Browse content similar to 19/02/2014. Check below for episodes and series from the same categories and more!
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streets of Kiev may be nearing an end, an hour and a bit ago the | :00:08. | :00:13. | |
President of Ukraine claimed to have agreed what he called a truce with | :00:14. | :00:23. | |
the leaders of the opposition for a realignment in the country. Will the | :00:24. | :00:28. | |
protesters pack up and go home? Our reporter is in Kiev watching the | :00:29. | :00:32. | |
scenes on the streets for us. And we will talk to one of the country's | :00:33. | :00:36. | |
deputy prime ministers. How Tony Blair offered Rebekah Brooks and | :00:37. | :00:42. | |
Rupert Murdoch a shoulder to cry on when the phone hacking scandal | :00:43. | :00:47. | |
broke. How campuses in America is place of sexual danger for women, | :00:48. | :00:51. | |
why some rape victims find college authorities the most unsympathetic | :00:52. | :00:55. | |
of protectors. He told me he would have to be in the room with me when | :00:56. | :01:00. | |
I testified, and he would get to ask me direct questions about what | :01:01. | :01:07. | |
happened. And Alan Alda, also known as Hawkeye from MASH joins us from | :01:08. | :01:12. | |
New York to explain why he's hunting for a scientist who can explain what | :01:13. | :01:20. | |
colour is in terms of which a child can understand. He had remained | :01:21. | :01:30. | |
adamant that there could be no compromise, but tonight President | :01:31. | :01:35. | |
Yanukovych of Ukraine talked to leaders of the protest which have | :01:36. | :01:38. | |
paralysed the capital of his country. Faced with promised | :01:39. | :01:42. | |
sanctions from the European Union, vague threats from Washington and | :01:43. | :01:46. | |
most of all by the possibility that a deteriorating situation could yet | :01:47. | :01:51. | |
get much worse, his spokesman announced tonight that a truce had | :01:52. | :02:01. | |
been agreed. Newsnight's in Kiev, we will talk after this. | :02:02. | :02:05. | |
Independence Square is not the place it was. Yesterday 's death have | :02:06. | :02:12. | |
shattered the status quo. Instead of singing songs, now they are smashing | :02:13. | :02:19. | |
up the payment. -- pavement. Men and women, young and old alike. | :02:20. | :02:30. | |
REPORTER: What are you doing? We are preparing weapons for the | :02:31. | :02:34. | |
revolution. This woman is a middle-class office worker? We now | :02:35. | :02:38. | |
have dozens of killed people so definitely a lot has changed. I have | :02:39. | :02:43. | |
heard people talk about Civil War is that even possible? We are on the | :02:44. | :02:47. | |
brink of that. We are quite close to that. Nearby another woman, | :02:48. | :02:54. | |
carefully pouring petrol into a plastic bottle. But these are now | :02:55. | :03:00. | |
ordinary Molotov cocktails, they are adding little crumbs of polystyrene, | :03:01. | :03:06. | |
when lit they will act like napalm, a shower of burning plastic that | :03:07. | :03:11. | |
clings to the skin. Not as sophisticated the weaponry the | :03:12. | :03:14. | |
protesters themselves are up against perhaps, but no less effective. The | :03:15. | :03:20. | |
west, they are trying to negotiate, to talk, but to talk with these | :03:21. | :03:27. | |
people is not the option. They only understand force. You say you are | :03:28. | :03:31. | |
not talking about violence and yet here people are preparing to use | :03:32. | :03:35. | |
violence against the state, isn't that just going to make it worse? | :03:36. | :03:39. | |
Well, you know, if someone punches you or is going to you know to shoot | :03:40. | :03:44. | |
you what are you going to do. How will you protect yourself? (Gunfire) | :03:45. | :03:51. | |
last night's violence was the worst in Ukraine's post-Soviet history. | :03:52. | :03:55. | |
The propertiors were taken by surprise when after months in -- | :03:56. | :04:00. | |
protesters were taken by surprise when after months in control the | :04:01. | :04:04. | |
riot police attacked, setting their tents alight. By this afternoon | :04:05. | :04:08. | |
parts of Kiev looked like a warzone, the streets surrounding the | :04:09. | :04:11. | |
parliament building scarred and deserted. Each side has accused the | :04:12. | :04:18. | |
other of using live ammunition. The police have taken back some ground, | :04:19. | :04:29. | |
the protestors' citadel has shrunk, but they are still here. Tonight we | :04:30. | :04:33. | |
watched them reinforce their barricades, everyone knows this | :04:34. | :04:37. | |
isn't finished yet. Despite talk of a truce, everyone here expects | :04:38. | :04:43. | |
another onslaught. One protestor told me they were scared last night, | :04:44. | :04:47. | |
but the really scary thing is now they have accepted the idea of | :04:48. | :04:50. | |
violence. So the demonstrators have retreated, | :04:51. | :04:55. | |
moving part of their operation away from the frontline. They are | :04:56. | :05:01. | |
preparing for another busy night treating people here at the orthodox | :05:02. | :05:08. | |
Cathedral. This is St Michael's. Under communism the place was blown | :05:09. | :05:15. | |
up, Stalin had it dynamited. After the collapse of the Soviet Union it | :05:16. | :05:19. | |
was rebuilt as a symbol of Ukraine's independence. Now this magnificent | :05:20. | :05:25. | |
Cathedral has been turned into a makeshift hospital, giving treatment | :05:26. | :05:30. | |
and shelt to people whom the Government cas "terrorists", the | :05:31. | :05:34. | |
church is in open defiance of the state. TRANSLATION: It was like a | :05:35. | :05:45. | |
battlefield says Alexander, who in more peaceful times is a humble GP. | :05:46. | :05:53. | |
The police just smashed everything. Tonight we watched some riot | :05:54. | :05:58. | |
policemen pull back from their newly-gained position, others soon | :05:59. | :06:00. | |
replaced them. If this is a truce it is a very uneasy one indeed. Let's | :06:01. | :06:08. | |
talk to Gabriel Gatehouse in Kiev for us now. Gabriel, what is the | :06:09. | :06:14. | |
feeling there about whether this truce means anything? Around about | :06:15. | :06:19. | |
the time that the truce was announced we heard a few volleys of | :06:20. | :06:23. | |
