Browse content similar to 14/03/2018. Check below for episodes and series from the same categories and more!
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You're watching
Beyond One Hundred Days. | 0:00:06 | 0:00:08 | |
A return to Cold War expulsions. | 0:00:08 | 0:00:11 | |
23 Russian spies are sent packing
by the British Prime Minister. | 0:00:11 | 0:00:17 | |
It the biggest number
of diplomats expelled | 0:00:17 | 0:00:19 | |
by Britain in 30 years,
as Europe and the United States come | 0:00:19 | 0:00:22 | |
out in support of London's response. | 0:00:22 | 0:00:29 | |
Poisoning of Sergei Skripal and his
daughter has been formally tied to | 0:00:29 | 0:00:32 | |
the Kremlin which denied the
deadline for information. They have | 0:00:32 | 0:00:38 | |
traded the use of military grade
nerve agent in Europe with contempt. | 0:00:38 | 0:00:44 | |
Russia says the UK is engaging in a
serious provocation. | 0:00:44 | 0:00:52 | |
Also on the programme. | 0:00:52 | 0:00:54 | |
A month on from the school shooting | 0:00:54 | 0:00:56 | |
in Florida, students stage a 17
minute walk out across America | 0:00:56 | 0:00:58 | |
in solidarity with the 17 who died. | 0:00:58 | 0:01:02 | |
Sometime ago I discovered black
holes are not lack after all. | 0:01:02 | 0:01:08 | |
And tributes to the visionary | 0:01:08 | 0:01:11 | |
physicist Stephen Hawking,
who's died at the age of 76. | 0:01:11 | 0:01:13 | |
Get in touch with us
using the hashtag | 0:01:13 | 0:01:15 | |
'Beyond-One-Hundred-Days'. | 0:01:15 | 0:01:23 | |
Hello and welcome -
I'm Katty Kay in Washington | 0:01:23 | 0:01:25 | |
and Christian Fraser is in London. | 0:01:25 | 0:01:27 | |
Forty per cent of the Russian
diplomats in the UK have just been | 0:01:27 | 0:01:30 | |
given their marching orders. | 0:01:30 | 0:01:31 | |
They have a week to leave. | 0:01:31 | 0:01:34 | |
It's the biggest expulsion of known
intelligence agents since 1985, | 0:01:34 | 0:01:37 | |
the year Mikhal Gorbachev
came to power. | 0:01:37 | 0:01:40 | |
And not since the Cold War have
relations between London and Moscow | 0:01:40 | 0:01:43 | |
sunk to such a level. | 0:01:43 | 0:01:46 | |
The Russian Ambassador
to London said Britain | 0:01:46 | 0:01:49 | |
was trying to concoct
'an unfounded | 0:01:49 | 0:01:50 | |
anti-Russian campaign'. | 0:01:50 | 0:01:52 | |
'We won't keep you waiting,'
he added 'for our counter measures'. | 0:01:52 | 0:01:55 | |
All high-level diplomacy
between the two countries | 0:01:55 | 0:01:57 | |
is forthwith suspended. | 0:01:57 | 0:02:00 | |
It promises to be a long
confrontation, in which the Prime | 0:02:00 | 0:02:02 | |
Minister will need every bit of help
from her allies. | 0:02:02 | 0:02:09 | |
It was right to offer Russia had the
chance to provide an explanation. | 0:02:09 | 0:02:15 | |
But their response is demonstrated
complete disdain for the gravity of | 0:02:15 | 0:02:19 | |
these events. They have provided no
credible explanation that could | 0:02:19 | 0:02:26 | |
suggest they lost control of their
nerve agent. No explanation as to | 0:02:26 | 0:02:30 | |
how this agent came to be used in
the UK, no explanation as to why | 0:02:30 | 0:02:36 | |
Russia has an undeclared chemical
weapons programme in contravention | 0:02:36 | 0:02:40 | |
of international law. Instead they
have traded the use of military | 0:02:40 | 0:02:45 | |
grade nerve agent in Europe with
sarcasm, contempt and defiance. So | 0:02:45 | 0:02:52 | |
Mr Speaker is no alternative
conclusion other than that the | 0:02:52 | 0:02:56 | |
Russian state was culpable for the
attempted murder of Sergei Skripal | 0:02:56 | 0:03:01 | |
and his daughter. And for
threatening the lives of other which | 0:03:01 | 0:03:04 | |
is systems in Salisbury including
Detective Sergeant Nick Bailey. | 0:03:04 | 0:03:09 | |
So here's what the Prime Minister
has set in motion - | 0:03:09 | 0:03:11 | |
among other measures. | 0:03:11 | 0:03:12 | |
The expulsion of 23 diplomats -
who have one week | 0:03:12 | 0:03:15 | |
to leave. | 0:03:15 | 0:03:16 | |
Increased checks on private
flights, customs | 0:03:16 | 0:03:17 | |
and freight. | 0:03:17 | 0:03:18 | |
The freezing of Russian assets | 0:03:18 | 0:03:20 | |
where there is evidence they may be
used to threaten the life | 0:03:20 | 0:03:23 | |
or property of UK
nationals or residents. | 0:03:23 | 0:03:25 | |
And predictably | 0:03:25 | 0:03:26 | |
ministers and members
of the Royal Family are to boycott | 0:03:26 | 0:03:28 | |
the Fifa World Cup in
Russia later this year. | 0:03:28 | 0:03:30 | |
Russia has been crossing red lines,
at home and abroad, | 0:03:30 | 0:03:33 | |
with growing impunity recently. | 0:03:33 | 0:03:34 | |
There's Georgia, Crimea,
Ukraine, the interference | 0:03:34 | 0:03:36 | |
in the American election,
in European elections, | 0:03:36 | 0:03:39 | |
and the poisoning of not one but two
Russian exiles here in Britain. | 0:03:39 | 0:03:43 | |
Is that why the West
is taking the attack | 0:03:43 | 0:03:45 | |
in Salisbury so seriously? | 0:03:45 | 0:03:47 | |
I have been speaking to the Chair
of the Commons Intelligence and | 0:03:47 | 0:03:49 | |
Security Committee Dominic Grieve
who says it's time NATO allies woke | 0:03:49 | 0:03:52 | |
up to the reality of the threat. | 0:03:52 | 0:03:58 | |
When it comes to the behaviour
of murdering people on other | 0:03:58 | 0:04:00 | |
people's sovereign territory,
it's very serious indeed. | 0:04:00 | 0:04:02 | |
But because we live
within a rules-based system, | 0:04:02 | 0:04:12 | |
we do have a common lawful
and proportionate response | 0:04:12 | 0:04:14 | |
to what Russia is doing. | 0:04:15 | 0:04:16 | |
And if we unite in doing it
and sustain it we have the best | 0:04:16 | 0:04:20 | |
prospect of actually getting them
to change their behaviour. | 0:04:20 | 0:04:21 | |
But I'm not sure at the moment
that we are succeeding | 0:04:21 | 0:04:24 | |
in that as much as I would like. | 0:04:24 | 0:04:26 | |
Can you suggest things that
might be proportionate? | 0:04:26 | 0:04:28 | |
Well clearly more sanctions
would undoubtedly be proportionate. | 0:04:28 | 0:04:38 | |
Visa restrictions on Russian
officials can be proportionate. | 0:04:41 | 0:04:42 | |
In so far as the action
we are taking in expelling Russian | 0:04:42 | 0:04:45 | |
agents in their embassy
here in London, other countries can | 0:04:45 | 0:04:48 | |
also do likewise in respect
of Russian agents who are present | 0:04:48 | 0:04:50 | |
in the embassies in those countries. | 0:04:50 | 0:04:52 | |
So I think we need to be
acting collectively. | 0:04:52 | 0:04:56 | |
But you will know that
when the British Government | 0:04:56 | 0:04:59 | |
was pushing for more sanctions,
tighter sanctions, after the enquiry | 0:04:59 | 0:05:02 | |
into the Litvenenko poisoning,
the Europeans were dragged really | 0:05:02 | 0:05:05 | |
kicking and screaming
towards sanctions. | 0:05:05 | 0:05:09 | |
They have not been
particularly supportive. | 0:05:09 | 0:05:19 | |
Countries like Italy for instance
get a lot of their gas from Russia. | 0:05:19 | 0:05:22 | |
Even the Germans who do a lot
of trade with Russia. | 0:05:22 | 0:05:25 | |
Not particularly keen. | 0:05:25 | 0:05:26 | |
Yes and I can understand that
but I think that in view | 0:05:26 | 0:05:28 | |
of the seriousness of the threat
and its brazen nature, | 0:05:28 | 0:05:31 | |
I think we really do all have
to think very long and hard | 0:05:31 | 0:05:35 | |
about the collective action we can
take as otherwise it simply | 0:05:35 | 0:05:37 | |
is going to embolden Mr Putin
and he will do more of it. | 0:05:37 | 0:05:40 | |
And he will do it selectively
in whatever country he chooses. | 0:05:40 | 0:05:43 | |
And then trust that with the passage
of time people will want to turn | 0:05:43 | 0:05:50 | |
over a new leaf, reset
the relationship and he | 0:05:50 | 0:05:52 | |
can get away with it. | 0:05:52 | 0:05:53 | |
And seeing that his activities
are extremely dangerous I think | 0:05:53 | 0:05:56 | |
we just need to try to focus on how
we can meet this threat together. | 0:05:56 | 0:05:59 | |
Ordinarily you would
expect our closest ally, | 0:05:59 | 0:06:05 | |
and an American president, to stand | 0:06:05 | 0:06:08 | |
behind the UK but he is not imposing
the sanctions that have | 0:06:08 | 0:06:11 | |
been set why Congress. | 0:06:11 | 0:06:12 | |
And there is not much trust that
President Trump will fall in behind | 0:06:12 | 0:06:15 | |
the UK in any meaningful way. | 0:06:15 | 0:06:16 | |
I think it is a reflection
of the curious way in | 0:06:16 | 0:06:19 | |
which President Trump
conducts his policy. | 0:06:19 | 0:06:20 | |
I think there's no doubt
there are many around him | 0:06:20 | 0:06:30 | |
who are very concerned
about what Russia is doing | 0:06:31 | 0:06:33 | |
but for for a variety of reasons
he doesn't seem to be | 0:06:33 | 0:06:37 | |
taking a measured response
and there is a sense that whilst | 0:06:37 | 0:06:39 | |
he is supportive he does not | 0:06:39 | 0:06:40 | |
seem to have a strategy. | 0:06:40 | 0:06:42 | |
So of course that is the subject
of anxiety but of course that | 0:06:42 | 0:06:45 | |
could change with time. | 0:06:45 | 0:06:46 | |
Well let's pick up
that final thought | 0:06:46 | 0:06:48 | |
with Matthew Rojansky,
director of the Wilson | 0:06:48 | 0:06:49 | |
Center's Kennan Institute. | 0:06:50 | 0:06:55 | |
We are reminded that America matters
in a global response to threat and | 0:06:55 | 0:07:01 | |
the world is looking to Washington.
