Browse content similar to 14/08/2014. Check below for episodes and series from the same categories and more!
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Nouri al-Maliki steps down as Prime Minister of Iraq. | :00:07. | :00:08. | |
Can functional government now be restored to Iraq? | :00:09. | :00:11. | |
And can the insurgency there be squashed? | :00:12. | :00:19. | |
We broke the siege on Mount Sinjar, we helped more and more people reach | :00:20. | :00:25. | |
safety and we helped save many innocent lives. | :00:26. | :00:27. | |
And as America congratulates itself on a job well done, what exactly is | :00:28. | :00:30. | |
the humanitarian situation facing the Yazidis in Iraq now? | :00:31. | :00:33. | |
The pass rate falls, university admissions are up, | :00:34. | :00:39. | |
Why do so many more women get to university, and should we care? | :00:40. | :00:45. | |
We'll ask the head of UCAS and President of the | :00:46. | :00:47. | |
The shooting of a black teenager, a police force accused of racism, | :00:48. | :00:54. | |
And do you feel like a slave to your devices? | :00:55. | :01:05. | |
We start tonight with the news from Baghdad that Nouri al-Maliki | :01:06. | :01:19. | |
has agreed to step aside as Iraq's prime minister. | :01:20. | :01:22. | |
In a televised national address, he pledged support for his | :01:23. | :01:25. | |
replacement Haider al-Abadi, who has already been asked by the country's | :01:26. | :01:28. | |
Frank Gardner, the BBC's security correspondent, | :01:29. | :01:33. | |
This is deeply significant, isn't it? This really is. This is | :01:34. | :01:46. | |
potentially a turning point in Iraq's very sad fortunes it has had | :01:47. | :01:50. | |
recently. Nouri al-Maliki has been running the place for the last eight | :01:51. | :01:55. | |
years and increasingly he has been at queues of sectarianism and | :01:56. | :02:04. | |
favouring Shias over Sunnis. All those people thought, well, actually | :02:05. | :02:08. | |
we would rather have ISIS in charge of our interests than him. The | :02:09. | :02:11. | |
question now is whether his replacement can bridge that gap and | :02:12. | :02:15. | |
walk that very delicate tightrope between giving enough to the Sunnis | :02:16. | :02:21. | |
that they feel part of Iraq and not alienate it, but not giving so much | :02:22. | :02:25. | |
that the Shia feel, well, hang on, he has let us down. Are there any | :02:26. | :02:31. | |
signs of that change happening? Well, something very significant | :02:32. | :02:35. | |
happened in the last 24-hour in Iraq. The Governor of Anbar | :02:36. | :02:42. | |
province, a very Sunni-dominated province, Al-Qaeda territory, a lot | :02:43. | :02:46. | |
of it, he has reportedly asked the US military support defeat ISIS or | :02:47. | :02:51. | |
Islamic state, so what we're seeing is potentially just the beginning is | :02:52. | :02:57. | |
here of the repeat of what happened in 2006-2007, where the Sunni tribes | :02:58. | :03:02. | |
were so third up with the extreme brutality of Al-Qaeda that they | :03:03. | :03:07. | |
asked for help and drove out Al-Qaeda. -- so fed up. | :03:08. | :03:12. | |
Unfortunately, last time Nouri al-Maliki did not have advice and he | :03:13. | :03:18. | |
squandered the opportunity. This time the Sunnis will be very nervous | :03:19. | :03:25. | |
about trusting them. This could be a never say for Iraq. But also with | :03:26. | :03:30. | |
President Obama saying the country is going in the right direction, is | :03:31. | :03:34. | |
there A-level of optimism underneath where we should be wary? We should | :03:35. | :03:40. | |
still be very wary. Three months ago, nobody talked about Iraq in the | :03:41. | :03:46. | |
cabinet. In Washington, it was largely ignored. America had not | :03:47. | :03:48. | |
exactly washed its hands because they were still people in the Green | :03:49. | :03:53. | |
zone, but it was space to be about Afghanistan and they were moving on | :03:54. | :04:01. | |
from Iraq. But unseen and unnoticed by most people with hardly any | :04:02. | :04:04. | |
intelligence presence, they had moved on, and during this time, the | :04:05. | :04:09. | |
Islamic state has taken over the entire valley, so now they realise | :04:10. | :04:12. | |
they have to do something about it. You is going to deal with it? It has | :04:13. | :04:20. | |
to be local Sunnis. -- who is? For the moment, thank you very much | :04:21. | :04:21. | |
indeed. Suhair al-Nahar is a spokesman for | :04:22. | :04:24. | |
Nouri al- Maliki's Dawa party. It has to be said his legacy is | :04:25. | :04:33. | |
shocking. He has mutilated the country of Iraq, has he not? The | :04:34. | :04:41. | |
former Prime Minister had a very difficult task and many, many | :04:42. | :04:44. | |
different problems on many different levels to deal with. I believe he | :04:45. | :04:50. | |
did the best he could in the circumstances. However, the | :04:51. | :04:56. | |
replacement now, who is also from the Dawa party, there is a lot of | :04:57. | :05:04. | |
optimism regarding his ability. If anybody can heal the rifts between | :05:05. | :05:08. | |
the various Iraqi divides, he can. Can I just pick you up on one thing, | :05:09. | :05:14. | |
and we can look forward to that in that optimism if you wish. But | :05:15. | :05:18. | |
surely you have to recognise that Nouri al-Maliki, it was not just | :05:19. | :05:23. | |
that he acted under difficult circumstances. Some of those | :05:24. | :05:26. | |
circumstances he created himself. There were levels of corruption and | :05:27. | :05:30. | |
he was not providing the sort of inclusivity which he promised at | :05:31. | :05:33. | |
first. Those things are of his own making. It is not a situation he | :05:34. | :05:38. | |
just found himself in. Yes, you did have a role to play in that, and I | :05:39. | :05:43. | |
