19/04/2013 Newsnight

police operation and locked down in Boston tonight. The prime suspect in

the Boston bombing and the killing of a police officer has shocked the

nation and his family. I say, if you are alive, turn yourself in. And ask

for forgiveness. Who are the brothers? The now dead name-mac-bee

and the still at large, name-mac. We have been asking ourselves whether

it was home-grown or foreign inspired, but the answer may well be

both. Also tonight, and an economic boom for Mongolia as they set out to

tap their economic world -- economic wealth. Are they about to become one

of the wealthiest countries in the world? It is a vast body of copper,

gold and silver. They say it is the size of the island of Manhattan.

Good evening. It has been a day of huge drama in Boston but still the

19-year-old suspect in the Boston Marathon bombings has evaded the

Lancs -- the ranks of law officers swarming the city. His brother and

accomplice died following a fire fight with police. Scattered family

members have contributed to a picture of the suspected bombers. An

uncle in Maryland has called them losers and called his surviving

nephew, a medical student, to give themselves up. An aunt in Toronto

said the older brother had recently become a devout Muslim. The father

in Dagestan said his sons were set up. This report on the dramatic

operation still unfolding. Ladies and gentlemen, back-up,

back-up. We are being ordered back. A city in lockdown. 1 million people

trapped inside a combat zone. We are asking you to stay home, stay

indoors. We asking businesses not to open. Move back around the corner.

Move now, please. Up to 10,000 officers, heavily armed. In their

sights, two suspects, one no dead, one still on the run. It was late

last night when the two men finally broke cover. 19-year-old Dzhokhar

Tsarnaev, caught on camera in a 711 shopping Cambridge, near the

Massachusetts Institute of Technology campus. He and his

brother, Tamerlan, were apparently trying to rob it. Police were

alerted to a disturbance. First on the scene, 26 old police officer,

Sean Collier. He was shot several times and died in his vehicle. To

make their getaway, the two men carjacked at the driver of a

Mercedes. Keeping him with him -- with them in the car for half an

hour before releasing him unharmed at a gas station in Cambridge. The

police gave chase. Following the Mercedes into Watertown. Police say

that they were fired at and explosive devices were thrown at

them from the car. After midnight, there is more gunfire. More bombs

are thrown. Tamerlan Tsarnaev is captured, critically injured. He

died later in hospital, while his brother, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, escaped.

Our immediate concern is for those people in the neighbourhood up

there. We have an active search going on by tactical teams to locate

and apprehend this particular individual. He should be considered

armed and dangerous. It is a threat to anybody that might -- he is a

threat to anybody that might score -- might approach and some use

extreme caution and stay in your homes. So they stayed inside and

this is what they saw. This is our garaged right now. -- our garage.

What the hell? And they were not necessarily safe in their homes.

I've heard someone empty -- something enter my room. I've found

at my desk a bullet had gone through my wall. It had gone through the

calendar and the back of my chair, and whenever my head would have

been, the bullet came to rest at the foot of my bed. Quickly, a picture

emerged of the brothers. Both ethnic Chechens who arrived in the United

States ten years ago. Tamerlan Tsarnaev was a boxer. In an

interview with Boston University Magazine, he said he aspired to

fight for the US Olympic boxing team. Yet he also said that he did

not have any American friends. He said I don't understand them. On

Russia 's equivalent of Facebook, the younger brother described his

worldview as Islam, and asked to identify the main thing in his

life, he answered, career and money. What did not become any clear online

was what was motivating the two men, a mystery to their father even.

TRANSLATION: I have confidence in my children. In their innocence. I do

not know what happened and how this came about, only that God Almighty

and the person that did it know what really happened. The Almighty will

punish them for that. In middle and, an uncle was less forgiving. I say,

if you are alive, turn yourself in. And Aske for forgiveness from the

victims and the injured and from those who are left, ask forgiveness.

He has brought shame on our family. He has brought shame on the entire

Chechen ethnicity. It is now approaching 20 hours since the

manhunt began. But still they do not have their man. Dzhokhar Tsarnaev

remains at large, and many in the city Art, Taoist. -- are

traumatised. You do not know what is going on. Something is happening in

my community, on my street, but did not know what it was. When I've

found out, I cannot talk any more. Tonight, details emerged about the

family. An aunt in Toronto claimed that Tamerlan had a Christian wife

and a young daughter, that had recently become more devout as a

Muslim. Our diplomatic editor has just

returned from Boston. How has it come to this? We have one dead prime

suspect and the other on the run. An extraordinary end to the trauma at

the beginning of the week. What was apparent throughout the week was the

incredible pressure the authorities were under to show some signs of

regress. Also, we had amateur sleuthing going on, people being put

in the frame on Twitter, and none of those images turned out to be these

brothers. But there was a stampede to try and out who was responsible.