Do you agree that perhaps they will | 0:07:01 | 0:07:06 | |
not get what they want from
Washington when it comes to | 0:07:06 | 0:07:09 | |
retaliation against Russia. It is
unlikely Washington will be the tip | 0:07:09 | 0:07:15 | |
of the sphere in retaliation on this
particular attempted murder because | 0:07:15 | 0:07:19 | |
it was in the UK and the UK must be
in the lead. I think there will be | 0:07:19 | 0:07:24 | |
further were coming from Washington
in response to other actions by | 0:07:24 | 0:07:27 | |
Russia including what we are
learning about ongoing election and | 0:07:27 | 0:07:32 | |
other political interference.
Russian behaviour in the Ukraine | 0:07:32 | 0:07:36 | |
etc. The Treasury Secretary
indicated pretty clearly that the | 0:07:36 | 0:07:41 | |
administration intends to respond in
some meaningful way to the | 0:07:41 | 0:07:44 | |
Congressional legislation despite
the public report that rightfully | 0:07:44 | 0:07:48 | |
was cited as being pretty thin. You
spend a lot of time in Russia and | 0:07:48 | 0:07:53 | |
you know one thing that could have
an impact is hitting Russian money | 0:07:53 | 0:07:58 | |
in London. One person that could be
targeted as the Deputy Prime | 0:07:58 | 0:08:00 | |
Minister who has apartment buildings
in the middle of London web around | 0:08:00 | 0:08:06 | |
$50 million. If you're Kate wants to
send a message to Putin and those | 0:08:06 | 0:08:09 | |
who support him would it be smart of
them to go after the money. I've | 0:08:09 | 0:08:15 | |
always felt that sanctions are like
any other weapon and you can fire | 0:08:15 | 0:08:21 | |
that but there is a cost each time.
In the case of the UK we see this | 0:08:21 | 0:08:25 | |
clearly, the UK has benefited for a
long time from the presence of | 0:08:25 | 0:08:29 | |
significant amounts of Russian money
in the British banking system, in | 0:08:29 | 0:08:32 | |
the London real estate market.
Secondary services including | 0:08:32 | 0:08:37 | |
tailors, lawyers. Some of that is
pro-regime, some of it anti-regime | 0:08:37 | 0:08:42 | |
and then hangers on who might
literally be assassins. If the UK is | 0:08:42 | 0:08:47 | |
willing to take on that problem as a
whole and potentially willing to | 0:08:47 | 0:08:51 | |
scare off some of that money then it
can fire the weapon. But having your | 0:08:51 | 0:08:57 | |
cake and eating it is probably not
possible. If the Russian state is | 0:08:57 | 0:09:01 | |
involved then surely no coincidence
that President Putin has provoked a | 0:09:01 | 0:09:04 | |
crisis with the West just days ahead
of an election. I think the election | 0:09:04 | 0:09:11 | |
cannot not be significant for Putin.
So if he has ordered this and I do | 0:09:11 | 0:09:15 | |
not say this to indicate that the
Russian state is not behind it but | 0:09:15 | 0:09:19 | |
remember there are many actors in
the Russian state that may simply | 0:09:19 | 0:09:25 | |
operate as a matter of course to
take out someone they consider to be | 0:09:25 | 0:09:29 | |
a traitor, if Putin ordered this and
the question of timing is important | 0:09:29 | 0:09:32 | |
for him, one week before an election
he is looking for the narrative that | 0:09:32 | 0:09:39 | |
the West is out to get Russia.
Looking to mobilise his base and to | 0:09:39 | 0:09:44 | |
build Western leaders essentially
into making exactly the kind of | 0:09:44 | 0:09:48 | |
provocative and hostile threatening
statements towards Russia that they | 0:09:48 | 0:09:50 | |
have been doing, even if many
consider them not to be enough, this | 0:09:50 | 0:09:55 | |
is perfect material for Putin. And
after the election if he needs to | 0:09:55 | 0:09:59 | |
roll things back and see better
relations he has two or three fields | 0:09:59 | 0:10:04 | |
of operation. Ukraine, Syria, North
Korea. And the West would have no | 0:10:04 | 0:10:09 | |
choice but to respond in a tough and
helpful way. Thank you very much for | 0:10:09 | 0:10:16 | |
coming in. So interesting speaking
about the domestic politics in | 0:10:16 | 0:10:20 | |
Russia and what is behind that.
Let's look at domestic politics in | 0:10:20 | 0:10:25 | |
the UK. It would benefit the UK in
or mislead if the body politic in | 0:10:25 | 0:10:32 | |
the UK were united on the issue but
it seems to be clear they're not. | 0:10:32 | 0:10:36 | |
Well a lot of focus today on Jeremy
Corbyn who was loath to criticise | 0:10:36 | 0:10:41 | |
Putin much like the trap is that he
said he wants evidence of the | 0:10:41 | 0:10:46 | |
culpability of the Russian state
before he apportions blame. And | 0:10:46 | 0:10:49 | |
today he added the UK does not have
a good history when it comes to | 0:10:49 | 0:10:52 | |
weapons of mass destruction, the
intelligence not being accurate. But | 0:10:52 | 0:10:57 | |
this time WMD has been found in a
cathedral city here in England and | 0:10:57 | 0:11:02 | |
we are very lucky that more British
people had not been killed. So not a | 0:11:02 | 0:11:06 | |
happy afternoon amongst Labour MPs.
