Browse content similar to 16/10/2013. Check below for episodes and series from the same categories and more!
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Instant messaging. It's fast, it's personal, but how vulnerable does it | :00:10. | :00:14. | |
make young people? Whose responsibility is it to keep | :00:15. | :00:18. | |
teenagers safe - and why do they sext in the first place? I have a | :00:19. | :00:22. | |
girlfriend, a boy friend, you have friends, send a picture of this and | :00:23. | :00:27. | |
that. It is fun and games. The confrontation between a Cabinet | :00:28. | :00:30. | |
Minister and police officers intensifies as it emerges that one | :00:31. | :00:33. | |
of the forces involved had decided at one point there was a case to | :00:34. | :00:35. | |
answer. In Washington, everyone blinks and | :00:36. | :00:41. | |
Government service resumes. How does a supposed model democracy get | :00:42. | :00:46. | |
itself into a mess like this? How will this episode be judged by | :00:47. | :00:52. | |
history? Simon Schama will tell us. And in China, Emily chats with the | :00:53. | :00:57. | |
Chancellor of the Exchequer. You don't do this job to be popular and | :00:58. | :01:02. | |
being Chancellor isn't being a contestant in a popularity contest. | :01:03. | :01:11. | |
The harmless explanation is that it's just the modern equivalent of | :01:12. | :01:14. | |
the old children's game of doctors and nurses. Yet child welfare | :01:15. | :01:16. | |
organisations are increasingly worried by what seems to be a big | :01:17. | :01:20. | |
growth in so-called sexting -the exchange of explicit images. An | :01:21. | :01:25. | |
NSPCC survey seen by Newsnight suggests over half of 13 to | :01:26. | :01:28. | |
18-year-olds may have been asked for explicit images, and four out of ten | :01:29. | :01:32. | |
young people in a small survey for Childline said they had created | :01:33. | :01:40. | |
pictures of that kind. Now there are calls for the possible dangers to be | :01:41. | :01:43. | |
spelled out in sex education classes in schools. Sima Kotecha reports | :01:44. | :01:47. | |
from the Salmon youth centre in South London. | :01:48. | :01:59. | |
Why do people do it? Fun. Simply, you know? Have a girlfriend, have a | :02:00. | :02:07. | |
boyfriend, have friends, send them a picture of this and that, it's all | :02:08. | :02:12. | |
fun and games. For many young people it's flirting, | :02:13. | :02:18. | |
exchanges images and videos through their phones. While sexting may seem | :02:19. | :02:23. | |
quick, easy and fun, it can lead to shame. Within seconds, photos can be | :02:24. | :02:28. | |
transferred to somebody else, and where they end up is out of control. | :02:29. | :02:32. | |
With most phones connected to the internet, a couple of key strokes | :02:33. | :02:37. | |
and they can be posted on social networking sites, accessible to | :02:38. | :02:41. | |
millions. But some of this content that's exchanged this way by young | :02:42. | :02:45. | |
people is sexually explicit, and the consequences can be perilous. | :02:46. | :02:50. | |
ChildLine say the results of its recent survey show that teenagers | :02:51. | :02:58. | |
are taking huge risks. Out of the 450, 13-18-year-olds questioned in | :02:59. | :03:03. | |
August, 60% said they had been asked for sexual images or videos of | :03:04. | :03:09. | |
themselves. 40% admitted to creating graphic material. A quarter of those | :03:10. | :03:13. | |
surveyed said they had sent the content to someone else. 15% said | :03:14. | :03:18. | |
they had sent it to a total stranger. These results show that | :03:19. | :03:24. | |
sexting is increasingly a feature of young adolescent relationships. | :03:25. | :03:29. | |
Whether we like it or not, it is almost becoming the norm, the | :03:30. | :03:33. | |
expectation, that a young person in a relationship should share an | :03:34. | :03:38. | |
explicit image of themselves. I've taken topless pictures on this, the | :03:39. | :03:42. | |
I'm not going to lie... It is illegal to take or have indecent | :03:43. | :03:46. | |
images of anyone under 18, even if they are of the person taking the | :03:47. | :03:51. | |
picture. However, the Association of Chief Police Officers says it is not | :03:52. | :03:55. | |
impossible but highly unlikely that children will be prosecuted for | :03:56. | :04:01. | |
sexting. You don't send it to a random person, that's what some | :04:02. | :04:04. | |
people think. I've had friend who've done it and everything like that, | :04:05. | :04:09. | |
and most of the time it is their girlfriend or boyfriend they are | :04:10. | :04:14. | |
sending it to. I was asked to send pictures, and I said no, I don't | :04:15. | :04:18. | |
agree with it. It is my reputation. I have got to live with the fact of | :04:19. | :04:22. | |
that picture going around, so I refused to do it no matter how peer | :04:23. | :04:28. | |
pressured it was in to doing it. I will hold my hands up, me and this | :04:29. | :04:33. | |
girl had an argument, not about the picture. I got so angry, I was like, | :04:34. | :04:39. | |
what? I went around, I was sending that picture everywhere. It was | :04:40. | :04:47. | |
mean. It was mean. She slapped me. You ruined that girl's reputation | :04:48. | :04:52. | |
throughout the whole school. I apologised and to this day she hates | :04:53. | :04:56. | |
me. That's not the point. Don't do it. That's why it shouldn't be done | :04:57. | :05:00. | |
in the first place, because you are young. Things will happen. You will | :05:01. | :05:03. | |
fall out, have disagreements and that person will react. Easy access | :05:04. | :05:10. | |
to hard core pornography online is said to be fuelling a desire to | :05:11. | :05:15. | |
imitate porn stars. Experts believe that sexting partly stems from | :05:16. | :05:27. | |
exposure to explicit film at a time of sexual experiment and | :05:28. | :05:30. | |
development. This video was produced by CEOP to educate young people | :05:31. | :05:35. | |
about the possible ramifications of producing and exchanging sexual | :05:36. | :05:41. | |
content. What's going on? It says its main concern is about those | :05:42. | :05:46. | |
images getting into the wrong hands. We are very concerned about the | :05:47. | :05:50. | |
potential consequences of sexting, the consequences when images get out | :05:51. | :05:53. | |
of control. One of the figures in today's findings is about 15% of | :05:54. | :05:57. | |
young people who sent images sent them to total strangers. What we are | :05:58. | :06:01. | |
seeing is abusers taking advantage of this and getting images out of | :06:02. | :06:04. | |