Having done so, they may well have triggered this final Rampage, by

indicating to the brothers that their identities would be out there

very soon, and that they might as well is -- they might as well start

if they wanted a final killing spree. And on the -- and an enviable

dilemma. We know that a double amputee told them what he looked

like. A description.But to put names to them would have taken

longer. Tell me what do you think. Possible radicalisation.

Essentially, the boys are of Chechen origin. Both university students but

the older brother locked -- dropped out. Both very clever. It is

curious. It is Columbine meets jihad. We hear about the realisation

of the older brother, Tamerlan, and we have seen the comments that he

made in the piece to the newspaper report. He does not understand

Americans. Alienation commie dropped out of college. Some of these have

more in common with the traditional trajectory of some of these people

who have gone in killing sprees in the United States more recently and

we know that there was that element of radical Islam playing in his

life. And where does this leave President Obama? And his relations

with Russia? The authorities in the region of Chechnya have been quick

to say it is nothing to do with them. From the point of view of the

Kremlin, you would like to say that they knew nothing about this in

advance and these people were essentially Americans, having been

there for years. Intentionally, it offers an opening. If the US wishes

to use it, to get closer to the government of Vladimir Putin. The

issue of elaboration of terrorism has been a thing which

intermittently has allowed them to minimise differences over the past

12 years and emphasise commonality of purpose. For now, thank you. If

anything develops, we will come back to you. Daisy Khan is the Executive

Director of the American Society for Muslim Advancement which tries to

foster good relationships between Muslims and other communities. That

Leonard is a Professor at the Kennedy School of Government at

Harvard University and joins us from Boston. Residents there are being

urged to stay indoors. Professor Leonard, you are right next to

Watertown. Tell me, the atmosphere, the mood of the people you have been

talking today? It is a very sombre mood. It has been a tough week and

it is a tough day today. You should know that things in Boston are not

completely out of sorts. It is important to understand that the

actual lockdown in Boston is over a very wide area, on a voluntary

basis. The reasons for that is to reduce the demand for services from

police and to allow them to have freedom of movement. The actual area

that is affected is relatively small. I am right on the edge of

that area right now. In a sense, you made a stand is today because after

we -- it is Patriots' Day today and he went out. -- you went out.

Today is a special day in Massachusetts. I live in one of the

towns in which the Revolutionary War began. In the early morning, we go

out for what we call the dawn salute. It is a special ceremony to

celebrate the patriotism of the Minutemen who stood their 200 years

ago and thought for the liberties that we now have. Which is ironic.

It is odd to talk to you about that since it was against the British.

Maybe that was a big mistake. In any case, to do so celebrates patriotism

and the fight of liberty. It is ironic because what you were doing

celebrated freedom. The freedom that everyone has but they do not feel

free today. That is right. We are worried about that issue. In many

ways, this is the nightmare scenario. We have been worried about

this for a long time. People in counterterrorism and crisis

management are worried about the domestic, home-grown terror event.

It is particularly dangerous because it is particularly difficult to

prevent. We are a free and open society and we want to have open

access. We want people to be able to come and go. The worry is that

people who are illegally here and have all the rights that everyone

else has will develop radicalisation and will become, for some reason or

other, motivated and develop the intention to cause harm. In a free

society, they will be able to find the means to do that for a

relatively small-scale event, which is what this was. Let me put this to

Daisy Khan. Do you feel that? of all, we are devastated by this

event. And the loss of life. Here was a beautiful event where all of

humanity came together to celebrate human spirit, and it ends up in a

terrible tragedy. Do you think it will have a wider impact on the

general Muslim community in America? It has already had an impact.

Although the event happened in Boston, we got our share of hateful

calls saying, what are you doing about it? There is a backlash but I

have to say that our law enforcement and federal agencies have exercised

a lot of restraint in the message. I think the general public, although

fearful of what might come in the future, the messaging is very

tempered. That has had a positive effect on the community because we

do not need -- we do not use terms like Islamists. They have not use

terms like jihad S. We have been dealing with the actions of

terrorists. This is the complaint. Of course, it must be disturbing to

talk about these boys, American boys at University, ten years away from

Chechnya. Although with strong links. But they were following, on

YouTube, it radical preacher who preaches some pretty awful things.

