12/09/2011 GMT with George Alagiah


12/09/2011

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The question that just won't go away - is Greece strong enough to

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repay its debts? Banking shares continue to drop across Europe as

:00:20.:00:29.
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investors fear some may have too Good afternoon, I'm Zeinab Badawi.

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In GMT today: More than 100 people are killed in Kenya after a Fire

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breaks out in a pipeline in the capital Nairobi. Britain's David

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Cameron in Russia five years after the two fell out over the murder of

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a Kremlin critic in London. Is he putting commercial interests above

:00:58.:01:01.

all else? And, as one of Colonel Gaddafi's

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sons is found in neighbouring Niger, we talk to NATO's Secretary-General

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about its continuing role in the Libya conflict.

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Welcome. It's 12.30 here in London. It's 7.30am in Washington and

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1.30pm in Europe's major financial centres where mounting concerns

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that Greece will be unable to repay its debts have sent shares tumbling.

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Banking stocks have been hit particularly hard, despite repeated

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assurances from politicians that the eurozone is doing all it can to

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avoid any country defaulting on its debt.

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In London, shares in banks dropped sharply at one point as investors

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digested the impact of new recommendations on banking reform.

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Our World Affairs Correspondent, Humphrey Hawksley, has more.

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This week's run on the markets began in Asia. A familiar drop now

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as Europe searches for political leadership in its financial crisis.

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Investors sought sanctuary too in Asian currencies, the yen hitting a

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ten year high against the flailing euro.

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Europe cannot tackle the Greek sovereign debt crisis. This means

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Greece will go down the way of ordinary default and bankruptcy.

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That is the unthinkable. Protests continue in Greece as

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fears spread that a default on its debt might become inevitable.

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How to match the anger of its citizens against the demands to

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have its lenders. If it were only Greece, there might

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be a straighter way out, but Portugal, Spain and Ireland and

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others are vulnerable. Europe's markets opened and Asia's

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gloom spread there. Divisions within the European

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Central Bank, no clear signal from G7 Finance Ministers at the weekend,

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too much uncertainty for too long. Let's talk some more about this, we

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are joined from Central London by Charlie Parker, Investment Editor

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of City Wire. Let's look at the worries for the markets. First of

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all, the banks, this concern that a lot of them, particularly French

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banks, are just too exposed to Greek debt? That's it. I think

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Greek debt is seen as the thin end of the wedge. There are all the

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deliberations around Greece and it causes investors to say, if they

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can't resolve the crisis in Greece, how will they cope if it really

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does come to a serious crisis in one of the bigger markets like

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Italy and Spain. Those markets are only being held away from crisis.

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The cost of their borrowing is only being held away from crisis levels

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because the European Central Bank's gobbling up the debt and keeping

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the market away from that scenario. Diviss in the European Central Bank,

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a lack of leadership politically all causes uncertainty and worry --

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divisions in the European Central Bank. The banking business is a

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global one. We have seen major recommendations for reform in

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British banking and so how do they fit in in all these pictures? Is

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that creating more uncertainty or providing reassurance?

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proposals we have seen today were well leaked. The commission hasn't

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shocked markets sothere was a bit of a movement as it was digested

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but nothing too radical. It fit into a global framework which is

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trying to sure up banks to a level of confidence in the financial

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system more Jonly. Of course, the events in Europe are so serious

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that we worry about the sort of financial equivalent of a nuclear

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event, something like the Italian bun market hitting a crisis. Could

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a crisis like that be avoided? Maybe but not necessarily. Banks

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around the world need to have enough capital to keep going.

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Thank you very much. Now a look at the other stories making headlines:

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Many people are reported to have been killed in Kenya after an

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explosion in a fuel pipeline in the capital nay owe by. Local police

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say more than 100 people have died and some are being treated for

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burns -- Nairobi. The pipeline runs between the

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centre of Nairobi and the airport. A short time ago, we got this

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update. We have been able to establish that fuel leaked into the

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open sewers from the nearby oil depot. As residents were trying to

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siphon the fuel out of the sewer, somebody lit a cigarette and this

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spread across the slum, residents' homes were burnt, people were said

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to be scattering all over to save them.