firework, you can probably hear one just behind me there, that might | :06:24. | :06:26. | |
have been a stun grenade. We have heard these gangs going off | :06:27. | :06:29. | |
periodically throughout the evening, but no real fighting. So if this is | :06:30. | :06:34. | |
what a truce is, then it is holding. One of the opposition leaders said | :06:35. | :06:39. | |
apparently that Viktor Yanukovych, the President, has given an | :06:40. | :06:43. | |
undertaking not to storm the square. That apparently is the content of | :06:44. | :06:47. | |
this truce, they said they tried to find situation of stablising the | :06:48. | :06:50. | |
situation, but they haven't said how they are going to do that. What is | :06:51. | :06:55. | |
clear is Viktor Yanukovych is under huge international pressure today. | :06:56. | :06:59. | |
We understand that the state department has found 20 names of | :07:00. | :07:03. | |
people they want to restrict visas to, who they blame for the violence. | :07:04. | :07:07. | |
We understand that the foreign ministers of France, Germany and | :07:08. | :07:11. | |
Poland are already in Kiev and they are to have a meeting with Viktor | :07:12. | :07:16. | |
Yanukovych tomorrow, before flying to Brussels to discuss again | :07:17. | :07:19. | |
possible sanctions against those in the Government that they hold | :07:20. | :07:22. | |
responsible for this violence. On the ground, the feeling very much is | :07:23. | :07:26. | |
one of shock, how people are asking could things have turned so violent | :07:27. | :07:32. | |
so suddenly with those 26 deaths. People can't understand it and very | :07:33. | :07:36. | |
much on the square there is a feeling that this is not over yet. | :07:37. | :07:41. | |
We will be back to you in a moment or two. A little earlier I spoke to | :07:42. | :07:45. | |
one of Ukraine's most senior political figure, the vice Prime | :07:46. | :07:49. | |
Minister, Kostyantyn Gryshchenko, we spoke to him just before the truce | :07:50. | :07:53. | |
was announced. The Kremlin spokesman today | :07:54. | :08:36. | |
described what was happening on the streets of your capital as an | :08:37. | :08:42. | |
attempted coup. Is that how you see it? I see it as a very tense moment | :08:43. | :08:49. | |
in our development as a free, democratic nation. What we face is | :08:50. | :08:57. | |
the need for all the players to listen to each other, to understand | :08:58. | :09:05. | |
what is the dangers which loom on these particular countries at this | :09:06. | :09:10. | |
particular time and find a solution. , jointly. That is something we need | :09:11. | :09:15. | |
to do together. Meaning the Government, the leaders of the | :09:16. | :09:18. | |
opposition and the people whom the leaders of the opposition do not | :09:19. | :09:22. | |
control. Isn't the obvious way to make a start on a settlement for | :09:23. | :09:28. | |
President Yanukovych to put himself up for re-election and see what | :09:29. | :09:36. | |
happens? Well for re-election or elections, regular or nap selections | :09:37. | :09:42. | |
-- snap elections you need to have stability in society. You can't have | :09:43. | :09:46. | |
elections under the barrel of a gun. You cannot really make it democratic | :09:47. | :09:53. | |
and elections that will be accepted by the whole of the Ukraine. Do you | :09:54. | :09:58. | |
worry about these threatened European Union sanctions? The need | :09:59. | :10:06. | |
to listen to our international partners, be it in Europe or across | :10:07. | :10:22. | |
the ocean we take into account But nobody can do the work for us, that | :10:23. | :10:25. | |
is why we are making sure what we have to discuss among the political | :10:26. | :10:29. | |
spectrum inside the country is not being compromised by whatever | :10:30. | :10:34. | |
external factors either from the east or west. Gabriel Gatehouse is | :10:35. | :10:48. | |
still with us in Kiev. Looking ahead, is it possible to make any | :10:49. | :10:52. | |
prediction? It is interesting, you mentioned the sacking of the head of | :10:53. | :10:55. | |
the army there with the Deputy Prime Minister. The one unspoken mostly | :10:56. | :11:00. | |
fear on everyone's minds is the question of a Civil War here. Could | :11:01. | :11:05. | |
this develop into something much worse. Now the sacking of the head | :11:06. | :11:09. | |
of the army, they didn't give any reason for it, but it was preceded | :11:10. | :11:14. | |
by some very interesting events. Last night while events were going | :11:15. | :11:17. | |
on here in the square behind me, there was also reports that in some | :11:18. | :11:22. | |
prove VIPGS cities, especially west of here, certain institutions and | :11:23. | :11:27. | |
security installations had also come under pressure from protesters and | :11:28. | :11:31. | |
had been taken over by some protestors. Later on today we saw a | :11:32. | :11:37. | |
statement on the website of the Ministry of Defence. I think that's | :11:38. | :11:41. | |
fireworks incidentally you can hear behind me that the protesters have | :11:42. | :11:44. | |
been taken to firing at the police. A statement on the Ministry of | :11:45. | :11:48. | |
Defence saying that the army reserved the right to go into | :11:49. | :11:52. | |
antiterrorist operations. It seemed like a clear threat to get involved | :11:53. | :11:57. | |
in this stand-off here. Very shortly after that, we saw the sacking of | :11:58. | :12:02. | |
the army. Now whether that was to try to keep control of the military | :12:03. | :12:05. | |
on the part of the President or to try to give yet another concession | :12:06. | :12:09. | |
to the protesters, we don't really know. The feeling on the square is | :12:10. | :12:14. | |
that President Yanukovych has pretty much given every single concession | :12:15. | :12:19. | |
he could have given apart from the ultimate one which is to resign | :12:20. | :12:24. | |
himself. That hasn't happened. The Old Bailey trial of two former | :12:25. | :12:28. | |
editors of the News of the World heard an extraordinary e-mail read | :12:29. | :12:30. | |
out today, in it Brooks Brookes Brooks, one of the two editors -- | :12:31. | :12:38. | |
Rebekah Brooks reported a conversation she had with Tony | :12:39. | :12:40. | |
Blair. In the talk the former Prime Minister, now embarked on his | :12:41. | :12:45. | |
