Great Balls of Fire Click

Now on BBC News, it's time for Click.

This week: Regenerating keys. Unusual vegetation. And goodness

gracious, Great Balls of Fire! -- teeth.

Energy. As our demand for it grows, the world is faced with a challenge.

When we burn coal, the energy that has been stored inside for millions

of years is released, to power our cities and machines. But so, of

course, is all the bad stuff that is polluting and changing our

environment. Countries have met and agreed to reduce carbon emissions

and invest in cleaner energy solutions. We are harnessing more

solar and wind energy than ever. And last month, the UK had its first day

of electricity supply without burning any coal. But green power is

still a long way from taking over from fossil fuels. But what if there

was a clean energy source that could rest release -- release ten times

the energy of fossil fuels, an almost limitless supply they could

keep the planet running for millions of years? Well, it turns out that.

And answer lies in the stars. In the heart of the sun, under intense

pressure and heat, hydrogen atoms change from gas into superhot

plasma, and in this burning soup, beef used together, forming helium,

and releasing amends amounts of energy. This is nuclear fusion. And

this is what scientists have been trying to recreate down here on

earth. -- being fused. We have to do something similar to a star, which

has gravity. To do that, we use magnetic fields. We are talking

about magnetic fields that great more pressure than the water

pressure at the deepest part of the ocean. So you have this huge

pressure trying to compress the plasma, and you need to hold it in

place for a long time as well. To get more energy out. If you can keep

that superhot plasma in place for long enough, the energy released can

keep everything hot, without the need for external power. The fusion

then becomes self sustaining. And that is when the magic happens. And

that is also the hard bit. We are making progress, though. We have

already achieved fusion. And some of the best fusion happens inside

machines called tockermac. This one is just outside Oxford, which turns

out to be a bit of an epicentre for fusion technology. The world's is

just 15 minutes drive up that way. -- tokamak. The problem is you need

to put more energy in then you get out. Which is not ideal. But the

company here is taking a different route. This is the lab of Tokamak

Energy, which is generating relatively small tokamaks. The

designs are being refined. This approach means that the team may be

the first to work out how to produce a net gain of energy. Go on then,

fire it up. That is a fusion reaction! Insight here, we are

generating a gas with electricity flowing through it, and we are going

to fuse atoms together, joined together, and generate fusion

energy. -- inside here. And this is not even fusion, this is just a

warmup for the next age, which is hoped to happen next year. What we

will do is heated up to over 10,000,000 degrees, up towards 100

million degrees. What will that look like? We won't be to keep our face

this close, because it will get damaged! Will have to be further

away, outside a concrete barrier. But it will start to go transparent

as the plasma gets really hot, ten times the coverage of the sun, 100

times the director of the sun. Once they have achieved the temperatures,

they need to keep the plasma in place long enough for it to become

self-sustaining. -- the temperature. This is what the team hopes will

create magnetic fields from hour to do that. Is of thick copper cables,

a strip of superconductor meed of each room barium copper oxide. All

this sounds hopeful, but the joke is that nuclear fusion has always been

30 years away. -- itrium barium. If successful, it means the end of our

reliance on fossil fuels, there is a lot of science to do between and

then. It could be a fantastic source of energy. Likely to be the most

important source of energy in the 22nd century. The point is we need

it now and so we want to make faster progress towards fusion energy.

Well, these guys try and recreate the conditions at the centre of a

star. Let's talk for a few minutes about capturing energy from our son.

Solar energy. It turns out that India is in the grip of a solo gold

rush. Money is pouring into the country to build solar power plants

to try and cater for the skyrocketing demands from about a

billion potential consumers. -- sun. We sent a correspondence to Tamil

Nadu. -- correspondent. Follow the morning sun for two hours out of

Tamil Nadu, and it takes you to a world first. The planet's largest

solar power plant. It is huge. Ten square kilometres of glimmering

glass and electronics, stretching as far as a drone can see. The power

company here through $700 million into building the community plant.

And they did not hang about, up and running in just nine months. But it

is big when it comes to solar power. Or are the Indians just showing off?

The answer might be in the clouds. If you look over there, you can see

there is a gathering storm. This is one of the problems with solar

power. If the rain comes, there is too much cloud and the output is

drastically reduced. But the sheer size of Kamuthi means this is less

of an issue. This is covered in 2500 acres of panels. With cloud, only

five or 10% reductions occur. Normally, we can predict in a year

generation for the maximum of ten months. Only two months there will

be variations. Each of these panels generates 310 watts of energy. 30

watts is enough for a domestic light bulb. 220 for a laptop computer.