Our political editor in fact said | 0:11:06 | 0:11:13 | |
that this motion was put down today
and use the names scribbled at the | 0:11:13 | 0:11:19 | |
bottom. And I think there is a
possibility that some Labour shadow | 0:11:19 | 0:11:27 | |
frontbenchers could resign tonight
over the statement today from their | 0:11:27 | 0:11:29 | |
leader. So a lot of anger and the
uneasy truce within Labour seems to | 0:11:29 | 0:11:35 | |
have gone. And exactly what Russia
wants. That division within the | 0:11:35 | 0:11:39 | |
party. Exactly. And that question
about whether the UK is prepared to | 0:11:39 | 0:11:46 | |
withstand the possible impact of
sanctions against Moscow. | 0:11:46 | 0:11:52 | |
Here in the US, students
across the country | 0:11:52 | 0:11:54 | |
left their classrooms today -
in protest at gun violence and to | 0:11:54 | 0:11:57 | |
demand restrictions on gun sales. | 0:11:57 | 0:11:58 | |
The National School Walkout came
on the one month anniversary | 0:11:58 | 0:12:01 | |
of the school shooting in Parkland,
Florida which left 17 people dead. | 0:12:01 | 0:12:05 | |
And today's events were scheduled
to last 17 minutes - | 0:12:05 | 0:12:07 | |
one minute for every life taken
in the attack. | 0:12:07 | 0:12:10 | |
The action came ahead
of an even bigger rally | 0:12:10 | 0:12:12 | |
in Washington later this month,
that will bring students together | 0:12:12 | 0:12:14 | |
from all around the country. | 0:12:14 | 0:12:16 | |
Our North America Editor
Jon Sopel reports. | 0:12:16 | 0:12:24 | |
The last time we saw children
pouring out of school it was with | 0:12:24 | 0:12:29 | |
their hands up in terror after the
Florida shooting. Today they came | 0:12:29 | 0:12:32 | |
out across America at this time with
their fists clenched demanding | 0:12:32 | 0:12:38 | |
change on gun control. In Washington
at ten o'clock on a bracing cold | 0:12:38 | 0:12:44 | |
morning with their backs turned on
the White House 's students fell | 0:12:44 | 0:12:48 | |
silent for 70 minutes, one minute
for each of the people who died at | 0:12:48 | 0:12:52 | |
the Marjorie Stoneman Douglas school
in Florida last month. There's no | 0:12:52 | 0:13:01 | |
doubting extraordinary success these
young people have had in changing | 0:13:01 | 0:13:03 | |
the whole terms of debate on the
subject of gun control. Their | 0:13:03 | 0:13:10 | |
problem is that the man who lives on
the other side of that offence seems | 0:13:10 | 0:13:13 | |
to have got cold feet. When Donald
Trump met youngsters on the Florida | 0:13:13 | 0:13:22 | |
School at the White House he seemed
to offer his support for tougher gun | 0:13:22 | 0:13:25 | |
control measures like raising to 21
the age at which you can buy a | 0:13:25 | 0:13:29 | |
rifle. And he later tried it
lawmakers for being frightened of | 0:13:29 | 0:13:34 | |
the National Rifle Association. Some
of you people are petrified of the | 0:13:34 | 0:13:37 | |
NRA. But he is now backed off those
proposals and so the end people are | 0:13:37 | 0:13:43 | |
intensifying their campaign. We want
them to pass common-sense gun | 0:13:43 | 0:13:48 | |
reforms and ban assault rifles. We
do not want to be scared in school. | 0:13:48 | 0:13:53 | |
We are tired of being scared. We
want change. This is a curtain | 0:13:53 | 0:14:02 | |
raiser to a mass demonstration in
Washington in ten days' time. They | 0:14:02 | 0:14:05 | |
are a long way from getting what
they want but the power of youth | 0:14:05 | 0:14:10 | |
protest has got them further than
anyone could have imagined and then | 0:14:10 | 0:14:13 | |
not in any mood to surrender. Dashed
they are not in any mood. | 0:14:13 | 0:14:23 | |
Plenty of anger around the country. | 0:14:23 | 0:14:26 | |
After six months of coalition talks,
Angela Merkel has been | 0:14:26 | 0:14:29 | |
sworn in for a fourth term
as German chancellor. | 0:14:29 | 0:14:31 | |
She'll lead a coalition of
conservatives and Social Democrats. | 0:14:31 | 0:14:41 | |
In Italy, 223,000 people
have been evacuated | 0:14:42 | 0:14:44 | |
from a town on the east
coast after an unexploded | 0:14:44 | 0:14:46 | |
World War Two bomb was found
during the construction | 0:14:46 | 0:14:48 | |
of a drain in Fano. | 0:14:48 | 0:14:49 | |
Officials say the 225 kilogram
bomb was British-made, | 0:14:49 | 0:14:51 | |
and there was panic
when it was accidentally activated. | 0:14:51 | 0:14:53 | |
The device was removed
and dropped into the sea. | 0:14:53 | 0:15:01 | |
He bridged the gap between academia | 0:15:01 | 0:15:03 | |
and popular culture -
an extraordinary scientist | 0:15:03 | 0:15:05 | |
who inspired millions. | 0:15:05 | 0:15:09 | |
There have been tributes
from all over the world today | 0:15:09 | 0:15:11 | |
for Professor Stephen Hawking
who has died at the age of 76. | 0:15:11 | 0:15:14 | |
He was diagnosed with a rare form
of motor neurone disease | 0:15:14 | 0:15:17 | |
when he was just 22 and told he had
only a few years to live. | 0:15:17 | 0:15:21 | |
But he defied expectations and went
on to become one of the most famous | 0:15:21 | 0:15:24 | |
physicists in the world. | 0:15:24 | 0:15:25 | |
Our Science Editor David Shukman
looks back at his life. | 0:15:25 | 0:15:29 | |
There is nothing like the Eureka
moment of discovering | 0:15:29 | 0:15:32 | |
something no one knew before. | 0:15:32 | 0:15:34 | |
Stephen Hawking had a gift
for inspiration, a powerful spirit | 0:15:34 | 0:15:38 | |
overcoming an ailing body to allow
a mind to roam the cosmos. | 0:15:38 | 0:15:44 | |
Earning him a place as the most
famous scientist in the world. | 0:15:44 | 0:15:47 | |
It has been a glorious time to be
alive and researching and doing | 0:15:47 | 0:15:50 | |
theoretical physics. | 0:15:50 | 0:15:55 | |
Who else could draw
crowds like this? | 0:15:55 | 0:15:58 | |
The man who gazed at the stars
became one himself. | 0:15:58 | 0:16:04 | |
His story poignant and uplifting,
his career involved concept | 0:16:04 | 0:16:08 | |
so alien and complicated for most
it was a struggle to keep up | 0:16:08 | 0:16:13 | |
but he explored the strangest
of features of the universe, | 0:16:13 | 0:16:16 | |
black holes, drawing together
the science of the largest things | 0:16:16 | 0:16:20 | |
in space with the science
of the small, part | 0:16:20 | 0:16:21 | |
of a quest to come up
with a theory for the universe. | 0:16:21 | 0:16:27 | |
He made these incredibly original
insights that set up the modern | 0:16:27 | 0:16:31 | |
theory of black holes. | 0:16:31 | 0:16:35 | |
And made great contributions
to cosmology, and so | 0:16:35 | 0:16:37 | |
he was a huge figure. | 0:16:37 | 0:16:42 | |
I was devastated, really upset. | 0:16:42 | 0:16:46 | |
I met him a couple of times
but he had an impact on my life. | 0:16:46 | 0:16:50 | |
It is the passing of a great
scientist who will be truly missed. | 0:16:50 | 0:17:00 | |
As a student his intelligence stood
out but at that moment he was given | 0:17:01 | 0:17:04 | |
a warning that motor neurone disease
would cut his life short. | 0:17:04 | 0:17:08 | |
When I was diagnosed at 21,
I was told it would kill me | 0:17:08 | 0:17:11 | |
in two, three years. | 0:17:11 | 0:17:12 | |
Somehow he kept going. | 0:17:12 | 0:17:13 | |
In a high-tech wheelchair
and a synthesised voice. | 0:17:13 | 0:17:19 | |
Communicating first by touch,
then by twitching a single | 0:17:19 | 0:17:21 | |
muscle in his cheek,
a daunting burden for anyone. | 0:17:21 | 0:17:25 | |
His children saw him as an example. | 0:17:26 | 0:17:30 | |
People who live in extreme
circumstances seem to find something | 0:17:30 | 0:17:33 | |
inspirational in his example
of perseverance and his ability | 0:17:33 | 0:17:35 | |
to rise above the suffering
and still want to communicate | 0:17:35 | 0:17:38 | |
at a higher level. | 0:17:38 | 0:17:43 | |
Life was not straightforward,
his first marriage ending | 0:17:43 | 0:17:45 | |
in divorce, as did a second to one
of his nurses. | 0:17:45 | 0:17:55 | |
Claims emerged that he had been
physically abused, the case dropped | 0:17:55 | 0:17:58 | |
because of lack of evidence. | 0:17:58 | 0:17:59 | |
His book sold at least 10 million
copies and everyone wanted | 0:17:59 | 0:18:02 | |
to meet him from the Pope
in the Vatican, to the Queen. | 0:18:02 | 0:18:07 | |
To President Obama,
who awarded him a medal of honour. | 0:18:07 | 0:18:11 | |
His fame reached beyond
the world of science. | 0:18:11 | 0:18:14 | |
Your theory of a doughnut shaped
universe is intriguing. | 0:18:14 | 0:18:22 | |
Even appearing in The Simpsons. | 0:18:22 | 0:18:23 | |
I did not say that. | 0:18:23 | 0:18:29 | |
In an episode of Star Trek he had
