Browse content similar to 27/03/2014. Check below for episodes and series from the same categories and more!
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thanks to an invitation to a gay wedding. A poll says one in five of | :00:00. | :00:20. | |
us would refusing to. As the new comes into force on Saturday, choirs | :00:21. | :00:24. | |
and couples across England warm up for the big day. Being married by a | :00:25. | :00:35. | |
gay Irish registrar and Britain's longest serving female black | :00:36. | :00:39. | |
registrar, and that is happening in the heart of the country. That is | :00:40. | :00:42. | |
what makes Britain great for me. Why do some people not want to witness | :00:43. | :00:48. | |
the new kind of "I do". We know about global warming but are quash | :00:49. | :00:52. | |
Bonn emissions turning our oceans into acid. These bubbles seep out of | :00:53. | :01:02. | |
volcanic vents, this gives scientists a clue what oceans will | :01:03. | :01:08. | |
look like as man made O2 gets dissolved into sea water everywhere. | :01:09. | :01:14. | |
The trauma of Afghan war veterans as told by their children. He pulled me | :01:15. | :01:19. | |
under the table and said take cover because the door banged and it made | :01:20. | :01:21. | |
a loud noise like a bomb! . Good evening, witnesses to wedding | :01:22. | :01:36. | |
ceremonies have been asked for centuries to support the happy | :01:37. | :01:41. | |
couple with a rousing "we will". But for gay marriage, legal from | :01:42. | :01:45. | |
midnight tomorrow t appears a sizeable chunk of the population | :01:46. | :01:53. | |
would still say, "we will not". An exclusive poll said we would refuse | :01:54. | :01:57. | |
to attend a friend or relative's wedding if it was to the same-sex. | :01:58. | :02:04. | |
With the Archbishop's announcement that the church may be softening. Is | :02:05. | :02:10. | |
it stubborn prejudice that refuses to disappear of the or has the law | :02:11. | :02:15. | |
run ahead what some parts of society find difficult to accept. The music | :02:16. | :02:28. | |
might be traditional, and the lyrics from the Middle Ages, but the event | :02:29. | :02:33. | |
is very modern. This weekend the Fourth Choir, formed six months ago | :02:34. | :02:38. | |
by members of London's gay community will be performing live at a series | :02:39. | :02:43. | |
of events in the capital. 47 years after homosexuality was legalised, | :02:44. | :02:48. | |
nine years after the first civil partnerships, same-sex couples are | :02:49. | :02:51. | |
about to get the right to marry. One of the first couples to exchange | :02:52. | :02:59. | |
vows will be John and his Spanish fiance Barnardo. Their wedding just | :03:00. | :03:04. | |
past the stroke of midnight on Saturday is being filmed and | :03:05. | :03:10. | |
broadcast next week on BBC London. When we get married tomorrow night | :03:11. | :03:15. | |
it will be the first time in our history in the gay community you | :03:16. | :03:19. | |
have total equality. But there is a long way to go in hearts and minds, | :03:20. | :03:24. | |
there is homophobia there. We live a very boring, for us it is a | :03:25. | :03:29. | |
contented life here, and when you read homophobic sort of comments in | :03:30. | :03:32. | |
the newspaper, you listen to what people have to say about us, and the | :03:33. | :03:39. | |
recent floods apparently because of gay marriage, this is a monster out | :03:40. | :03:44. | |
there that doesn't exist. A poll for BBC five life -- BBC five live show | :03:45. | :03:49. | |
just how far things have come on It was especially true of young | :03:50. | :04:01. | |
voters. Eight out of ten supported gay marriage compared with 44% of | :04:02. | :04:07. | |
over 65s. Four out of ten still don't see same-sex marriage equal to | :04:08. | :04:13. | |
hetrosexual marriage. And 22% of British adults wouldn't | :04:14. | :04:20. | |
attend a ceremony. It is only 22%, that is a huge change to 40 years | :04:21. | :04:24. | |
ago when I was going to school and realised that I was gay. I think | :04:25. | :04:29. | |
that's quite encouraging it is only 22%. For those 22%, they are missing | :04:30. | :04:34. | |
great party. This change to the law still leaves some loose ends, it | :04:35. | :04:39. | |
won't be possible to convert a civil partnership into full marriage until | :04:40. | :04:43. | |
next year. As things stand same-sex couples will still struggle to get | :04:44. | :04:47. | |
married in most churches. In an interview with the Guardian | :04:48. | :04:50. | |
tomorrow, the Archbishop of Canterbury will signal he accepts | :04:51. | :04:54. | |
gay marriage will soon be law and says he will not resist the change, | :04:55. | :04:59. | |
but Anglican Clergy will still be banned from conducting same-sex | :05:00. | :05:03. | |
ceremonies. Sharon Ferguson is the Pastor of the metropolitan community | :05:04. | :05:13. | |
church a non-C of E congregation. It is sad for members of the lesbian | :05:14. | :05:18. | |
gay and Christian movement who are members of the Church of England. It | :05:19. | :05:21. | |
is sad for them, whilst they could go to other churches who are | :05:22. | :05:24. | |
registered, they are not going to be able to get married within the | :05:25. | :05:27. | |
church where they perhaps regularly worship. And that is a sad | :05:28. | :05:32. | |
situation. It is very sad for the priests within the Church of England | :05:33. | :05:35. | |
who would like to be able to marry members of their congregation as | :05:36. | :05:40. | |
well. This Saturday is then an important date for the gay rights | :05:41. | :05:44. | |
movement, a time of celebration for many. But the day when same-sex | :05:45. | :05:49. | |
marriage really means completely equal marriage may still be some way | :05:50. | :05:58. | |
off. With us to talk about this tonight are my guests. Melanie, this | :05:59. | :06:04. | |
poll suggests there is a sizeable minority of people who just wouldn't | :06:05. | :06:08. | |