think everyone has learned from that. -- he did. Everybody is | :05:44. | :05:49. | |
learning from that, including the new Prime Minister. I think it is | :05:50. | :05:53. | |
time to move on. It is time to heal the rifts between the Iraqi | :05:54. | :05:58. | |
political divides and it is time for national reconciliation. And it is | :05:59. | :06:01. | |
time to fight the terrorists who have done so much damage to Iraq. | :06:02. | :06:06. | |
Exactly. So it is not just a question of politics and of what we | :06:07. | :06:10. | |
in the West might understand to be the need for a stable state. You | :06:11. | :06:14. | |
have this vicious force that needs to be fought and you do have to have | :06:15. | :06:19. | |
an incredibly inclusive, strong government in order to be able to | :06:20. | :06:23. | |
fight that. The legacy of Nouri al-Maliki, it is there in all the | :06:24. | :06:28. | |
ways the state works. It is there in the Army, the councils. What do you | :06:29. | :06:33. | |
do about that? Can one man really come along and change all of that? | :06:34. | :06:38. | |
Believe that, as I said, lessons have been learned and lessons will | :06:39. | :06:43. | |
be. -- I believe. He has the ability to make the difference, he has the | :06:44. | :06:49. | |
ability to make the turnaround. What is that ability? What is it about | :06:50. | :06:53. | |
him that makes you think you can do that? The ability is firstly that he | :06:54. | :07:00. | |
is a very listening person. He is very inclusive, very thoughtful. He | :07:01. | :07:05. | |
also has technocratic abilities, so he will build institutions and | :07:06. | :07:10. | |
systems and will fight corruption. In addition, he believes that he was | :07:11. | :07:17. | |
a leader of the Parliamentary committee on economics, so he has a | :07:18. | :07:21. | |
very deep understanding on how Iraq can improve economically and improve | :07:22. | :07:28. | |
in terms of services for ordinary Iraqis. Does he have that steel will | :07:29. | :07:34. | |
and resolve? And, in a sense, you need aggression, doesn't he, to | :07:35. | :07:40. | |
fight ISIS? -- he needs. ISIS is not a group that will respond to all of | :07:41. | :07:43. | |
those things you have talked about. They do not want to come and sit | :07:44. | :07:48. | |
around a Cabinet table and discuss the economic future of the country. | :07:49. | :07:52. | |
They want something completely different. Exactly. And one of his | :07:53. | :07:57. | |
main aim is that he has promised to carry out as soon as he took office | :07:58. | :08:01. | |
is to defeat the terrorists, ISIS. He will do this firstly through | :08:02. | :08:07. | |
national reconciliation, as I have said. Bring on board the moderate | :08:08. | :08:11. | |
Sunnis to fight the terrorists on their own areas. Secondly, he needs | :08:12. | :08:18. | |
and will reform the Army and security forces. Thirdly, he will | :08:19. | :08:23. | |
need the help of the world community, and this is where he also | :08:24. | :08:28. | |
excels, because he has communication skills and his relations and | :08:29. | :08:33. | |
contacts... The backline to America, that will certainly help. Thank you | :08:34. | :08:36. | |
very much for your time this evening. | :08:37. | :08:46. | |
And so Iraq finds itself on the brink of another chapter | :08:47. | :08:49. | |
With different views from every perspective, although President | :08:50. | :08:52. | |
Obama may say that today the country heads in the right direction. | :08:53. | :08:55. | |
Set this optimism against the picture painted | :08:56. | :08:56. | |
The UN has declared its highest state of emergency | :08:57. | :09:00. | |
for the country, and in a moment, we'll hear from one of its men | :09:01. | :09:03. | |
First, here's our security correspondent, Frank Gardner. | :09:04. | :09:06. | |
Thousands have been rescued in recent days, fleeing murder | :09:07. | :09:10. | |
by the militants of ISIS, the so-called Islamic state, or from | :09:11. | :09:12. | |
But now they face a deeply uncertain future. | :09:13. | :09:19. | |
The humanitarian situation in Northern Iraq can be described | :09:20. | :09:22. | |
Those terrible biblical pictures that we saw of people being helped | :09:23. | :09:29. | |
off Mount Sinjar here are only one small part of a much wider picture. | :09:30. | :09:34. | |
Across the region as a whole, around 300,000 refugees have arrived | :09:35. | :09:38. | |
in the last ten days and they all need help. | :09:39. | :09:44. | |
According to the Kurdish government figures, 250,000 refugees have | :09:45. | :09:48. | |
arrived in Dohuk, plus another 50,000 Christians. | :09:49. | :09:56. | |
In the Kurdish capital Irbil there are nearly 60,000 Christian | :09:57. | :09:58. | |
refugees and the numbers are growing. | :09:59. | :10:00. | |
We have, in the last ten days, had between 200,000 and 2550,000 people | :10:01. | :10:27. | |
With each displacement, they are able to bring with them | :10:28. | :10:31. | |
less and less of the key household items they need to survive, | :10:32. | :10:34. | |
The scenes from the mountain are what helped galvanise | :10:35. | :10:37. | |
the international community into rushing aid to Iraqi Kurdistan. | :10:38. | :10:40. | |
At one point it looked like tens of thousands could perish | :10:41. | :10:44. | |
Kurdish troops have since managed to escort most to safety. | :10:45. | :11:00. | |
The US Special Forces team flew in aircraft like these and assessed | :11:01. | :11:03. | |
there was no longer an immediate need for a rescue operation. | :11:04. | :11:06. | |
I have also heard President Obama say that a rescue mission is not | :11:07. | :11:11. | |
Frankly, I myself don't understand that. | :11:12. | :11:14. | |
These are people who have fled for their lives with nothing. | :11:15. | :11:18. | |
They are not mountaineers who are ready to climb up a mountain. | :11:19. | :11:22. | |
