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an omission that they have avoided paying tax in the past. You can join

me for more news at the top of the hour. It is time to click now.

This week we bring you the impossible things. The pain, and the

anaesthetic. Think 3-D printing and you might

think of weird trinkets like these. But did you know that 3-D printing

can also be done on one of these. Welcome to Autodesk. Is a company

known for computer design and 3-D graphic software. But here in San

Francisco, it is home to the creative workshop. The place where

researchers and artists are invited to test the software on 3-D printers

of all shapes and sizes. From conventional printers to giant five

axis machine. All faithfully reproducing the models as they

appear on screen. A resolution of the latest 3-D printers is now high

enough to produce some really intricate models. In fact, it is so

high, that if you want, print a record. It does not sound brilliant,

but the bombs and cruise give a recognisable sound -- the bumps and

grooves. One of the artists is recreating artefacts that have been

destroyed by the so-called Islamic State. Because she has not been able

to 3-D scanned them, she has had to use reference photographs to build

within 3-D modelling software. She was an artefact that was outside the

museum that was destroyed. It was life-size and way bigger than this.

Why did you feel that you wanted to do this? As an artist I'm interested

in ways in which you can work with historians and archaeologists and

how 3-D printers can go beyond just beyond the technical tool and think

about 3-D printing as a tool for archiving. You can think about as a

personal, political and poetic and emotional ways. Some serious and

some not so serious. What is universally amazing to me is the

materials that one can 3-D printed in these days. Your good wall

sculpture anyone? Some 3-D printers can print in different materials in

the same run and that has opened up even more possibilities. If you

would asked me half-an-hour if you could 3-D print a system of moving

parts all in one go I would have said no. Europe to 3-D print the

individual parts. But this is a 3-D printed system of moving parts. It

came out of a machine like this. It gets washed away as it comes out of

the printer. It allows the parts to move independently which is

seriously cool. Some of these moving objects could not be manufactured in

any other way. Try building these impossible keys within two years and

you will see the problem. It is things that cannot be made in other

ways. Picture and -- an engine block. That could not be cast that

way. But you could 3-D printed. We 3-D print a lot of prototypes. That

is another great addition of 3-D printing. Maybe it will change over

time and will have to be cast in every way that you do it. Every year

that you grow they need a new prosthetic. Those are the Times we

see it to be the most groundbreaking. Is printers here

have been made especially. They are able to do things in micron level

detail. They don't just create little beautiful things like this.

They are capable of printing things much more important. They have been

fighting out more in the wet lab just down there. Imagine a future

where instead of taking bones out of your body for a transplant, you

could build your own new bones with the help of a 3-D printer. This is a

company that uses software and 3-D fabrication to bring this idea

closer to reality. In a series of relatively simple steps. Hersi they

take a CT scan that needs the bone replacement -- firstly. A crater

scaffold of bone tissue from a cow that has been stripped of all of its

cellular material. Than a small sample of stem cells is taken from

the fact tissue. The structure is housed in a buyer reactor where it

grows for three weeks -- bio. You could have your own living bone. We

ask how we can get the cells to live inside here? We engineered a system

that goes around it and you can see that there is space for a scaffold

to live inside of it. Each buyer reactor that we engineer is

perfectly matched to each of these different shapes that you would have

here. We cultivate the bone inside of you with sales and deliver the

growth factors and the environmental conditioning that the cells need to

then turn that into bone -- cells. With approval, it could be implanted

into clinical trials into humans in the next couple of years and

commercially available next few years. The focus now is on small

bones for facial reconstruction but could one day move to more, located

bones. Could you actually grow bones is somebody lost a limb? If you

think into the far field where this is going just growing bones. During

my Ph.D. We a groin muscle and heart tissue. When you think about a limb

you think about the different parts involved -- we were growing muscle.