go to a gay wedding. Why do you think that is the case? Speaking for | :06:09. | :06:17. | |
myself I'm very much in favour of going to a party, and never | :06:18. | :06:21. | |
knowingly turn down a wedding invitation, but if one is opposed to | :06:22. | :06:24. | |
the principle of gay marriage it would be a bit hypocritical to go to | :06:25. | :06:28. | |
the ceremony. You clearly would not attend a gay wedding, even if it was | :06:29. | :06:33. | |
from a close relative or a good friend? As I say I would be loathe | :06:34. | :06:38. | |
to turn down a fabulous party but I think it would be hypocritical if I | :06:39. | :06:42. | |
were to do so because I have an objection in principle to the notion | :06:43. | :06:50. | |
of gay marriage, though I would perfectly happily attend a civil | :06:51. | :06:54. | |
partnership ceremony. Is it the reality that politicians pushed | :06:55. | :06:57. | |
through this legislation for gay marriage specifically at such a | :06:58. | :07:01. | |
speed that some parts of society just haven't been willing yet to | :07:02. | :07:05. | |
accept that. And they have the right not to? They have the right not to, | :07:06. | :07:11. | |
they perfectly have the right not to go to celebrate the relationships, | :07:12. | :07:17. | |
the family bonds of even people they know very well. That's people's | :07:18. | :07:24. | |
liberty. Certainly politicians sometimes push something through | :07:25. | :07:27. | |
that they believe is right, even if they don't think that everybody is | :07:28. | :07:33. | |
with them. Even if they think that it's a minority this is going to | :07:34. | :07:38. | |
benefit. But in this case the politicians I believe took the view | :07:39. | :07:46. | |
this it wasn't going to affect every member of society, it was going to | :07:47. | :07:51. | |
affect a small minority, a relatively small minority about 10% | :07:52. | :07:55. | |
of the population, but for those people it is going to change their | :07:56. | :07:59. | |
lives, it really is. For the rest of the population who it is going to | :08:00. | :08:03. | |
affect them indirectly or it might not affect them at all. I think they | :08:04. | :08:08. | |
just did the right thing. Why do you think there are still a sizeable | :08:09. | :08:12. | |
chunk of society, a sizeable chunk like Melanie who wouldn't want to go | :08:13. | :08:16. | |
because they still object? I think it is unfamiliarity to be honest, in | :08:17. | :08:25. | |
most cases I think it is unfamiliarity. It would be | :08:26. | :08:29. | |
interesting to see if the 22%, if they had spent time or related to | :08:30. | :08:35. | |
gay person. But for Melanie it is not familiarity it is an objection | :08:36. | :08:40. | |
to the principle, there are still many people still object to the | :08:41. | :08:43. | |
principle? People are entitled to their own principles, people don't | :08:44. | :08:47. | |
have to go to parties. I really don't mind Melanie's freedom of | :08:48. | :08:52. | |
speech, she can protest against my wedding outside my wedding if she | :08:53. | :08:56. | |
wants, we will bring her out a Di Canio pay. Melanie sometimes -- A | :08:57. | :09:03. | |
canepe. Isn't it up to politicians to lead public opinion? I think also | :09:04. | :09:11. | |
they have to saying could go conthis sans of -- cognissance of the people | :09:12. | :09:17. | |
too, and he was out-of-touch with his own party and even his own | :09:18. | :09:22. | |
mother. Plenty of people opposed the idea of giving people the vote and | :09:23. | :09:26. | |
divorce law, minorities can't always get their way? I'm in entirely in | :09:27. | :09:32. | |
favour of politicians acting on principle, one could only hope they | :09:33. | :09:35. | |
did so more often. You are suggest ago principle when it is one you | :09:36. | :09:39. | |
agree with. Do you accept the status of gay relationship is the same in | :09:40. | :09:43. | |
status as that between a man and a woman? No, because it lacks the | :09:44. | :09:49. | |
potential fruitfulness of a hetrosexual relationship, which | :09:50. | :09:51. | |
isn't to say it isn't a good and valuable thing in itself, but it | :09:52. | :09:55. | |
lacks that element which is fundamental to matterage. -- | :09:56. | :10:01. | |
Marriage. That is something I can't engage with, there are very happy | :10:02. | :10:07. | |
marriages of all sorts that have no prospect of fruitfulness. But how do | :10:08. | :10:12. | |
you feel tonight when this is the law that is changing tomorrow at | :10:13. | :10:18. | |
midnight when you still hear that? I'm very relaxed about difference of | :10:19. | :10:23. | |
opinion, so long as this difference of opinion doesn't then descend and | :10:24. | :10:27. | |
presume to tell me how I may live my life with my husband. Briefly who | :10:28. | :10:32. | |
has had an invite yet? I haven't, oddly enough. Maybe that is my | :10:33. | :10:39. | |
reckless and friends going on living in sin, I don't know. Melanie, even | :10:40. | :10:43. | |
the receptions not the first part of the ceremony? Tragically not even to | :10:44. | :10:51. | |
a civil partnership which I would like to attend very much. One can | :10:52. | :10:56. | |
wish people well in their relationships even if one stops at | :10:57. | :11:00. | |
celebrating and reworking the institution. Thank you for coming | :11:01. | :11:03. | |
in. It will be facinating to see how this all unfolds. 15 years of | :11:04. | :11:08. | |
privatisation and we still haven't got it right. It is not much | :11:09. | :11:12. | |
surprise to energy customers staggered by rises in their bills. | :11:13. | :11:16. | |
But should we be puzzled that the energy regulator seems to have just | :11:17. | :11:20. | |
cottoned on to the fact that the market doesn't work that well. | :11:21. | :11:23. | |
Politicians have been falling over themselves to welcome the idea of | :11:24. | :11:27. | |