post-abdication career of getting very rich, reassured her about how | :12:46. | :12:49. | |
to handle the phone hacking scandal and offered to act as an unofficial | :12:50. | :12:54. | |
adviser to Rupert Murdoch. We have the case now. First of all to give | :12:55. | :12:58. | |
this a little bit of context, this e-mail was written on the 11th July | :12:59. | :13:07. | |
to 2011. That is a week after the story of Milly Dowler's phone being | :13:08. | :13:13. | |
hacked. It is the day after the last ever News of the World issue was | :13:14. | :13:16. | |
published. This is right in the heart and heat of the crisis. | :13:17. | :13:20. | |
Rebekah Brooks writes an e-mail to her boss at the time, James Murdoch, | :13:21. | :13:29. | |
in which we recounts an hour-long conversation she had with Tony | :13:30. | :13:33. | |
Blair. On the face of it he is simply offering advice on how to | :13:34. | :13:36. | |
handle the crisis. He suggests setting up an independent inquiry | :13:37. | :13:40. | |
which would investigate what had gone on. And then, this is the | :13:41. | :13:44. | |
critical bit, according to Rebekah Brooks he says it would publish a | :13:45. | :13:48. | |
hutten-style report. That is a reference to the review of the David | :13:49. | :13:54. | |
Kelly case that got the BBC into hot water all that time ago. That could | :13:55. | :13:59. | |
be seen as a marker of thoroughness and transparency or depending on | :14:00. | :14:02. | |
which position you take, something quite different. He offered personal | :14:03. | :14:06. | |
advice, he said "keep strong and definitely sleeping pills, need to | :14:07. | :14:10. | |
have clear heads, remember no rash short-term solutions as they only | :14:11. | :14:13. | |
give you long-term headaches", I wonder what he was thinking of | :14:14. | :14:17. | |
there. He says it will pass and tough up. And rounding it off, | :14:18. | :14:22. | |
according to the Brooks he offers personal counsel. He says that he, | :14:23. | :14:27. | |
Tony Blair, is available for you, that is James Murdoch, KRM, Rupert | :14:28. | :14:36. | |
Murdoch, and Rebekah Brooks as an unofficial adviser but it needs to | :14:37. | :14:40. | |
remain between them. Four days later Rebekah Brooks resigns and four days | :14:41. | :14:44. | |
later is arrested. Anything from Blair's office? The fact there was a | :14:45. | :14:46. | |
conversation appears to be acknowledged. The fact I can see is | :14:47. | :14:50. | |
there is no dispute about the contents of what it is alleged was | :14:51. | :14:55. | |
said. Tony Blair, in fairness on his behalf, he had merely been given | :14:56. | :14:59. | |
informal advice on crisis management, he had no personal | :15:00. | :15:02. | |
reason to know the facts of the case. He was just giving advice. But | :15:03. | :15:06. | |
look, I think the bigger question is, it won't be about the details, | :15:07. | :15:09. | |
it will be about why he did it at all. We are just in the aftermath of | :15:10. | :15:13. | |
the Milly Dowler revelation, which remember how shocking that was. The | :15:14. | :15:17. | |
entire political establishment was convulsing, the police were in all | :15:18. | :15:22. | |
sorts of do-dos because they hadn't investigated. It was duff times. | :15:23. | :15:28. | |
Also on the same day the Labour leader at the end, Ed Miliband, is | :15:29. | :15:30. | |
making a speech and giving press conferences calling for Rebekah | :15:31. | :15:34. | |
Brooks to be sacked. Where are we in the case as a whole? Well, the | :15:35. | :15:38. | |
prosecution was due to finish at Christmas. It is finishing this | :15:39. | :15:42. | |
morning. It is all running quite late, and as a result the defence | :15:43. | :15:46. | |
proper will start tomorrow. We expect Rebekah Brooks to take the | :15:47. | :15:49. | |
stand at some point tomorrow morning. I should say both Rebekah | :15:50. | :15:56. | |
Brooks and all the others deny all the charges against them. It is | :15:57. | :15:59. | |
precisely one year two months and 16 days until we get the chance to | :16:00. | :16:03. | |
decide which variety of Westminster all sorts or combination there of, | :16:04. | :16:08. | |
we would like to have another crack at telling us what to do. The | :16:09. | :16:12. | |
general election in May next year will be the first in the history of | :16:13. | :16:16. | |
this country to come at the end of a fixed term parliament. The date has | :16:17. | :16:20. | |
been publicly known for years. The arrangement was another pious | :16:21. | :16:23. | |
promise from the Liberal Democrats about improving the way this country | :16:24. | :16:27. | |
is governed. Some political reporters can hardly cope with their | :16:28. | :16:32. | |
parliamentary recess withdrawal symptoms. Mathieu is one of them! -- | :16:33. | :16:40. | |
Emily Maitlis is one of them. Imagine if everything came to a | :16:41. | :16:45. | |
stand still in Westminster? Imagine if the business of parliament just, | :16:46. | :16:54. | |
well, stopped? The idea is unthinkable, or used to be until | :16:55. | :16:59. | |
this. Measures will be brought forward to introduce fixed-term | :17:00. | :17:04. | |
parliaments of five years. The length of a parliament, in other | :17:05. | :17:07. | |
words, was passed into law, from that week in May 2010, we knew | :17:08. | :17:12. | |
exactly when the next general election would be, barring the | :17:13. | :17:16. | |
unforeseeable. A move some feel is now giving the whole political | :17:17. | :17:22. | |
system a slight air of paralysis. It is Parkinson's Law that says work | :17:23. | :17:25. | |
always expands to fill the time allotted to it. We have allotted | :17:26. | :17:29. | |
five years and so the work has expanded to fill that time. There | :17:30. | :17:33. | |
are week, months when parliament is not really doing much. It is not | :17:34. | :17:39. | |
debating primary legislation, it is treading water, I'm not sure this is | :17:40. | :17:44. | |
really good. I'm not sure, I think we have lost some of the tempo of | :17:45. | :17:49. | |
politics that we need. Of course this has been an unusual parliament | :17:50. | :17:54. | |
for other very different reasons, a two-party Government for one. It has | :17:55. | :17:58. | |
dried up because of the coalition, what happened was, and this is the | :17:59. | :18:02. | |
