17/12/2016 Click - Short Edition

Now, in a short while it'll be time for Newswatch.

The Design Museum in London has moved into a new home,

I have come to see Fear And Love, an exhibition of 11 designers'

reactions to our increasingly complex world.

The most animated star on show has to be an industrial robot arm,

which its owner hopes will present a more friendly face to robotics,

and even maybe help us empathise with mechanoids of the future.

It senses where you are and comes bounding over to see you,

but if it gets bored, it will turn its attention

It is a bit like an excitable puppy, actually.

Who knows, installations like this may help to allay our fears

of being around giant machines like this.

I have to say, it will still be a while before I trust this thing

That said, computers are increasingly being used

There is plenty of research into how artificial intelligence can help

doctors to better look after patients.

Jen has been taking a look at some of the latest developments.

Around the world, hospitals are facing a backlog of patients,

ageing populations and a shortage of specialist staff.

Some hospitals are teaming up with artificial intelligence

research teams to see if there are ways that high-tech

solutions can supplement or even enhance healthcare in the face

Its health minister says they will need more than 30,000

new nurses before 2020, and completely rethink the way it

So when the CEO of one of its largest private hospital

networks approached IBM's Watson team, they came up with a pilot

project to try to help nurses working with the most

This is the intensive care unit at Mount Elizabeth Novena Hospital.

It's where four beds are conducted to IBM's artificially

Collecting all the vital signs from the patients in the beds,

it gives the nurses a more complete picture of who needs the most care.

In one of the first trials of its kind in the world,

the AI is constantly monitoring output and making connections

on a vast range of data, including a commonly used scale.

Higher scores correspond to a higher incidence of death,

and it is particularly important in the first 24

This patient has four alarms, so if you don't see anything

flashing here, it means it has been acknowledged already.

One of the patients in the ward is at the high end of the alert,

and nurses can quickly access the information in real-time

and look at patterns in their vital signs to see if they are at greater

Here in the UK, it's the help AI could provide in imaging

between the NHS and Google's DeepMind.

The UK's Royal College of Radiologists says 99%

of hospitals are struggling to keep up with demand,

and the UK has the third lowest numbers of specialists who can

The large amount of data is overwhelming a health service

If you can use algorithms or machine learning or artificial intelligence

to set an alert for you, to trigger to say something has

happened, you need to go and see this, this is urgent and you need

to deal with it, in the next hour or so when you may have not

I think it will improve quality of care and actually improve equity

One of the first areas where the NHS is testing artificial intelligence

is at Moorfields, one of the busiest eye hospitals in the world.

DeepMind is applying the same machine learning technology

behind its winning AlphaGo computer programme.

It beat the world's best human player by computing tens

of thousands of positions per second.

We started DeepMind to develop general-purpose learning algorithms

and use those tools and systems to make the world a better place.

It was obvious to us a few years ago that there is a massive opportunity

to deliver really meaningful and proved benefits to many patients

and people across the world using our sort of techniques

to try to improve the way we diagnose and treat patients

The Moorfields Hospital research is using scans from this OCT,

or optical coherence tomography machine,

which creates a 3-dimensional retinal image.

It is used to diagnose diseases like age-related macular

degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy, two leading causes

DeepMind is trying to develop a computer algorithm

which will identify scans of concern.

OCT scans were chosen because of the high rate

of information included in them and the way

they can be broken down into pixels showing areas

I was particularly attracted to speaking to DeepMind

because I thought their algorithms would have the best ability to deal

with 3-D imaging of an extremely high resolution form,

This is such a delicate area of the eye that any sort

of disruption of the normal architecture has really amazingly

So I believe health career could be at a pivotal moment in history

where these advances in technology, such as artificial intelligence,

will fundamentally change the way medicine is practised,

If you think about it, the best humans in the world

will have seen only a fraction of the number of cases that we can

Imagine that we took all of the cases that

many of the top ophthalmologists in the world have seen themselves,

Now the algorithm can sample from all of the case studies

that our various different humans have seen, and try to deliver a much

higher standard, more consistently, when making a diagnosis.

All these projects are still in the research or pilot stage,

but it's fascinating to see how artificial intelligence

could transform healthcare and perhaps lead to faster

Meanwhile, back here at the Design Museum in London,

some of the most beautiful 3D printing I think I've ever seen.

These are one artist's suggestion about how we might revive

the ancient culture of making death masks.

I wouldn't mind one because it would make me look like I was in the film

Next, we're going to ask - what would happen if you scaled that

What if you were to let it loose on our homes,

The buildings around us don't look the way they do by accident.

The design, the shape and the structure are

all the result of the mix between the desire of designers,

what we need the buildings to do and the practical limitations

of the materials and building techniques we've discovered.

This is very much the age of concrete, steel and glass.

But with new technology and techniques, what could the next

The building industry is still in 19th century technology.

It hasn't really evolved like other disciplines and if you look now

at the speed at which cities are growing, so many people

are moving to the cities, but our technology

Industrial scale 3D printing has already been put to use to print

full-scale buildings, like this housing project in China.

But researchers are now turning to computers to not just create

This is a prototype column that's been 3D printed here at the school

of architecture at the University College London.

We basically use a computer and use algorithms to generate

They may look very alien and strange, but actually

So these forms attempt to save material and become more

efficient, but at the same time they produce a sort of aesthetic

that is very appealing to us as architects and that really

doesn't look what a normal building any more.

Normal 3D printing creates objects by building up thousands

of very thin layers, which you can imagine takes

The idea here, though, is to save time by printing just

what you need, which means rather than printing

flat layers, instead built with shapes, like pyramids.

The software they've created can take this a step further,

by figuring out which bits are structurally

essential and then getting rid of the rest.

Before computers we had to build by hand, right?

And now we can create algorithms that make these

calculations for us, but that doesn't mean that we don't

design, we just optimise the process more and we can create things

that we couldn't ever think of before.

3D printing will allow architecture to be much more detailed,

much more fine, and also much more efficient.

Like, if you can 3D print exactly the material that you need

in a specific part of the building, it will make it perform

Before these new techniques can be put to use, they first need to be

Case in point, this MX3D Bridge project aims to 3D print a usable

steel bridge right in the centre of Amsterdam.

Created using similar generative algorithms,

the project has been held up while the company proves

to regulators that the design is structurally sound.

The actual bridge now isn't slated to appear until next year.

Techniques like these certainly promise to spice up our city's

skylines, but it could still be a while before we see 3D printers

That was it for the short edition of Click at the design Museum. You can

catch up on our player. Next time, it is the Click Christmas party. Be

prepared for anything. Plus a look at our best bits third 2016. Follow

us any time on Twitter. Thank you for watching ours. See you soon.