These are ordinary men, women and children, don't forget | :11:23. | :11:26. | |
that, and children can be very fragile in this kind of situation. | :11:27. | :11:36. | |
The biggest refugee crisis is now in Dohuk, a Kurdish city overwhelmed by | :11:37. | :11:42. | |
Aid is reaching them but not enough. | :11:43. | :11:52. | |
Most are from the displaced from the Yazidi community. | :11:53. | :11:55. | |
They've been driven out by the militants | :11:56. | :11:56. | |
ISIS as part of its sectarian cleansing really | :11:57. | :12:01. | |
has it in for the Yazidis, and very clearly wants to destroy | :12:02. | :12:05. | |
Sorry, in the province with a combination | :12:06. | :12:12. | |
of driving them out, a combination of taking them captive, and women | :12:13. | :12:17. | |
they consider to be property, like houses, like land, and they are | :12:18. | :12:22. | |
Then there is the wider fear of winter. | :12:23. | :12:36. | |
How will Kurdistan shelter such vast numbers of refugees | :12:37. | :12:38. | |
Homes will have to be found for the thousands now sleeping rough | :12:39. | :12:44. | |
And just over the horizon, the militants of ISIS bent | :12:45. | :12:51. | |
Unless they are dislodged, the refugees have no chance of ever | :12:52. | :12:58. | |
A little earlier I spoke to Kieran Dwyer from the | :12:59. | :13:06. | |
United Nations Office for the Co-ordination of Humanitarian | :13:07. | :13:09. | |
Affairs about the situation on the ground in the Kurdish city | :13:10. | :13:12. | |
I wonder whether you can start where you -- by telling us where you have | :13:13. | :13:26. | |
been today and what you have seen? We went to the border crossing at an | :13:27. | :13:33. | |
area where the large numbers of people coming in from the mountain, | :13:34. | :13:39. | |
the Saint John mounting crisis, had been flowing through in the last few | :13:40. | :13:46. | |
days in large numbers. -- Mount Sinjar crisis. So people are still | :13:47. | :13:49. | |
coming over today. More a steady flow than the large numbers in | :13:50. | :13:54. | |
previous days. And then to a transit camp, which is where many people who | :13:55. | :13:59. | |
have come across the bridge are being stabilised and spending some | :14:00. | :14:03. | |
time before they moved to other areas that are being set up, | :14:04. | :14:07. | |
because, frankly, many of these people will not feel safe to go home | :14:08. | :14:13. | |
for the foreseeable future. Can I ask you about the situation on Mount | :14:14. | :14:17. | |
Sinjar? President Obama has said that US forces have broken the siege | :14:18. | :14:25. | |
there and as you know, there will be no future humanitarian efforts | :14:26. | :14:28. | |
through the air from America because they believe that the situation is | :14:29. | :14:34. | |
good enough to leave alone. Do you and your colleagues accept that | :14:35. | :14:38. | |
assessment? Well, I am aware of the statement that was made, of course, | :14:39. | :14:44. | |
and we know that the American military team conducted its | :14:45. | :14:48. | |
assessment. As humanitarians, we know there are still several | :14:49. | :14:50. | |
assessment. As humanitarians, we know there thousand people on top of | :14:51. | :14:53. | |
the mountain. We don't know the precise number. And that is one of | :14:54. | :14:58. | |
the Kiwis and also we are here in Dohuk today, to speak with as many | :14:59. | :15:02. | |
people as we can, including people still coming off the mountain and | :15:03. | :15:07. | |
crossing the bridge today. -- one of the reasons we are also here. Some | :15:08. | :15:14. | |
need to urgently still get down. We need airdrops possibly to still get | :15:15. | :15:17. | |
those people supplied on that mountain. Letmember, nobody went up | :15:18. | :15:21. | |
that mountain who was not forced because they were afraid for their | :15:22. | :15:30. | |
life. -- re-member. Can I just ask you this - do you believe President | :15:31. | :15:33. | |
Obama was right to make that assessment? Is it very different to | :15:34. | :15:38. | |
how you would have assessed the situation? This was a military | :15:39. | :15:46. | |
assessment for a potential operation and I don't know what went into the | :15:47. | :15:51. | |
assessment. That is one process. As humanitarians, we look at what is | :15:52. | :15:56. | |
necessary to keep people alive and what is necessary to create | :15:57. | :16:00. | |
conditions where they can safely and freely come down from the mountain. | :16:01. | :16:05. | |
Those things are not separate. The UN have said that Iraqis at a level | :16:06. | :16:09. | |
three emergency status which is extremely high, so set against that, | :16:10. | :16:14. | |
it is hard to understand when President Obama says that the | :16:15. | :16:19. | |
country is heading in the right direction. Those seem to be two very | :16:20. | :16:24. | |
different perspectives. I won't make a military commentary or political | :16:25. | :16:27. | |
commentary. I'm here as a humanitarian person, working with | :16:28. | :16:32. | |
the international community, which includes a broad spectrum of the | :16:33. | :16:35. | |
international community and efforts who are trying to help Iraqi be more | :16:36. | :16:39. | |
secure and safe, protect the civilian population -- help Iraq. | :16:40. | :16:46. | |
1.2 million people alone this year have been rapidly displaced from | :16:47. | :16:51. | |
their homes, so to help keep them alive with emergency assistance and | :16:52. | :16:55. | |
help the local authorities set up white media to be protective | :16:56. | :16:59. | |
measures and assistance measures for quite some time to come. -- setup | :17:00. | :17:10. | |
humanitarian measures. There are now as many refugees in the city as | :17:11. | :17:15. | |
original inhabitants which seems an extraordinary position to manage. | :17:16. | :17:20. | |