story influence, they went at it with a rush. Contrasting to thatch | :18:03. | :18:09. | |
whore did things gradually, she was grabbed dualist in practice however | :18:10. | :18:13. | |
revolutionary her rhetoric, or Tony Blair, who was gradualist in his two | :18:14. | :18:19. | |
terms. He subsequently admitted he didn't do as much as he wanted in | :18:20. | :18:23. | |
the first team. There is people like David Cameron and OK letter Letwin | :18:24. | :18:29. | |
who go for it. That sense of urgency may have something to do with the | :18:30. | :18:34. | |
coalition. Some Governments drag it on to the bitter end. A full | :18:35. | :18:42. | |
five-year term is not unusual, John Major, Gordon Brown in 2010. It is | :18:43. | :18:46. | |
more often the domain of unpopular or failing Government with no real | :18:47. | :18:50. | |
sense of optimisim of what a general election would eventually bring. | :18:51. | :19:06. | |
Remember Gordon Brown, and Jim Callaghan turning to song to explain | :19:07. | :19:13. | |
why he wouldn't go to the polls. # There was I waiting at the church! | :19:14. | :19:19. | |
! Jim Callaghan wasn't sure of the overall majority. But he made a | :19:20. | :19:25. | |
famous speech at the TUC. # All at once he sent me round a | :19:26. | :19:27. | |
note # Here's the very note | :19:28. | :19:31. | |
# This is what he wrote # Can't get away | :19:32. | :19:33. | |
# To marry you today # My wife won't let me | :19:34. | :19:43. | |
Everyone was startled, what was he on about, then he said there | :19:44. | :19:46. | |
wouldn't be an election this autumn. This was one of a select few MPs who | :19:47. | :19:52. | |
at the time voted against the fixed-term parliament bill. This is | :19:53. | :19:57. | |
a democratisation of our parliament. It weakens the power of parliament | :19:58. | :20:00. | |
to hold the Government to account, because the Prime Minister has got | :20:01. | :20:04. | |
tenure. There would never have been an election in 1974 when Ted Heath | :20:05. | :20:09. | |
was got rid of during that miners' strike. We would never got rid of | :20:10. | :20:17. | |
Harold Wilson in 1970. This system has grave disadvantages and it is, | :20:18. | :20:21. | |
you know, there is enough disillusionment with politics as it | :20:22. | :20:25. | |
is at the moment, it is always worse at the end of a five-year | :20:26. | :20:28. | |
parliament. Whilst a fixed-term parliament brings welcome stability, | :20:29. | :20:32. | |
critics say that comes at a price, making it much harder to hold the | :20:33. | :20:35. | |
political class to account when they only need to start listening to the | :20:36. | :20:43. | |
voters' voice a good four years in. Whitehall sources tell me less new | :20:44. | :20:48. | |
legislation is coming through, it is all about implementation. There is | :20:49. | :20:52. | |
also suggestion the next Queen's Speech may be delayed. Perhaps that | :20:53. | :20:55. | |
is the core question, if fewer laws are passed in this land, would | :20:56. | :21:00. | |
anyone really care? If we look across the channel at little old | :21:01. | :21:07. | |
Belgium, from 2007-2011 for a period of four years, their political class | :21:08. | :21:10. | |
couldn't agree on how to form a Government, so they didn't have one, | :21:11. | :21:14. | |
they had no new law, and do you know what, the Belgian economy grew, | :21:15. | :21:17. | |
while the European economy all around it was in turmoil. It was | :21:18. | :21:22. | |
actually one of the most successful post-war Belgium administrations. | :21:23. | :21:25. | |
Why? Because politicians stopped making new laws and introducing new | :21:26. | :21:30. | |
regulations, many of the old regulations became redundant. | :21:31. | :21:34. | |
Belgium prospered, perhaps a sign to be said not having politicians in | :21:35. | :21:37. | |
Westminster making new laws all the time. So what about those people who | :21:38. | :21:42. | |
thought fixed-term parliaments were a good idea? Earlier I spoke to Lord | :21:43. | :21:48. | |
O'Donnell, head of the Civil Service at the time when the coalition was | :21:49. | :21:53. | |
formed and fixed terms became law. Lord O'Donnell, who benefits from | :21:54. | :21:58. | |
fixed-term parliaments? I think democracy benefits. First of all it | :21:59. | :22:02. | |
is a fairer system. To me it is a ridiculous system that says actually | :22:03. | :22:08. | |
the Government in power, the incumbent gets to choose when it has | :22:09. | :22:11. | |
a general election as opposed to let's have one regularly on a fixed | :22:12. | :22:16. | |
date. Doesn't it mean you can forget the voter when the election is over | :22:17. | :22:21. | |
for five years? Quite the reverse. There has always been the case that | :22:22. | :22:25. | |
people have had to worry about their performance throughout the life of | :22:26. | :22:27. | |
the parliament, voters doesn't just react to what happened yesterday, | :22:28. | :22:30. | |
they look back on the record of a whole parliament. I think | :22:31. | :22:33. | |
Governments have got to do this. The difference is they are not allowed | :22:34. | :22:38. | |
to say, oh well we are ahead in the polls now we will go for it as | :22:39. | :22:41. | |
opposed to let's have a long-term plan, five-year plan to try to leave | :22:42. | :22:47. | |
the country in a better place. What are the things that are done, the | :22:48. | :22:50. | |
average length of parliament is four years. What are the great things | :22:51. | :22:54. | |
that are done in this last year before we're allowed to decide | :22:55. | :22:57. | |
whether we want to keep the Government? Precisely, it is a bit | :22:58. | :23:01. | |
like, you know, if you ask me have fixed term parliaments been a | :23:02. | :23:05. | |
success, I would say it is a bit like asking a six-month pregnant | :23:06. | :23:08. | |
woman how is the childbirth process. We haven't even had one fixed term | :23:09. | :23:14. | |
parliament yet. This one we didn't know it was going to be a fixed-term | :23:15. | :23:17. | |
parliament before they passed the legislation. If I said as far as the | :23:18. | :23:22. | |
average voter is concerned, you vote in 2010, no-one needs to pay me the | :23:23. | :23:27. | |
slightest attention now until early 2015? I think, I really don't think | :23:28. | :23:35. | |
