08/10/2013 Newsnight

He might have a reputation for noise and bluster, but this news was kept

very quiet indeed. After four years trying to run the English Defence

League, the man who calls himself Tommy Robinson is now suddenly

walking away. He sat between two former Muslim Jihadists to make his

point, that the EDL is becoming too extreme and loud and violent

demonstrations are just not working. I am asking all my supporters who

followed me to put faith in the decision we are making, and follow

in, I don't believe, street protests and the way it is going is the way

in, I don't believe, street protests forward. I believe an opportunity

has to be given to see if this can progress. It can progress to be a

debate, instead of being on the street, can be had an arena that it

is supposed to be had. It was this demonstration in 2009 that changed

everything for Tommy Robinson. Muslim protesters shouted insults as

the royal anningian regiment marched through Luton town centre. Robinson

led a counter demonstration that eventually turned into the EDL. The

group has no normal joining procedures and no membership list.

Its street protests often descend into violence and arrests. But

people who watch the EDL say Robinson is in fact one of its less

extreme members. He has been followed by a camera crew as he was

brought together with modderate Muslims. The vast majority of the

people in this country would want Muslims. The vast majority of the

the burqa banned. In the process of making the film to be broadcast on

the BBC this Ute um he was introduced to the anti-extremist

group the quill yam foundation. They have demonstrated a level of courage

because let's not forget there are elements within the EDL that will be

furious right now. They will consider them traitors. I know that

because there were elements within my movement that considered me a

traitor. The reaction from EDL supporters is

hard to measure at this stage. On internet forums there are plenty of

comments for support for Robinson. Many of disbelief.

In some ways Tommy Robinson is a spokesperson for a number of

regional English Defence Leagues. That, however, is a problem. It is

far easier for the police to contain and to control demonstrations that

the English Defence League has when there is one leader and one group.

Actually if the group fragments and turns into a large number of

smaller, sometimes quite nasty groups, it's going to be far harder

to police. As for Tommy Robinson, there is now talk of leading a new

political group. The question for many is whether that will just be a

watered down version of the English Defence League or it can be

something different, genuinely non-violent and genuinely

non-racist. Tommy Robinson is here. When did you decide that you had to

leave? I decided in February. I spent 18 weeks on Her Majesty's

pleasure and was in solitary confinement and it was the best

thing that happened to me. I had a long time think where I was going

and where the movement was going. When I came out of prison, I see the

organisation, elements of the organisation, fringe elements on the

outskirts had been welcomed back. I had battled to keep racists out of

this movement, and they were invited back and I felt let down by the

people in the organisation that were in positions, the same people

calling me a traitor now, in positions that invited Nazis to

stand with them in the face. It is my face that is up for this. I have

to be true to myself. I despies Nazis and I despies racism. That was

one thing, I had made that decision, I hadn't left. What was the EDL,

what is the EDL if it is not racist. I want to say a personal thank you

to supporters of the English Defence League, because it is become my

life. I see this as a massive step forward in the fight against Islamic

extremism and far-right extremism. The EDL is a collective group of

ordinary people, the majority of people in the movement are ordinary

people with heart felt concerns and they have been branded racists for

four-and-a-half years, everyone has called me a racist. You did say

there should be no more Mosques built in Britain. I said there

should be no more Mosques unless they are regulated like schools are

with Ofsted. We need British born Muslims in control of the Mosques.

What is coming out of this, everyone saying the EDL is being taken over

by Nazis. The first demonstration I didn't go to was Manchester, they

were welcomed back. There was splinter groups gave speeches, so

for me, this is all about being a public face, we have done this for

four years, raised the profile, it has been successful in bringing

things to the forefront. Have you changed your views? I want people to

listen to my views. What people portray my views is not what they

are. I don't hate Muslims. Why do you want to stop Mosques being

built. Unless they are moderated and regulated. Because I believe there

is a problem. We see problems in documentaries and they say that's

not Islam and it is not representative, but there is a

problem. For me, this leaving is about, we are four years in, I see

it as a step forward, I see it as an nechltable progression into what we

were doing and I don't see beneficial doing what we were doing.