the chance to tease Isaac Newton. | 0:18:29 | 0:18:32 | |
Not the apple story again! | 0:18:32 | 0:18:33 | |
Astounding to think the Lord
created this in seven days. | 0:18:33 | 0:18:37 | |
Incorrect. | 0:18:37 | 0:18:39 | |
It took 13.8 million years. | 0:18:39 | 0:18:45 | |
More recently he was happy to play
along for Comic Relief. | 0:18:45 | 0:18:50 | |
He saw himself as an ambassador
for science and in this interview | 0:18:50 | 0:18:54 | |
told me of his hopes
for the Large Hadron Collider. | 0:18:54 | 0:18:58 | |
He had a sense of adventure. | 0:18:58 | 0:19:01 | |
I am very excited. | 0:19:01 | 0:19:05 | |
I have been wheelchair-bound almost
four decades and the chance to float | 0:19:05 | 0:19:08 | |
free in zero G will be wonderful. | 0:19:08 | 0:19:12 | |
Even braving a zero gravity flight. | 0:19:12 | 0:19:15 | |
No surprise his death
prompted tributes. | 0:19:15 | 0:19:25 | |
Founder of the world wide web
Tim Berners-Lee tweeted... | 0:19:26 | 0:19:30 | |
And Nasa said... | 0:19:30 | 0:19:38 | |
If you reverse time and the universe
is getting smaller. | 0:19:38 | 0:19:41 | |
Eddie Redmayne played him
in the film The Theory | 0:19:41 | 0:19:44 | |
of Everything and today said,
we have lost a truly beautiful mind. | 0:19:44 | 0:19:49 | |
A scientist who delved
into the realm of black holes | 0:19:49 | 0:19:54 | |
offered an incredibly engaging story
that achieved something remarkable, | 0:19:54 | 0:19:56 | |
it touched a global audience. | 0:19:56 | 0:20:03 | |
And joining me now is
theoretical physicist - | 0:20:03 | 0:20:05 | |
Dr James Gates, Jr. | 0:20:05 | 0:20:10 | |
You met Stephen Hawking is several
times. On many occasions. I would | 0:20:10 | 0:20:14 | |
have loved to be there for these
conversations. Talking about things | 0:20:14 | 0:20:19 | |
I would not understand? Or just two
men who shared a passion. It was | 0:20:19 | 0:20:27 | |
more a conversation of people
sharing the same passion for | 0:20:27 | 0:20:29 | |
science. Stephen was an amazing
person with a I referred to him once | 0:20:29 | 0:20:34 | |
is the bravest physicist of all. I
first met him in 1980 and there was | 0:20:34 | 0:20:38 | |
a conference and I was attending and
we interacted with Stephen and he | 0:20:38 | 0:20:45 | |
gave a speech and I was amazed that
he rose to the challenge and just | 0:20:45 | 0:20:50 | |
perform relenting. What about is
what was that the fact, if Stephen | 0:20:50 | 0:20:55 | |
Hawking had not been banned to a
wheelchair he would still have been | 0:20:55 | 0:20:59 | |
one of the greatest physicists ever?
Absolutely. He said the foundations. | 0:20:59 | 0:21:09 | |
The disease did not stop his mind
from working at the highest levels | 0:21:09 | 0:21:15 | |
that human minds can work and that
was something to be admired. His | 0:21:15 | 0:21:19 | |
body to one extent limited what he
could do. He could not set out like | 0:21:19 | 0:21:25 | |
other scientists mathematical
derivations and equations and long | 0:21:25 | 0:21:31 | |
form explanations so we had to be
more concise and abstract in the way | 0:21:31 | 0:21:35 | |
he explain things. Is that what
ought to the masses, you think? I | 0:21:35 | 0:21:40 | |
think it is a story for the ages. It
is the prototypical story of a hero, | 0:21:40 | 0:21:48 | |
enormous odds against success,
succeeding and then retaining his | 0:21:48 | 0:21:53 | |
humanity and reaching out to people.
Something I think is a universal | 0:21:53 | 0:21:58 | |
story. Lots of people have got in
touch saying could you explain what | 0:21:58 | 0:22:03 | |
he actually did for the common man,
what he did that was so good for | 0:22:03 | 0:22:08 | |
mankind. I know you are made of the
same matter Stephen Hawking so I | 0:22:08 | 0:22:13 | |
brought along my son and I will set
you a little challenge. Can you as | 0:22:13 | 0:22:18 | |
concisely as he did in say 45
seconds explain the 1971 black hole | 0:22:18 | 0:22:24 | |
mechanics. Can you do that? I will
make the attempt. So in the 1971 | 0:22:24 | 0:22:34 | |
paper Stephen pointed out something
no one thought about before, there | 0:22:34 | 0:22:37 | |
are these things, black holes, come
the Einstein theory of general with | 0:22:37 | 0:22:44 | |
Nativity and Stephen looked at those
and other physicists did as well. - | 0:22:44 | 0:22:54 | |
dashed general relativity. And they
figured out that these things are | 0:22:54 | 0:22:57 | |
not exactly black. Stephen figured
out if you believe in a quantum | 0:22:57 | 0:23:02 | |
mechanical universe that it has got
to spit something out a bit like the | 0:23:02 | 0:23:09 | |
sizzle of bacon or the sizzle of
space time if you like. I was | 0:23:09 | 0:23:13 | |
getting stressed with the clock
ticking, you handled it brilliantly. | 0:23:13 | 0:23:19 | |
Doctor Gates is a great mind but I'm
not. But it sounded really good to | 0:23:19 | 0:23:26 | |
me. We did not even managed to get
the clock ticking, that is how | 0:23:26 | 0:23:35 | |
limited we are! If you were to say
there was one thing that the world | 0:23:35 | 0:23:42 | |
understands now that it did not
understand because of Stephen | 0:23:42 | 0:23:45 | |
Hawking, if he had not lived amongst
us, what would it be. I like to call | 0:23:45 | 0:23:51 | |
them the black hole whisperer. He
brought this piece of madness into | 0:23:51 | 0:23:56 | |
the realm of reality and when it is
finds it means that perhaps someday | 0:23:56 | 0:24:03 | |
humanity will use these strange
objects perhaps to our benefit. | 0:24:03 | 0:24:09 | |
Thank you very much. He gave a
something that we might be able to | 0:24:09 | 0:24:14 | |
use in the future, not necessarily
today because we do not yet have the | 0:24:14 | 0:24:18 | |
technology but if we can develop
that one day we may be able to use | 0:24:18 | 0:24:22 | |
these things for the benefit of
mankind. Extraordinary how many | 0:24:22 | 0:24:27 | |
tributes have come forward today
especially in a society that does | 0:24:27 | 0:24:31 | |
not easily celebrate its finders. It
is not something you talk about | 0:24:31 | 0:24:33 | |
often. But he certainly crossed the
divide. A man with such unbounded | 0:24:33 | 0:24:39 | |
imagination. | 0:24:39 | 0:24:41 | |
This is Beyond 100
Days from the BBC. | 0:24:41 | 0:24:49 | |
My timing is all over the place
today! We still have one minute | 0:24:49 | 0:24:55 | |
until the break so let's just keep
talking about Stephen Hawking! It is | 0:24:55 | 0:25:00 | |
rare that I get extra time from you
so I will use it all up. What is | 0:25:00 | 0:25:09 | |
remarkable about him coming here
this interesting persona, clearly he | 0:25:09 | 0:25:13 | |
was very humble about the work he
did and everyone described in in | 0:25:13 | 0:25:16 | |
terms of that humility. But also he
was someone had clearly liked | 0:25:16 | 0:25:21 | |
celebrity readings and none that
respect he became an ambassador for | 0:25:21 | 0:25:24 | |
science. We have a different view of
physics, even if we do not | 0:25:24 | 0:25:29 | |
understand it, he gave us something
by popularising complicated notions | 0:25:29 | 0:25:33 | |
of physics. 45 seconds! A pretty
good explanation, well done. | 0:25:33 | 0:25:41 | |
Coming up for viewers
on the BBC News Channel | 0:25:41 | 0:25:44 | |
and BBC World News -
the Democrats are claiming victory | 0:25:44 | 0:25:46 | |
in a special congressional election
seen as a referendum | 0:25:46 | 0:25:48 | |
on President Trump's performance -
should he be worried? | 0:25:48 | 0:25:52 | |
And one of the founders of Facebook
thinks super-rich people | 0:25:52 | 0:25:55 | |
like him should pay working people
a guaranteed income. | 0:25:55 | 0:25:57 | |
We'll be asking him why he wants
to give his money away. | 0:25:57 | 0:26:04 | |
Once again it has been a day of
mixed weather fortunes across the | 0:26:08 | 0:26:15 | |
UK. Across the western side you have
had some pretty wet and that times | 0:26:15 | 0:26:20 | |
windy weather as well. Thanks to the
area of low pressure the rain has | 0:26:20 | 0:26:26 | |
come as this weather front has
gradually come to dominate many of | 0:26:26 | 0:26:29 | |
those western areas. But eased it
has been a much more acceptable sort | 0:26:29 | 0:26:33 | |
of day, quite breezy but at the same
time some sunshine and some spring | 0:26:33 | 0:26:39 | |
one. Through the evening the weather
front still all over the South West, | 0:26:39 | 0:26:43 | |
accompanied by gale force wind. The
rain just keeps on coming into | 0:26:43 | 0:26:49 | |
Northern Ireland and becomes a
little bit more of a feature perhaps | 0:26:49 | 0:26:53 | |
across the western side of Scotland.