The senior officials we have met have been impressive in their | :17:21. | :17:24. | |
commitment and in the actions they are taking to deliver, but it is | :17:25. | :17:28. | |
plain, and they are humble and they understand this, they are stretched | :17:29. | :17:32. | |
to the limit. They are asking the UN for assistance and we are scaling it | :17:33. | :17:37. | |
up as fast as we can, but they are asking for further international | :17:38. | :17:41. | |
assistance to help them do the job they want done. They are stepping up | :17:42. | :17:44. | |
and they need us to step up with them, and the UN is certainly doing | :17:45. | :17:49. | |
that. Thank you very much for your time this evening. We appreciate it. | :17:50. | :17:52. | |
If you've had teenagers in the house this summer you'll know | :17:53. | :17:55. | |
Anxiety, hysteria, occasional giddiness. | :17:56. | :17:57. | |
Either someone knows the ending to Game of Thrones, | :17:58. | :17:59. | |
Overall grades are slightly down with fewer A and A* grades. | :18:00. | :18:05. | |
But that might not really matter because there are a record number | :18:06. | :18:08. | |
of university places available - an extra 30,000, | :18:09. | :18:10. | |
which means that even some of the most elite universities are | :18:11. | :18:13. | |
Here's Chris ?Four Straight As? Cook. | :18:14. | :18:25. | |
Today, on a level results day, parents will be congratulating and | :18:26. | :18:32. | |
commiserating with their children about their university choices. It | :18:33. | :18:36. | |
is a decades-old story, but there is a wrinkle, because sons are more | :18:37. | :18:42. | |
problems than daughters these days. Outside Scotland, a level of the | :18:43. | :18:45. | |
main entry qualifications for university. This year they were | :18:46. | :18:51. | |
taken by around 260,018 -year-olds in the UK, about 38%. So today is a | :18:52. | :18:56. | |
day that the university reforms are very obvious. A key plank of the | :18:57. | :19:01. | |
reforms are the university should be able to expand so they can compete | :19:02. | :19:07. | |
to win students. To help them along, 30,000 extra places are being | :19:08. | :19:12. | |
funded, an increase of 8% and that will rise by another 30,000 next | :19:13. | :19:17. | |
year. This is hardly the first big university expansion. The share of | :19:18. | :19:22. | |
people you went to university by the age of 30 rocketed from 5% in the | :19:23. | :19:27. | |
early 1960s to around 35% by the turn-of-the-century. This was a | :19:28. | :19:34. | |
legacy of a report from 1963, lip -- written by Lionel Robbins, an | :19:35. | :19:37. | |
eminent economist, which advocated a big rise in the university | :19:38. | :19:41. | |
population. Will bigger numbers mean lower standards? Not on our | :19:42. | :19:49. | |
computations. When people think of the recent story of universities, | :19:50. | :19:57. | |
they probably think of this. Demonstrations, disorder, fees, and | :19:58. | :19:59. | |
the Liberal Democrats. # I'm sorry, I'm sorry. The cap on | :20:00. | :20:17. | |
fees rose most recently in 2012, but at the same time participation rose | :20:18. | :20:24. | |
as well. Since fees came in in the late 1990s, the story of growth in | :20:25. | :20:28. | |
higher education has been similar to the previous story, which is more | :20:29. | :20:32. | |
and more young people on their way to university. Interestingly, the | :20:33. | :20:35. | |
growth is now concentrated amongst people from less well-off | :20:36. | :20:38. | |
backgrounds and we have seen it in the data from UCAS, with 8000 people | :20:39. | :20:43. | |
from the poorest backgrounds on their way to higher education. But | :20:44. | :20:47. | |
there is still an unusual gap here. Undergraduate admissions are one of | :20:48. | :20:52. | |
the areas where women dominate. 48% of 18 or 19-year-old women go to | :20:53. | :20:59. | |
university, compared to 35% of men, and the gap is riding. UCAS said | :21:00. | :21:08. | |
today that there had been 107,000 acceptances for -- 172,000 men, and | :21:09. | :21:15. | |
more for women. The missing numbers are from poorer communities. There | :21:16. | :21:19. | |
are more women than university going -- there are more women than men | :21:20. | :21:27. | |
going to university, and that makes sense because apprenticeships pay | :21:28. | :21:29. | |
less for women. It's not surprising that women feel they have to go to | :21:30. | :21:37. | |
university to compete with men on an equal level. There are other | :21:38. | :21:39. | |
explanations. It might be schooling, or the advice about career choices | :21:40. | :21:45. | |
that women and men make. It is a rare area of public policy though | :21:46. | :21:46. | |
where women do better than men. Mary Curnock Cook is the Head of | :21:47. | :21:50. | |
UCAS and Alice Philipps is President Mary, to start with you, why does it | :21:51. | :22:03. | |
matter if young men are not choosing university as much as women because, | :22:04. | :22:07. | |
actually, further down the line, they enter what is clearly a man's | :22:08. | :22:11. | |
world where they get paid more and seem to find it easier to make it to | :22:12. | :22:15. | |
the top? I don't think that is really the case. If I could just set | :22:16. | :22:20. | |
out the picture that we see today from mission control, if you like, | :22:21. | :22:25. | |
at UCAS. 400,000 people have been placed today, but 50,000 more young | :22:26. | :22:32. | |
women than young men, and what we now see is that women are one third | :22:33. | :22:36. | |
more likely to enter higher education than men. In fact, women | :22:37. | :22:40. | |
are more likely to enter than men are to apply. Surely that cannot be | :22:41. | :22:46. | |
a good thing in terms of balance in the potential for young women and | :22:47. | :22:50. | |