Do you think this country is in danger? I have sat in there and

watched the news and we have 2,000 British people fight fighting

al-Sheebab. The biggest threat to this country is Islamist terrorist

extremism. I despies far-right extremism. I have battled through

this organisation to be true and steer it in what me and my cousin

have built it on. You haven't changed your views? No, basically

no-one is listening to what I have said for four-and-a-half years. Our

message has been lost in translation because of the actions of minority.

This is more serious than marching through streets. I have three

beautiful children and I want them to grow up in a safe Britain and the

same, when I met these lads with quill yam, to anyone saying I have

bottled out, when I met this week with a Pakistani girl who is working

within that organisation and they have set up offices in Pakistan

where the Taliban are operating and they are there on the ground

tackling extremism, that is not bottling out. That is putting your

life on the front line to tackle bottling out. That is putting your

extremism. That is what I want to do. I don't want to let these

supporters down, who have meant everything to me and got three

through four years, because a voice has been built for them and that is

what this has become, a voice for working class people. I want to use

the voice in a positive way. Not in a positive way where it is

discriminating against Muslims. I will take this opportunity to say to

Muslim, if anyone has felt fear and intimidation, I apologise for that.

I ask them to listen, that British women and non-Muslim women are

feeling scared. It is about showing people the right way. When I am

asking my supporters, I see this as the right step forward. I see

working with quill yam, working with Muslim reformists and

anti-extremists, I see it as the way to go. I ask them to put faith in

me. This has been the biggest decision of my life. This is the

hardest thing I have had to do. All the things I have wanted to do, this

has been the hardest thing. Are you more optimistic now? I am more

optimistic after meet meeting with quill yam. It is a massive blow to

extremism. I want to be true to my representation. Half my best

friends- I am not willing for demonstrations to go on that I can't

attend and me be the public face. Not so long ago you were saying EDL

till I die. People are saying I have surrendered. I see this as taking

two steps forward. I see this as a massive, massive move forward and a

massive blow to the Islamist ideology in this country. To

overcome the threat, we have to work with must lemmings. Is Do you think

there are too many Muslims in this country? We have to protect our

culture. We have to protect immigration. I want an end to

immigration, Islamic imgroupings, until the problem is solved. You can

carry on building Mosques when they are moderated and regulated. But

there has to be movement on either side. I want what is best for this

country. You can be British and side. I want what is best for this

black and you can be a Muslim British? You can be English and be a

Muslim. The man from Essex, I am from Luton tourngs there is no

difference between us. If Pakistani heritage Muslims, wearing England

tops and proud to embrace the Union Jack, every one of those supporters

would be happy much the way these supporters are judged is so unfair.

I have spent time with them. They are all decent people. There is an

element that I have battled and for me it is about moving forward what I

think is right, at the same time, it is about I am the public face. What

people forget, when they left their top-up and there is a picture of a

mosque with boom on it, that is my face that is being represented with

that. Such strong issues, I am spending all my time fight against

elements in the EDL. Thank you. Coming up Heinz Wolff is figuring

out how to build a Hadron Collider with a golf ball, a torch, and a

pebble. America is still celebrating the

capture at the weekend of Anas al-Libby, the Libyan seized by US

forces on suspicious of terrorist outrages. His presence in the

country is a further sign that more than two years since western

intervention in Libya, it is a far from security and settled state.

Britain played a prominent part in the intervention. Now, our reporter

has returned to eastern Libya where the revolt began and where it was

declared victorious. They fought Guadalajara, now they

are ready to fight the revolutionary government they replaced him with

T Two years ago Britain and other

western powers helped Libyan militias like this win freedom from

tyranny now Britain is being asked to help free the countries from the

militias themselves as they become the new tyrants. The oil that should

fle from this term nail is Libya's main source of wealth. But the

militia have shut the industry down. That is losing the country $130

million a day. Former rebel commanders refuse to return to

civilian life. We were hoping to lay down our weapons and go home but we

realise if we do that now, revolutionaries like us will be

killed on our doorsteps. The revolution has been stolen from us.