Further east underneath those clear | 0:26:53 | 0:26:58 | |
skies and for some in the Far East,
the greater part of the night | 0:26:58 | 0:27:02 | |
temperatures will fall away. Down to
three or 4 degrees or so. Up towards | 0:27:02 | 0:27:08 | |
the West rain just keeps on coming
in Northern Ireland, becoming ever | 0:27:08 | 0:27:10 | |
more present through Wales and into
the Midlands and South East. Making | 0:27:10 | 0:27:15 | |
for a pretty miserable start to the
day. The weather front makes | 0:27:15 | 0:27:20 | |
progress further north, and
following on behind we have brighter | 0:27:20 | 0:27:25 | |
skies but there will be occasionally
some sharp showers. Underneath that | 0:27:25 | 0:27:33 | |
front temperatures struggling.
Around six, 7 degrees or so. Through | 0:27:33 | 0:27:41 | |
into Friday the onshore flow keeping
things cool and we could see some | 0:27:41 | 0:27:47 | |
wintry showers overnight on the
hills of northern Britain. And | 0:27:47 | 0:27:54 | |
following on behind still relatively
mild at this stage but still the | 0:27:54 | 0:27:56 | |
prospect of some sharp showers and
even a rumble of thunder. If you're | 0:27:56 | 0:28:02 | |
getting used to this relatively mild
spell of weather I urge you to | 0:28:02 | 0:28:05 | |
cherish it because as we get towards
the weekend as the passion starts to | 0:28:05 | 0:28:11 | |
look familiar, feeding in much
colder weather across all parts of | 0:28:11 | 0:28:17 | |
the British Isles eventually. You
can imagine if you fully exposed to | 0:28:17 | 0:28:21 | |
that easterly wind it is going to be
one of those and there will be more | 0:28:21 | 0:28:29 | |
snow. | 0:28:29 | 0:28:30 | |
Archive stores. The British premise
or expels 23 Russian diplomats after | 0:30:14 | 0:30:19 | |
blaming them for the poisoning of a
former agent and his daughter. | 0:30:19 | 0:30:23 | |
Russia denounced pushed denounces
the expulsions, calling the move | 0:30:23 | 0:30:27 | |
hostile and short-sighted. Coming
up, an emergency meeting of the UN | 0:30:27 | 0:30:34 | |
Security Council is being called,
will be live there in just a moment. | 0:30:34 | 0:30:38 | |
And what President Trump's choice of
the next Secretary of State tells us | 0:30:38 | 0:30:42 | |
about American foreign policy going
forward. Democrats declare victory | 0:30:42 | 0:30:46 | |
in Pennsylvania, and should
Republicans be nervous? | 0:30:46 | 0:30:53 | |
Let us know your thoughts
by using the hashtag #Beyond100Days. | 0:30:53 | 0:31:00 | |
More on our top story now,
the state of relations | 0:31:00 | 0:31:03 | |
between London on Moscow. | 0:31:03 | 0:31:04 | |
Arguably Theresa May's best hope
for hitting Russia in a way that | 0:31:04 | 0:31:07 | |
actually hurts is to make this
an international issue. | 0:31:07 | 0:31:09 | |
IF she can get the US,
the EU, even NATO on board | 0:31:09 | 0:31:12 | |
the power of the response
will be much stronger. | 0:31:12 | 0:31:16 | |
One forum for making this global
is of course the United Nations, | 0:31:16 | 0:31:19 | |
which upholds that the use of nerve
agents is unlawful. | 0:31:19 | 0:31:21 | |
Today the UN Secretary General
called the attack on Sergei Skripal | 0:31:21 | 0:31:24 | |
an unacceptable violation
of international law. | 0:31:24 | 0:31:28 | |
So, what's the UN actually
going to do about it given that | 0:31:28 | 0:31:31 | |
Russia sits on the security council? | 0:31:31 | 0:31:35 | |
Nick Bryant is at the UN for us. | 0:31:35 | 0:31:42 | |
What kind of discussions of the
having there, and what action will | 0:31:42 | 0:31:45 | |
that lead to? The discussions had
just gotten under way, they were | 0:31:45 | 0:31:49 | |
delayed for an -- 30 minutes, the
Russians were involved in some | 0:31:49 | 0:31:56 | |
wrangling time wasting, and the
ambassador here has just started his | 0:31:56 | 0:31:59 | |
speech in front of this global
forum. The British are trying to | 0:31:59 | 0:32:04 | |
internationalize this, looking for
solidarity from other members of the | 0:32:04 | 0:32:10 | |
Security Council, not least are the
European here -- European Union | 0:32:10 | 0:32:13 | |
members and the United States. We
understand the key Haley will be | 0:32:13 | 0:32:17 | |
delivering a very hard-hitting
speech. -- Nikki Haley. I'm just | 0:32:17 | 0:32:21 | |
struck by how extraordinary this is.
Here the United Nations, what I | 0:32:21 | 0:32:26 | |
normally talk to you both, we are
talking about Syria and places like | 0:32:26 | 0:32:31 | |
North Korea. But today we are
talking about Salisbury, an English | 0:32:31 | 0:32:37 | |
cathedral town, and Salisbury being
linked with a chemical weapons | 0:32:37 | 0:32:40 | |
attack. Again, something we normally
talk about only in connection with | 0:32:40 | 0:32:44 | |
places like Syria. This is an
extraordinary event at the United | 0:32:44 | 0:32:47 | |
Nations. We will talk to Jonathan
Allen, the UK Deputy permanent | 0:32:47 | 0:32:52 | |
Representative to the security
council, and he is talking, as you | 0:32:52 | 0:32:57 | |
can see. We can conclude that Russia
is in serious breach of the Amoco | 0:32:57 | 0:32:59 | |
weapons convention. This fact alone
means you should discount any | 0:32:59 | 0:33:06 | |
arguments you hear about the
possibility of other companies -- | 0:33:06 | 0:33:08 | |
countries having access to this
technology. At Russia at -- declared | 0:33:08 | 0:33:14 | |
and destroyed their own programme,
there may have been some truth to | 0:33:14 | 0:33:17 | |
this. Mr President, on the 4th of
March, a weapon so horrific that it | 0:33:17 | 0:33:23 | |
is banned from use in war, was used
in a peaceful city and my country. | 0:33:23 | 0:33:29 | |
This was a reckless act, carried out
by people who disregard the sanctity | 0:33:29 | 0:33:34 | |
of human life, who are indifferent
to where this whether innocents are | 0:33:34 | 0:33:39 | |
caught up in their attacks. They
either did not care that the weapon | 0:33:39 | 0:33:42 | |
used would be tracked back to them,
or mistakenly believed that they | 0:33:42 | 0:33:45 | |
could cover their traces. Russian
officials and media channels have | 0:33:45 | 0:33:50 | |
repeatedly threatened those they
consider traitors, even after the | 0:33:50 | 0:33:56 | |
fall -- March four attack. Russia
has a history of state-sponsored | 0:33:56 | 0:33:59 | |
attack -- assassinations, including
that of Alexander lived up... | 0:33:59 | 0:34:06 | |
Poisoned by radioactive materials in
my country a decade ago. Russia has | 0:34:06 | 0:34:09 | |
a history of interfering in other
countries, whether the botched coup | 0:34:09 | 0:34:14 | |
in Montenegro, repeated cyber
attacks on other states, or seeking | 0:34:14 | 0:34:17 | |
to influence others's Democratic
processes. Russia has a history of | 0:34:17 | 0:34:24 | |
flouting international law, most
egregiously in Crimea, eastern UK, | 0:34:24 | 0:34:27 | |
and Georgia. Russia shows disregard
for civilian life, we all remember | 0:34:27 | 0:34:36 | |
flight MH 17, shutdown but the shot
down by Russian proxies supplied | 0:34:36 | 0:34:39 | |
with weapons. Russia has shown in
its repeated protection of Asad's | 0:34:39 | 0:34:43 | |
chemical weapons use that it has
different standards when it comes to | 0:34:43 | 0:34:48 | |
the use of these terrible
substances. We have not jumped to | 0:34:48 | 0:34:54 | |
conclusions, we have carried out a
thorough, careful investigation | 0:34:54 | 0:34:59 | |
which continues. We are asking the
OPC W to independently verify the | 0:34:59 | 0:35:03 | |
nerve agent used. We have offered
Russia the chance to explain, but | 0:35:03 | 0:35:10 | |
Russia has refused. We have
therefore concluded that the Russian | 0:35:10 | 0:35:13 | |
state was involved, and we have
taken certain measures in response. | 0:35:13 | 0:35:17 | |
In taking these measures, we have
been clear that we have no | 0:35:17 | 0:35:21 | |
disagreement with the people of
Russia, who have been responsible | 0:35:21 | 0:35:25 | |
for so many great achievements
throughout history. It is the | 0:35:25 | 0:35:29 | |
reckless acts of their government
that we oppose. Jonathan Allen | 0:35:29 | 0:35:36 | |
making his opening remarks at the UN
Security Council. Let's bring in | 0:35:36 | 0:35:38 | |
that pride again. There is the
chemical weapons convention, I | 0:35:38 | 0:35:44 | |
suppose with the Security Council
would like is for the organisation | 0:35:44 | 0:35:47 | |
to go into Russia, so the load test
laboratory, which we are told is in | 0:35:47 | 0:35:53 | |
central Russia, and see what
happened? The British were talking | 0:35:53 | 0:35:56 | |
about giving the OPC W some of the
substance use, so they can | 0:35:56 | 0:36:04 | |
independently verify what the
British have found. Of course the | 0:36:04 | 0:36:07 | |
UN's hands are tied on this, because
to take action would require a vote, | 0:36:07 | 0:36:13 | |
and the British will not vote
through the Security Council while | 0:36:13 | 0:36:17 | |
the Russians have their veto. So