young people and then blackmailing them for more by saying, if you | :06:05. | :06:09. | |
don't do more for you, I will send these to family or your friends. | :06:10. | :06:13. | |
Last year the Internet Watch Foundation carried out a snapshot | :06:14. | :06:18. | |
study into sexting. After analysing more than 12,000 self-generated | :06:19. | :06:23. | |
images of teenagers it found that 88% of them were posted on what were | :06:24. | :06:28. | |
called parasite websites, sites created for the sole purpose of | :06:29. | :06:32. | |
exploiting sexual content of young people. Now the IWF is joining | :06:33. | :06:41. | |
forces with ChildLine to help get inappropriate images taken offline. | :06:42. | :06:44. | |
Experts say once the photo is out there it is difficult to eliminate | :06:45. | :06:49. | |
it completely. The IWF simply needs proof that the | :06:50. | :06:55. | |
image is of a young person under 16. With ChildLine's help, if we can get | :06:56. | :06:59. | |
proof from the young person of their age, that's all the IWF feed to take | :07:00. | :07:05. | |
Timmage down. -- take the image down. It is better if the young | :07:06. | :07:09. | |
person hasn't created the image in the terrorist place. The number of | :07:10. | :07:13. | |
young teens who own a smartphone has gone up by 20% over the last year. | :07:14. | :07:18. | |
By the end of this yeerts estimated that more than 90% of teenagers will | :07:19. | :07:22. | |
own a mobile. Using smartphones is their preferred method of accessing | :07:23. | :07:26. | |
the web. All this is driving calls for the Government to do more to | :07:27. | :07:30. | |
educate young people about the potential dangers of self-generated | :07:31. | :07:36. | |
sexual content. Ministers that from next year in England, all children | :07:37. | :07:39. | |
from the age of five will be taught how to stay safe online, as part of | :07:40. | :07:46. | |
the new Itive. T curriculum. But campaigners argue that sexting | :07:47. | :07:49. | |
should be covered in personal, social and health education lessons. | :07:50. | :07:54. | |
Sexting is not an IT issue. It's a relationships issue. What we want | :07:55. | :07:58. | |
and the office of the Children's Commissioner wants is that every | :07:59. | :08:02. | |
school run as comprehensive, thorough relationships and sex | :08:03. | :08:06. | |
education programme. That is a whole school programme, so all staff are | :08:07. | :08:10. | |
aware, whatever they teach or whatever they do, and that the | :08:11. | :08:16. | |
content is relevant and pertinent to children's lives. It must cover | :08:17. | :08:21. | |
things like sexting and use of mobile technology. | :08:22. | :08:29. | |
I think sexting is down to self es teerges especially when it comes to | :08:30. | :08:34. | |
girls. Most girls of my generation do it for attention, to try to find | :08:35. | :08:38. | |
love out of it, but it usually is the wrong way. | :08:39. | :08:43. | |
It is clear that for some young people a sexy snap sent to a | :08:44. | :08:48. | |
boyfriend or girlfriend can have devastating consequences. But Aztec | :08:49. | :08:53. | |
knolly continues to continues to evolve, sending graphic pictures | :08:54. | :08:57. | |
will become easier, raising questions of how and if teenagers | :08:58. | :09:06. | |
can be restricted from sexting. Tim Loughton was Children's Minister | :09:07. | :09:09. | |
in the current Government until last year. Professor Andy Phippen has | :09:10. | :09:12. | |
spent many hours interviewing teenagers about their experiences on | :09:13. | :09:14. | |
the internet. And Phoebe Wakefield is, as her appearance suggests, a | :09:15. | :09:21. | |
teenager. You are representing an entire generation here. Tim | :09:22. | :09:24. | |
Loughton, there are lots of places we could start looking for | :09:25. | :09:28. | |
responsibility to be exercised in this - schools, Government, parents, | :09:29. | :09:32. | |
teenagers themselves. Where do you think we should start? Well, it | :09:33. | :09:36. | |
start at home. The trouble is that we have a generation of parents who | :09:37. | :09:41. | |
are now completely divorced from their own children's technological | :09:42. | :09:45. | |
know how and don't have the confidence to talk about sexual | :09:46. | :09:48. | |
matters, and we rely on schools. What's the answer then? We need to | :09:49. | :09:53. | |
embolden and give confidence to parents. We need to educate parents | :09:54. | :09:57. | |
about how they can communicate with their kids. It is really necessary | :09:58. | :10:00. | |
to do that. We need to make sure that what the schools are teaching | :10:01. | :10:04. | |
our kids in sex education is good quality sex education. So you want | :10:05. | :10:09. | |
part of the core curriculum? Whether it is part of the core curriculum, | :10:10. | :10:14. | |
we need central guidance that makes clear what we should be teaching our | :10:15. | :10:18. | |
kids. And examples of good practice. At the moment it's a postcode | :10:19. | :10:22. | |
lottery. People are taught about the mechanics of sex but not the | :10:23. | :10:26. | |
relationships. It is about the how rather than the when or why not. | :10:27. | :10:31. | |
Andy Phippen is nodding his head vigorously. Good. I think parents | :10:32. | :10:36. | |
are struggling. I've had conversations with parents and with | :10:37. | :10:39. | |
teens and what's clear is there is a gulf. Parents want to do something, | :10:40. | :10:44. | |
teens would love to engage in these discussions sometimes but there is, | :10:45. | :10:49. | |
no way would my child do this, or I couldn't tell my mum or dad if | :10:50. | :10:55. | |
something went wrong. I think schools might play a role in | :10:56. | :10:59. | |
bridging that gulf but it needs to be good quality education. How does | :11:00. | :11:04. | |
it feel to you, Phoebe? Where responsibility lies is what I'm | :11:05. | :11:10. | |
getting at. In my school I'm very lucky that the idea of telling us | :11:11. | :11:14. | |
about sexting, promoting awareness of the issue, discussing the issue | :11:15. | :11:18. | |
is really actually central. It is brought up a lot. We've had | :11:19. | :11:22. | |
assemblies on this, discussions on in that school have organised and I | :11:23. | :11:26. | |
think it has helped a lot. It should be like that in other schools as | :11:27. | :11:30. | |
well. But the real responsibility presumably lies with the people | :11:31. | :11:33. | |
doing the sexting doesn't it? Well, can you really say that 13-year-olds | :11:34. | :11:39. | |
are particularly responsible? Well, to have some awareness of where it | :11:40. | :11:43. | |