voters are, nor are Governments that cynical. I think what voters will do | :23:36. | :23:40. | |
when they come to the ballot booth, I hope rather more will turn up than | :23:41. | :23:44. | |
we have seen in the past, that they will say they will assess the | :23:45. | :23:47. | |
Government on the five-year term what have they done over the whole | :23:48. | :23:54. | |
term. That is good. I will look to who they will elect over the four or | :23:55. | :23:59. | |
five year term. They can still elect them to a shorter term of | :24:00. | :24:04. | |
indeterminate duation? Of course, but the one thing I will say for | :24:05. | :24:10. | |
civil the service it would be for Governments to take a long-term view | :24:11. | :24:14. | |
of society that is not bad thing. When you look at this coalition and | :24:15. | :24:22. | |
on a fixed term and a Government like Tony Blair's, which was better | :24:23. | :24:25. | |
for the country? It is hard to assess that yet because remember the | :24:26. | :24:27. | |
economic circumstances were completely different. When Tony | :24:28. | :24:31. | |
Blair took over in 1997 the economy was doing well, the deficit was | :24:32. | :24:35. | |
relatively small. This time coalition come in 11% deficit-to-GDP | :24:36. | :24:46. | |
ratio, rising GDP. They took tough and unpopular decisions. They | :24:47. | :24:50. | |
decided to go for welfare reform, health reform, education reform. The | :24:51. | :24:54. | |
one thing you could say that I hadn't really anticipated was that | :24:55. | :24:57. | |
people thought coalition would be a lowest common denominator. It | :24:58. | :25:03. | |
certainly hasn't been that. This is a question that comes if you have | :25:04. | :25:07. | |
been a very long time at the heart of Government. Compare it with the | :25:08. | :25:12. | |
awful last years of Major and Brown? The final year of John Major, you | :25:13. | :25:21. | |
are right, he had real problems with getting a majority because the Tory | :25:22. | :25:24. | |
Party was split and it was hard to get legislation through. They didn't | :25:25. | :25:27. | |
have a fixed date for the election, they were hanging on to see, well, | :25:28. | :25:33. | |
can we, is something going to turn round. Simply with Gordon Brown you | :25:34. | :25:37. | |
will remember all of the damage, I think, was caused by that on-off | :25:38. | :25:43. | |
election issue. Well that's history. Thank you very much. What is time? | :25:44. | :25:50. | |
At this point in the day you might well think life's too short to | :25:51. | :25:54. | |
embark upon a question like that. Yet someone has do it some how and | :25:55. | :25:58. | |
do it in terms that are relatively easy to understand. The question was | :25:59. | :26:04. | |
last year's Flame Challenge, a competition initiated by the actor, | :26:05. | :26:07. | |
Alan Alda, in which scientists are asked to explain a piece of complex | :26:08. | :26:12. | |
science in a way that an 11-year-old can understand. This year's trying | :26:13. | :26:16. | |
to find someone who can explain what is colour? I will be asking him why | :26:17. | :26:23. | |
shortly. First we invited the BBC science presenter and an artist to | :26:24. | :26:33. | |
have a go. Chloryl colour is the differences in how your eye sees | :26:34. | :26:37. | |
light. For me I think the most important thing is that it adds a | :26:38. | :26:42. | |
different dimension or layer to everything that you see. For example | :26:43. | :26:47. | |
emotions can make you feel really happy or disturbed or very calm. | :26:48. | :26:56. | |
They can also remind you of things in way that smell would. Imagine you | :26:57. | :27:00. | |
are stood in a pitch black room, you can't see the colour of anything | :27:01. | :27:04. | |
around you, you need to turn on the light. That is how you are going to | :27:05. | :27:07. | |
be able to see the colours of things. So colour must be something | :27:08. | :27:11. | |
to do with light. It is, in fact it is everything to do with light, | :27:12. | :27:16. | |
because light comes in different colours. You know this from things | :27:17. | :27:19. | |
like traffic lights, traffic sleights can be red, they can be -- | :27:20. | :27:24. | |
traffic lights can be red, green and amber, and light can be any colour | :27:25. | :27:28. | |
at the rainbow, when you are looking at your red bag, it is white light | :27:29. | :27:33. | |
shining on your bag and your bag is absorbing all that light and soaking | :27:34. | :27:36. | |
it up. All the different colours are getting soaked up, except for red. | :27:37. | :27:40. | |
The red light is bouncing off it and into your eyes. That is what makes | :27:41. | :27:51. | |
your bag red. The actor Alan Alda, who set the challenge, joins us now | :27:52. | :27:54. | |
from New York. We will come to the particular question of colour in a | :27:55. | :27:58. | |
second. But this general mission of seeking to explain science, how | :27:59. | :28:03. | |
important do you think it is? Oh I think it is crucial to us, it is | :28:04. | :28:09. | |
getting more and more important because our lives are surrounded by | :28:10. | :28:14. | |
science. We're like fish swimming in a sea of science. If we don't know | :28:15. | :28:18. | |
what it is that we're living in, it is not so good for us. It is a | :28:19. | :28:22. | |
little dangerous. We have to be able to ask good questions about it, and | :28:23. | :28:25. | |
we have to be able to decide who gets funding for what science? And | :28:26. | :28:30. | |
that needs knowledge to do that. Why do we need to understand how and why | :28:31. | :28:39. | |
it works just because it is around us? Well for two reasons. One is | :28:40. | :28:45. | |
that it affects us and sometimes we're afraid of the effect it is | :28:46. | :28:51. | |
having on us. Should we be afraid or more afraid. And the other reason, | :28:52. | :28:55. | |
maybe even more important, I think, is science is beautiful. It elevates | :28:56. | :29:03. | |
you in spirit the way music and literature does. Why should we be | :29:04. | :29:11. | |
denied that. We wouldn't say why museums with paintings in them, why | :29:12. | :29:15. | |
no signs. Why are some scientists so bad at communicating the beauty in | :29:16. | :29:20. | |