Ex Exports won't restart until the east of the country, which has most

of the oil, is allowed to keep most of the revenue for itself. Their

leader, a prisoner under Gaddafi, is holding the country to ransome. Our

numbers are more than 20,000 and growing. People joining from various

ex-army units, police and border patrols. All we want is for everyone

to have their fair share. If the government thinks of attack

attacking us it will lead to a real civil war but we know they don't

have the power to do that. Along the road from the term nail, the remains

of the battle that saved eastern Libya for the rebels two years ago.

Gaddafi's forces were smashed first by French and then by British

missiles as the dictator attempted a counter offensive. In total Britain

spent £212 million on its air campaign in Libya.

Your city was an inspiration to the world as you threw off a dictator

and chose freedom. Now Ben GAZ-24y so dangerous no western official

will set foot here. Two years on from David Cameron's appearance

here, it's clear that gnat toe missiles didn't only depose a

dictator, they helped destroy a state. Before Libyans were terrified

of the police. Now they are terrified by the lack of them.

Gaddafi warned that he would be replaced by tribalism, Islamic

extremism and anarchy. And in large measure he's been proved right. This

police station is one of several here that had been bombed

repeatedly. The attackers unknown. There are almost daily assassination

attempts on military officers or public figures. Flying openly over

parts of the city, the black flag of Jihad. What we have here, we have a

geographical region that is void of the presence of a state. This region

is under the control of extremist radical movements that are either

sympathetic or in full co-operation with Al-Qaeda. This suspected

Al-Qaeda leader is now being intergrated on an American warship

on the med after being snatched by US forces at the weekend from his

on the med after being snatched by car in Tripoli where he was living

legally. These are the kind of recyclable weapons they could get

their hands on. This pile of order Nantes recovered from bunkers has

been secured by a British demining charity but many similar sites, with

serviceable weapons have been taken over by militias, or left open to

looters. We have this particular ammunition storage area, we have

removed up wards of 35 tonnes of explosive content which equates to

probably 70,000 plus individual items of ordnance. If you take this

as a snapshot and times that by 400, that gives you a bit of an estimate

of how big the problem here really is. Libya is now thought to have the

world's largest unsecured arms scabbing pile. Millions of tonnes of

weapons are unaccounted for, including up to 8,000 manpowered

portable missile systems. Even Libya's Prime Minister

acknowledges the scale of the threat. Weapons are being smuggled

from and into Libya by groups which are trying to murder people and

spread terror. The movement of these weapons is also putting our

neighbouring countries at risk. We weapons is also putting our

need international co-operation to stop it. Not all militia are

extremists. These aren't. But there will be no order until they are all

extremists. These aren't. But there forged into a national army. That's

where Libya most needs foreign help. Hundreds of fighters will be sent

for training to Britain and other countries later this year. But it

will be a slow process, partly because militias have supporters

will be a slow process, partly within the government. They are paid

huge sums by the state, even when they oppose it. The extremist

militias understood from the very beginning of the revolution that

their main foe in the future would be a military institution. Thus they

chose to control the Ministry of Defence and the Prime Ministerry and

parliament in order to prevent the creation of a proper army that would

serve the people and the interests of the people. In this home, a

former rebel commander is keeping his weapons safe. His Islamist

militia was driven off the streets by popular protest but he thinks

they will be back. You keep these here all the time? Yes. Sometimes

you may get the impression that people hate the brigades but that's

not completely true. Now a year on there are people who are demanding

our return. The Prime Minister admits his power is very limited. We

are in a state of revolution, so we have no choice. The Libyan state has

no control over the repercussions of the revolution because the state is

weak. Now with no end in sight to the oil blockade, the state is

getting weaker by the day. America's raid on Tripoli may reflect a new

estimation in Washington that the government can't turn the corner,

the failing state could become a failed one. Look at Libya, President

Assad said recently, for a lesson in the results of outside intervention

in a civil war. He would say that of course, but now there may be former

interventionists who would agree. Oliver Miles is the former British