might end up might be a sensible thing to inculcate then. Exactly. | :11:44. | :11:48. | |
There needs to be an awareness of chemical weaponses. And instead of | :11:49. | :11:51. | |
like the idea that teenagers who do this are damned and demonised... Do | :11:52. | :11:57. | |
you think they are? Yeah actually I think they are. Why? It is a really | :11:58. | :12:01. | |
big thing, sexting is this incredibly wrong thing, if you do it | :12:02. | :12:05. | |
this will happen to you and this and this and this. It doesn't step | :12:06. | :12:12. | |
sexting, but it makes people more ser up tissuous. I very much agree. | :12:13. | :12:18. | |
I hear a huge amount, I don't want to be idea. I say, would turn to a | :12:19. | :12:25. | |
teacher and they say no, they would clag me off in the staff room. The | :12:26. | :12:30. | |
worse thing you can say to someone in this situation is, you shouldn't | :12:31. | :12:33. | |
have done that should you? That's not going to help anybody. Teens are | :12:34. | :12:39. | |
risk taking by nature. Thinking back to my teenage years, there weren't | :12:40. | :12:47. | |
mobile phones in that day but there was the occasional Politkovskaya | :12:48. | :12:53. | |
Royal Wedding -- the occasional Polaroid at the school. True. These | :12:54. | :12:57. | |
days something gets translated on a mobile phone can be seen by millions | :12:58. | :13:03. | |
of people, it is on the internet in perpetuity. There are consequences. | :13:04. | :13:09. | |
Kids need to know that. There are younger kids, the sex education that | :13:10. | :13:13. | |
Phoebe gets in her school is fantastic... What do you tell your | :13:14. | :13:18. | |
kids? It is usually what my kids tell me. We've got to educate a | :13:19. | :13:23. | |
generation of parents who lack confidence, who feel embarrassed | :13:24. | :13:27. | |
about talking about sex and feel pretty dim. Some schools should be | :13:28. | :13:33. | |
inviting their parents in to talk them through what they are going to | :13:34. | :13:37. | |
be teaching their kids, to get their input, and when they've taught their | :13:38. | :13:41. | |
kids back, invite the parents back in so they can carry that forward to | :13:42. | :13:45. | |
the home and talk about it around the kitchen table in a much more | :13:46. | :13:49. | |
relaxed and grown up way. We don't involve our parents in our schools | :13:50. | :13:53. | |
enough with our kids' education. We expect them to do it all at home. It | :13:54. | :13:56. | |
doesn't happen I'm afraid. Do you think there should be a Government | :13:57. | :14:00. | |
role in that? Of course there's a Government role in this. The | :14:01. | :14:05. | |
syllabus has become too crammed with all sorts of stuff. We know that. | :14:06. | :14:09. | |
This is big-ticket stuff. This is stuff that can really undermine | :14:10. | :14:13. | |
kids. It can drive kids to suicide. We've seen horrendous case there is. | :14:14. | :14:17. | |
It can knock their confidence so they won't perform in the classroom. | :14:18. | :14:21. | |
We need to have a frank discussion about this and the Government needs | :14:22. | :14:28. | |
to set the tone vaern having the laissez faire attitude, which isn't | :14:29. | :14:31. | |
working. Due agree with that? I do. There is an expect nation it will be | :14:32. | :14:36. | |
covered in the home between parents and children, but it is not. What | :14:37. | :14:40. | |
you are talking about isn't sexting, a boy or a girl or two boys and two | :14:41. | :14:46. | |
girls exchanging pictures of their genitals, it is bullying. That's a | :14:47. | :14:51. | |
different proposition altogether isn't it I think con ensual sexting | :14:52. | :15:00. | |
between two teenagers is going to happen. You can't do much to get rid | :15:01. | :15:05. | |
of that. What really is the problem is when it goes wrong, when | :15:06. | :15:10. | |
teenagers are willing to use that as a means of bulge. There needs to be | :15:11. | :15:16. | |
a differentiation between the coerced bullying and the sexting | :15:17. | :15:20. | |
that goes no further. The alarming thing is the people not knowing who | :15:21. | :15:24. | |
the other person on the line is. That's really worrying. That's being | :15:25. | :15:29. | |
used to blackmail them so they have to send more explicit images. That's | :15:30. | :15:35. | |
a huge, hugely bullying issue there. That's what's worrying. Kids should | :15:36. | :15:42. | |
know what they are doing. We need to tell them they've got to have their | :15:43. | :15:46. | |
eyes wide open. We need serious warnings of the consequences. That's | :15:47. | :15:50. | |
where Phoebe is right. Just because you can do it in your bedroom, take | :15:51. | :15:55. | |
a selfie and press a button, doesn't mean that there are no consequences. | :15:56. | :15:59. | |
A lod of people will see it and you don't know who they are. I'm looking | :16:00. | :16:07. | |
-- I'm wondering if we are looking at go old-fashioned moral panic. I | :16:08. | :16:12. | |
don't see an epidemic. I see a lot of awareness of a few people doing | :16:13. | :16:16. | |
it. I do think there is a far wired context. This is about self-esteem, | :16:17. | :16:21. | |
wanting to be felt to be attractive. This is about looking at what your | :16:22. | :16:25. | |
celebrity heroes are doing and emulating what they are doing. I sat | :16:26. | :16:29. | |
with a bunch of girls a while back and we struggled to find a positive | :16:30. | :16:35. | |
female role model. It's a massive cultural mix. Thank you all very | :16:36. | :16:39. | |
much. Coming up: I guess there is an irony | :16:40. | :16:44. | |
seeing a Conservative Chancellor who has slated his opposition for being | :16:45. | :16:48. | |
socialists doing all these deals with the Communists. They are a lot | :16:49. | :16:54. | |
more market orientated this lot than the British Labour Party are at the | :16:55. | :16:59. | |
moment. The confrontation between much of | :17:00. | :17:01. | |
the political class and representatives of the police over | :17:02. | :17:05. | |
who said what to whom at the gates of Downing Street grew today. The | :17:06. | :17:07. | |
Prime Minister insisted that his former Cabinet colleague, Andrew | :17:08. | :17:11. | |
Mitchell, was owed an apology. Then tonight the Independent Police | :17:12. | :17:13. | |
Complaints Commission disclosed that the initial investigation by the | :17:14. | :17:15. | |
police into whether three officers had misrepresented Mr Mitchell | :17:16. | :17:22. | |
concluded they had a case to answer. And then a month later the force | :17:23. | :17:25. | |
concluded they didn't. David Grossman is with me with some bits | :17:26. | :17:32. | |