it then? Scientists are taught for a very good reason to keep emotion, to | :29:21. | :29:25. | |
keep stories out of their work when they are doing science. And they are | :29:26. | :29:28. | |
encouraged to use words with very special meanings. Because if you can | :29:29. | :29:33. | |
say something that takes five pages to say in plain language, but you | :29:34. | :29:38. | |
can say it in one word and your fellow scientist knows what you | :29:39. | :29:41. | |
mean, you ought to use that language. We can't understand that, | :29:42. | :29:45. | |
and we can only really keep up with what they are doing if they will | :29:46. | :29:50. | |
tell us in story or immammings of things -- images of things in a way | :29:51. | :29:54. | |
of talking that we are used to hearing. They have to learn, relearn | :29:55. | :29:58. | |
what it is like to talk to people and figure out what they are | :29:59. | :30:01. | |
thinking as they are talking to them. That is what I think any way. | :30:02. | :30:06. | |
Do you really think that almost any scientific concept can be explained | :30:07. | :30:20. | |
in terms Intelable succinctly -- intelligle and succinctly to | :30:21. | :30:31. | |
11-year-olds? I have seen videos of 11-year-olds around the world | :30:32. | :30:33. | |
judging this connest it. What is fun about this contest is the kids judge | :30:34. | :30:37. | |
the scientists, that is something they love. It is for an 11-year-old | :30:38. | :30:41. | |
kid to say that is a very good answer but it doesn't make it clear | :30:42. | :30:51. | |
enough! That is terrific. The thing that most common complaint they have | :30:52. | :30:54. | |
about the entries is there is not enough information in them. They are | :30:55. | :30:57. | |
very serious about this. They want to understand it and they want it in | :30:58. | :31:01. | |
terms that are familiar to them. But one kid said you can be funny when | :31:02. | :31:07. | |
you are talking to us, but don't be silly, we are 11 not seven. They | :31:08. | :31:11. | |
take it very seriously. The compo trois explanations we had | :31:12. | :31:16. | |
there of what colour is -- the two explanations we had of what colour | :31:17. | :31:22. | |
is, I hope you were able to see them. They were pretty clear, are | :31:23. | :31:28. | |
they anywhere near making the grade as far as your contest is concerned, | :31:29. | :31:34. | |
or is it not your concern but the 11-year-olds? It is 11-year-olds | :31:35. | :31:39. | |
around the world. 22,000 have joined up to be judges of the contest. It | :31:40. | :31:42. | |
sounded to me like they were very good the ones you played. If their | :31:43. | :31:49. | |
they are scientists giving us -- if they are scientists giving those | :31:50. | :31:55. | |
explanation, I hope they will go to the Flame Challenge website and | :31:56. | :31:58. | |
hopefully they will win. The guy who won the first year's contest, it is | :31:59. | :32:03. | |
so wonderful, he made a video that was about six or seven minutes long, | :32:04. | :32:08. | |
wrote it, he acted in it, he animated it, wrote a song, played | :32:09. | :32:11. | |
all the instruments and sang the song. He won the contest and was | :32:12. | :32:17. | |
asked to be a producer of a children's television show on | :32:18. | :32:20. | |
science, he offered me a job. This is great, I mean whoever did those | :32:21. | :32:26. | |
videos could have a giant career out of this! Thank you. Going off to | :32:27. | :32:35. | |
college or university is the start of independent life. Yet college | :32:36. | :32:39. | |
students in America are among the most vulnerable group when it comes | :32:40. | :32:41. | |
to rape or sexual assault, apparently. A White House report | :32:42. | :32:45. | |
claims that one in five American women is the victim of a sex attack | :32:46. | :32:50. | |
during their college days. Considering the millions in tertiary | :32:51. | :32:54. | |
education, the total is likely very big. Many survivors say the | :32:55. | :32:57. | |
universities themselves are failing to deal with the issue. The BBC's | :32:58. | :33:04. | |
North America correspondent reports on the scale of the issue and how | :33:05. | :33:15. | |
more victims a starting to speak up. We don't want to talk about it, but | :33:16. | :33:19. | |
we have to. It is happening so often. My life in college was | :33:20. | :33:23. | |
completely destroyed by something that was out of my control. And | :33:24. | :33:27. | |
that's just an injustice I feel obligated to help remedy. Six years | :33:28. | :33:34. | |
ago Julia Dixon was sexually assaulted on campus by a fellow | :33:35. | :33:38. | |
student. She's speaking out about her experience for the first time. I | :33:39. | :33:41. | |
thought that's never going to happen to me, I don't drink, I never drank, | :33:42. | :33:48. | |
don't do drugs, I didn't go places where this happens. I was doing it | :33:49. | :33:52. | |
right and being a good girl and it wasn't going to be me. Julia is one | :33:53. | :33:57. | |
of a growing number of students filing complaints against their | :33:58. | :34:00. | |
universities for the way they say their claims of sexual assault were | :34:01. | :34:04. | |
dealt with. According to Government figures one in five women are | :34:05. | :34:08. | |
sexually assaulted during their time in college or university. With a | :34:09. | :34:12. | |
large majority of attacks commitmented by someone they already | :34:13. | :34:16. | |
know. Survivors of rape on college campuses suffer from high levels of | :34:17. | :34:24. | |
post-traumatic stress disorder, depressure. The rates of conviction | :34:25. | :34:29. | |
are staggeringly low at 12%. Many say it is not coming forward that is | :34:30. | :34:33. | |
a big hurdle to overcome, it is the response they get from the | :34:34. | :34:39. | |
institutions they turn to for HECHLT Typically students who have been | :34:40. | :34:42. | |
sexually assaulted seek help through the university system itself. Going | :34:43. | :34:45. | |
to police on campus and college officials rather than taking their | :34:46. | :34:50. | |
complaints outside. Julia says she received some support from the | :34:51. | :34:54. | |
university in Ohio, in the immediate aftermath of the incident. Her taker | :34:55. | :34:59. | |
denied the assault, and while campus Police investigated she tried to | :35:00. | :35:03. | |