young men, and their future career and life. Do you know anything about | :22:51. | :22:55. | |
why that has happened, why the choices made? -- the choice is | :22:56. | :23:02. | |
made. The background is that young men are not getting the achievement | :23:03. | :23:05. | |
coming out of secondary school, so the pipeline coming through for | :23:06. | :23:10. | |
admission to higher education is worse for young men than for young | :23:11. | :23:14. | |
women. Women reach level three A-level equivalent at the same level | :23:15. | :23:20. | |
that young men reach level two. Why does that happen? Is it the fault of | :23:21. | :23:28. | |
the schools? Is it something in young men, or is it that young women | :23:29. | :23:34. | |
are just terrific? I'm not an expert educationalist, but I can tell you | :23:35. | :23:39. | |
that young women outperform young men right through the school system, | :23:40. | :23:44. | |
through primary school and secondary school, and, surely, the potential | :23:45. | :23:49. | |
of young men is somehow being let down through that system. And, of | :23:50. | :23:53. | |
course, we see it in university admissions. So what would you do? | :23:54. | :23:58. | |
And I would like hard plans and proposals, please. I think somebody | :23:59. | :24:04. | |
needs to look vary carefully at the issue. We can see that while the gap | :24:05. | :24:11. | |
between... Shouldn't it be you? I don't think it is the job of UCAS. | :24:12. | :24:14. | |
We are using evidence to show something. But you could be a good | :24:15. | :24:19. | |
advocate for change and stir for change? Well, that is why I am here | :24:20. | :24:24. | |
this evening. We want to see more young men coming through the system | :24:25. | :24:28. | |
to balance it out, not least because there is probably a better | :24:29. | :24:31. | |
university experience if there is more of a sex balance on campus. But | :24:32. | :24:37. | |
how do you do that? In practical terms, what does that actually mean? | :24:38. | :24:44. | |
Clearly the young men are not really listening to lots of people saying | :24:45. | :24:47. | |
that you are not getting as far as the girls. They are in school and | :24:48. | :24:50. | |
watching the girls outperform them, so what can they do? It is important | :24:51. | :24:55. | |
to look at the underlying causes. They must be to do with teaching and | :24:56. | :25:00. | |
learning. They must be to do with the curriculum or qualifications, or | :25:01. | :25:04. | |
the assessment regime. But for some reason, boys are coming through | :25:05. | :25:09. | |
school and not doing as well, in aggregate, as the girls are. Alice, | :25:10. | :25:14. | |
you come from the girl school perspective, but you have also | :25:15. | :25:18. | |
taught boys as well. Through your expertise, what do you think the | :25:19. | :25:21. | |
problem is, so what might the solution be? One of the problems | :25:22. | :25:26. | |
might be, if we go back to primary schools, the shortage of male role | :25:27. | :25:30. | |
models as teachers. If you are going to go into the educational context | :25:31. | :25:35. | |
as a child and be inspired by grown-ups around you, you want | :25:36. | :25:39. | |
people who suggest to you as a small boy, from whatever background, that | :25:40. | :25:43. | |
education and learning is fun and to have a male role model that will be | :25:44. | :25:47. | |
helpful alongside the female ones. We know there are many strong female | :25:48. | :25:52. | |
role models, but increasingly fewer and fewer male role models at the | :25:53. | :25:56. | |
earliest age. That is a sensible suggestion that there must be more | :25:57. | :26:00. | |
you can do further down the line -- but there must be more you can do | :26:01. | :26:04. | |
further down the line as the young men approach a levels and are given | :26:05. | :26:07. | |
careers advice. Something must be falling short. Could we have more | :26:08. | :26:12. | |
positive discrimination? If we talk about this as a different group, a | :26:13. | :26:16. | |
different socio- economic group, or cultural group, then I think we have | :26:17. | :26:21. | |
already had in place some kind of positive discrimination and helpful | :26:22. | :26:25. | |
schemes, but people seem to be wary of saying let's do it for the boys. | :26:26. | :26:32. | |
Certainly, and if you take the story at the start, it's a great story of | :26:33. | :26:37. | |
celebration for girls and women, and there was a time when it wasn't | :26:38. | :26:41. | |
thought worthwhile to educate women. We should not try to imply in the | :26:42. | :26:44. | |
statistics that it is the fault of women that men are falling behind. | :26:45. | :26:49. | |
What UCAS dies, and it has been a tough day for the organisation, and | :26:50. | :26:52. | |
I would like to thank her for the work done today, but they gather the | :26:53. | :26:57. | |
data and now it is here we can work with it. So what would I do? I would | :26:58. | :27:04. | |
turn to the new Secretary of State and listen to serious | :27:05. | :27:07. | |
educationalists and gather people who have succeeded with these | :27:08. | :27:10. | |
minority groups who struggled, and there are head teachers out there | :27:11. | :27:13. | |
who have a strong track record, and get them to talk together and frame | :27:14. | :27:17. | |
policy and plan. Is there ever a place for something as bold as | :27:18. | :27:23. | |
weaker offers for young men approaching their A-level results? | :27:24. | :27:27. | |
That is not the problem because it is in the pipeline. The acceptance | :27:28. | :27:33. | |
rate in university for men is a smidgen higher than girls, so it's | :27:34. | :27:37. | |
not about the admissions process, it is about what is coming through. But | :27:38. | :27:42. | |
you could change that, couldn't you? There would always be a place where | :27:43. | :27:49. | |