of relevant paper. Go on. A complicated case. What we are | :17:33. | :17:35. | |
talking about here is not the initial alleged altercation at | :17:36. | :17:38. | |
Downing Street, but meeting that took place a month later in Mr | :17:39. | :17:43. | |
Mitchell's constituency of Sutton Coldfield between himself and three | :17:44. | :17:46. | |
representative of the Police Federation. What was said at that | :17:47. | :17:50. | |
meeting was a matter of dispute. After the meeting the three officers | :17:51. | :17:55. | |
gave one version. Mr Mitchell insisted that something else had | :17:56. | :17:59. | |
happened. The man he was with, the press officer, recorded the | :18:00. | :18:02. | |
conversation and we know precisely what was said. The IPCC, the | :18:03. | :18:05. | |
Independent Police Complaints Commission, believe there was a | :18:06. | :18:08. | |
problem there, asked the force to investigate, the force concerned, | :18:09. | :18:12. | |
west mersia, although three officers from three different forces were | :18:13. | :18:16. | |
involved, West Mercia took the lead and concluded there was no case to | :18:17. | :18:19. | |
answer. The men had done nothing wrong. Skip forward to yesterday, | :18:20. | :18:24. | |
the IPCC, the Independent Police Complaints Commission, another bit | :18:25. | :18:28. | |
of paper there, concluded that that investigation itself was flawed. | :18:29. | :18:31. | |
They didn't like the outcome and said there was a matter of honesty | :18:32. | :18:34. | |
and integrity that should have been looked at. Yesterday, the response | :18:35. | :18:41. | |
of the three forces involved, and the Independent Police Complaints | :18:42. | :18:44. | |
Commission, and the Police and Crime Commissioners, one of whom you are | :18:45. | :18:47. | |
about to speak to, was that actually it was unfair of the IPCC to | :18:48. | :18:51. | |
criticise the investigation, the investigation took place perfectly | :18:52. | :18:55. | |
above board and along proper lines and reached its conclusion in the | :18:56. | :19:02. | |
correct way. Today, the IPCC say actually that's not what happened. | :19:03. | :19:06. | |
Here's a letter that was written to the gentleman you are about to talk | :19:07. | :19:12. | |
to, Ron Ball. The Police and Crime Commissioner for Warwickshire. | :19:13. | :19:38. | |
In short, this is a bombshell in one respect, that the initial | :19:39. | :19:42. | |
investigation, the investigating officer thought these three men had | :19:43. | :19:49. | |
a case to answer for misconduct. Yet somehow the following month, a month | :19:50. | :19:53. | |
later, by the time this has got through the top brass of the three | :19:54. | :19:56. | |
forces, the report said these gentlemen had no case to answer. Now | :19:57. | :20:00. | |
that is a question that politicians are going to be looking at very | :20:01. | :20:04. | |
carefully. Next week all three Chief Constables and a load of other | :20:05. | :20:07. | |
people, including the IPCC, are going to come to Westminster to | :20:08. | :20:11. | |
answer questions from the Home Affairs Select Committee. The Home | :20:12. | :20:13. | |
Affairs Select Committee have asked tonight to see both reports to | :20:14. | :20:16. | |
compare and contrast them. David, thank you. | :20:17. | :20:21. | |
The Chief Constables at the heart of the scandal will appear before the | :20:22. | :20:24. | |
Home Affairs Select Committee next week. They are from West Mercia, | :20:25. | :20:27. | |
Warwickshire and West Midlands Police. Joining me now is the Police | :20:28. | :20:30. | |
and Crime Commissioner for Warwickshire, Ron Ball. You've been | :20:31. | :20:34. | |
made a bit of a fool of haven't you? No, can I just take issue with a | :20:35. | :20:39. | |
couple of things there? You can if you want. The investigation was not | :20:40. | :20:45. | |
carried out by the forces - well, with it was, but it was supervised | :20:46. | :20:50. | |
by the IPCC, so it was a supervised investigation, which is significant. | :20:51. | :20:55. | |
So it was conducted by the police though wasn't it? It was, and the | :20:56. | :21:01. | |
IPCC could have at any time taken that investigation over. Is it not | :21:02. | :21:05. | |
the case that the first report concluded there was a case to answer | :21:06. | :21:08. | |
the second one didn't? That is correct. Is it not also the case - | :21:09. | :21:15. | |
you didn't know that until today? Correct. When but first become aware | :21:16. | :21:23. | |
of this? Is lunchtime today. What are you doing defending your Chief | :21:24. | :21:26. | |
Constable then? You didn't even know what was going on. That again I | :21:27. | :21:30. | |
think is a bit of an oversimplification. I can't, I don't | :21:31. | :21:34. | |
have the resources tore time to conduct this sort of investigation | :21:35. | :21:39. | |
myself. We get it the professionals, the IPCC, so I have every right to | :21:40. | :21:46. | |
expect that the IPCC will conduct a professional investigation. They | :21:47. | :21:49. | |
have said that it was all done professionally. There's a question | :21:50. | :21:54. | |
to answer over the changing, clearly, that's the question I want | :21:55. | :21:58. | |
to address. Is it not only the case that not only did the fist report | :21:59. | :22:03. | |
conclude there was a case to answer, the second one exonerated the men. | :22:04. | :22:08. | |
Is it not the case that the IPCC said, are you sure you want to stick | :22:09. | :22:13. | |
with this? Will you reconsider? Not to my knowledge. That's in their | :22:14. | :22:20. | |
letter. The... They invited them to reconsider their judgment that there | :22:21. | :22:22. | |
was no case to answer. From the letter, in September, it appears as | :22:23. | :22:27. | |
though they had some concerns. They at that point, if they had those | :22:28. | :22:31. | |
concerns, could have taken over the investigation. And they didn't. I | :22:32. | :22:36. | |
think that's a question. With something as significant as this, | :22:37. | :22:40. | |
why were they not conducting the investigation themselves? Has the | :22:41. | :22:43. | |
Chief Constable explained to you what happened? In terms of, when you | :22:44. | :22:49. | |
say what happened... How they could come to two contradictory | :22:50. | :22:52. | |
conclusions and then apparently ignore the request from the IPCC | :22:53. | :22:59. | |
perhaps to reconsider. Since I had that information, I've done nothing | :23:00. | :23:02. | |
other than media intervurksz I haven't had the opportunity to talk | :23:03. | :23:05. | |
to the Chief Constable about it. I most certainly will be asking the | :23:06. | :23:08. | |