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Now, the Australian Prime Minister, Julia Gillard, says she'll revive

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her plan to send asylum seekers to Malaysia, despite the Australian

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High Court ruling it illegal. She says she will amend the legislation

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to meet the court's objections. Under the scheme, up to 800 asylum

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seekers would be processed in Malaysia.

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In India, more than a million people have been displaced and at

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least 16 killed by flooding in Orissa. Heavy rains submerged more

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than 2,500 villages. Several rivers overflowed, blocking access to key

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road links. A court in South Africa has ruled

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that a song calling for white farmers to be shot constitutes what

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it termed hate speech. The song was performed by the youth leader of

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the African National Congress Julius Malema who said it was a

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legacy against the fight of apartheid. The only hockey player

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who initially survived last week's Russian plane crash has died of his

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injuries in hospital. Alexander Galimov was one of those not killed

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instantly in the crash but suffered severe burns to 90% of his body.

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Let's stay in Russia. That's where the British Prime Minister, David

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Cameron, is visiting. He's been having talks in Moscow with

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President Dmitry Medvedev on the first such visit by a British Prime

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Minister since 2006. Mr Cameron is trying to mend relations after a

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rift oaf the murder of a Russian dissident in London in 2006.

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Speaking at a joint press conference earlier, Mr Cameron says

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the UK and Russia share many interests and challenges.

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If we can build a stronger relationship, I believe both our

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countries will gain. Of course, it's no secret that there are

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difficult issues where we differ. We can't protend these don't exist.

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We must continue to have frank discussions about them, as we have

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had today. At the same time, without wishing these issues away,

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it's right to rebuild a more effective relationship on those

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things that are vital to the safety and well-being of people in Russia

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and in Britain. I'm pleased the President and I

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have agreed to strengthen our cooperation in a number of areas.

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First on our commercial relationship, we 'greeed on the

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need to increase trade and investment between Britain and

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Russia and on the partnership we signed to support modernisation,

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it's good for Britain to grow our economy to other parts of the world

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like Russia. Britain is strong in the financial and business services

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and sectoral expertise that a diverse economy needs. We are

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announcing �2 15 million worth of new commercial deals, creating 500

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jobs back home and safeguarding thousands more. From engineering

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companies working on the new Moscow companies providing cutting edge

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technology for the Moscow planetarium. David Cameron talking

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in the past hour. Joining us now is Konstantin Eggert, the

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International Affairs commentator for The local radio station. When

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we look at relations, do bilateral relations between these two

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countries matter very much? I think they do. First of all, because the

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Russian political tradition is very much focused on bilateral, rather

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than multi-lateral ties even with Europe Russia prefers to deal on a

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case by case basis with favourite countries or not so much favourite

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countries. Britain's one of the top investors in Russia. It's not for

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nothing that the President, the CEO of BP was in Moscow together with

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Prime Minister Cameron, so it's also important. I think there are

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still big respects for the UK for its role in global politics, its

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ability to punch above its weight in global affairs. That is

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important too. We shouldn't felt that anything between 300 and

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400,000 people are coming from the former Soviet Union, mostly

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actually from Russia, residing in the UK now. That also creates a web

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of connections. How aware are the Russians that, as

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David Cameron arrives in Moscow, ringing in his ears are the

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criticisms here that he is sacrificing human interest concerns

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and putting commercial and economic links ahead of those?

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Well, that's how the specially state-controlled television here

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will spin it, that is interests prevail over values, that's going

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to be the main thing. I think that there is more nuance of the British

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position. I've had a lack of speaking to William Hague this

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morning and he said emphatically in his view the relationship or the

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relation link between human rights and investors' rights is pretty

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strong so I don't think it goes away that much. But let's face it,

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it's nothing that new. There was a desire to mend fences between

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Moscow and London for quite some time and it was just really

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resolutely approached by the current government now. When you

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look at the body language between David Cameron and Dmitry Medvedev,

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very warm, they joked about the fact that David Cameron was

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approached to become a member of the KGB some years ago. Does this

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matter? Vladimir Putin is the man that David Cameron might have to do

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business with if he elected President next year? That is a

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possibility. I do think that, especially in view of the British

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business interests, that is one of the sort of very clear aspects of

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this visit. With regard to the body language, I would be interested to

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see what would be the body language between David Cameron and Vladimir

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Putin. Their meeting should start any minute now, as far as I

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understand. I think Medvedev and Cameron have a good link. They've

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met each other a few times before, so it wasn't really a meeting of

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strangers. Konstantin Eggert, on a clear sunny

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day there in Moscow, thank you very much.