with the British are looking for, | 0:36:17 | 0:36:22 | |
not sanctions today, they're not
necessarily looking for action. What | 0:36:22 | 0:36:25 | |
they're looking for is a show of
solidarity, and international | 0:36:25 | 0:36:29 | |
shaming of the Russian Federation on
the world's biggest diplomatic | 0:36:29 | 0:36:31 | |
stage. Thank you. That is one issue
that will land on the desk of the | 0:36:31 | 0:36:41 | |
new Secretary of State. | 0:36:41 | 0:36:45 | |
What will the appointment
of Mike Pompeo as secretary of state | 0:36:45 | 0:36:48 | |
mean for US Foreign Policy
in the Trump administration? | 0:36:48 | 0:36:50 | |
As CIA Director he aligned
himself with the President | 0:36:50 | 0:36:52 | |
and earned his trust. | 0:36:52 | 0:36:53 | |
He is tougher on Moscow
than Mr Trump but on other issues | 0:36:53 | 0:36:56 | |
has shown he is in lockstep
with the President and, | 0:36:56 | 0:36:58 | |
critically, he has his ear. | 0:36:58 | 0:37:00 | |
He's confrontational on Iran,
unlike Tillerson, and on North Korea | 0:37:00 | 0:37:02 | |
he is also more hawkish
than his predecessor. | 0:37:02 | 0:37:06 | |
It's a topic that Robin Wright has
written about in the New Yorker | 0:37:06 | 0:37:09 | |
and she joins us now. | 0:37:09 | 0:37:15 | |
I want to get your reactions to what
we just heard in the United Nations | 0:37:15 | 0:37:18 | |
from the deputy Burnet
representative of the United Kingdom | 0:37:18 | 0:37:23 | |
there. Very tough language coming
out of the United Kingdom, will they | 0:37:23 | 0:37:27 | |
get back up from a Pompeo and the
new Secretary of State? Will be very | 0:37:27 | 0:37:33 | |
hard for the trumpet administration
not to go along with its British | 0:37:33 | 0:37:37 | |
ally. The question is, what will the
United States do in the product -- | 0:37:37 | 0:37:41 | |
broader issue of its own problems
with Russia? Neither the president | 0:37:41 | 0:37:45 | |
nor his new Secretary of State had
indicated they will take a tougher | 0:37:45 | 0:37:48 | |
line or follow on sanctions voted on
by our own Congress. So this is an | 0:37:48 | 0:37:55 | |
extraordinary development, to have
this play out in the West, the use | 0:37:55 | 0:38:00 | |
of chemical weapons. It will put
extra nerve pressure on the | 0:38:00 | 0:38:03 | |
administration to at least be seen
to say something, if not do | 0:38:03 | 0:38:06 | |
something. Say something, not do
something, that maybe you where the | 0:38:06 | 0:38:11 | |
appear on the issue of Mike Pompeo,
at various points, Rex Tillerson has | 0:38:11 | 0:38:17 | |
acted as a buffer for some of the
President's more radical | 0:38:17 | 0:38:20 | |
foreign-policy on the states. But
Mike Bob -- Mike Pompeo Lisicki will | 0:38:20 | 0:38:24 | |
not play the same role? No, these
are two men and a policy pot. They | 0:38:24 | 0:38:32 | |
think a lot alike on similar issues.
When he was in Congress, he called | 0:38:32 | 0:38:39 | |
for a regime change in Iran, not
just the scrapping of the nuclear | 0:38:39 | 0:38:42 | |
deal. Last summer at the security
forum, he talked quite openly in | 0:38:42 | 0:38:47 | |
front of a group, and I was there,
about the need for a regime change | 0:38:47 | 0:38:52 | |
in North Korea. So it will be very
interesting to see not only him | 0:38:52 | 0:38:58 | |
backing of the president, but what
he suggests after the Iran nuclear | 0:38:58 | 0:39:03 | |
dear -- nuclear deal is scrapped and
made. You have to look at the whole | 0:39:03 | 0:39:09 | |
national security team, and the
president is deftly shaking it up. | 0:39:09 | 0:39:12 | |
The word on the Hill is that HR
McMaster might not be long for that | 0:39:12 | 0:39:18 | |
job, and we don't know yet who will
replace them. But it is obviously | 0:39:18 | 0:39:22 | |
someone who will be in lockstep with
the president. So what do you think | 0:39:22 | 0:39:25 | |
that means? Is it going to isolate
Secretary Matus, the defence | 0:39:25 | 0:39:32 | |
secretary, who has at times been a
break on some of the more hardline | 0:39:32 | 0:39:36 | |
approaches by the president? He was
one of the adults in the room, the | 0:39:36 | 0:39:43 | |
rumours that John Bolton, the former
hardline UN ambassador, is likely to | 0:39:43 | 0:39:49 | |
replace HR McMaster. The striking
thing about this shake-up is that | 0:39:49 | 0:39:51 | |
the president now seems very self
confident about making those | 0:39:51 | 0:39:55 | |
decisions himself. He brought in a
lot of establishment figures to give | 0:39:55 | 0:39:59 | |
him advice, and they warned him
against things like declaring julep | 0:39:59 | 0:40:04 | |
-- Jerusalem the capital of the
Israeli state and moving the US | 0:40:04 | 0:40:10 | |
Embassy there, and when there was
not a reaction in the Arab world, he | 0:40:10 | 0:40:13 | |
felt he was right. So he is feeling
very much that he wants people who | 0:40:13 | 0:40:17 | |
think like him, not wanting to
challenge him or offer alternative | 0:40:17 | 0:40:21 | |
ideas. Thank you very much for
joining us. A lot going on in | 0:40:21 | 0:40:27 | |
Washington and in the White House,
as well as the country. Special | 0:40:27 | 0:40:32 | |
election on Tuesday. | 0:40:32 | 0:40:35 | |
Pennsylvania's 18th Congressional
District was the bellweather | 0:40:35 | 0:40:37 | |
in a bellweather state. | 0:40:37 | 0:40:38 | |
And Democrats are giddy
with excitement today | 0:40:38 | 0:40:39 | |
because they say they have
just taken it. | 0:40:39 | 0:40:41 | |
The special election
on Tuesday became a symbol | 0:40:41 | 0:40:43 | |
of opposition to Donald Trump. | 0:40:43 | 0:40:44 | |
And the reason they are so happy,
is because this district was one | 0:40:44 | 0:40:47 | |
of the most conservative
in the country. | 0:40:47 | 0:40:49 | |
The Democrat Conor Lamb looks
like he has snatched an area | 0:40:49 | 0:40:52 | |
of the country which Trump won
in 2016 by a whopping 20 points. | 0:40:52 | 0:40:58 | |
Mr Lamb's opponent has yet
to concede but Republicans | 0:40:58 | 0:41:01 | |
are calling this a wake up call
for their party as they head | 0:41:01 | 0:41:06 | |
into mid term elections in November. | 0:41:06 | 0:41:08 | |
Here to help us break it
down is Ron Christie, | 0:41:08 | 0:41:10 | |
former advisor to George W Bush. | 0:41:11 | 0:41:15 | |
How do Republicans go in the space
of a year and a bit, from winning a | 0:41:15 | 0:41:21 | |
district in the country by 20 points
to losing it? I will break from | 0:41:21 | 0:41:30 | |
conventional wisdom here and say
this is not that big of a deal. | 0:41:30 | 0:41:33 | |
Connor Lamb ran as trouble light, as
a Democrat. He is pro-life, which | 0:41:33 | 0:41:38 | |
many Democrats are, he said he
opposed Nato policy being the | 0:41:38 | 0:41:42 | |
leader, he came out and supported
President Trump on tariffs. In a | 0:41:42 | 0:41:47 | |
race that many Republicans thought
they might actually lose by five | 0:41:47 | 0:41:49 | |
points, if we lose it by one point,
that is not such a bad deal, but it | 0:41:49 | 0:41:54 | |
is a wake-up call and indicates that
many people are looking at this as | 0:41:54 | 0:41:59 | |
the first referendum on President
Trump. It also suggests that if | 0:41:59 | 0:42:03 | |
Democrats can find candidates who
are matched to the districts, and in | 0:42:03 | 0:42:07 | |
this case, they needed someone who
was conservative, although he is | 0:42:07 | 0:42:11 | |
prounion, prolabor, he has some very
early classic Democratic positions | 0:42:11 | 0:42:15 | |
as well, but if they can find the
right candidates for the district, | 0:42:15 | 0:42:19 | |
they can overturn a 20 point
majority, that is still a pretty | 0:42:19 | 0:42:23 | |
important indication for what
Democrats can do around the country? | 0:42:23 | 0:42:26 | |
No question about that. People I
spoke to earlier this morning, they | 0:42:26 | 0:42:32 | |
are worried, the Democrats only need
23 or 24 seats to flip the House of | 0:42:32 | 0:42:37 | |
Representatives, and we already have
40 -- 30 members who have indicated | 0:42:37 | 0:42:43 | |
they will not run for reelection,
Republicans. Don't let any | 0:42:43 | 0:42:47 | |
Republicans flew by saying this will
be locked up and in the majority | 0:42:47 | 0:42:50 | |
after the November election, there
is lots for them to worry about and | 0:42:50 | 0:42:53 | |
lots of time for the Democrats to
raise the money to be competitive. I | 0:42:53 | 0:42:59 | |
will put my pen down and challenge
Ron Christie's unorthodoxy on the | 0:42:59 | 0:43:05 | |
selection. I get that we lost to by
one point, but they spent $10 | 0:43:05 | 0:43:09 | |
million in this district to a seat
which he will not do it -- be there, | 0:43:09 | 0:43:14 | |
because they will redraw the
electoral map and Pennsylvania. And | 0:43:14 | 0:43:17 | |
now surely, when you are circulating
among friends on the Hill saying | 0:43:17 | 0:43:20 | |
that they will have to spend a lot
of that war chest defending suburban | 0:43:20 | 0:43:24 | |
districts, we would have to defend?