ambassador to Libya and he is here with Rory Stewart. Taking up the

point there, when you look at the state that cannot secure itself,

cannot even protect its own main source of income it is close to a

failed state. I think that is exaggerated. I think it is a long

way from being a failed state. I think that there are real problems,

it is very fragile but considering they had a real revolution only two

years ago and they replace replaced a vile dictatorship, which was

unique in the way it had absolutely flattened all institutions in Libya,

destroyed every institution, including the mosque, including the

army, including the police, there was nothing, so they are build from

nothing, it is a very difficult task. Do you reckon it is a failed

state for close to it? It is close to it. It is a very, very awful

situation. It is not yet a full out civil war. It may be and it is a

terrible thing to say, but it may be better than living under Gaddafi but

it is a terrible situation. It does prove that Gaddafi was possibly

right in saying that a country like that required a very, very strong

tire an cal government. This is what all these people say, it is what

Assad said, what Saddam said, it is the obvious thing to say in the

Middle East. They are right. Certainly when the strong man goes

you have a lot of trouble. The question is what do you do, do you

put up with someone like Assad, because what he is saying at the

moment is I am the man who keeps order. He is maintaining a civil

war. Would you say the same of Mussolini, he ran the place before

Gaddafi, are you saying they need a Mussolini, surely not. When you look

at western interveinings, what Karzai said about Afghanistan, they

are hardly happy Presidents? No they are not, I would was very doubtful

about intervention in Libya, I was against t but I was wrong. Having

been to Libya since the revolution and seen what a happy country it is

compared to the way it was before, I think what we did was right. On that

one, I was struck on the two trips I went to Libya, I went pessimistic, I

turned up the day after Gaddafi had fallen, you can see the groups

deafing, but it was much better -- developing: It is a terrible thing

to say, but it is better than it could have been. It isn't yet an all

out civil war. It still has a hope. It is a very, very worrying

situation, when you have all these vast numbers of untracked weapons.

Sure, that is a very serious problem. It is a problem that may

yet cause very serious trouble not only in Libya but elsewhere. But

that is a different issue from whether it is a failed state. We

need to be realistic about intervention and understand that

with these sorts of interventions we may have to accept this is a

possibility. When we do these things over the next 20 years, people need

to realise there are no good choices. You don't think better not

to do them? Either better not to do them is one view. But what I don't

think is the idea we should be dragged into nation building. This

failed state, Gaddafi didn't have a state himself, he ran is in a

bizarre fashion. There wasn't much of a state to take over. Correct. In

ewapiti for example, when push came to shove they turned to the army.

There is no army to turn to in libbia, there's nothing. The

alternative will look like Algeria, military oppression against

Islamists. That looks very nasty too. Algeria was a civil war in

which hundreds of thousands of people were killed, it went on for

20 years, it is a similar country to labouria. What we are praying for

Libya that it is a leadership that can emerge will avoid that. There's

been this interference with the oil Simplirix which was essentially

because the people who were guarding the oil facilities were not being

paid and they took the law into their own hands, which was a

suicidal thing to do for the country, not for them individually.

But that problem has been partly solved. Similar thing happened with

the water. That has been solved. There are moves in the right

direction. The militias which were controlling the airport and frontier

posts a year ago are no longer doing so. It's now being done centrally.

You have to keep these things in perspective. One of the things the

report mentioned was that now in eastern Libya there is an

assassination attempt almost every day. In Iraq, 1,000 people were

murdered last month and 1,000 people the month before that. Egypt, Syria,

Iraq, Algeria, this is the context in which we need to see what is

happening in Libya. It is a tragic situation but I still feel Gaddafi

had to go. Thank you very much. A woman's right to shoes was the way

one character put it in Sex And The City. There is no question that

shoes in one form or another, high heels or loafers, or cowboy boots

are the fashion obsession of the 21st century. There are still people

living in places like carnes house who remain proud of the pair which

living in places like carnes house has served them for 40 years.