you could say, here you have a girl with 28 results and be, but we need | :27:50. | :27:53. | |
more boys in the system, so we will take them with a B grade and a C | :27:54. | :27:59. | |
grade? -- to a great results and a B grade? I don't think that is really | :28:00. | :28:04. | |
the solution. I think the suggestion about more men in teaching in | :28:05. | :28:09. | |
primary and secondary school, that is interesting, because there are a | :28:10. | :28:12. | |
lot of initiatives to get girls to do science and computer science and | :28:13. | :28:17. | |
stem subjects, but what about the huge imbalance in the number of men | :28:18. | :28:23. | |
going into teaching and social work and nursing, which are massively | :28:24. | :28:29. | |
showing a bigger gap the other way round? I think it would be good to | :28:30. | :28:32. | |
see initiatives to show young men that there are a range of careers | :28:33. | :28:36. | |
they could pursue that are outside of the traditional comfort zones. It | :28:37. | :28:41. | |
is definitely a subject we will return to. Thank you for your time | :28:42. | :28:42. | |
this evening. To Gaza now, and day one | :28:43. | :28:44. | |
of a new five-day ceasefire, Neither side has relinquished any | :28:45. | :28:47. | |
of its demands, although Egyptians sources have said | :28:48. | :28:54. | |
that Israel may be willing to lift But the let up | :28:55. | :28:57. | |
in the fighting gives citizens on both sides the opportunity to affect | :28:58. | :29:02. | |
some normality - whatever that means The BBC's Yolande Knell | :29:03. | :29:04. | |
in Gaza has been talking to the people trying to keep the lights | :29:05. | :29:10. | |
on and the water flowing. Gaza took a pounding during recent | :29:11. | :29:29. | |
Israeli air strikes. This is the third conflict here in five years. | :29:30. | :29:33. | |
And it has been the most deadly and destructive. Israel says it is | :29:34. | :29:39. | |
targeting militant sites, but civilian infrastructures are not | :29:40. | :29:47. | |
being spared. Gaza's only power plant was shelled two weeks ago, | :29:48. | :29:52. | |
setting its fuel tanks on fire. The Israeli military says it is | :29:53. | :29:55. | |
investigating, but the effects are clear. As you see, this is total | :29:56. | :30:06. | |
damage. It can't be used any more, and without the fuel, we have no | :30:07. | :30:12. | |
operation. The manager has been here since the electricity plant opened a | :30:13. | :30:16. | |
decade ago. It was supposed to make use of the latest technology to meet | :30:17. | :30:22. | |
rising demand. Instead, it has faced constant challenges. It has been | :30:23. | :30:26. | |
caught up in previous fighting between Hamas, which controls Gaza, | :30:27. | :30:32. | |
and the groups sworn enemy, Israel. Tight border restrictions limited | :30:33. | :30:38. | |
fuel imports. Although power cuts were common in Gaza before, now they | :30:39. | :30:46. | |
are much worse. The electricity that the whole population, almost 2 | :30:47. | :30:50. | |
million people, they will suffer. -- for the whole population. When you | :30:51. | :30:53. | |
talk about electricity, you talk about the water supply, water | :30:54. | :30:58. | |
treatment, sewage, we are talking about hospitals and schools. All | :30:59. | :31:05. | |
aspects of basic life require this not existing. In this home they are | :31:06. | :31:14. | |
used to blackouts. But the sisters carry out what household chores they | :31:15. | :31:19. | |
can in the dark. They organise their lives around the six or so hours of | :31:20. | :31:24. | |
power they get each day. The first thing, of course, is charging our | :31:25. | :31:28. | |
flashlights, turning on our water well and doing laundry and stuff | :31:29. | :31:35. | |
that has to do with electricity. And they tell me even keeping clean is | :31:36. | :31:40. | |
difficult, because without power, the water filled ration and pumps | :31:41. | :31:46. | |
don't work. And we are like, I wish I could go take a shower, but there | :31:47. | :31:51. | |
is no time and no water and no electricity. You can't do anything, | :31:52. | :31:57. | |
really. Entire neighbourhoods of Gaza were reduced to rubble during | :31:58. | :32:00. | |
the ground invasion by Israeli Armed Forces. In the East, they said they | :32:01. | :32:06. | |
destroyed tunnels used by Palestinian fighters. But they also | :32:07. | :32:13. | |
damaged underground water and sewage systems. Already, these were in a | :32:14. | :32:20. | |
fragile state. A blockade of Gaza are forced by Israel and Egypt had | :32:21. | :32:25. | |
made maintenance hard. Now there is contamination and widespread water | :32:26. | :32:30. | |
shortages. Across Gaza, emergency efforts are under way to fix or just | :32:31. | :32:36. | |
to patch up basic infrastructure, often in incredibly difficult | :32:37. | :32:41. | |
circumstances. Here, the workers are struggling to restore basic water | :32:42. | :32:45. | |
supplies. They have got miles and miles of broken pipes. | :32:46. | :32:50. | |
Hospitals are already seeing diseases spreading. As more and more | :32:51. | :32:55. | |
Gazans displaced by this conflict are forced to put up with dire | :32:56. | :33:01. | |
living conditions. And here, the growing problems with | :33:02. | :33:06. | |
Gaza's infrastructure can be a matter of life and death. The | :33:07. | :33:11. | |
machines in this intensive care unit are now relying mostly on | :33:12. | :33:14. | |
generators, which are meant to be used for back-up purposes only. So, | :33:15. | :33:23. | |
imagine if the electricity of the generator went off in addition to | :33:24. | :33:28. | |
the normal electricity being off before. Imagine what will happen to | :33:29. | :33:34. | |
the blood banks and the stores. Imagine what will happen to patients | :33:35. | :33:39. | |