Several astute observations, let me | 0:43:24 | 0:43:30 | |
unpack them for viewers and
listeners. One thing as absolute | 0:43:30 | 0:43:36 | |
certain, to spend $10 million on a
seat at the Pennsylvania legislator | 0:43:36 | 0:43:41 | |
is going to drop out again is a body
blow to Republicans. Now you have | 0:43:41 | 0:43:45 | |
the prospect of not only having to
find another candidate to run in | 0:43:45 | 0:43:49 | |
several months, but that is millions
of dollars that Murphy, the | 0:43:49 | 0:43:53 | |
candidate who was the representative
that left in scandal, he won the | 0:43:53 | 0:43:55 | |
district by 20 plus points. Now we
need to spend more money, get more | 0:43:55 | 0:44:00 | |
candidates, and we should be on the
offence and not defence. And this | 0:44:00 | 0:44:03 | |
will be seen across United States
instantly districts, Republicans | 0:44:03 | 0:44:08 | |
were feeling confident that now
they're looking over their shoulder, | 0:44:08 | 0:44:10 | |
the object in the rear-view mirror
seems a bit closer, and that is a | 0:44:10 | 0:44:15 | |
Democrat winning that seat. Not to
get to technological about this, but | 0:44:15 | 0:44:19 | |
if Connor Lamb scares the goodness
out of the party because he is | 0:44:19 | 0:44:27 | |
conservative, they can also breathe
a sigh of relief to some extent | 0:44:27 | 0:44:29 | |
because he did not have to go
through a Democratic primary | 0:44:29 | 0:44:32 | |
process. So he was not pulled to the
left by ten other Democrats wanting | 0:44:32 | 0:44:34 | |
to win and prove their left wing
liberal bona fides, he could just be | 0:44:34 | 0:44:41 | |
appointed. So they could tailor make
the candidate for the district, they | 0:44:41 | 0:44:44 | |
will not have a Democrat with a
luxury -- luxury with the Democrats | 0:44:44 | 0:44:47 | |
and other races? They will not, and
that is something that gives | 0:44:47 | 0:44:53 | |
Republicans confident that this was
a blip, and aberration. We see the | 0:44:53 | 0:44:59 | |
press trying to receive an pub --
Republicans, but they will have to | 0:44:59 | 0:45:01 | |
run in a very crowded primary,
spending lots of resources. And one | 0:45:01 | 0:45:06 | |
thing important to realise is
incumbent members of Congress do not | 0:45:06 | 0:45:10 | |
like supporting candidates in a
jumbled primary, so these folks will | 0:45:10 | 0:45:13 | |
have to battle it out on the own and
raise money on their own until they | 0:45:13 | 0:45:16 | |
become the eventual Democratic
nominee. To a Republican in many | 0:45:16 | 0:45:19 | |
cases that is running unopposed in
the primary. Thank you. Quickly | 0:45:19 | 0:45:27 | |
before we get onto the next Tory,
there is press this news coming out | 0:45:27 | 0:45:32 | |
of the UN, Nicolet -- Nikki Haley
has said that Russia's crime is | 0:45:32 | 0:45:35 | |
worthy of United Nations Security
Council action, and C but she | 0:45:35 | 0:45:40 | |
actually means by that action. That
is coming out of the UN. | 0:45:40 | 0:45:53 | |
One of those people is Chris Hughes. | 0:45:57 | 0:46:00 | |
What if the solution to income
inequality was very simple, | 0:46:00 | 0:46:03 | |
give poorer people cash? | 0:46:03 | 0:46:04 | |
It's an idea that's
gaining traction. | 0:46:04 | 0:46:05 | |
The gap between rich and poor
is growing throughout the West | 0:46:05 | 0:46:08 | |
as the wealthy make more and more
money from investments. | 0:46:08 | 0:46:10 | |
One of those people is Chris Hughes. | 0:46:10 | 0:46:12 | |
His life was changed when he went
to Harvard and became room mates | 0:46:12 | 0:46:15 | |
with a young man called Mark
Zuckerberg. | 0:46:15 | 0:46:17 | |
Together, they founded Facebook
and made their fortunes. | 0:46:17 | 0:46:19 | |
Now Mr Hughes is working
on a project to redistribute that | 0:46:19 | 0:46:21 | |
wealth, he writes about it
in his new book Fair Shot, | 0:46:21 | 0:46:24 | |
and spoke to me a short
time ago from New York. | 0:46:24 | 0:46:26 | |
I started by asking him how
he made his fortune. | 0:46:26 | 0:46:29 | |
I was one of the co-founders of
Facebook, alongside Mark Zucker | 0:46:29 | 0:46:31 | |
Bernard. We started in 2004, and the
company took off, I was the | 0:46:31 | 0:46:34 | |
nontechnical co-founder responsible
for things like marketing and | 0:46:34 | 0:46:35 | |
product, communications. For three
years worth of work, I ended not | 0:46:35 | 0:46:38 | |
making nearly half $1 billion, which
is indicative of a fundamental | 0:46:38 | 0:46:43 | |
unfairness in the economy, in a
economy that we have created that is | 0:46:43 | 0:46:47 | |
about winner take all economics,
where a small group of people are | 0:46:47 | 0:46:50 | |
getting very fortunate, while
everyone else really struggles to | 0:46:50 | 0:46:55 | |
make ends meet. I think it is
historically without precedent, we | 0:46:55 | 0:46:59 | |
have a responsibility to fix that.