question as to explain to me how that process happened. There's a | :23:09. | :23:14. | |
potentially embarrassing explanation for it, but there is also a | :23:15. | :23:18. | |
perfectly potentially innocent explanation. With any prosecution, | :23:19. | :23:24. | |
there needs to be a judgment as to whether or not a sufficient level of | :23:25. | :23:30. | |
proof exists to continue with it. Sure, and in this case there were | :23:31. | :23:35. | |
two recordings that completely contradictory testimony. Highlighted | :23:36. | :23:40. | |
bits of that evidence has been made available to the media, but in terms | :23:41. | :23:43. | |
of this decision as to whether to proceed with it or not, different | :23:44. | :23:47. | |
individuals came to different conclusions. There is, I'm not naive | :23:48. | :23:52. | |
enough to believe there isn't a potentially sinister implication for | :23:53. | :23:57. | |
that. But there is also a potentially innocent explanation. My | :23:58. | :24:00. | |
view is I have an open mind and I'm going to investigate that and find | :24:01. | :24:05. | |
out what happened. Do you think shoe have known before today? It would | :24:06. | :24:09. | |
have been helpful. Are you hoping to be re-elected? Too early to say. I'm | :24:10. | :24:15. | |
loving the job. It is incredibly busy and there is a lot to do. And | :24:16. | :24:20. | |
rather unexpected apparently? It was - I had no idea. On the election day | :24:21. | :24:25. | |
itself, I turned up and I literally had no idea whether I was going to | :24:26. | :24:30. | |
lose lie deposit or get elected. Many unexamined elements to it | :24:31. | :24:35. | |
though it turns out. Yes, but, as I say, I'm thoroughly enjoying the | :24:36. | :24:39. | |
job. I've stayed out of trouble so far. But we'll see how we go from | :24:40. | :24:49. | |
here. Ron Ball, thank you. The machinery of American Government | :24:50. | :24:52. | |
looks as if it'll be coming out of suspended animation tomorrow. The | :24:53. | :24:55. | |
confrontation between Republican legislators and President Obama was | :24:56. | :24:58. | |
seemingly resolved two hours ago - the formal vote will happen later | :24:59. | :25:02. | |
tonight. But it is only - yet another - stay of execution, saving | :25:03. | :25:05. | |
the world from another financial crisis. For a country that is so | :25:06. | :25:09. | |
often considered a model democracy, it is an extraordinary situation. | :25:10. | :25:17. | |
Alan Little is in Washington. I rise today in opposition to Obamacare. We | :25:18. | :25:22. | |
shouldn't inflict pain on the American people the try to see if | :25:23. | :25:27. | |
one de gets a little extra leverage. Washington is more split than ever | :25:28. | :25:32. | |
before, this country is more guide -- divided than than ever before. On | :25:33. | :25:40. | |
Capitol Hill they've been arguing about the deckchairs while the ship | :25:41. | :25:44. | |
is sinking. In a sense Americans have been having this argument for | :25:45. | :25:50. | |
more than 200 years. How big and how powerful should the Federal | :25:51. | :25:57. | |
Government be? It is still at the heart of the American identity, the | :25:58. | :26:00. | |
idea that as an American you should be an independent citizen, self | :26:01. | :26:05. | |
reliant, not dependent on any Government. For many Conservatives | :26:06. | :26:08. | |
the growth of federal power under President Obama is a plough against | :26:09. | :26:16. | |
the character of America itself. They've risked economic disaster to | :26:17. | :26:20. | |
refight a battle on health care that they lost three years ago. You are | :26:21. | :26:25. | |
going to harm the country immeasurably... Nothing could be | :26:26. | :26:30. | |
more harmful to the American economy and the people than Obamacare, | :26:31. | :26:34. | |
putting under Government control one sixth of the economy. I realises | :26:35. | :26:38. | |
that in Great Britain that's something that you embrace. We've | :26:39. | :26:41. | |
looked at your system and we see a lot of problems and flaws that we | :26:42. | :26:47. | |
don't want to replicate. So 24 is a law that's already passed, it has | :26:48. | :26:51. | |
democratic legitimacy in both houses and the President signed it off. You | :26:52. | :26:56. | |
are prepared to tip this economy into what many will say is | :26:57. | :27:00. | |
o'clockity? Prohibition was not only a law but a constitutional | :27:01. | :27:08. | |
amendment. We've repealed the speed limit. In England I don't know if | :27:09. | :27:13. | |
that's the case. This is an old divide in America. There are exoez | :27:14. | :27:20. | |
here today of the 1930s, when President Franklin Roosevelt enacted | :27:21. | :27:23. | |
the first social security legislation. It was almost word for | :27:24. | :27:29. | |
word the challenges made to the affordable Care Act, the Government | :27:30. | :27:33. | |
taking a larger role in our healthcare and our pensions system. | :27:34. | :27:37. | |
The Federal Government prying into people's laws and orchestrating | :27:38. | :27:42. | |
people's lives. Almost word for word the same arguments. 80 years ago? | :27:43. | :27:46. | |
That's right, but social security not only was it passed, signed into | :27:47. | :27:51. | |
law but once it happened the American people accept that. They | :27:52. | :27:54. | |
embrace these programmes and I think that's part of the fear that's going | :27:55. | :27:58. | |
on among Republicans, the fact that they never supported those | :27:59. | :28:02. | |
programmes when they were first introduced years ago. They know that | :28:03. | :28:08. | |
once people get used to having universal access to affordable | :28:09. | :28:11. | |
healthcare, they are not going to want to give it up. Which is of | :28:12. | :28:16. | |
course precisely what small government Conservatives fear, that | :28:17. | :28:19. | |
once the power and scope of Federal Government is expanded there is | :28:20. | :28:23. | |
never any going back. You can argue that the election of President Obama | :28:24. | :28:28. | |
in 2008 was one of those rare moments, when America tips from one | :28:29. | :28:33. | |
era into another. For a 40 years wherever that, ever since the | :28:34. | :28:37. | |
election of Richard Nixon in 1968, Conservative America had an almost | :28:38. | :28:41. | |
unbroken hold on the White House. In all that time only two Democrats | :28:42. | :28:48. | |
made it to the presidency and both of both of them were southern white | :28:49. | :28:53. | |
men who came to Washington with the mud of the Conservative rural south | :28:54. | :28:57. | |