investigating the big six energy companies. But Ofgem's review of the | :11:28. | :11:31. | |
sector doesn't really tell us that much we didn't know. Is our policy | :11:32. | :11:37. | |
editor asking why start another investigation now, could it just be | :11:38. | :11:41. | |
a political fix? More to the point perhaps is it a good idea? We like | :11:42. | :11:54. | |
competition, it is supposed to bring the best out of people. It is meant | :11:55. | :11:59. | |
to create fitter, faster and crucially leaner specimens. But in | :12:00. | :12:05. | |
the energy market it hasn't quite had the effects that some had hoped | :12:06. | :12:15. | |
for. Between 2009 and 2013 energy prices rose by 24%. Over the same | :12:16. | :12:22. | |
period, other prices only rose by 1%. Profit margin force the so | :12:23. | :12:28. | |
called "big six" energy companies rose too, from under 1% on sales of | :12:29. | :12:34. | |
gas and electricity up to 4. 3%, hardly scandalous numbers, but it is | :12:35. | :12:40. | |
a sustained rise. That's why, as you will know unless you have been | :12:41. | :12:43. | |
living without power for the last year, energy has become a major | :12:44. | :12:49. | |
political flash point. Ed Miliband, the Labour leader, has promised to | :12:50. | :12:54. | |
freeze prices for 20 months while he holds major reforms of the energy | :12:55. | :12:58. | |
market. But today, Ofgem, the independent energy regulator has | :12:59. | :13:02. | |
gone ahead of him. It has asked the competition authorities to hold an | :13:03. | :13:06. | |
investigation into the energy markets. What will they be looking | :13:07. | :13:10. | |
at? In an ideal world you will have some competition in the market and | :13:11. | :13:16. | |
some switching between pliers suppliers, that should drive down | :13:17. | :13:23. | |
prices for everyone. But energy companies use sophisticated analysis | :13:24. | :13:27. | |
to understand different behaviours for different groups of customers. | :13:28. | :13:31. | |
When they work out that a certain group of customers are unlikely to | :13:32. | :13:34. | |
switch under any circumstances, they charge them a high price. And for | :13:35. | :13:37. | |
the customers they think are likely to switch they offer them a very low | :13:38. | :13:41. | |
price, what actually happens is you have a competitive market that only | :13:42. | :13:49. | |
some get the benefit of. There are barriers for smaller independent | :13:50. | :13:51. | |
companies that want to enter the market. Not least that with almost | :13:52. | :13:56. | |
two thirds of people never having consciously switched suppliers they | :13:57. | :14:00. | |
struggle to grow. Some companies also find they can make more money | :14:01. | :14:05. | |
if they stay small. That all means there is a lack of new competitors | :14:06. | :14:10. | |
and that might be why Ofgem suspects so called "tacit co-ordination" | :14:11. | :14:16. | |
between the big six. That doesn't mean that Ofgem thinks the major | :14:17. | :14:19. | |
energy suppliers are running some sort of cartel, it is just that | :14:20. | :14:25. | |
without effective competition they tend to move a little bit more like | :14:26. | :14:28. | |
a pack than they ought to, and don't do enough jostling for new | :14:29. | :14:33. | |
customers. That is why, Ofgem suspect, they are quite fast to put | :14:34. | :14:39. | |
up prices when costs rise, and pretty slow to pass on savings when | :14:40. | :14:48. | |
the prices fall. This is nothing new, it helps the Government and | :14:49. | :14:51. | |
causes a problem for Labour, it makes it harder for them to campaign | :14:52. | :14:57. | |
on energy, some are suspicious. Unfortunately Ofgem have appeared to | :14:58. | :15:01. | |
have bowed to both political and media pressure to be seen to be | :15:02. | :15:05. | |
doing something. Which is understandable that they have done | :15:06. | :15:10. | |
that, but it does undermine both their credibility as an independent | :15:11. | :15:15. | |
regulate to and it does I'm afraid damage independent economic | :15:16. | :15:19. | |
regulation for the UK. Government insiders deny actively pushing | :15:20. | :15:24. | |
Ofgem, they say the regulator feels it should have held this review | :15:25. | :15:28. | |
years ago. But some energy companies say it is going to cause them | :15:29. | :15:32. | |
trouble. Centrica has told journalists today that plans to | :15:33. | :15:37. | |
invest in gas-pyred powertation -- gas-fired power stations have been | :15:38. | :15:45. | |
delayed. We wouldn't want to delay diversing in a few years time. Our | :15:46. | :15:52. | |
investors would naturally want us to wait and see the outcome of this | :15:53. | :15:58. | |
review. Of course Centrica is one of the regins energy market champions. | :15:59. | :16:03. | |
Unsurprisingly smaller companies who have much more to win from easier | :16:04. | :16:08. | |
competition are a lot keener on a review that might give them just | :16:09. | :16:16. | |
that. Earlier I went to speak to the new boss of the regulator, Ofgem, | :16:17. | :16:21. | |
Dermot Nolan. Given your report does not come up with new analysis and | :16:22. | :16:25. | |
talk about persistent problems, either job Geoff just hasn't -- | :16:26. | :16:30. | |
Ofgem hasn't been doing its job and there should have been an inquiry | :16:31. | :16:33. | |
much, much earlier or this is a result of political pressure? This | :16:34. | :16:36. | |
is nothing to do with political pressure. I would like to stress | :16:37. | :16:39. | |
very clearly this is three independent organisation, three | :16:40. | :16:41. | |
independent boards, all looking at the evidence, all forming the view | :16:42. | :16:46. | |
and coming to a very clear and unambiguous answer that the market | :16:47. | :16:49. | |
is not working well. But a few months ago there were plenty of | :16:50. | :16:54. | |
insiders in the industry who believed your review wouldn't turn | :16:55. | :16:57. | |