They plasma TV screen, that is 330 or 350 watts. There are 2-and-a-half

million these panels. -- these panels at Kamuthi. -- of these

panels. Kamuthi's estimated to make a enough power for three quarters of

a million people. They are squeezing every last drop of energy out of

whatever sun is available. By facial panels even generate power from

light that bounces back from the ground. -- bi-facial. Or snow. Not

that there is much snow in India. Where water is scarce, washing dust

covered panels can be impossible. An Israeli company has developed a

robot that drycleaned the panels so they get a regular dusting. As the

light fades, so does the power generated. Until they have the

batteries to store something like the 648 megawatts Kamuthi producers,

solar in India won't replace dirty coal, be noxious gases from which

pollute the country and the rest of the world. It is certainly getting

cheaper. This week, wholesale prices of solo dropped below coal for the

first time. -- solar. Bids are in to construct a bigger plant then there

is further north in Andhra Pradesh. But until then, Kamuthi, the largest

solar plant on the world, will make the most of its place in the sun.

Hello and welcome to the week in Tak. It was the week that Microsoft

released an urgent software update after discovering a floor in their

operating system. The bug could give hackers accessed by simply sending

an e-mail which did not even need to be opened. A 16-year-old's tweet

about chicken nuggets became the most retweeted ever. And customers

in the UK were told there would be no more roaming charges in European

countries as of next month. Take a look at the solar panels. Kaesler's

solar roof tiles are now available. Look pricey? Well due to the power

harvesting abilities, they are being pitched as cheaper than conventional

tiles. From solar to sonic. A US plane return to earth after two

years in space. But its mission remains top secret. Having landed at

the Kennedy space centre, or the Pentagon declared was that it was

performing risk reduction, experimentation, and concept of

operations development. Intriguing. And finally, Hollywood quality

animation comes to the masses. OK, well not quite. The smart suit pro

tracking system costs a fraction of the pro- Kit. But at 2-and-a-half

million dollars, it could prove gaming changing for many. --

Smartsuit Pro. It is one of the biggest fundraising events of the

year. Lost funds are still being counted, organisers are hopeful the

records from last year's London Marathon will be broken. Online

fundraising platforms play a big role in attracting donations,

pushing causes to users, was also allowing them to donate money were

just a click. Just giving, one of the biggest players, raised just

under ?350 million last year. This is a figure that charities might not

have been to raise without the help of these sites. But these are big

business. JustGiving takes 5% commission. While others, like

GlobalGiving, take up to 15%. They say the fees cover operational

costs and innovations to ultimately But for charities, this commission

is money that is not The majority of our funding comes

from individual fundraisers, for example one of our runners

is currently on ?1500, so the commission

on that is going to be about ?100. And, on the ground, that translates

into care for ten kids that could have received top to toe

checkup, HIV testing, ATV testing. And be insured their

health and well-being. Starfish is a small charity

which helps vulnerable children in South Africa,

who are affected by HIV and poverty, and a lot of its money goes

into running a mobile health clinic. In the UK, the charity Big Kid helps

vulnerable young people in south Both organisations have been

experimenting with Kind Link, a site which promises to give

charities although collected donations and will not

make its money from commissions. I went to meet its founder,

Iskren Kulev, who traded in corporate life and set up

a Home Office, just KindLink didn't start as a company,

KindLink started as an idea to be a social enterprise/charity

that helps charities. For him, it's all

about transparency - he wanted to create a platform

where charities would post updates. The biggest problems

of the charities is how they communicate with their donors

and do the donors trust About 70% of donors say

they would make more if there -- they knew what was happening

with their donation. They have also added a feature

to show people how much money the charity has received and how

much it has spent. How has your background in financial

tech helped you to put this together and also to work the system a bit,

because it is all about making money, it is about making money now

not for businesses but for this. It is always a matter

of negotiation, I would say. I will go firstly through volume

is important, how you present When I know where they can make

a compromise, I can try to come up with a deal which would work

for both of us. See, this is a guy you want

on your side, because he knows how And so far it's proving

successful, with more than 170 How would you improve

on what you are doing on the pitch? For Big Kid, it's been able to spend

more money on its programs, like this one, which trains young

people to be football coaches. It has helped me, definitely,

especially with school Like, in school, I wasn't the good

kid, you understand? So how does Kind Link

cover its costs? Well, instead of taking

commission from donors, it plans to take the