Tamara Mellon, I want to start with Jimmy Choo, you built a spectacular

brand, but your whole business model sounds like it was incredibly

painful. It was very difficult because we had private equity come

into the business and very often their interests are not aligned with

yours. I believe that private equity has turned into something that was

never meant to be. It's become a way for guys to get fees by flipping

companies. So they want to come in and out of a company within two to

three years and for a management team to go through a sale process

every two, three years is just not sustainable. I geese people will be

listening to this and say private equity made you incredibly rich. I

would say I made them incredibly rich. They are not experts in the

luxury business, none of them had been in it before. I think there is

a big misconception about them funding the business. They don't

fund the business. They take debt to buy shares and the company pays the

interest on their debt. In fact it is a burden on the business rather

than a help. Do you think there were gender

assumptions or do you think you were difficult to work with? That is such

an easy comment to make about a woman in business. I have had other

comments like she's just wants to be a celebrity. I don't think we in

this country should be discouraging women entrepreneurs in that way.

this country should be discouraging That is a very sexist slander. It's

not a slander, I am asking you the question, what was it that you think

came from them? I think because they have a fear of women in business and

I think they believe that the only way to work with women is to bully

and control, rather than understand this person's an asset and if we

collaborate we are going to get so much more out of this.

What do you think accounted for the success of Jimmy Choo, was it the

tailormanship, was it the design or was it the branding, the marketing?

It was a combination of everything. I couldn't have done it if I didn't

have the product. Everything always has to come back to the product. The

most important thing for a luxury brand is quality and innovation.

Innovation is a curious word because you found Jimmy Choo by all accounts

who, you said never designed a single shoe. The plan was for Jimmy

to design the collection and I would run the operations of the business.

But it became very clear that Jimmy's technical skill was in, he

was connectically skilled in making a shoe but didn't have the creative

vision to design a collection. Wait! I lost my Khoo. How key do you think

Sex And The City was to that whole brand understanding for Jimmy Choo?

Sex And The City was to that whole That was a big milestone for us. It

was huge, because it turns you into a household name overnight. Being in

a glossy magazine is amazing and it value dates you, but that is the

type of thing that you are just a household name and not all those

people will buy your core product but it leads you into being able to

do fragrance and sunglasses and the aspirational product that people can

buy into. And that programme, your brand, sold the heel as a power tool

for women. It was a you can do anything. The truth is, the heel is

crippling, slow you down, make you precarious, don't give you power,

they give you bunions. I could argue it the other way. I know that I feel

more empowered when I am taller, I can look a man in the eye, and I

like the way it holds my posture. And shoes, high heels should not be

painful. Come on, tell me you have never had an uncomfortable pair? I

have, but most shoe designers are men. This time round I have been

back to the last factory in Italy and worked with the last maker to

back to the last factory in Italy make sure my heels are comfortable,

I don't want to be in pain. The Culture Secretary says she's hoping

to say on Friday what the Government wants to do about regulating the

press. Reported last night the sub-committee of the Privy Council

considering the newspapers own ideas on the subject had Chucked them out

considering the newspapers own ideas much the Government is now ducking

and driving to try to find some form of words which might satisfy

everyone not least Labour and the Liberal Democrats, who thought there

was an agreed cross-party position on the issue. Here is an update on

where we are now. In July 2011 the Leveson Inquiry was

set up into phone hacking and so began a 30-month fight between the

press and politicians. In November 2012 its report said hacking had

wreaked havoc with lives of innocent people. By March 2013 all political

parties supported a royal charter people. By March 2013 all political

for press regulation. By April this would be rejected by all but two of

Britain's 11 national newspapers. The other nine put forward their own

royal charter and since early summer, a small group of cabinet

ministers has been considering it. They wrapped up on Monday. Yesterday

Newsnight revealed that the Cabinet ministers charged with reviewing the

press's charter had rejected it and today following our revelations, the

Culture Secretary came to the House of Commons to make an unscheduled

statement. Yes, the Government would be rejecting the press's charter,

but they had some compromises within it. The committee of the Privy

Council is unable to recommend the press proposal for a royal charter

be granted. Whilst there are areas where it is acceptable it is unable

to comply with some important Leveson principles, having

considered the press charter the committee has identified two

substantive areas, access to arbitration and the editor's code.