up very much new. You haven't turned up very much new, what is new is | :16:58. | :17:01. | |
that last month the Secretary of State wrote a very public letter | :17:02. | :17:05. | |
saying that he wanted there to be a reference. If that isn't political | :17:06. | :17:09. | |
interference and pressure what is? What is the case is that the | :17:10. | :17:13. | |
evidence is persistent, I want to stress that, persistent, clear, | :17:14. | :17:17. | |
easily meets the test in our view for a market reference. Persistent | :17:18. | :17:20. | |
evidence over time that competition is not working effectively. The | :17:21. | :17:23. | |
Secretary of State wrote, the Secretary of State is perfectly | :17:24. | :17:25. | |
entitled to many reviews Today energy companies have said | :17:26. | :17:48. | |
they will move out of other projects. You will note most of the | :17:49. | :17:52. | |
companies will welcome the view. That is because they thought it was | :17:53. | :17:56. | |
inevitably going to happen? They offered it as an opportunity to | :17:57. | :17:59. | |
state their case and make sure the competition is effective. They will | :18:00. | :18:02. | |
have every opportunity to make their case. Investors like certainty and | :18:03. | :18:07. | |
will need to be reassured that consumer trust is still in the | :18:08. | :18:10. | |
market. That is very much the right thing. We are taking actions to make | :18:11. | :18:13. | |
sure the lights stay on in the short-term in any case. To make sure | :18:14. | :18:18. | |
the lights stay on in ten, 20, 50 years at affordable prices it will | :18:19. | :18:22. | |
what the review will help. Some politician, particularly Labour this | :18:23. | :18:25. | |
morning, are suggesting that the fact after years there should be a | :18:26. | :18:29. | |
reference, suggests that Ofgem has basically failed in its job, there | :18:30. | :18:34. | |
should be a replacement, Ofgem has wasted years, this review should | :18:35. | :18:38. | |
have taken place a long time ago? Ofgem has not wasted years at all. | :18:39. | :18:44. | |
It has put in place good recommendation that is will improve | :18:45. | :18:48. | |
consumer experience and engagment. Not if it is allowed this | :18:49. | :18:53. | |
anti-competitive behaviour to go on? It has seen a consistent pattern, | :18:54. | :18:57. | |
that is why the markets authority set up in legislation to look at the | :18:58. | :19:02. | |
very issues, was set up to say if a market isn't working well it should | :19:03. | :19:05. | |
be referred to the competitions and markets authority. What consumers | :19:06. | :19:09. | |
don't like is high prices. And high prices have been driven in the main | :19:10. | :19:13. | |
by the rise in wholesale gas prices and there is nothing that a | :19:14. | :19:17. | |
competition review can do about that. Two things on that I | :19:18. | :19:21. | |
absolutely accept that the main driver of electricity prices is | :19:22. | :19:24. | |
fossil fuel price, that is something we can't effect, it is something we | :19:25. | :19:29. | |
are stuck -- affect, that is something we are struck with. This | :19:30. | :19:32. | |
review won't affect prices in the main? It will, given the fact we | :19:33. | :19:37. | |
can't affect fossil fuel prices it is more incumbent on us to | :19:38. | :19:40. | |
concentrate the resources on the areas of price we can affect. All | :19:41. | :19:46. | |
the suggestions that effective competition can drive prices. A | :19:47. | :19:51. | |
final thought, given that prices are some of the lowest for UK consumers | :19:52. | :19:57. | |
in Europe. We pay some of the cheapest price, do consumers have to | :19:58. | :20:02. | |
wise up? No, as I said earlier, consumers I understand, we listened | :20:03. | :20:05. | |
to them, they are concerned about the scale of increases. They don't | :20:06. | :20:09. | |
trust the sector so they need that confidence restored. That confidence | :20:10. | :20:13. | |
can be restored best through an independent, thorough and exhaustive | :20:14. | :20:17. | |
process. But prices will go on going up any way, what is the point? | :20:18. | :20:22. | |
Prices may go up, it depends on fossil fuels. We need to bear down | :20:23. | :20:26. | |
on the areas of price West can affect. If we can drive those down | :20:27. | :20:30. | |
consumers will have more trust. Thank you very much indeed. | :20:31. | :20:34. | |
We're used to hearing politicians and bunked pundits talk about | :20:35. | :20:45. | |
climate change. But we have an alarm now about C O2 in the seas. | :20:46. | :20:50. | |
Scientists say the gas in the oceans are turning it to acid, at levels | :20:51. | :20:57. | |
not seen for 300 million years. As we discovered that means danger for | :20:58. | :21:07. | |
life under the water. These bubbles are poisoning the sea. They are | :21:08. | :21:15. | |
carbon dioxide, as they dissolve they make carbonic acid. This unique | :21:16. | :21:23. | |
site off the tip of Papua New Guinea is nature's warning as humans pump | :21:24. | :21:27. | |
out more and more C O2, because it is clear that many creatures won't | :21:28. | :21:38. | |
survive. These bubbles seep out of volcanic vents and they are making | :21:39. | :21:42. | |
the water here much more naturally acidic. This spot gives scientist as | :21:43. | :21:46. | |
clue as to what the world's oceans will look like. As emissions of man | :21:47. | :21:56. | |
made CO2 continues to get dissolved into sea water everywhere. | :21:57. | :22:03. | |
We have been invited to join a scientific research boat on a | :22:04. | :22:08. | |
journey to the volcanic vents. We're not the only ones curious. Sea water | :22:09. | :22:16. | |
is already about 30% more acidic since we started burning fossil | :22:17. | :22:21. | |
fuels. That could be five times worse by the end of the century. It | :22:22. | :22:27. | |
is bad news for this part of the ocean the coral triangle, the most | :22:28. | :22:36. | |