pursue him through the university's disciplinary process. This is where, | :35:04. | :35:07. | |
she says, the problems began. They also told me that he would have to | :35:08. | :35:11. | |
be in the room with me when I testified and he would get to ask me | :35:12. | :35:15. | |
direct questions about what happened. And three days after he | :35:16. | :35:23. | |
raped me I wasn't in any sort of emotional state to even be anywhere | :35:24. | :35:27. | |
in the vicinity of him, let alone have a conversation with him about | :35:28. | :35:32. | |
what he did. And their remedy to that was oh maybe he can have | :35:33. | :35:37. | |
somebody there and ask the questions through them but he still has to be | :35:38. | :35:41. | |
in the room. I said I'm sorry you can't expect me to go through with | :35:42. | :35:46. | |
that right now, it was Friday and I was raped Tuesday. At that point I | :35:47. | :35:51. | |
decided I will wait until my rape kit comes back because I know I'm | :35:52. | :35:54. | |
telling the truth and then I can get him expelled. Unfortunately what I | :35:55. | :35:58. | |
thought would take eight maybe ten weeks ended up taking over a | :35:59. | :36:03. | |
year-and-a-half. And in that time there was, my hands were tied. I | :36:04. | :36:06. | |
felt like there was nothing I could do. I felt completely helpless. What | :36:07. | :36:10. | |
changes do you think your university and others across America need to | :36:11. | :36:14. | |
really bring in to help survivors like yourself? I wish that the | :36:15. | :36:17. | |
university would have taken into consideration the stress that I was | :36:18. | :36:21. | |
very clearly suffering from. To me it felt like they didn't really know | :36:22. | :36:24. | |
how to handle it and didn't care to try. I received no sort of help that | :36:25. | :36:31. | |
semester, I had no assistance with my classes or excused absence, I was | :36:32. | :36:35. | |
treated the same way as everyone else in my class was treated, but I | :36:36. | :36:40. | |
was dealing with a very severe trauma. Last month President Obama | :36:41. | :36:48. | |
launched a task force to address the issue of campus assault. The stigma | :36:49. | :36:51. | |
around it means it is impossible to know the scale of the problem. The | :36:52. | :36:55. | |
one in five figure released by the White House is based on several stud | :36:56. | :37:00. | |
year, including research from 2007 in which seven thousand students at | :37:01. | :37:04. | |
two large public universities from interviewed. Protecting young women | :37:05. | :37:09. | |
and men from sexual violence and ensuring colleges do more to respond | :37:10. | :37:12. | |
is now a priority at the highest level. My hope and intention is | :37:13. | :37:17. | |
every college President who has not personally been thinking about this | :37:18. | :37:23. | |
is going to hear about this report and is going to go out and figure | :37:24. | :37:30. | |
out who is in charge on their campus of responding properly, what are the | :37:31. | :37:34. | |
best practices. Are we doing everything we should be doing? If | :37:35. | :37:38. | |
you are not doing that right now I want the students at the school to | :37:39. | :37:41. | |
ask the President what he's doing or she's doing. These images are part | :37:42. | :37:50. | |
of Project Unbreakable, and shows survivors of sexual assault | :37:51. | :37:55. | |
photographed with quotes from their attackers. It is a sign of growing | :37:56. | :38:00. | |
activism, more survivors are coming forward to share experiences and | :38:01. | :38:04. | |
taking part in a national conversation. Universities judge it | :38:05. | :38:08. | |
as an epidemic, they don't learn from each other, they treat it as a | :38:09. | :38:13. | |
PR problem. Now we are more comfortable sharing our stories and | :38:14. | :38:17. | |
organised and holding them account, now we are considered a force. This | :38:18. | :38:20. | |
woman says she was sexually assaulted during her first year at | :38:21. | :38:24. | |
university. In January 2013 she filed a FRARM could plaint against | :38:25. | :38:30. | |
-- filed a federal complaint against her college. She is now one of the | :38:31. | :38:33. | |
country's leading activists on the issue of college rape. Along with | :38:34. | :38:37. | |
other survivors she set up a national advice and support network. | :38:38. | :38:41. | |
In so many ways universities thinks they can contain it and deter it by | :38:42. | :38:46. | |
you know making them do book report, by making them take time off. By | :38:47. | :38:49. | |
making them just keep quiet. And they don't look at it as a holistic | :38:50. | :38:53. | |
problem. They don't treat that person like a criminal. They treat | :38:54. | :38:56. | |
that person like a student who made a mistake. And sexual assault is not | :38:57. | :39:00. | |
a mistake, it has to go back to that. The US Department of | :39:01. | :39:04. | |
education's office of civil rights, OCR, is currently investigating more | :39:05. | :39:10. | |
than 35 complaints nationwide. Including the University of North | :39:11. | :39:15. | |
Carolina Chapel Hill, awaiting the findings in its case. What we want | :39:16. | :39:19. | |
at the end of the day is this policy to be read from both reporting | :39:20. | :39:22. | |
party, responding party as being fair and balanced. In the past year | :39:23. | :39:26. | |
the college has revised its policies and hired a new team to improve its | :39:27. | :39:31. | |
response to sexual violence. Howard is Callum is the lead co-ordinator. | :39:32. | :39:36. | |
. What we have done here has not been because of the OCR | :39:37. | :39:40. | |
investigation, I think that the university recognised even before | :39:41. | :39:44. | |
the complaints were filed that we needed to do things better and | :39:45. | :39:49. | |
differently. We have taken a number of measures to provide increased | :39:50. | :39:54. | |
support to survivors to improve its complaint processing system. To ramp | :39:55. | :39:59. | |
up the education programmes. One of the biggest challenges is changing | :40:00. | :40:04. | |
attitudes over what is and isn't acceptable sexual behaviour on many | :40:05. | :40:08. | |
college campuses. This workshop is about giving students the confidence | :40:09. | :40:13. | |