in the ICU. And what will happen to the nursery where the newborns are | :33:40. | :33:47. | |
there. For years, Gaza has struggled, but the latest conflict | :33:48. | :33:52. | |
has left it on life support. A temporary truce is giving some | :33:53. | :33:56. | |
breathing space, as Egyptian Wiggo shooters try to secure a longer term | :33:57. | :34:01. | |
cease-fire between Israel and the Palestinians. -- Egyptian | :34:02. | :34:09. | |
negotiators. Now they need to address security concerns and open | :34:10. | :34:12. | |
up Gaza's borders so a full recovery can begin. | :34:13. | :34:16. | |
An 18-year-old black man, shot by American police | :34:17. | :34:20. | |
in disputed circumstances, described by witnesses as unprovoked. | :34:21. | :34:22. | |
And a town erupting into protest at what is seen as deep-seated racism. | :34:23. | :34:25. | |
It's a story told before, too many times. | :34:26. | :34:27. | |
This one in a small suburb of St Louis in Missouri called Ferguson. | :34:28. | :34:39. | |
It has been four nights of anger, protest and clashes with the police | :34:40. | :34:45. | |
in the US state of Missouri following the fatal shooting of | :34:46. | :34:48. | |
black teenager Michael Brown last Saturday. Details of the killing | :34:49. | :34:51. | |
have been disputed, with eyewitnesses saying the 18-year-old | :34:52. | :34:55. | |
was unarmed and had his hands raised. The police say he was shot | :34:56. | :34:59. | |
several times after a struggle and have not yet released the officer's | :35:00. | :35:04. | |
name. Last night, heavily armed riot police fired tear gas at | :35:05. | :35:07. | |
demonstrators in Ferguson who had ignored an order to disperse. | :35:08. | :35:14. | |
Several people were arrested, including two journalists, who said | :35:15. | :35:15. | |
they were assaulted before being released. On social media, the town | :35:16. | :35:21. | |
is starting to be referred to as Fergus-stand. People should not be | :35:22. | :35:29. | |
brilliant journalists who are just rang to do their jobs and reporting | :35:30. | :35:33. | |
to the American people who see what is going on on the ground. We need | :35:34. | :35:37. | |
to hold ourselves to a higher standard, particularly those of us | :35:38. | :35:42. | |
in positions of authority. There was also a recognition of the ground | :35:43. | :35:49. | |
swell of emotion on the -- in that immunity with efforts to bring | :35:50. | :35:56. | |
around a more peaceful resolution. Or we also need is for folks to be | :35:57. | :36:00. | |
able to be allowed to express their energy in an appropriate way. They | :36:01. | :36:05. | |
have the absolute right to do that. Because we will not get the healing | :36:06. | :36:11. | |
that we all need is the only response from the public is "I'll | :36:12. | :36:21. | |
just be quiet". Two thirds of Ferguson's community is black, in | :36:22. | :36:25. | |
stark contrast to 50 out of its 53 police officers being white. The | :36:26. | :36:30. | |
town has come together in grief, sorrow and anger. A common chart | :36:31. | :36:37. | |
against the police is "hands up, don't shoot". It has erupted on | :36:38. | :36:42. | |
social media and touched at the core of one of the unresolved fault lines | :36:43. | :36:44. | |
in America. With me now are Mike Colombo, | :36:45. | :36:47. | |
a local reporter, and Lester Spence, a Professor of African and | :36:48. | :36:50. | |
American Studies. A very good evening to you. Mike, | :36:51. | :36:59. | |
can I start with you? Can you describe the mood in Ferguson | :37:00. | :37:06. | |
tonight? Pardon me. At this moment, we are still learning more and more | :37:07. | :37:09. | |
about what is happening on the ground in Ferguson but the shift to | :37:10. | :37:15. | |
the state police has been absolutely huge already. It seems as if the | :37:16. | :37:21. | |
captain, who is actually a Ferguson resident originally, an | :37:22. | :37:23. | |
African-American officer, he being on the ground is orally having a big | :37:24. | :37:29. | |
impact just seeing some of the tweets sent by my colleagues. -- | :37:30. | :37:35. | |
already having a big impact. He has said he will walk with them and the | :37:36. | :37:39. | |
police line they have experienced over the last several days will be | :37:40. | :37:43. | |
far less than it was, so it is a very interesting change of | :37:44. | :37:46. | |
circumstances as to what we have been dealing with for the last | :37:47. | :37:50. | |
several days. Can you just explain what that differences with the state | :37:51. | :37:54. | |
police coming in? And what does it say about the police before? So much | :37:55. | :37:59. | |
of what we have heard from the residents of Ferguson and the | :38:00. | :38:03. | |
different processors has been that the police have been taking a very | :38:04. | :38:10. | |
heavy-handed approach. -- protesters. I think all of us are | :38:11. | :38:14. | |
hoping that with the change of guard, there may be some differences | :38:15. | :38:18. | |
and that might actually allow us to see whether it was the police who | :38:19. | :38:21. | |
were in fact being heavy-handed or if it may have been protesters with | :38:22. | :38:26. | |
some unreasonable thoughts and feelings about what had been taking | :38:27. | :38:30. | |
place. So I guess you could release a only time will tell as far as that | :38:31. | :38:34. | |
is concerned but very early on, it seems the people are well receiving | :38:35. | :38:39. | |
the new police who are investigating and helping work with the | :38:40. | :38:43. | |
protesters. Obviously this was a tragic death of a very bright young | :38:44. | :38:48. | |
man. But can you explain to us why it was everything kicked off so much | :38:49. | :38:52. | |
afterwards? You can understand the grief and anger of the family and | :38:53. | :38:57. | |