deverse ecosystem in the seas. The impact of rising emissions will fall | :22:37. | :22:43. | |
on countries like Papua New Guinea, which rely on the coral for a | :22:44. | :22:49. | |
living. With a dawning awareness of its own fragile environment. The | :22:50. | :22:55. | |
research team arrive at the island with its own volcano, right on what | :22:56. | :23:00. | |
is known as the Pacific ring of fire. But first they need permission | :23:01. | :23:10. | |
from the villagers for their research, they own the reef. The | :23:11. | :23:15. | |
bubbles here they are carbon dioxide, it is clean but a gas that | :23:16. | :23:19. | |
is also in the air, and especially if person countries burn so much | :23:20. | :23:23. | |
fuel and coal there is more of this gas in the air and it goes into the | :23:24. | :23:36. | |
ocean. Welcome. Katerina is the expedition leader, she's collecting | :23:37. | :23:41. | |
samples from the boulder corals, they are stuff enough to cope with | :23:42. | :23:47. | |
high CO2, she's also laying a tape, starting at the volcanic events and | :23:48. | :23:50. | |
stretch ago I way to the point where the effect of the bubbles has | :23:51. | :23:55. | |
disappeared. Here it is. You don't need a science degree to see the | :23:56. | :24:03. | |
difference. These spectacular corals provide shelter for juvenile fish. | :24:04. | :24:07. | |
They can't survive under conditions of high CO2. We are losing a lot of | :24:08. | :24:14. | |
biodiversity, coral reefs are really suffering, and they are built out of | :24:15. | :24:20. | |
calcium cabonate which is highly sensitive to more acidic waters. | :24:21. | :24:25. | |
Once we lose the structure in it we are losing the biodiversity. Another | :24:26. | :24:31. | |
experiment, dislodging boxes they fix today the seabed two years ago. | :24:32. | :24:37. | |
The boxes are designed to attract creatures looking for a home. This | :24:38. | :24:43. | |
site has the level of CO2 expected in all the oceans for the end of the | :24:44. | :24:50. | |
century. The experimental boxes come on shore for analysis. They will use | :24:51. | :24:58. | |
DNA testing to establish how many species have taken up residence. We | :24:59. | :25:02. | |
need to work very quickly here, because a lot of the creatures here | :25:03. | :25:06. | |
are releasing toxins out as we speak, and those toxins are killing | :25:07. | :25:11. | |
the creatures living in the sampling device and we are losing their DNA. | :25:12. | :25:16. | |
She can make a preliminary assessment just by looking. I'm | :25:17. | :25:22. | |
extremely surprised by how poor this is. Usually I'm used to seeing a lot | :25:23. | :25:28. | |
of groups, so a lot of different crabs and a lot of different | :25:29. | :25:34. | |
mollesc. Here I only see a few. A day later s examples the sample from | :25:35. | :25:40. | |
the unpolluted site. Today this tray is full of organism, lots of | :25:41. | :25:47. | |
different species. They are all different, it is very diverse this | :25:48. | :25:53. | |
tray. All the species are the building blocks of the diversity of | :25:54. | :25:57. | |
the reef and the base of the food chain. The tiny features will have | :25:58. | :26:01. | |
their DNA established back in the lab, so the work is not finished. | :26:02. | :26:06. | |
But it is a warning, a warning that's welcomed by the people in the | :26:07. | :26:08. | |
frontline. The rich world is slowly wake to go | :26:09. | :26:39. | |
what they call the other carbon problem. I have tracked the acid | :26:40. | :26:44. | |
oceans story for a decade now, it is still largely unknown to the public, | :26:45. | :26:48. | |
but some Governments are taking notice. In Townsville on the | :26:49. | :26:54. | |
north-east coast of Australia, a new centre researches the impact on the | :26:55. | :27:00. | |
seas of high CO2, this research facility uses industrial technology. | :27:01. | :27:03. | |
This is a brand-new build to go try to address the issue of ocean | :27:04. | :27:11. | |
acidcation. It helps her to further her experiments from the field. We | :27:12. | :27:15. | |
still know very little about what it does to the different life stages | :27:16. | :27:19. | |
and we can use the organisms we are keeping here, put them under | :27:20. | :27:24. | |
controlled conditions and then test what temperature and what ocean | :27:25. | :27:33. | |
carbon does to the organisms. We can manipulate the nutrients, the carbon | :27:34. | :27:38. | |
eye dock side in the -- dioxide in the water and in a fairly controlled | :27:39. | :27:43. | |
way. Many species will lose under the changes to come, but seaweed | :27:44. | :27:48. | |
will gain, and that is not all. Our hypothesis is as corals decline, | :27:49. | :27:53. | |
sponges may do better. This tiny animal here is a one-year-old | :27:54. | :27:58. | |
sponge, and this sponge is jam packed with tiny microscopic | :27:59. | :28:02. | |
bacteria that contribute to the nutrition of the animal. What we are | :28:03. | :28:09. | |
proposing is this bacteria may photo syntesise more under CO2 enabling | :28:10. | :28:15. | |
them to grow faster and do better in the CO2 world. It sounds like a good | :28:16. | :28:20. | |
thing for the ecosystem? It depends, they essentially filter the reef, | :28:21. | :28:24. | |
and if there is contaminants they can be sensitive to that, they are | :28:25. | :28:27. | |
filtering all the compounds out of the water. They can also | :28:28. | :28:31. | |
potentionally, if there is a huge biomass of sponges create what we | :28:32. | :28:35. | |
all feeding shadow, areas where they have removed all the nutrients out | :28:36. | :28:40. | |
of the water, which wouldn't provide sufficient nutrition for other | :28:41. | :28:43. | |
animal who is live on the reef. As the scientists are finding, once you | :28:44. | :28:47. | |
start shifting the brick that is build an ecosystem, it is immposible | :28:48. | :28:52. | |
to say exactly what will happen. On the boat they are working late to | :28:53. | :28:57. | |