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Still to come here on GMT: With an ageing population, the Chinese

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government faces growing call fos change its controversial one child

:12:19.:12:24.

policy. Calls for a change to its

:12:24.:12:27.

controversial one child policy. Lots happening on the markets in

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reaction to all the banking news. Let's talk more about that with

:12:34.:12:40.

Aaron Heslehurst. Let's break this down a bit and look at the British

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banking are forms, John Vickers reforms. I'll show you the markets

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in a second, but what we and the markets are looking at are probably

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one of the most radical shake-ups of British banking probably

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certainly in a generation. This is all about getting the taxpayer off

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the hook and safeguarding the system against another financial

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crisis. A lot of recommendations in this 363-page report, things like

:13:06.:13:10.

making more competition, but the number one main recommendation was

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splitting these banks, splitting the investment, risky side of the

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bank away from the retail side that we all use. John Vickers, the Head

:13:21.:13:25.

of the report highlights why that is so important, ringfencing the UK

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banking system. Let's have a listen. It would help insulate vital UK

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retail banking services from global financial shocks. That's

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particularly important for us in the UK, given the way that major UK

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banks combine retail banking, high street banking, with global

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wholesale and investment banking. There you go. It's all about trying

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to safeguard against another crisis, but even if this goes into law,

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it's still not going to come into effect until 2019, it's a long time

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down the line. I was putting the cart before the horse a moment ago.

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Shall we pull it around now?! Let me show you about the banking

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stocks. Now you have told us about the cause, let's see the markets.

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They've been teetering back and fofrpblt some experts -- back-and-

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forth. Some experts have been saying this is not a bad thing

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because it makes it more transparent. As an investor, you

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want to know where the risks lie. That's what this will do. But you

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can't have tough regulations in one country without being a global

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regulation, so it's a global business. So will that happen -

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this is what one expert had to say. If it does go into law, make it

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will spark off similar conversations amongst other

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regulators around the world. One reason why maybe we are not seeing

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a overreaction, maybe there might be a bit of short-term pain if the

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banks have to implement these things, ultimately the hope is they

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can look at it and it's a lot more transparent and they can see where

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the risks are, rather than everything all being piled into the

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one bank. Investors like this for We want to hear from you and know

:15:18.:15:28.
:15:28.:15:31.

what do you think about our programme. Go to our website.

:15:31.:15:38.

This is GMT from BBC World news. The headlines: Concerns over

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spreading eurozone debt have strip good falls on stock markets across

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Europe. Scores of people have been killed

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after a fire broke out in a fuel pipeline in the Kenyan capital of

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Nairobi. Turkey has become an increasingly

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assertive play in the Middle East. Its Prime Minister, Recep Tayyip

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Erdogan, is beginning a tour of the three Arab countries that have

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overthrown their leaders this year, Egypt, Tunisia and Libya. There was

:16:09.:16:15.

speculation he would travel to Gaza but that plan has been shelved.

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Let's talk about the implications of this visit. Let's go to

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Washington and talk to a Turkish affairs analyst. His turkey trying

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to play an increasingly assertive role in the Middle East and people

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are talking about reviving its old Ottoman ambitions? I don't think it

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has got anything to do with an Ottoman ambition. Turkey has found

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itself at a unique conjunctiva. And it is awareness it makes some

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engagements in its neighbourhood it will lose out. But Recep Tayyip

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Erdogan arrives at an unsettled time in Egypt, where you have seen

:16:57.:17:01.

the mood against Israel hardening with the attacks on the Israeli

:17:01.:17:06.

embassy in Cairo. Recep Tayyip Erdogan has expelled the Israeli

:17:06.:17:11.