Do you go on -- do you go along with the idea that there might have been

some radicalisation relatively recently? Is that possible?

course, this is the action, not the action of a devout Muslim, but of a

twisted psyche. How it got twisted as anybody's guess, but Muslims are

very concerned about these radical websites that have grown from 200 to

2000 now. We have asked the government to shut them down or

tweak them. -- treat them like training grounds. Muslims who wants

to counter this are not allowed to go into these websites, so we want

to do our share of eliminating terrorists from our community, but

we're not allowed to do the job, and How much monitoring is going on do

you think? I completely agree with Daisy Khan about this issue. It's

really important not to think of this as being Islamic in any way.

We don't, first of all, we don't know what the motivations of these

people were yets. We don't know enough about who they were. We have

to be very careful not to be so curious about this specific ef vent

that we assume that all events will be like this. Timothy McHave a was

a Christian. He killed -- McVeigh was a Christian and he killed

people in Oklahoma City 15 years ago. It's how you deal with

radicalism. You deal with it by trying to understand where it's

happening and try to prevent it, try to see people who are becoming

radical aislesed and see them as individuals not as members of a

larger group. The other thing you have to realise is that in a free

excite society we want to have open access. We want to continue to have

events like marathons. Marathons are particularly difficult to

defend. I was in Doha a month ago and talked specifically about this

kind of scenario. Marathon which gathers a lot of people, is a great

celebration, has a high density of people, has a 55-mile perimeter

that's impossible to police all of that all of the time. We are going

to have, continue to have vulnerable events. Part of our

strategy has to be to look for the individuals who are becoming

radicalised and treat them as individuals and to cope with them

and try to prevent. But the other side of it is we have to be

prepared to take a certain level of risk in our ordinary lives because

we don't want to be in lockdown in the way we are today all the time.

That means that we have to borrow from your British traditions

actually of keeping calm and carrying on, as you did during the

Battle of Britain and during the IRA bombings. Thank you both very

much. I'm sorry for the delay on the line from Boston. Thank you.

A deal between the Government of Mongolia and the mining giant Rio

Tinto could transform a country from one of the poorest to one of

the richest per Capita in the world. Mongolia, once thought to be cursed

by being sandwiched between Russia and China is now in a perfect

position to exploit its untapped mineral wealth. Gold, copper,

silver, tungsten and the desert has it all. One it's full little

operational, it will account for a third of the country's GDP, but a

disagreement between the company an the Mongolian government over the

mining revenues threatens the operation.

For millennia, the only people who have managed to eek a living from

the Gobi Desert are nomadic camel herders. Not any more. Soon the

Gobi could be generating a substantial income for every single

Mongolian thanks to this. It's a new copper mine rising up from the

delz ert scrub. It's causing controversy across the country and

not just because of the scale of the operation. This is just the

beginning. Underneath me is one of the largest untapped mineral

reserves in the world. It's a vast body of copper, gold, silver. They

say it is the size of the island of Manhattan. The Anglo-Australian

mining giant Rio Tinto has spent �4 billion on the mine so far and

expects to spend a few billion more to get this place fully operational.

We have... This is a former yak herder who is turned geophys sifts.

He's now vice-president of the mine. He was part of the team that first

discovered the vast deposit. It was very exciting. It became more and

more bigger and bigger. We're talking about 30 million tons of

copper and more than a thousand ton gold. The revenue figures are

pretty striking too. The mine is expected to generate more than �5

billion a year every year for the next 40 or 50 years. One third of

the GDP will be from this mine. Hold on a second, one third of the

entire country's GDP? Yeah.From this one, single mine? But these

are early days. Oyu Tolgoi produced its first copper, this modest mound

of powder, during my visit earlier this year. The prospect of the

profits from this place are already helping power and extraordinary

economic boom in what was, until recently, one of the poorest

countries in the worl. -- world. They've taken down the Statue of

Lenin that used to stand here. For 70 years Mongolia was a rock solid

sal lite of the Soviet Union and the Communist Party that used to

run it was based right here. If you want to see how this country is

changing, just take a look at its new neighbour.

A mall packed with the world's most exclusive and expensive brand names.