try to wrap up today's experiments. Scientists have made enough progress | :28:58. | :29:01. | |
already in this new field of research to know that CO2 will bring | :29:02. | :29:08. | |
enormous changes on the oceans. What I know as a scientist is what we are | :29:09. | :29:14. | |
recording here is pure chemistry and physics. The carbon dioxide in the | :29:15. | :29:19. | |
air is going into the ocean and making the ocean more acidic, | :29:20. | :29:23. | |
because it is one chemical of carbon eye dock side and one of water it | :29:24. | :29:27. | |
forms carbonic acid. We know what we are doing, it is | :29:28. | :29:46. | |
time to wake up to the reality that we just can't continue as we do | :29:47. | :29:55. | |
today. For more than 10,000 troops at its peak to now just two bases | :29:56. | :30:00. | |
remaining in Helmand Province where much of the war's worst fighting has | :30:01. | :30:04. | |
taken place, British forces have been involved in Afghanistan for 13 | :30:05. | :30:09. | |
years, 448 have died. Operations will finish by the end of this year. | :30:10. | :30:13. | |
But the experiences of those who fought will stay with them and with | :30:14. | :30:19. | |
their families and their children. The BBC's children's programme, | :30:20. | :30:22. | |
newsround, has been hearing some of their stories, here are Nathanal and | :30:23. | :30:37. | |
Ellie. My brother he was searching for IEDs and he was going along a | :30:38. | :30:46. | |
bridge and he stood on one and got blown up. We got to see him in | :30:47. | :30:50. | |
intensive care. I remember walking in and just thinking it was all a | :30:51. | :30:59. | |
bad dream that and I would wake up soon. It just kicked in and it was | :31:00. | :31:04. | |
really emotional. I couldn't believe that he was there, my brother, | :31:05. | :31:10. | |
laying in a coma. It is unbearable when you walk in there and see him. | :31:11. | :31:18. | |
He didn't look like he was going to make it at all. I don't understand | :31:19. | :31:25. | |
why we went into Afghanistan, because so many people have either | :31:26. | :31:29. | |
died or been injured out there. I don't understand why we had to go | :31:30. | :31:35. | |
over there in the first place. When he's by himself, when he thinks that | :31:36. | :31:42. | |
no-one can see he's pretty down. You can't really see any physical | :31:43. | :31:46. | |
injuries on my dad, but he suffers with mind injuries, because of what | :31:47. | :31:50. | |
he has been through in the war. When he came back from the army I found | :31:51. | :31:56. | |
it hard to cope because every time there was a loud noise or like the | :31:57. | :32:02. | |
wind or anything like that, he would shut the doors through the house, if | :32:03. | :32:06. | |
there was a window open he pulled me under the table one time and said | :32:07. | :32:12. | |
"take cover", because the door banged and it made a loud noise like | :32:13. | :32:19. | |
a bomb. He used to scream in his sleep and shout. I would wake up and | :32:20. | :32:25. | |
think "my dad's a freak". He found a way of coping with it and it was to | :32:26. | :32:39. | |
put a war film on or a loud film. He had to sleep with the film on to be | :32:40. | :32:43. | |
in that atmosphere again. The thing I struggled with is he wouldn't talk | :32:44. | :32:48. | |
to me about it. He doesn't really show emotions, he never cries. His | :32:49. | :32:58. | |
saying is "the weak only cry". With us now is retired Brigadier Mike | :32:59. | :33:05. | |
Griffiths, the former director of personnel for the British Army, who | :33:06. | :33:09. | |
lost his own son in the war on Afghanistan. And went on to train | :33:10. | :33:16. | |
visiting officers who break the news to friends and family. We have heard | :33:17. | :33:21. | |
how profoundly the families are affected. And you have seen this on | :33:22. | :33:28. | |
both sides. Yes I have. My son was wounded in Afghanistan in 2010. He | :33:29. | :33:38. | |
survived the IED and was flown home. Rather like you saw in the film | :33:39. | :33:42. | |
became back to the ICU in Birmingham where he lived for 12 days and sadly | :33:43. | :33:47. | |
succumbed to his injuries on the 5th of September 2010. I have seen that | :33:48. | :33:51. | |
side and I have also been on the knock when somebody has come to your | :33:52. | :33:54. | |
door to tell you that your son has been hurt. How did you find out? I | :33:55. | :34:00. | |
was actually on leave and my wife was about to go out the door to | :34:01. | :34:05. | |
work, she's a midwife. And there was a knock on the door and it was my | :34:06. | :34:08. | |
boss, he was stood there, and there was absolutely no reason for him to | :34:09. | :34:12. | |
be there. As soon as I saw him I knew it was going to be bad news. In | :34:13. | :34:17. | |
fact the bad news was bad, but actually he was alive, he was in | :34:18. | :34:21. | |
surgery and he had a fighting chance. So from immense low we | :34:22. | :34:26. | |
picked ourselves up, prepared to go to Birmingham because there was | :34:27. | :34:32. | |
still hope. And then once he was in hospital you were there obviously as | :34:33. | :34:37. | |
a military man, but as a father, a family member, presumably before | :34:38. | :34:42. | |
anything else? Oh definitely, and Andrew flew home with Darren who was | :34:43. | :34:48. | |
wounded the day before in the same company. The family were all there | :34:49. | :34:52. | |
too and many other families. But of course we were close because our | :34:53. | :34:56. | |
boys had been together and had been wounded almost on the same day. So, | :34:57. | :35:00. | |
yes you are, you are just a father, you are part of a machine that picks | :35:01. | :35:05. | |
you up and looks after you, amazingly well I have to say. They | :35:06. | :35:09. | |
took the load off us so we could concentrate on one thing, and one | :35:10. | :35:13. | |
thing only, which was Andrew. And then you spent your professional | :35:14. | :35:16. | |