You have become interested in this | 0:46:59 | 0:47:03 | |
issue of income inequality, and you
have come up with a plan to give | 0:47:03 | 0:47:07 | |
people earning under $50,000 a year
$500 a month. Had with the plan | 0:47:07 | 0:47:14 | |
worked, and is it politically
feasible, given we just had a huge | 0:47:14 | 0:47:18 | |
tax cut reform in this country,
which has given the wealthiest | 0:47:18 | 0:47:20 | |
people a tax cut, not an increase,
which is what you are proposing is | 0:47:20 | 0:47:26 | |
blue I think it is feasible because
of that. But let me step back, here | 0:47:26 | 0:47:30 | |
is what we know. The most powerful
way that lift people out of poverty | 0:47:30 | 0:47:35 | |
and stabilise the lives of the
middle-class is through cash. With | 0:47:35 | 0:47:39 | |
no strings attached, we have
enormous programmes and our country | 0:47:39 | 0:47:42 | |
called the earned income tax credit,
which provides tens of billions of | 0:47:42 | 0:47:46 | |
dollars to tens of millions of
families to use that money smartly, | 0:47:46 | 0:47:49 | |
to invest in themselves, kids, their
health outcomes, education outcomes | 0:47:49 | 0:47:55 | |
improve, etc. We know that when you
give people money, they user | 0:47:55 | 0:48:00 | |
smartly. In my view, it also is a
promise for a much more efficient | 0:48:00 | 0:48:06 | |
way to provide economic mobility to
people who need it. So I think if | 0:48:06 | 0:48:10 | |
you are making less than $50,000 in
the United States and you are | 0:48:10 | 0:48:13 | |
working in some way for your family
or community, then a guaranteed | 0:48:13 | 0:48:18 | |
income of $500 a month every single
month is one of the most powerful, | 0:48:18 | 0:48:24 | |
if not the most powerful way to
combat income inequality and | 0:48:24 | 0:48:27 | |
stabilise... The counter argument
would be supporters of the welfare | 0:48:27 | 0:48:33 | |
state saying let's boost the welfare
state. You don't give them access, | 0:48:33 | 0:48:36 | |
you give them better access to
health care and education, so they | 0:48:36 | 0:48:39 | |
don't have to spend so much? That is
the older traditional idea, and the | 0:48:39 | 0:48:45 | |
research base over the past few
decades has suggested something | 0:48:45 | 0:48:49 | |
different. People can be trusted
with cash, and once more, if it is | 0:48:49 | 0:48:54 | |
much more efficient than creating
new government bureaucracy and an | 0:48:54 | 0:48:58 | |
new administration to adopt a
paternalistic system that forces so | 0:48:58 | 0:49:01 | |
many people to go here and there to
qualify for a particular government | 0:49:01 | 0:49:06 | |
-- government benefit. But instead
if we provide people with cash that | 0:49:06 | 0:49:08 | |
they can choose how to spend, what
we know is that they go out and they | 0:49:08 | 0:49:13 | |
work just as much as they work
before, and their kids do better. | 0:49:13 | 0:49:19 | |
Dizzy to the political question, I
think we're in a transitional moment | 0:49:19 | 0:49:24 | |
when we have the opportunity to make
a very different case than the one | 0:49:24 | 0:49:27 | |
that was made by Trump and
congressional Republicans to pass | 0:49:27 | 0:49:30 | |
last year's tax bill. That bill gave
cuts as we know on corporations in | 0:49:30 | 0:49:35 | |
the 1%, but there is an -- another
way. As the movement grows to repeal | 0:49:35 | 0:49:40 | |
and replace, I think a modernisation
of the entered the earned income tax | 0:49:40 | 0:49:44 | |
credit cannot just help the poor,
but also help tens of them -- tens | 0:49:44 | 0:49:49 | |
of millions of American families. I
don't know if you'll be next year, | 0:49:49 | 0:49:53 | |
but I think it will come. You
answered by blood question. Thank | 0:49:53 | 0:49:55 | |
you very much. Thank you for having
me. That is the question, whether | 0:49:55 | 0:50:02 | |
Republicans would be prepared to see
a hike in taxes on the wealthy in | 0:50:02 | 0:50:07 | |
order to give hard cash to people
who are poorer, given that there has | 0:50:07 | 0:50:11 | |
been quite a lot of suspicion among
some Conservatives about what | 0:50:11 | 0:50:15 | |
happens to money when he just handed
over to him at this idea of trust in | 0:50:15 | 0:50:19 | |
people to spend their money well
that Chris Hughes talks about so | 0:50:19 | 0:50:23 | |
clearly, that is something that is
missing from people who are in | 0:50:23 | 0:50:27 | |
control that might have to give
their money away. The problem is | 0:50:27 | 0:50:30 | |
when it goes against the orthodoxy
of any financial ministries, but | 0:50:30 | 0:50:35 | |
when you tax the Ritz -- Rich, when
in France they put a higher tax on | 0:50:35 | 0:50:42 | |
rich people, the wealth left the
country. That is the fear, if you | 0:50:42 | 0:50:45 | |
tax the whip -- Rich people, they
simply disappear, not everyone wants | 0:50:45 | 0:50:48 | |
to be a benefactor, and that is the
problem. Half $1 billion in three | 0:50:48 | 0:50:53 | |
years, we should have done that. We
are in the wrong job, aren't we? | 0:50:53 | 0:50:59 | |
Talking adopt that would be suited
to us, Stephen Hawking had a | 0:50:59 | 0:51:04 | |
singular galaxy sized intellect. | 0:51:04 | 0:51:12 | |
They prove that all matter within a
black hole collapses to a gendered | 0:51:12 | 0:51:17 | |
-- geometric point in space and zero
volume. Nine easy concept airhead | 0:51:17 | 0:51:24 | |
around, but Sir Roger Penrose is
here to suggest -- explain what | 0:51:24 | 0:51:29 | |
happens. In 1965 he came up with
this mathematical theorem on black | 0:51:29 | 0:51:34 | |
holes, and you collaborated with
Stephen Hawking at a time when his | 0:51:34 | 0:51:40 | |
disability was starting to take
over? It was not taking over that | 0:51:40 | 0:51:44 | |
time, it was known that he had it,
but we can still communicate. He was | 0:51:44 | 0:51:48 | |
like a normal person at that time...
Well, normal in that respect. Why | 0:51:48 | 0:51:57 | |
would you collaborate? You obviously
make giant strides on this theory | 0:51:57 | 0:52:01 | |
about black holes, what was it about
Stephen Hawking that made you want | 0:52:01 | 0:52:04 | |
to share? The thing was that the
idea of black holes came about from | 0:52:04 | 0:52:13 | |
spherically symmetrical model
studied in the area, and you know | 0:52:13 | 0:52:16 | |
they have a single point where
densities and everything are | 0:52:16 | 0:52:19 | |
infinite right at the centre. But
everything focuses to that point, is | 0:52:19 | 0:52:23 | |
also surprising. People argue that
-- my theory showed that even if it | 0:52:23 | 0:52:29 | |
was irregular, it would still become
singular, so that was the result. I | 0:52:29 | 0:52:34 | |
did a talk on this, it was in
London, and according to the film, | 0:52:34 | 0:52:42 | |
Stephen got Sparks coming out of his
head, but he was not actually there. | 0:52:42 | 0:52:46 | |
But it's not so far off because I
gave a repeat in Cambridge where he | 0:52:46 | 0:52:52 | |
was. I talked privately with George
Ellis about the techniques that I | 0:52:52 | 0:52:59 | |
was using, and he did something
similar but more general than George | 0:52:59 | 0:53:06 | |
Ellis. Very quickly, he even showed
how you could apply the result that | 0:53:06 | 0:53:12 | |
I have the cosmological situations.
He adopted it very quickly, and we | 0:53:12 | 0:53:18 | |
collaborated on a much more complete
result. I have a question for you, | 0:53:18 | 0:53:24 | |
it is obviously not easy for two
geniuses to work together, but is | 0:53:24 | 0:53:30 | |
not a problem that Christian and I
have. But I can imagine you have two | 0:53:30 | 0:53:34 | |
people of the calibre of you and
Stephen Hawking can have a | 0:53:34 | 0:53:37 | |
competitive relationship. As a
person, what was he like to work | 0:53:37 | 0:53:39 | |
with? You won't believe this, but
the collaboration in detail was done | 0:53:39 | 0:53:45 | |
almost entirely over the telephone.
We got along very well, I don't | 0:53:45 | 0:53:51 | |
think it was competitive in that
respect at all. The thing we did | 0:53:51 | 0:53:55 | |
later was mainly independent. We
proved an extension of what was | 0:53:55 | 0:54:00 | |
known before, and in week
communicated and found we did the | 0:54:00 | 0:54:05 | |
same thing. We wrote a paper
together which we got published in | 0:54:05 | 0:54:09 | |
the Royal Society. Do you miss him?
That was a long time ago, and we | 0:54:09 | 0:54:17 | |
were friends for a long time. And we
parted our ways, we that we | 0:54:17 | 0:54:23 | |
separated, we just got different
views about things. I wish we could | 0:54:23 | 0:54:29 | |
talk longer, but we are always out
of time. We will leave you with some | 0:54:29 | 0:54:33 | |
of Stephen Hawking's more memorable
moments. Goodbye. Theoretical | 0:54:33 | 0:54:44 | |
physics is one of the few fields in
which being disabled is no handicap. | 0:54:44 | 0:54:51 | |
It is all in the mind. | 0:54:51 | 0:54:56 | |
I hope my example will give
encouragement and hope to others in | 0:55:07 | 0:55:10 | |
similar situations. | 0:55:10 | 0:55:20 | |
I hope my example will show
disability can be no barrier. One | 0:55:25 | 0:55:32 | |
can achieve anything if one is
determined enough. | 0:55:32 | 0:55:43 | |
Never give up. | 0:55:46 | 0:55:55 |