Where we could improve what's in the 18th March draft. Newsnight

understands that Tory cabinet ministers on the Privy Council more

mindful of newspapers a concerns pushed for two of their own

overtures to the press, but another significant element revealed today

was that the Tories accepted the eventual charter needs to be agreed

by all three parties and so Labour has to approve everything in order

for the eventual proposal to remain a cross-party one. We believe the

charter should have been submitted for consideration at the Privy

charter should have been submitted Council meeting tomorrow but it will

not be going to that meeting because the Prime Minister has chosen to

delay its submission to the end of this month. We regret this because

there has been nearly a year since Leveson reported and six months

since the House agreed the draft charter. Mr Speaker, there has

already been too much delay. All involved know the victims of phone

hacking are getting fed up with waiting, so the Labour Party now has

to make decisions at a breakneck speed. Newsnight understands they

feel they can wear one Tory compromise but are more concerned by

a second one, over the editors code. All political parties must have

agreed a final draft text by this Friday. If this new charter can't be

agreed by then, then on October 30th the original cross-party charter so

loathed by the press will be rubber-stamped.

With us now is Jacqui Hames, the former police officer who had her

phone hacked and is now a spokesperson for the Hacked Off

campaign, and Roger altogetheron Executive Editor of the Times but is

here as a hummable human being. All over for you guys, isn't it?

Well, I wouldn't talk about one of the most important struggles for a

key aspect of our democracy, freedom of the press as if it is Arsenal

versus Norwich, and I think there is a very, very long way to go. The

industry has made extraordinary concessions. Three days. Three days

before the Privy Council decides whether to accept T there will be a

lot of bargaining over the next few days. I think it won't work. Then we

have to move on to the next step. The idea what the press which is

given so much away, a million pound fines, massive investigatory powers,

is going to accept something that nobody wants. It can't have a

voluntary system of self-regulation. What do you mean nobody wants, you

want it? I think so, the majority of the readers of the Times want T

there was a U Gough poll commissioned by yourselves and your

readers want you to accept the independent regulation that we are

supporting. We completely accept the need to change the nature of

regulation. We have put in place a hole heap of things. We don't want a

stat tribody because that is the end of 300 years of the free press. You

have to accept that. I Don't accept it whatsoever. By proposing your own

own version of the royal charter aren't you accepting that is the

own version of the royal charter mechanism to do this. There are two

choices, one which is compliant with the representations of a judge who

sat down and had a very intensive inquiry and his recommendations are

accepted not only by parliament, all three parties for the first time in

goodness knows how many years have agreed but also by the majority of

the public. Your readership, they want you to be regulated

independently. You know the public's on her side. I question that.

Really? The we have one of the great raucous Viteal presses in the Welsh

world. Which goes around hacking people's phones. Those were shocking

criminal offences and a heap of trials are about to take place. Do

we need more laws. There are laws engulfing the press. You don't want

to have parliament involved. You must admit that. Hacked off doesn't

like the press. What you have to look at is the press charter had

more opportunities within it for politicians to be involved than the

one that Lord Justice Leveson is compliant. You have to actually take

a bit of a calmer view. I know it is passionate, we all feel passionate

about free speech. I would not be sitting here if I thought for one

moment that was in danger. If this particular proposal kills off some

newspapers as the newspaper industry say, it may well local newspapers,

then would that be a good outcome? , don't think that is the case,

clearly there is a revolution going on with technology and news

gathering and output in the way that it is consumed by the public. I

think that is every industry is going through that because of the

world, the electronic world we live in. That is nothing to do with the

fact that the public are sick of being bullied and having this

culture of newspapers taking advantage of their power. You can't

have a voluntary system where the volunteers don't want to volunteer.