time trying to train others to help families more effectively. But how | :35:17. | :35:21. | |
do you prepare people for that knock, how do you cope with that | :35:22. | :35:27. | |
doing the knock from the other side? The army has taken the view that we | :35:28. | :35:33. | |
do it by regimental systems, so that when the person comes to the house | :35:34. | :35:38. | |
they are from the same unit, the same organisation as the man or | :35:39. | :35:42. | |
woman who has been injured or indeed has died. And so what you have got | :35:43. | :35:47. | |
automatically is the regimental family helping to support people | :35:48. | :35:51. | |
through it. Which is hugely important. That's our decision. We | :35:52. | :35:55. | |
have also taken a very conscious view that the person who gives the | :35:56. | :35:58. | |
bad news is not the person who looks after you long-term. So we have a | :35:59. | :36:02. | |
notifying officer and then a visiting officer, so that actually | :36:03. | :36:07. | |
that awful news which really does hurt, immediately almost within | :36:08. | :36:12. | |
hours, somebody else is there who actually brings in all the welfare | :36:13. | :36:15. | |
support and other agency, they almost come as a sort of package to | :36:16. | :36:19. | |
look after you. A very professional system then, | :36:20. | :36:25. | |
perhaps. But still a human-to-human contact that must have a profound | :36:26. | :36:29. | |
impact? It does, and most of these people are volunteers, and we don't | :36:30. | :36:34. | |
train them separately, so this is in addition to their day job. And most | :36:35. | :36:38. | |
of them take a huge pride in doing it properly, because it is a fellow | :36:39. | :36:44. | |
soldier. And of course they are human and some things don't go as | :36:45. | :36:50. | |
well as they could do. Is it made harder when it is a conflict like | :36:51. | :36:54. | |
Afghanistan and there has been a lot of public misgiving about it for the | :36:55. | :36:59. | |
families, for your family. Was it worth it? That is the most difficult | :37:00. | :37:05. | |
question to answer. I take great comfort in the fact that Andrew was | :37:06. | :37:08. | |
doing a job he absolutely loved, he was a good soldier, he was a good | :37:09. | :37:12. | |
officer and he died in the service of his nation. And I hope that this | :37:13. | :37:21. | |
nation respect that and will respect all those others who died alongside | :37:22. | :37:25. | |
him. But as father that is a very difficult question to answer on | :37:26. | :37:30. | |
daily basis in a positive way. Do you think you will ever be able to | :37:31. | :37:34. | |
answer it? I'm very proud of my son, I'm also proud of having been in the | :37:35. | :37:38. | |
army for all those years, and I'm proud of a nation that sends its men | :37:39. | :37:43. | |
and women to international operations rather than just a nation | :37:44. | :37:47. | |
who looks its own borders. And I think being part of a nation like | :37:48. | :37:52. | |
that should make us all proud. So I'm enormously proud. Thank you so | :37:53. | :37:57. | |
much for coming in and sharing air memories of your son and your own | :37:58. | :38:01. | |
experiences thank you. Democracies are rarely born without pain, but | :38:02. | :38:08. | |
after just three years, post the revolution, has Egypt given up all | :38:09. | :38:12. | |
together. The head of the army, Abudl Al Sisi, has surrounded his | :38:13. | :38:16. | |
job, but not to retire quietly, but to stand as the country's President. | :38:17. | :38:20. | |
Despite violence against his opponent as swell of popular support | :38:21. | :38:24. | |
looks likely to put the strong man into power. Dignity, bread, liberty. | :38:25. | :38:36. | |
The battle cry of 2011. As Egypt's people ended six decades of military | :38:37. | :38:43. | |
rule. But three years on, after an attempt at democracy, a strongman | :38:44. | :38:47. | |
looks set to return. But it seems this is what many Egyptians actually | :38:48. | :38:57. | |
want. Field Marshal Abudl Al Sisi, the head of Egypt's army has | :38:58. | :39:02. | |
resigned so he can fight as President, a fight he's almost | :39:03. | :39:06. | |
certain to win. TRANSLATION: I stand before you in my military uniform | :39:07. | :39:10. | |
for the last time. For I have made up my mind to retire as the minister | :39:11. | :39:19. | |
of defence. He's something of a celebrity since he ousted the Muslim | :39:20. | :39:28. | |
Brotherhood last year. For many he has brought stability after three | :39:29. | :39:37. | |
years of chaos. The Muslim Brotherhood's Mohammed Morsi had | :39:38. | :39:42. | |
treated his 2012 victory as winner takes all, stacking the state with | :39:43. | :39:46. | |
Islamists, giving himself extensive powers. But after clashes with the | :39:47. | :39:53. | |
Brotherhood, the army seized power, for many it felt simply like a | :39:54. | :40:01. | |
traditional coup. This week an Egyptian court sentenced 528 Morsi | :40:02. | :40:09. | |
supporters to death, the largest mass sentence in Egypt's history. It | :40:10. | :40:13. | |
is not yet clear what a return to strongman rule will mean for Egypt. | :40:14. | :40:19. | |
The early signs are not encouraging. But if Egyptians can't have all | :40:20. | :40:25. | |
three, dignity, bread and liberty, faced with chaos will most of the | :40:26. | :40:30. | |
population in the end choose bread? With us now is Abdullah Al-Haddad | :40:31. | :40:35. | |
from the Muslim Brotherhood party which won the democratic election in | :40:36. | :40:40. | |
2012 and Dr Mona Makram-Ebeid, form MP in the parliament of Egypt. | :40:41. | :40:47. | |
Firstly to Cairo, will there ever be democracy in Egypt? Why not? Why are | :40:48. | :40:57. | |
you so sceptical, we are all very hopeful we will have a civilian | :40:58. | :41:01. | |
democracy, in fact. But in the meantime, we will have a guided | :41:02. | :41:09. | |