What do they need in those environments, it is it difficult to

medic that in a lab. It is moving towards being able to grow pieces of

tissue in the same place. But you can imagine for a limb it gets

exponentially more difficult. But you can see the world moving in that

way. 3-D printing sounds absolutely incredible when applied to

specialist areas like that. But I can't help wondering whether in the

home, at least, it will ever be more than a curiosity. A novelty being

out to knock up a few items and then never used again. It changes as

technology changes. With spoken about that as we speak about the new

materials being involved. At professional and there is research

that is paying off already. That trickles down into the consumer

stuff and I think there will be that materials for people to use it. As

we have been saying it is a tool and a platform to make things. All that

happened for a 20 dollar machine that sits on my dining room table? I

do not know. Is really about how this will affect things are larger

level to the things I touch every day in my life. And they don't just

make stuff that humans design. The software can create things that we

might never have thought of. What is this? If you look at this bicycle,

these are things that you have seen before, except for this. A resident

was looking to design a different type of bike stem. It takes the

information that the design gives it an nose has it take to wake of a

bike rider's hands but then it figures that everything in between

sleep and optimise the strength, wait and that you will use it. It

figures out a form that is unlike with anybody else would ever come up

with because it is a computer. In theory you could do a better job the

humans design is because it is doing the maths -- big mathematics. We

have people working on all kinds of interesting problems. With that jet

flying over it will use less fuel. This is the kind of place that runs

on creativity where residents are encouraged to push the software to

the limits with seemingly crazy ideas. And that seems to be the

reason that one employee has built this machine. The sole purpose of

which is to brew the perfect Manhattan cocktail. Cheers. While

Spain in -- what the input joy is a well-deserved drink. Twitter has

gone down with people being unable to express themselves in 40

characters of less. If only there was another method to communicate

with one another. It is definitely not going to be friends reunited

which this week died a very quiet death. It also gave us a new level

of doom from the original designer. And space X successfully delivered

an ocean monitoring satellite to all but. The landing, however, did not

go so well. It was also the week that a drone managed to land on the

roof of a moving car on its's own. -- it's. It follows a moving target

and decide precisely when two touchdown. In this case, on a moving

car fitted with a net travelling at almost 50 mph. That is not the only

thing the drugs had been up to this week. Students at the University of

Oslo has set a new Guinness book world record for the heaviest

payload lifted by a remote controlled multi- copter. It

successfully carried weight of over 61 kg. The students hope that soon

they will be able to strap a person onto it. Have you ever watched a

game of American football? It is brutal. The impact that the players

experience are frightening. In fact, recently some people have been

calling for the sport to be banned because of the head injuries that

the players can suffer. We have been checking out some of the research

that is designed to detect early signs of these injuries and make the

sport, generally, safer. Weights or you get down here and you will

realise how hard these players hit each other. It is relentless all the

way through the game. They may be playing the ten or 15 years in their

career, but the research is really warning about what is happening to

these players. The facts are quite horrifying. Almost a quarter of

professional football players are expected to develop Alzheimer's.

That is double compared to the general population. But shocking

discovery is the subject of concussion, a new film starring Will

Smith. Repetitive head trauma chokes the brain. He discovers the real

damage caused to American football is -- footballers. After intense

pressure, and the multimillion dollar lawsuits, the league is

finally starting to take the threat seriously. Is down here were all the

players medical staff and players are keeping an eye on the action. In

a small room up there there are two experts with my Nokia is watching to

see if there is a possible head injury. If they spot in the looks

troubling, that player has to be removed whether they like it or

not. It is here at Stanford University were some groundbreaking

technology is being tested. A project funded by the Department of

defence aims to detect when a player is concussed almost immediately.

After a heated ahead of brain get scrambled and we can't pay

attention. That is the keeper around the. Had you measure the tension? We

use eye tracking as a method of how the. Had you measure the tension? We

use eye tracking as a method of much you pay attention. Is part of the

protocol to assess athletes for possible concussion and reuse the

eye tracking. We use it on the sideline because it is great it is

you can value people right away. This is an Oculus Rift basically

with cameras inside of it that can track and follow the quality of eye

movements that we're seeing right from the sidelines. What we do is we

have them place it over their face like this and they should be able to

see the red dot which is the beginning of the test and we are

looking for nice fluid tracing of that circle. As you can see, it is

not fluid, it is slightly abnormal and this is in line with what you

see with someone with mild impairment. Players are faster and

bigger but we have to focus on protective gear. We need to get away

from the helmet designed into more of a helmet torso and neck design of

technology. The issue shows no signs of going away and it is hoped a

research like this. The sport -- will prevent the sport gambling with

the lives of its players. The 49ers are the biggest players here and a

few have ever wondered what technology goes into a massive

stadium like this, we've been taking a tour -- the biggest team here. It

is game day at Levi's Stadium, home to is the 49ers and host of the

Super Bowl this year. Fans come for the excitement of live football but

they often experience crowds. But here technology helps fans handle

the hassles at one of the most wired arenas in the US. We certainly need

the capability to have 70,000 people on their phones at the same time in

a small space. At the supercharged Stadium 400 miles of cable are

distributed to boost cell coverage, Wi-Fi hots pots, charging stations

and an Internet pipe, a first for stadiums. The stadium also has its

own free app. I know the fastest way to get my parking zone, and once I

am here, I know which date to go into to get to my seat the fastest.