Just across the square is other evidence that the Mongolian boom is

not all it seems. They are off. Trading has opened on the Mongolian

Stock Exchange, but this place is not exactly Wall Street. The

Mongolian Stock Exchange is supposed to be driving the nation's

new capitalist economy. It has grown rapidly, but it is still one

of the smallest exchanges in the worldment -- world. This stock

market thing is quite a new thing in the country, but so far, there's

been only exploration, construction and development projects. There

hasn't been yet any production or mining started yet. With the start

of mining, with the start of production of all those, the real

boom will take place. But that boom is desperately needed because of

the deepening poverty elsewhere in Mongolia. It isn't just economics

that's reshaping the country, local people say the climate is changing

too. Mongolia has always suffered the

occasional extreme winter. They call them zuds here. They are

becoming more frequent and they're helping drive a great exodus from

Mongolia's countryside. This migration to the city

represents an incredible change in Mongolian society. They call this

place the Ger district after the traditional round tents the nomads

use. Once the morning smog clears, you get a sense of its real scale.

A quarter of of the entire Mongolian population has given up

its traditional herding lifestyle and set up their gers in this

sprawling shanty town. This story is typical. They were nomadic

herders until disaster struck, a Millions of animals have died in a

series of these zuds over the last few years. For Samma and other

herders, it meant the end of their But they haven't lost touch with

their roots. They've invited me to a concerts of Mongolian folk music

in town. But it is the mineral boom that's

preoccupying some of Mongolia's other musicians. G is a rapper who

is sceptical about the benefits of opening Mongolia to foreign mining

Most Monday goalians would disagree with you. They'd say they -- most

Mongolians would disagree with you. They want the things the resources

can bring. People in the Ger I'm from the Ger district. You are?

Yes. It's my hood. I'm from the Ger district. That may be so, but the

fact is a third of Mongolian families still live below the

poverty line. The shanty towns have no sanitation, no formal

electricity grid and few roads, other than dirt tracks. Just before

the general election last year, politicians bowed to the pressure

to spend, awarding every Mongolian adult a one-off payment worth

hundreds of pounds. What due spend Do you think that's the right way

fortd Government -- government to use -- for the government to use

the money from Mongolia's mineral The payment also made the investors

in Mongolia's mining industry anxious. The money came from

another mine in the Gobi, a vast coal mine. It helped create a cash

crisis that led to a temporary shut down and now, the government has

Mongolia's biggest mine in its sites. It is chilli today, minus 27.

This wedding cake of a building is the Mongolian Parliament and

Presidential Palace and the current government looks set to bow to the

temptation to spend the profits of Mongolia's mineral wealth today.

It's written a couple of hundred million dollars of extra income

from Oyu Tolgoi into this year's budget, income that depends on a

renegotiation of the contract with Rio Tinto, a renegotiation that

hasn't taken place. Where does the new Mongolian

President think that money is going to come from? I think we are now

going to negotiate that. And our government doing that. Is that a

renegotiation of the contract? never said that from our government

and from myself, you know, we never say that re-open or renegotiate.

You say you want hundreds of millions of dollars more from Rio

Tinto. That say change, isn't it? No, no, no. That's not changing the

contract. Of course viewed from Rio Tinto's London headquarters the

perspective is very different. a good project. It's good for

Mongolia. It's good for Rio Tinto. What I need to ensure is that our

shareholders are protected. Certainly we're in discussions with

the government of Mongolia, but importantly, they need to recognise

that this is a major project. It will be 30% of the country's GDP.

Speaking on behalf of Rio Tinto, and in fact commenting on behalf of

other people investing in Mongolia or potentially investing, certainty

is critical when you're bringing on projects of this scale.

implication is clear - when you're investing billions, you don't take

it kindly if the government changes the rules halfway through. Isn't

there a dainker that Mongolia gets a reputation for being -- danger

that Mongolia gets a reputation for being unreliable? You know Mongolia

is not a lawless country. Change Why are you asking the government

not to address those issues? should be no surprise that

Mongolians are demanding a proper account of their giant new mine.

But this is a dangerous game. Mongolia needs partners like Rio

Tinto if it's to exploit its mineral wealth and if it starts to

break contracts and demand extra cash, it may find the big mining

The danger is if the government misjudges its hand, the Mongolian

mineral boom could disappear back into the desert sands.

Tomorrow morning's front pages. Of course everything is dominated by

that search for the prime suspect in the Boston bombings. The Daily

Telegraph - a city in the grip of terror. Then a picture of Margaret

Thatcher's first boyfriend from the dra goon guards. The guardian next.

Police probe brothers' links to Chechnya. Massive manhunt sees the

city in lockdown. The Independent - a series of pictures and swat teams

go door to door in search of suspects.

Boston lockdown in hunts for the bomber says the Financial Times.

Bad day for -- bad week for Osborne at the bottom there.

A different story in the Daily Mail - the news the Duchess of Cambridge

will move in with her mum for six weeks after baby is born, rather

than having a maternity nurse. On the right side, Rolf's lawyers try