on their boots. Many Conservatives came to believe this was a semi | :28:58. | :29:01. | |
permanent state of affairs, that they had managed to build such a | :29:02. | :29:05. | |
lasting majority in the country that it made them, the Republicans, the | :29:06. | :29:09. | |
natural party of Government. The Tea Party Republicans know now look more | :29:10. | :29:14. | |
like an angry counter culture than a party of protest. Liberals and | :29:15. | :29:20. | |
Conservatives have switched roles. I think you are seeing a historic | :29:21. | :29:25. | |
realignment, driven by the increasing secularisation of the | :29:26. | :29:28. | |
United States, particularly among younger people, who are much less | :29:29. | :29:34. | |
likely to be religiously affiliated than older Americans. The United | :29:35. | :29:37. | |
States is 30 years behind Britain and Western Europe in the degree of | :29:38. | :29:41. | |
sec labisation. Why is this significant? It means that a lot of | :29:42. | :29:46. | |
these religious right issues are simply losing their traction. Even | :29:47. | :29:52. | |
so, Americans remain sceptical about the state. At the Lincoln memorial | :29:53. | :29:56. | |
we found one protester linking today's crisis explicitly to the | :29:57. | :30:00. | |
core values of American identity. What is the answer to your question, | :30:01. | :30:04. | |
what does it mean to you to be an American? It means that you can be a | :30:05. | :30:09. | |
sovereign citizen, you can be a free man. Whatever you want to make for | :30:10. | :30:14. | |
yourself decision-wise you can do that. Do you think that's under | :30:15. | :30:17. | |
threat? I think it is directly under threat right now. Two Americas fight | :30:18. | :30:25. | |
for ascendancy, in the nation that first secured the enFrenched | :30:26. | :30:28. | |
Government of the people by the people for the people. Seld Dom does | :30:29. | :30:32. | |
that fight bring the people as close to calamity as it did tonight. | :30:33. | :30:39. | |
Joining me from New York is the historian Simon Schama, with his | :30:40. | :30:45. | |
view on the latest from America. - that great country. It is an | :30:46. | :30:48. | |
extraordinary spectacle watching from a distance. What lesson do you | :30:49. | :30:52. | |
think we should draw Simon? Believe it or not I don't think it is the | :30:53. | :30:56. | |
failure of democratic institutions, much less the constitution, Jeremy. | :30:57. | :31:02. | |
I think what we are witnessing is a pro found personality, identity | :31:03. | :31:08. | |
crisis inside the Republican Party. Actually inside Republican | :31:09. | :31:12. | |
Conservatism, because it was not the case that even during the period of | :31:13. | :31:18. | |
extreme alienation from the administration of Jimmy Carter or | :31:19. | :31:24. | |
even from Bill Clinton while Government was shut down that | :31:25. | :31:28. | |
essentially there was so much throwing toys out of the pram, in | :31:29. | :31:35. | |
order to actually use the fundamental credit and good faith of | :31:36. | :31:40. | |
the United States and its debt to get your way in order to reverse | :31:41. | :31:44. | |
legislation. Which has already been enacted. There was a piece a moment | :31:45. | :31:50. | |
in Allan Little's excellent piece where a Congressman was saying, | :31:51. | :31:54. | |
we've repealed lots of good laws, and that is the heart of the issue. | :31:55. | :32:03. | |
It is right now impossible to repeal the Affordable Healthcare Act, the | :32:04. | :32:07. | |
Obamacare Act, because any repeal law has to be passed as a discreet | :32:08. | :32:12. | |
stand-alone piece of legislation. President would veto it. In order to | :32:13. | :32:17. | |
override the veto, this is crucial, you need a two thirds majority of | :32:18. | :32:23. | |
both houses of Congress. So what do you do when you know you can't | :32:24. | :32:26. | |
repeal it? You either turn into it a kind of semi cometic piece of | :32:27. | :32:31. | |
theatrical grandstanding like Senator T tection d Cruz fill | :32:32. | :32:34. | |
bustering the Or you go on screaming and having a | :32:35. | :32:43. | |
tantrum and threatening to bring about not just an American but a | :32:44. | :32:47. | |
global fiscal calamity, because you are not getting your way. It is an | :32:48. | :32:53. | |
infantilisation of politics on the Republican right. When you have a | :32:54. | :32:57. | |
constitution that allows the entire world's financial system to be | :32:58. | :33:01. | |
brought almost to the brink of crisis, doesn't it indicate that | :33:02. | :33:07. | |
something really outmoded, that needs changing, that is broken about | :33:08. | :33:13. | |
the constitution it's I'm open to hearing suggestion forensic | :33:14. | :33:16. | |
examination you Jeremy. Well it is very old now isn't it? It is quite | :33:17. | :33:22. | |
true. Again, the Allan Little piece was spot on in that the argument | :33:23. | :33:26. | |
between Jefferson and John Adams was exactly over the extent to which any | :33:27. | :33:31. | |
sort of Federal Government authority was going to be legitimate. But - | :33:32. | :33:36. | |
this is crucial - once a democratic Republican as he was called like | :33:37. | :33:41. | |
Jefferson came into office, he understood that American Government | :33:42. | :33:46. | |
was not an oxymoron, that actually the process of governance was | :33:47. | :33:51. | |
extremely important. Quite often actually Jefferson is a good case in | :33:52. | :33:56. | |
point, he grasped the reins of Government with an appetite which | :33:57. | :34:00. | |
sometimes dismayed his more individually minded supporters. | :34:01. | :34:03. | |
What's happening inside the Republican Party is a pro found | :34:04. | :34:08. | |
split in two ways. One, between seeing Republicanism as a kind of | :34:09. | :34:13. | |
evangelical church. It was no accident that the Republican caucus | :34:14. | :34:20. | |
prefaced their deliberations in that nadir of idiocy yesterday when John | :34:21. | :34:27. | |
Boehner failed to get the House to come up with their own plan. They | :34:28. | :34:33. | |
prefaced the it with a rousing chorus of Amazing Grace. You can | :34:34. | :34:37. | |
assume that politics is an act of spiritual rebirth, or you can, | :34:38. | :34:42. | |
generations of Conservative law makers have accepted, and this is | :34:43. | :34:46. | |
still the case with sun like Mitch Muslim column in the Senate, without | :34:47. | :34:50. | |
whom the deal to get us back from the brink couldn't hangs you assume | :34:51. | :34:53. | |
that whatever your Conservatism, you do it through the machinery of | :34:54. | :34:58. | |