money from businesses. They've developed this platform

for companies to build a profile for themselves, showcasing

the good causes they support And the companies will be

charged a monthly fee. I think it is quite fitting that

Kind Link have set themselves up just across the river

from Canary Wharf, where the financial industry

makes its billions. And I think it takes a certain

kind of person to give all of that up and come over

here and work for charities. What's being created here in this

lab at the University of Nottingham could mean that you will

be making fewer trips They're working on fillings

that heal your teeth! Whilst they can't actually

make a tooth regrow, they aim to encourage the dental

pulp stem cells within the tooth to transition

into a new healthy cell type. Goggles on and time

to talk to one of the lead Can you tell me a bit

about what you are doing here? Yeah, so, we've developed a dental

material technology that has been used to restore components

of a patient's tooth. This is the material we have here,

in its solution form, and once UV light is irradiated

on this solution, it stiffens The substance created is used

in the same way as a conventional filling, but the aim is that it

will interact with the dental pulp beneath to heal it

as well as prevent further rotting. Perfecting the product involves

precision and patience. The materials go through

many stages of testing. Once solidified under

a UV light, it is off Is the idea that it

will heal all the way up to the point of the filling,

so you have a totally The healing process will only occur

if the material is in contact with the cells we screen for,

so we have to place this material in contact with the pulp tissue

and the pulp tissue contains the cell population, the stem cells,

that we are trying to engineer What does this mean for your average

person who goes to have a filling? Potentially, if a person

has severe dental decay and they need a filling,

or if it's severe enough they need a root canal, potentially,

this technology can be used as an intermediate approach,

where we can intervene and reduce the incidence of people

needing root canals. The substance is designed to be used

in a similar way to current fillings and is hoped to be available

within ten years after various And they're not the only

ones experimenting with Kings College have been working

with an Alzheimer's drug, aiming to regenerate stem cells,

something which could be ready even But whilst the wait for what we saw

in Nottingham may seem long, I am told the materials are cheap,

which indicates that if this does becomes a reality,

it will do so for more than just Now, over the last few years,

we've reported from Silicon Valley, as marijuana has gradually been

decriminalised in several The tech companies in the area have

been quick to try and capitalise on changes in the law,

but there have also been some For example, it turns out

there is no reliable way to test whether a driver has

been smoking pot. Well, as we report, nanotechnology

that has previously been used to help detect cancer may now be

used by police officers to help American police officers are facing

a problem with pot as more states How to crack down on

driving while drugged. We asked the Mountain View Police

Department to explain the standard It all depends on whether or not

we can smell something. Federal law still states that smell

alone can allow an officer Pot behaves differently

in the body than alcohol. The difference between you and I

breaking out alcohol is minimal, whereas, in marijuana cases,

it rapidly leaves the body. At the end of an hour,

up to 90% of the marijuana in your system will have

been broken down. The police department hopes

Stanford University can help, scientists there are

working on a 'potaliser' - a device which will detect levels

of THC, the psychoactive You can think of each of those

sensors as a magnet. And when a chemical reaction occurs,

that indicates THC is present, then a magnetic nano particle

causes that magnet to flip It's a lot like a computer hard

drive, where you have zeros and ones For us, rather than having

a computer flip it from zero to one, we have a biochemical reaction flip

it from zero to one. The potaliser tests saliva

collected with a swab. It can send results

to a mobile device. This is the first attempt

at turning the technology In a year's time, the scientists

want it to be easy enough to use I stop you, you blow

into the machine within 15 to 20 minutes of the stop and it

tells me your nanogram level right 45 minutes later,

get your blood drawn, At least I have the original,

at the time when my car stopped, And that will help in

the prosecution later on. Ultimately, researchers want

the potalizer to work faster, cost less and it

should work on people. Because Stanford receives

US government funding, it must comply with federal drug

laws, so potalizer is yet The researchers hope it can edge

out competing devices, like the THC-detecting breathalyser

from Hound Labs. Marijuana use may rise

as loser laws take effect, but the right tool could help

police the streets safe. Just before we go, a little tease

about next week's clip, -- Click, which is going

to be rather epic! In the meantime, follow us

on Twitter, and like us on Facebook, You can see loads of extra content

on the Facebook page Thanks for watching

and we will see you soon. Showers or longer spells of rain

were the mark of the day on Friday