ambassador from Ankara over his refusal to apologise over the raid

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on Gaza last year in which nine activists were killed. Do you see

:17:16.:17:20.

that mood hardening towards Israel and what would be the impact of VAT

:17:20.:17:26.

by Turkey? If you look at the reaction Turkey has given to Israel

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since 2080 when the relationship between two countries started been

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strained. It has been measured, even though public statements can

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come across as irrational or emotive. Recep Tayyip Erdogan's

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decision not to go to Gaza reflects the fact that what turkey wants is

:17:44.:17:48.

not an out of control tension with Israel, Turkey has a genuine

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grievance against Israel in the sense that it still demands an

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apology from Israel over the murder of nine Turkish students. One of

:17:58.:18:03.

the reasons the Prime Minister did not push through with the cars idea

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is the domestic context in Egypt. This visit is not necessarily a

:18:08.:18:13.

reaction against Israel but it is a long-term plans initiative by the

:18:14.:18:19.

Prime Minister's office. They want Tonga strikers with Egypt, Tunisia

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and Libya and this demonstrates the primary focus on Turkish foreign

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policy engagements in Africa and the Middle East is about strategic

:18:30.:18:35.

relationships, not necessarily seeking to create conflict in the

:18:35.:18:40.

region. His turkey quite content it with the Arab spring and the

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toppling of dictators? Is it concerned this may bring in some

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instability and if so, does it have any role to play in trying to

:18:49.:18:53.

maintain stability in the region? Turkey has been quite positive

:18:53.:18:57.

about their allotments in North Africa. It has opened a lot of new

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possibilities for Turkey to engage with the emerging actors and

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improve its power in the region. I think the question of what will

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happen next in Syria has been the most precarious and concerning one

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for Turkey. It shares a border with the country and everything that

:19:17.:19:21.

happens in Syria house domestic implications for Turkey. But Turkey

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has followed a democracy promoting and optimistic engagement towards

:19:28.:19:34.

the social changes in the region. It won it a lot of brownie points

:19:34.:19:42.

in the crowds in the region. One of Colonel Gaddafi's songs is

:19:42.:19:47.

being escorted to the couple of Niger, Niamey at the crossing the

:19:47.:19:55.

border from Libya. One of the authorities say a convoy carrying

:19:55.:19:59.

Saadi and other Libyans was intercepted by troops. In Libya,

:19:59.:20:04.

rebels are closing in on two Colonel Gaddafi's strongholds at

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Bani Walid and Sirte were pockets of resistance are continuing. For

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more on those developments and the role NATO is claimed, let's go to

:20:15.:20:20.

our central London studio and talk to the NATO Secretary-General,

:20:20.:20:23.

Anders Fogh Rasmussen. You said the mission wouldn't be

:20:23.:20:27.

accomplished well there was still a threat to Libyan civilians by Pro

:20:28.:20:32.

Gaddafi forces. Therefore, what is the role you are playing in these

:20:32.:20:36.

battles for control of Bani Walid and Sirte? Are you giving cover for

:20:36.:20:40.

the forces of the National Transitional Council?

:20:40.:20:45.

We are playing exactly the same role as we have done throughout

:20:45.:20:49.

this operations. And that is to protect civilians against any

:20:49.:20:55.

attacks and we have seen that it remnants of the Gaddafi regime

:20:55.:20:58.

still constitute a threat to civilians, and this is the reason

:20:59.:21:04.

why we still conduct operation. effective are those operations?

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When you look at the town of Bani Walid where there have been street

:21:09.:21:13.

to street battles, lots of civilians in that area. It is

:21:13.:21:19.

limited, what NATO can do to help the anti-EC forces, isn't it?

:21:19.:21:25.

are there to protect civilians and during the last 72 hours we have

:21:25.:21:32.

carried out quite a number of operations, including air strikes

:21:32.:21:39.

and we have hit quite a number of military targets. So, we have done

:21:39.:21:44.

a lot and we will continue these operations as long as necessary.