democracy. And a progressive one, we won't have it overnight, it will be | :41:10. | :41:13. | |
a progressive civilian democracy at some time. You call it a guided | :41:14. | :41:17. | |
democracy. But you have what looks like a regime threatening to execute | :41:18. | :41:22. | |
more than 500 of its opponents? It is not threatening to execute | :41:23. | :41:29. | |
anybody. That was the court judgment yesterday. But it is unlikely that | :41:30. | :41:36. | |
the sentence will be carried out, and if it is not struck down on | :41:37. | :41:40. | |
appeal, it will likely be commuted either by the President or by the | :41:41. | :41:48. | |
grand mufti. You say a guided democracy, that is not a free | :41:49. | :41:50. | |
society where people are able to live as they choose, or object to | :41:51. | :41:57. | |
what is happening politically! They are absolutely free, they are all | :41:58. | :42:03. | |
expressing ourselves very freely, nobody is stopping us. With hundreds | :42:04. | :42:09. | |
of people being arrested? Some people are being arrested if they | :42:10. | :42:14. | |
are found not guilty they will be released as many of them have been | :42:15. | :42:21. | |
released. So If this is what people are happy with, a guided democracy, | :42:22. | :42:24. | |
if it is what people want it is what people should get isn't it? I | :42:25. | :42:28. | |
disagree with what was said. I think we will have a mass murderer like | :42:29. | :42:33. | |
Stalin and Pinochet who committed the worst state-led massacre against | :42:34. | :42:39. | |
the anti-coup protesters in their cities, and he's now using the | :42:40. | :42:43. | |
Egyptian judiciary as another oppression tool to continue his | :42:44. | :42:48. | |
violent crackdown against anyone who opposes him. You are comparing Al | :42:49. | :42:53. | |
Sisi to Stalin? Yes, of course, what we have seen two days ago the dead | :42:54. | :42:59. | |
sentence to more than -- death sentence to more than 500 people. | :43:00. | :43:06. | |
Stall Len who went on to be response -- Stalin who was responsible for | :43:07. | :43:16. | |
many millions of peoples death, you are comparison, you are happy with | :43:17. | :43:20. | |
the comparison? He will not hesitate in killing hundreds of thousands, | :43:21. | :43:25. | |
women, children, men or anyone who opposed him. The suggestion is Al | :43:26. | :43:33. | |
Sisi will be a new Stalin, convince add pattern of dictatorship is | :43:34. | :43:39. | |
already there? You can suggest to anybody, you can suggest Hitler, to | :43:40. | :43:45. | |
husband he is a hero, to us he as going to be a reformer. To us he | :43:46. | :43:51. | |
saved us from a Civil War. To us he is the one we called upon and he | :43:52. | :43:58. | |
didn't come on his own, certainly he came out of necessity and not out of | :43:59. | :44:06. | |
desire. This is one thing. One forgets all the attacks against the | :44:07. | :44:11. | |
police, all the attacks, the persistent murder of policemen, of | :44:12. | :44:16. | |
army people, and of ordinary civilians, who have been living with | :44:17. | :44:23. | |
that since the 30th of June. You are clearly never going to sign up to Al | :44:24. | :44:29. | |
Sisi. The wider point is an attempt at democracy in 2012 failed. The | :44:30. | :44:35. | |
Muslim Brotherhood grabbed extra powers for the President and people | :44:36. | :44:40. | |
do want some kind of stability? I totally disagree, there were | :44:41. | :44:44. | |
mistakes from the Muslim Brotherhood but within a democratic system, the | :44:45. | :44:48. | |
only tool to determine whether this is right or wrong was the ballot | :44:49. | :44:52. | |
box. What Abudl Al Sisi did on the 3rd July was a military coup. He | :44:53. | :44:56. | |
ousted the first democratically elected President ever in the | :44:57. | :45:01. | |
history of Egypt. Now there are more than 22,000 innocents in jail, | :45:02. | :45:05. | |
children, women, even journalist, now he is killing committed | :45:06. | :45:09. | |
atrocities. Mass killings against anyone who opposes him. In the day | :45:10. | :45:15. | |
that he announced his presidential bid, a 14-year-old boy was killed by | :45:16. | :45:21. | |
his forces. Where should people in Egypt accept that kind of crackdown | :45:22. | :45:30. | |
on their political opponents? First of all the former President was | :45:31. | :45:35. | |
removed not by military coup but popular impeach: Meaning the people | :45:36. | :45:40. | |
have asked that -- impeachment, mean the people asked that the President | :45:41. | :45:44. | |
who has violated his mandate to be removed. Other people are protesting | :45:45. | :45:49. | |
for the last nine months, don't they have the right? I am afraid we must | :45:50. | :45:55. | |
leave it there, it will be fascinating to see how it unfolds, | :45:56. | :45:59. | |
the two of are you very opposed to each other's views, we must leave it | :46:00. | :46:03. | |
there I'm afraid. That is all for tonight. But just in case you missed | :46:04. | :46:07. | |
it, the Education Secretary was taking questions from schoolchildren | :46:08. | :46:12. | |
as part of the BBC's School Report, he let slip as you well know his | :46:13. | :46:26. | |
well known love of Chap Hop. I was wondering could you give us a taster | :46:27. | :46:30. | |
of your favourite rap, as you have recently said you liked rap. I have | :46:31. | :46:36. | |
got so many, the first rap I liked was the What happens Rap, with | :46:37. | :46:42. | |
Andrew ridgely and George Mike KACHLT "take a look at me, I have | :46:43. | :46:46. | |
credibility, I have good time with the boys I meet on the line" | :46:47. | :46:51. | |
# What happens balm # I am the man | :46:52. | :46:55. | |
# You can't tell me that I'm not # Do you | :46:56. | :47:12. | |
# Enjoy what to do ? | :47:13. | :47:15. | |
Heavy showers in south wells, rain in Northern Ireland, but not all day | :47:16. | :47:22. | |
long. There will be sunny spells across | :47:23. | :47:23. |