politics, through a sense of basic combity, which is not prepared to | :34:59. | :35:03. | |
push the United States and the rest of the world's economy to the brink | :35:04. | :35:07. | |
of ruin. The difficulty is right now we are in a kind of isolationist | :35:08. | :35:13. | |
moment in America. The tendency to really want to tell the rest of the | :35:14. | :35:18. | |
world to go away is ominously fierce. The more bewildering, the | :35:19. | :35:23. | |
more distressed, the more alienated, the more upset Americans are by the | :35:24. | :35:28. | |
long-term consequences of what been happening to the economy since 2008, | :35:29. | :35:35. | |
the deafer, at the extreme right, the defer, the angrier, the more | :35:36. | :35:42. | |
obtuse, the more, "I'm mad as hell." Sounds like the mantra of the | :35:43. | :35:51. | |
estranged. That's the threat to the system. Simon Schama, thank you. I | :35:52. | :35:56. | |
wish you would speak your mind more. I know! It is sad isn't it, but | :35:57. | :36:00. | |
that's because I'm heavily sedated right now. Simon, thank you! | :36:01. | :36:07. | |
There were a couple more announcements of Chinese investment | :36:08. | :36:10. | |
in Britain today, as the Chancellor of the Exchequer continued his trade | :36:11. | :36:13. | |
mission there. He said China's growth in technology was a great | :36:14. | :36:16. | |
opportunity for Britain. It would be something of an exaggeration to | :36:17. | :36:19. | |
suggest that his visit has generated a tenth as much attention in China | :36:20. | :36:23. | |
as it has here, and he did admit today that this country had been | :36:24. | :36:26. | |
pretty slow off the mark in getting to the party. But Emily caught up | :36:27. | :36:32. | |
with him anyway. The empire of China is an old crazy first rate man of | :36:33. | :36:38. | |
war, declared Lord George McCartney, arriving on these shores more than | :36:39. | :36:42. | |
200 years ago. He refused to kowtow to the Emperor. His trade mission | :36:43. | :36:47. | |
was unsuccessful. No surprise then if George Osborne deploys a more dip | :36:48. | :36:51. | |
crack demeanor and a phrase which sounds a lot like, come on in. | :36:52. | :36:55. | |
Britain and China have a great economic future together and there | :36:56. | :36:58. | |
is a huge amount of business that we can do together and we can take the | :36:59. | :37:03. | |
next step together in our relationship. After Beijing and | :37:04. | :37:09. | |
banquets today it was the turn of the tech sector, he praised a | :37:10. | :37:12. | |
company for its growing investment in Britain. And if it is slightly | :37:13. | :37:19. | |
counter intuitive seeing a Conservative Chancellor doing | :37:20. | :37:22. | |
full-scale trade with the Communists, those pesky questions | :37:23. | :37:26. | |
may have to wait. After all, it seems that business comes first. | :37:27. | :37:30. | |
George Osborne, this week you've welcomed China into Britain with | :37:31. | :37:32. | |
open arm as. This a significant move? Is this a pivot towards China? | :37:33. | :37:38. | |
I think it is a moment when we take another big step in the | :37:39. | :37:40. | |
Britain-China relationship and certainly what I wanted to say to | :37:41. | :37:46. | |
China is that Britain is open to investment and jobs being created in | :37:47. | :37:50. | |
Britain by Chinese companies. But I wanted to say something to people in | :37:51. | :37:54. | |
Britain - that China is fast-changing. A company like this, | :37:55. | :37:58. | |
you are literally seeing the future being built. So change is no longer | :37:59. | :38:03. | |
just a low-cost manufacturing centre. It is also pioneering the | :38:04. | :38:08. | |
tech and the science and the medicines of the future. What about | :38:09. | :38:11. | |
the nuclear industry? Would you like to see China becoming more involved | :38:12. | :38:16. | |
in that in the UK? I've signed here a memorandum of understanding with | :38:17. | :38:20. | |
the Chinese Government. In other words it kind of umbrella agreement | :38:21. | :38:24. | |
that is going to allow British nuclear companies to get involved in | :38:25. | :38:28. | |
the fastest growing civil nuclear programme in the world, here in | :38:29. | :38:31. | |
China. But it is also going to allow a China he's involvement, Chinese | :38:32. | :38:36. | |
investment in British civil nuclear power that many countries in the | :38:37. | :38:40. | |
world that wouldn't want other countries involveded in their civil | :38:41. | :38:45. | |
nuclear programme, but I do. If it wasn't Chinese or French investment | :38:46. | :38:47. | |
it would have to be British taxpayers. I would rather British | :38:48. | :38:52. | |
taxpayers were spending money on our schools and hospitals and other | :38:53. | :38:56. | |
things and let's get the resist of the world investing in energy. Can | :38:57. | :39:01. | |
you see see a day where China owned and operated a British nuclear | :39:02. | :39:05. | |
plant? We've signed this memorandum of understanding between two | :39:06. | :39:08. | |
Governments. There are a set of commercial negotiations. I don't | :39:09. | :39:11. | |
want to say more about those commercial negotiations, but I'll | :39:12. | :39:14. | |
have more to say on Chinese involvement in civil nuclear power | :39:15. | :39:19. | |
in the UK later this week. I guess there's a certain irony seeing a | :39:20. | :39:22. | |
Conservative Chancellor who has slated his opposition for being | :39:23. | :39:26. | |
social assist doing all these deals with the exhom niss. They are a lot | :39:27. | :39:33. | |
more market orient ted this lot than the British Labour Party at the | :39:34. | :39:36. | |
moment. There's a complex story of the Chinese Communist Party and how | :39:37. | :39:40. | |
it came to run a very capitalist system. We have to engage this | :39:41. | :39:44. | |
country because it is a fifth of the world's pop police station. What | :39:45. | :39:48. | |
about at home? Do you accept when it comes to living standards, policies | :39:49. | :39:51. | |
that people really care about and feel, Labour has stolen the march on | :39:52. | :39:56. | |
you, outmanoeuvred you? I don't accept that at all. Labour is | :39:57. | :39:59. | |
responsibility for the economic calamity that made this country much | :40:00. | :40:03. | |
poorer, the financial crisis, the deep recession, and it is the | :40:04. | :40:06. | |
Government that is fixing the economy and the British economy is | :40:07. | :40:09. | |
now turning a corner. You went to fight a cap on bankers' bonuses on | :40:10. | :40:14. | |
the same day that Ed Miliband said he would freeze fuel. Did that not | :40:15. | :40:19. | |