The ticket sensors help manage crowd flow. We look at all the things that

happened come all kinds of data points, where you scan your ticket,

which date, which helped us move our staff and make sure that the gates

are adequately staffed up by traffic is also monitored. We use drone

video technology or parking scans to see how people are getting to the

game. We're making real-time changes based on video footage we are seeing

postgame. If you ask me, the feature that makes the app worthwhile is

delivery to your seat. Place an order and ten minutes later, someone

brings it to you. Similar apps do exist but ordering food has never

been so easy. Or haps to easy. That's for me. Thank you. Yes

please. For visitors, a convenience, for 49ers, a data GoldMine --

perhaps. We have really been able to understand point of our information

like hot dogs, we know how many we sell and when and we can make

changes depending on the event. Another fan favourite is

wayfinding. 1700 Bluetooth begins enable the app to offer turn by turn

directions back to your parking space, the closest snack stand or

even the toilet. Pro tip, check along the lines are beforehand happy

these people oversee everything from food and beverage menus to instant

replays. This fellow right here is keeping a close eye on the game.

When play begins, he hits a start on his android tablet and when it is

over he hits end and that appears on the app 's puppy while some users

complained that it is slow and a battery killer, the app does save

you from waiting and having to leave your seat. And isn't that why you

came to the game? It is nearly time to leave San Francisco but before we

go, I wanted to find out more about something I have heard being touted

as the secret of success here. This is our conference room. Wow. Michael

works for Math Crunch, a startup but I'm not here to find out what he

does, I am here to find out about something he says makes him work

harder, think clearer and possibly beat the other startups to that

billion-dollar deal. For me, it is all about doing whatever I need to

do to do what I do everyday. To say, I am young, I'm 26 and we have this

awesome product and we want to bring it to the whole world. I need

whatever advantage I can get. TUC this kind of thing as the advantage

-- do you see? Yes. Someone sent it to me as a present year ago, a

friend and I tried it once or twice. Next thing I knew, I was

ordering more. It is cheaper than coffee, it is a dollar a pill and

that is what I was looking for. Something that is more affordable

and leaves me less shaky, just confident and comfortable. Welcome

to the world of new -- stuff you can take to improve your cognitive

functions. The idea has been around since the 70s but it is no surprise

that here, in high-performing Silicon Valley, is seeing a

resurgence. I'm off to meet the guys at the startup which surprised

supplies totally legal and totally regulated substances -- supplies.

What do you think? I think it is going to be sweet, but it isn't, it

taste like coffee. It's not candy, it's a performance product. So what

is going to happen to me when I have some of these? Think of an espresso

drink, you get that kick of energy, but you also get that sense of

focus. How long should the state to work? In 30- 45 minutes, you'll

start feeling a little bit zippy and a lot more focused. So you have

other products here. Dare I ask what this does? This is our daily

supplement. It is some can you take chronically everyday. Compounds have

been shown to increase memory capacity, it increases your

resilience to stress and antifatigue properties. The thing that worries

me is, although these are all regulated and perfectly legal, we're

looking at the culture here where people need these, they feel they

need them in order to perform. You suddenly have people who are

psychologically addicted to these kind of products because they're

convinced they work? Sure. And in this day and age there is going to

be demand for them, other paths to get ahead, let's offer it in a way

that is responsible and safe. How do you offer these responsibly and

safely? We have the best active forms of different compounds. When

we first started the business, a lot of the vendors out there weren't

following the strictest FDA regulations around the types of

compounds they were putting into products, or the safety

manufacturing processes. We want to do this right from the first stop

light I may have felt a little bit of a buzz but I'm going to take them

away to do a longer-term test. I certainly noticed an improvement in

my table tennis skills straight afterwards, although that might have

just been a special effect. That is it from San Francisco. A fine trip.

I have to learn how those pills are working out in the next few weeks.

Plenty of fun and backstage pictures on Twitter and we will see you back

in London. The weather is making headlines

in the north-east of the US. But as far as our neck of

the woods is concerned it is quiet.