:21:44.:21:49.

you feel the Libyan operation is in its final stages and pretty soon we

:21:49.:21:58.

will see a victory? I think we are in the final phase now. It is our

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intention to terminate the operation as soon as the situation

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allows. But, we have also clearly stated we are prepared to continue

:22:08.:22:14.

as long as a threat still exists. What constitutes a victory in

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NATO's definition? The catcher, surrender or killing of Colonel

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Gaddafi himself? How would you define it? -- capture. I have

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distressed neither Gaddafi, his family or any individuals who are

:22:31.:22:39.

targets of the NATO operation. -- to stress. We have to decide on a

:22:39.:22:42.

possible termination of operation and a number of factors would be

:22:42.:22:47.

including, primarily of course the capacity of the National

:22:47.:22:53.

Transitional Council to protect the civilian popularity. -- population.

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That is key in the mandate we have got from the United Nations.

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have now seen Saadi Gaddafi crossing into Niger. To what extent

:23:05.:23:08.

can NATO carry out surveillance operations of these convoys

:23:08.:23:13.

crossing borders to try to ensure Colonel Gaddafi himself does not

:23:13.:23:17.

slip in like that. Because he is wanted by the International

:23:17.:23:20.

Criminal Court. Although you are not targeting him, can you help

:23:20.:23:25.

find him? It is not part of our mandate, it is not part of our

:23:25.:23:30.

operation. We will continue operation on exactly the same basis

:23:30.:23:36.

as previously, to protect the civilian population against attack.

:23:36.:23:40.

Sono surveillance information about the convoys moving out of the

:23:40.:23:44.

country? We are continuing surveillance operations with the

:23:44.:23:49.

aim to support our operations to protect civilians. Anders Fogh

:23:49.:23:55.

Rasmussen, thanks for joining us. It has been more than 30 years

:23:55.:23:59.

since China first introduced its one-child policy. That has kept

:23:59.:24:04.

population growth checked, but there have been serious

:24:04.:24:07.

consequences that of putting pressure on the authorities to

:24:07.:24:13.

relax that policy. As we report from the southern China city of

:24:13.:24:18.

Guangzhou. Guangzhou is the capital of China's

:24:18.:24:21.

manufacturing heartlands. It is the engine of the country's remarkable

:24:21.:24:26.

growth. There are fears the economy could stalled because of a shortage

:24:26.:24:32.

of workers. They have been public calls for changes to be made to the

:24:32.:24:36.

country's one-child policy. Officials want to reconfigure

:24:36.:24:42.

Chinese society so it runs more smoothly in the future.

:24:42.:24:47.

The one-child policy began a generation ago. It was designed to

:24:47.:24:53.

prevent overcrowding. Most children born in the city's have not got

:24:53.:25:03.
:25:03.:25:03.

siblings, but they do have more opportunities. This child get her

:25:03.:25:06.

mother's for attention, but she says she would benefit from having

:25:06.:25:13.

a brother or sister. TRANSLATION: She is on her own so

:25:13.:25:16.

she is lonely and selfish. I think it would be good for her to have a

:25:16.:25:21.

playmate. It would be good for her to develop and socialise with other

:25:21.:25:27.

people. She worries about her daughter's future. As an only child

:25:27.:25:30.

she will have to care for her parents and grandparents when she

:25:30.:25:35.

grows up. It is a problem facing the entire country. Chinese society

:25:36.:25:41.

is rapidly ageing. The growing costs of social care are being met

:25:41.:25:48.

by a shrinking number of workers. But for now, China's one-child

:25:48.:25:52.

generation are enjoying personal freedoms and prosperity denied to

:25:52.:25:58.

their parents. Tan Li Ying has just got married and wants to start a

:25:58.:26:05.

family. But she says one child will be enough.

:26:05.:26:08.

TRANSLATION: There are already too many people in China and if you

:26:08.:26:11.

have more than one child, you cannot guarantee they will get the

:26:11.:26:16.

best opportunities. But her friend believes the policy

:26:16.:26:19.

must change. TRANSLATION: People want more

:26:19.:26:25.

choice. China may be a country where the

:26:25.:26:31.

authorities have the final say, but they have created a generation that

:26:31.:26:37.

is less willing to follow the party line.

:26:37.:26:41.

And that's all from this edition, but before we go, let's bring you a

:26:41.:26:46.

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