feel out of sync? The Labour Party policies are built on nothing. They | :40:20. | :40:23. | |
are flimsy, they are gimmicks. They wouldn't work. Even the Labour Party | :40:24. | :40:26. | |
themselves accept they are promises that can't be accept. A serious | :40:27. | :40:31. | |
economic policy is not just a series of gimmicky conference | :40:32. | :40:35. | |
announcements. It is what are you going to do to grow business bishs. | :40:36. | :40:38. | |
One of the things the Government offers a sensible, solid, consistent | :40:39. | :40:44. | |
economic plan. OK. You are talking about sensible and solid. You've | :40:45. | :40:48. | |
warned before of the illusion of cheap money. We know that the | :40:49. | :40:51. | |
average house price reached its highest ever in August, and yet you | :40:52. | :40:55. | |
are flooding the market with cheap money with the help to buy scheme. | :40:56. | :41:00. | |
First of all real house prices are down. Number of transactions in our | :41:01. | :41:06. | |
mortgage market are down. The NPC are worrieded this is going to push | :41:07. | :41:10. | |
house prices up There are plenty of people out there, not least the | :41:11. | :41:15. | |
Deputy Governor of the Bank of England, he told us of course we've | :41:16. | :41:20. | |
got to be vigilant but there is not a housing bubble today. Are we | :41:21. | :41:24. | |
prepared to see young families in their 20s and 30s completely frozen | :41:25. | :41:28. | |
out of the mortgage market because they don't have rich parents and | :41:29. | :41:32. | |
they can't afford the large mortgage deposits that the banking crash has | :41:33. | :41:36. | |
required the banks to ask? What about a higher personal tax | :41:37. | :41:40. | |
threshold? Is that something you would like to see. It is going up to | :41:41. | :41:45. | |
10 in April, could it rise above that? I'm not going to write my | :41:46. | :41:53. | |
budget in shen Jen or Newsnight. Please do? It is a huge commitment | :41:54. | :41:59. | |
to helping people... Is it pretty much at the top now or could it | :42:00. | :42:05. | |
rise? We are committing to indexing the personal allowance with | :42:06. | :42:07. | |
inflation. People should judge us with our deeds. Where we've had | :42:08. | :42:11. | |
available resource we've lifted millions of low income people out of | :42:12. | :42:15. | |
tax and cut tax... Is that a tiny opening? We've cut tax for 25 | :42:16. | :42:22. | |
million working people. Matthew Dan cone neigh cites a dinner where you | :42:23. | :42:30. | |
said if I'm not not the most unpopular Chancellor within six | :42:31. | :42:37. | |
months I've failed in my job? During an economic calamity where we had to | :42:38. | :42:42. | |
take decisions that affected working families to fix a hole in the public | :42:43. | :42:45. | |
finances if, I knew it was going to be a tough and not particularly | :42:46. | :42:50. | |
popular job. But what's the point of doing this job? It is to work for | :42:51. | :42:54. | |
the British people and hard working families. Everything I have done | :42:55. | :43:00. | |
isn't about whether it plays well in the focus group or the opinion poll | :43:01. | :43:04. | |
next day. It is what is right for this country. Ultimately good | :43:05. | :43:10. | |
politics follows good economics. There was personal vitriol aimed at | :43:11. | :43:15. | |
you, the only man to be body at the Olympic Stadium or booed when you | :43:16. | :43:18. | |
saw Chelsea raise the trophy in Munich. I'm wondering if that starts | :43:19. | :43:24. | |
to affect you, if it starts to hurt. I think that might have been the | :43:25. | :43:29. | |
Bayern Munich fans in Munich. Look, you don't do this job to be popular. | :43:30. | :43:34. | |
Being Chancellor isn't being a contestant in a popularity contest. | :43:35. | :43:38. | |
You are there to make the tough decisions that are going to help the | :43:39. | :43:42. | |
economy turn the corner. My mental here in China has been pretty | :43:43. | :43:46. | |
uncompromising. I've been trying to tell the British people, China's | :43:47. | :43:49. | |
changing, and not everyone wants to hear that. This message here of be | :43:50. | :43:54. | |
here or be nowhere is a really important part of our economic plan. | :43:55. | :43:59. | |
The economic plan is what I have the responsibility to deliver. The plan | :44:00. | :44:06. | |
A fell scarily on your shoulders. I wonder if you ever wondered if you | :44:07. | :44:10. | |
were wrong. Look, I was very clear. We had to take early decisions to | :44:11. | :44:15. | |
deal with the hole in the public finances. That was going to be | :44:16. | :44:19. | |
unpopular. But the south-eastern we made those decisions the better. Of | :44:20. | :44:22. | |
course I look back and say, is there more I could have done in the | :44:23. | :44:25. | |
banking system, and at the moment I'm looking at what we could do with | :44:26. | :44:30. | |
the Royal Bank of Scotland. Of course there are things if I had my | :44:31. | :44:33. | |
time again, I would say perhaps we could have done more in banking. I'm | :44:34. | :44:37. | |
really impressed by what we've done in China but I would have liked to | :44:38. | :44:41. | |
have done even more, and I'm doing more now. When it comes to plan A as | :44:42. | :44:46. | |
it is being called, we needed that plan. I have stuck with it, the | :44:47. | :44:52. | |
whole Government have stuck with it and the British people have stuck | :44:53. | :44:56. | |
with it and you are beginning to see it is working. Chancellor, thank | :44:57. | :44:57. | |
you. Prince Charles has barged into | :44:58. | :45:10. | |
something else. This time it is the pensions industry, which he doesn't | :45:11. | :45:17. | |
like. And NHS guidelines shouldn't call | :45:18. | :45:25. | |
fat people fat and a nice picture of the Speaker's while. | :45:26. | :45:29. | |
The BBC unveiled today how it intends to mark the centenary of the | :45:30. | :45:33. | |
First World War. Between 2014 and 2018 we're promised 2,500 hours of | :45:34. | :45:35. | |
World War One-themed programming. Can't wait? Here's the first | :45:36. | :45:41. | |
30-second instalment. Goodbye. So if Germany were to attack Russia, she | :45:42. | :45:45. | |
would also have to attack France. France? Yes, France. And if Germany | :45:46. | :45:51. | |
were to attack France, it would leave Belgium threatened, and | :45:52. | :45:56. | |
Belgium is our friend. We would hop in there to defend them. So we've | :45:57. | :46:01. | |
all got to fight in a war because of that, Sir? Yes, Maltravers. But I | :46:02. | :46:08. | |
might get killed, Sir. Yes, you might. But | :46:09. | :46:09. |