I think what will happen is judicial review possibility. I think that you

could go to Europe because we think it is an unjust law and see what

Europe has to say. The idea papers are going to roll over and do

something they don't believe in is unlikely. I would hope we don't. I

would rather do anything than submit to something that is such a brazen

blockage on a great, great institution in Britain. The sad

thing is you need to read the recommendations of Leveson and you

will realise it enshrines free speech. He has had them. One thing

you can guarantee he has read them. The recognition body, whether that

is parliamentary or whether it is set up in the way we would... There

are plenty of safeguards to ensure you would need three-quarters of the

Houses of Parliament to agree to start change changing it. Certainly

that there are more safeguards... Thank you very much. Two October

general areas achieved a triumph today when they were awarded the

Nobel Prize for physics. One was a Belgian, the other is Peter Higgs of

Edinburgh University, the man after the Higgs boson was named.

Dr Heinz Wolff is going to tell us about it, but first here is the man

himself explaining what a Higgs boson is.

The Higgs boson is associated with this field, it is the relation

between waves and particles, electro electromagnetive waves, waves in

this quantity which oz lates up and down that trough. That probably

tells you nothing. So, to assist us is another October general area, Dr

Heinz Wolff, how old are you? 85. You are in sprightly form. Explain

to us what is the Higgs boson. Let me explain something else, I have a

pebble here, and it has a property, a mass, if I throw it at you, you

would get hurt, you get hurt because the speed of the particle and the

mass which conveys the energy. Physicists have tried to get a

unified theory of how mass actually works. The theory was, if there are

three particles which were essentially massless. There was a

gap, like having built a Lego model and there is a hole in it and you

have to find a piece to fill the hole. Peter Higgs, 40 years ago,

operating at a mental level of mathematics and theoretical physics,

said there must be a particle which fits the hole, which conveys a

property of mass to all other particles. People People built huge

pieces of machinery. The Higgs boson particles. People People built huge

was produced. He had thought of it, but it was produced. What is the

golf ball and torch got to do with it? I was just, the torch I brought

because to make particles isn't very difficult, there are particles

coming out of the front of here now. They are don't have mass because

they have frequency. I can't make the other particles. What he had

worked out in his mind turned out 20 decades later to be true. That is a

very considerable achievement. And it's taken billions of pounds and

very considerable achievement. And hundreds of engineers and hundreds

of scientists to construct a machine which was capable of producing the

huge energies which are required to liberate the Higgs boson. There may

be more than one, but people now believe that the theory is very

nearly complete and the physicist can explain by enlarge what matters

are made of and why it has mass. If you think about the Higgs boson, it

isn't the particles, they aren't spheres, but they have a force field

around them. Any other particle which is in that field requires

mass. Therefore can convey energy. That is what it is. Part of the

problem was the difficulty of making it, because it could only be made by

getting two protons, which are particles that do have mass, to

collide in a very large piece of machinery at the speed of light, and

the fragments that come out of this, one of them turned out to be the

Higgs boson. Brilliant, I am almost there, thank you very much.

Tomorrow morning's front pages, almost all of them go with the

accusation that The Guardian has haven'ted a gift to terrorist with

its revelations about surveillance mechanisms. That is about it for

tonight. We will be back tomorrow. Before we go, they are remaking the

famous horror movie Carrie, about a girl who uses her telly Kennetic

powers to exact revenge on her tormentors. A new film-maker has

modified a New York coffee shop and hired actors and cameras among the

modified a New York coffee shop and real customers. This is what

happened. Good night.

Oh my God. You just ruined all of my stuff. It's nap kins, clean it up.

There is coffee inside my computer. Just get away from me.