to speak up if they witness inaproper rate behaviour -- | :40:14. | :40:17. | |
inappropriate behaviour among their peers. If there is someone touching | :40:18. | :40:22. | |
someone on the dance floor in a way that makes someone feel | :40:23. | :40:25. | |
uncomfortable. Before you leave the house talking about behaviours and | :40:26. | :40:28. | |
talking to friend about how much they are going to be drinking. To | :40:29. | :40:32. | |
what extent do you think a macho culture means people don't want to | :40:33. | :40:37. | |
step in? It is hard, people grow up with it. This is what they are | :40:38. | :40:41. | |
taught from day one that men are, it is essentialism, men are a certain | :40:42. | :40:46. | |
way and women are a certain way, men and women are supposed to act a | :40:47. | :40:50. | |
certain way. That is one of the things we are indirectly trying tole | :40:51. | :40:53. | |
change. The fact that you are supposed to pursue or think about | :40:54. | :40:57. | |
sex in this way. Campaigners say conviction rates for | :40:58. | :41:01. | |
cases of sexual assault on college campuses are still too low. Julia's | :41:02. | :41:05. | |
one of the few survivors who did eventually get some justice through | :41:06. | :41:09. | |
the legal system. By then I was a junior in college and I had lost a | :41:10. | :41:13. | |
scholarship and I moved off campus and got a job to support the lack of | :41:14. | :41:20. | |
scholarship that I had. And he had already left campus. In a statement | :41:21. | :41:26. | |
to Newsnight the university in Ohio said. | :41:27. | :42:05. | |
Unfortunately for the victim the rape is not a single act that | :42:06. | :42:14. | |
happens one night. It is a long, enduring very depressing emotional | :42:15. | :42:18. | |
rollercoaster that goes on potentially for years. I don't think | :42:19. | :42:23. | |
the university understands that. My rape did not end the night that I | :42:24. | :42:28. | |
went to the hospital. It ended the night that I finally got justice. If | :42:29. | :42:32. | |
I wasn't granted that I think I would be still living in it. Now in | :42:33. | :42:38. | |
the past hour Facebook has announced that it's going to buy the mobile | :42:39. | :42:49. | |
instant messaging service What isapp, it is Facebook's biggest | :42:50. | :42:53. | |
purchase to date. The app which has 450 million users is another way to | :42:54. | :42:58. | |
send instant messages at no cost. But Facebook already has its own | :42:59. | :43:06. | |
means of doing it. Why bother? Matt Butcher is editor of a tech | :43:07. | :43:09. | |
magazine. Is this a big deal? We think this is the largest | :43:10. | :43:13. | |
acquisition of an internet start-up, less than five years old in history. | :43:14. | :43:18. | |
It looks, the way you see these prices going up, each time there is | :43:19. | :43:21. | |
an acquisition, it looks like a bubble, doesn't it? Well, the issue | :43:22. | :43:29. | |
here is that Facebook needs growth. Facebook has become, you know, | :43:30. | :43:33. | |
something that your grandparents are on, everybody is on it now. But the | :43:34. | :43:38. | |
kids and the young people are using messaging platforms like WhatsApp to | :43:39. | :43:46. | |
interact.ment not using Facebook as much -- to interact. They are not | :43:47. | :43:52. | |
using Facebook as much as before. It is much cheaper for people in Asia | :43:53. | :43:57. | |
and Africa to contact each other using the app than any other way. | :43:58. | :44:03. | |
450 million users huge. How will Facebook make money out of it? | :44:04. | :44:07. | |
Facebook has done a very good job so far of pulling in revenues based on | :44:08. | :44:12. | |
advertising, it is now doing things like commerce and e-commerce. The | :44:13. | :44:18. | |
app will be doing similar kinds of things and also in virtual goods. | :44:19. | :44:24. | |
People will pay a premium to message in particular ways or to use virtual | :44:25. | :44:29. | |
goods as part of their messaging. What is using a virtual good as part | :44:30. | :44:35. | |
of your messaging? Instead of using just text they might send picksures | :44:36. | :44:48. | |
or those kinds of hings. Why did Facebook's share price shop on this | :44:49. | :44:53. | |
news? Shareholders are worried that Facebook is buying growth rather | :44:54. | :44:57. | |
than having growth internalised in its own company core strengths. It | :44:58. | :45:01. | |
sends a signal to the market that perhaps Facebook doesn't have all | :45:02. | :45:09. | |
the magic touch it once had. It puts Twitter pretty inch the shade | :45:10. | :45:15. | |
doesn't it? Yes, it does. Of course Twitter did its own public market | :45:16. | :45:18. | |
floatation and it has had some issues on the way. Since it floated. | :45:19. | :45:25. | |
The jury is still out where be where Twitter goes from here and there was | :45:26. | :45:37. | |
a lot of scepticism about recent results. One of the founders of the | :45:38. | :45:43. | |
app is Ukrainian so interesting merging of stories. Tonight's Brit | :45:44. | :45:47. | |
Awards saw an unexpected intrusion into the debate on Scottish | :45:48. | :45:52. | |
independence by David Bowie who won the British Male Solo artist. He | :45:53. | :46:00. | |
wasn't at the ceremony but used the supermodel Kate Moss to deliver the | :46:01. | :46:05. | |
message. I'm completely delighted, I am, aren't I Kate? Yes. I think it | :46:06. | :46:11. | |
is a great way to end the day. Thank y very, very much, and Scotland stay | :46:12. | :46:18. | |
with us. And a quick look at some of tomorrow morning's front pages now. | :46:19. | :46:27. | |
The Guardian has news of the Tony Blair intervention in the Rebekah | :46:28. | :46:30. | |
Brooks court case. That's all from us tonight, I have | :46:31. | :46:48. | |
one more thing to say, bouncing goats, look at this, good night! | :46:49. | :46:56. | |
# High on a hill # Was a lonely goat herd | :46:57. | :47:10. | |
# Le-ol-le-e-hiho Good evening. Some wind and rain, | :47:11. | :47:47. | |
but that's going to happen overnight. I think tomorrow, | :47:48. | :47:51. | |
especially in the afternoon the weather should be actually not all | :47:52. | :47:55. | |
that bad, once the wind and rain clears out into the North Sea. | :47:56. | :47:57. |