the problems of a death in custody. But what you have seen on the | :38:58. | :39:01. | |
streets of Ferguson is we quite extraordinary. The scenes we have | :39:02. | :39:05. | |
just showed, it is something akin to the Los Angeles riots, isn't it? | :39:06. | :39:12. | |
They are, and one part of this story that runs parallel to the shooting | :39:13. | :39:17. | |
death of Michael Brown is that there are some very deep-seated racial | :39:18. | :39:20. | |
issues that have gone on in this community and many communities in | :39:21. | :39:25. | |
this area for decades. The shooting death of Michael Brown bringing | :39:26. | :39:29. | |
those issues to the forefront. And the people there, especially with | :39:30. | :39:33. | |
the way many of them feel the police handled the situation from the get | :39:34. | :39:37. | |
go, they are stepping up and saying, enough is enough, we have dealt with | :39:38. | :39:41. | |
issues here and felt like second-class citizens for a very | :39:42. | :39:44. | |
long time, and we are sick of it, and they are using this as their | :39:45. | :39:47. | |
platform to bring those issues to the forefront and let people know | :39:48. | :39:51. | |
real change has to come or they are going to continue to see some of the | :39:52. | :39:56. | |
protests and some of the people's unhappiness that has really shown | :39:57. | :40:01. | |
over the last several days. Thank you. And thank you for your | :40:02. | :40:08. | |
patience. Does everything you hear mics they ring true to you? Yes, it | :40:09. | :40:19. | |
does. -- Mike says? A week before the 11th of September, it was a week | :40:20. | :40:25. | |
before Labor Day, and there was a kid who was killed by St Louis | :40:26. | :40:31. | |
police, and they shot him in the alley and they accused him of firing | :40:32. | :40:36. | |
at them. The gun had not been fired, though. Police were not even | :40:37. | :40:41. | |
charged and there was a number of incidents once this happened. I went | :40:42. | :40:45. | |
back and a student had collected three or four binders from me on | :40:46. | :40:52. | |
research I was doing, and there was just incident after incident of | :40:53. | :40:55. | |
police being heavy-handed in the city and in Saint Lewis County and | :40:56. | :41:00. | |
people calling for Citizen review boards and their calls going | :41:01. | :41:06. | |
unheard. Said President Obama has called for calm but also | :41:07. | :41:09. | |
transparency, and that is a very interesting word, isn't it? What | :41:10. | :41:16. | |
does that mean to you? If you think about the militarisation of the | :41:17. | :41:21. | |
police, it happens in a number of different ways. It starts in the 60s | :41:22. | :41:27. | |
as a result and in response to black protest. Then it moves to the 70s | :41:28. | :41:31. | |
and 80s in response to the war on drugs. The 90s is the war in Iraq. | :41:32. | :41:38. | |
And then now it is in relation to 9/11. And what you have with that | :41:39. | :41:44. | |
militarisation move is a kind of gap being placed between citizens and | :41:45. | :41:49. | |
the police, and then a significant part of that gap is increasing the | :41:50. | :42:01. | |
way that the police don't feel they have the obligation to do anything. | :42:02. | :42:05. | |
They don't have the obligation to report a citizens, they don't have | :42:06. | :42:08. | |
the obligation to reveal themselves to journalists, they don't have the | :42:09. | :42:12. | |
obligation to let themselves be photographed, and they definitely | :42:13. | :42:16. | |
don't have the obligation to allow people to protest peacefully, | :42:17. | :42:20. | |
particularly black people. And from what you have seen of the developing | :42:21. | :42:24. | |
situation over the last four nights and other state develop and come | :42:25. | :42:28. | |
with President Obama making his speech, do you think this could be a | :42:29. | :42:33. | |
turning point for the residents? Yes, I do. Just that move to replace | :42:34. | :42:39. | |
the Ferguson police with the State Highway Patrol and led by somebody | :42:40. | :42:42. | |
who actually knows that neighbourhood, I think that is | :42:43. | :42:46. | |
really, really important. But the important thing is going to be for | :42:47. | :42:50. | |
us and the people of Ferguson to continue to move, because what we | :42:51. | :42:54. | |
don't want is a circumstance in which this moment happens and this | :42:55. | :42:59. | |
boy is killed and we find justice but then the systems that actually | :43:00. | :43:03. | |
allow that to happen remain in place. So that is the struggle we | :43:04. | :43:08. | |
have in front of us. A real pleasure to talk to you tonight. Thank you | :43:09. | :43:10. | |
for your time, and also to Mike. You'd be hard pushed to find a | :43:11. | :43:13. | |
more modish fashion than detoxing. But if you think you've done them | :43:14. | :43:16. | |
all, you haven't, because this summer sees the arrival | :43:17. | :43:25. | |
of a whole new type of detoxing. Newsnight's David | :43:26. | :43:29. | |
Grossman is all over it. Now, be honest, is this what your | :43:30. | :43:42. | |
holidays look like? Is this your night out at the pub? Is this that | :43:43. | :43:46. | |
special romantic meal with the love of your life? We are still in the | :43:47. | :43:51. | |
early days of this new world and it is pretty clear we are already | :43:52. | :43:54. | |
struggling. Struggling to know when we should connect and when we should | :43:55. | :43:58. | |
switch off. There are some pretty easy rules to make, like driving. | :43:59. | :44:03. | |
But the rest of the time? What it has done to us is it has made us | :44:04. | :44:07. | |
afraid of absence, afraid of solitude and daydreaming and quiet. | :44:08. | :44:13. | |
Everybody that I see with a moment of absence in their lives, they dive | :44:14. | :44:18. | |
into their phone. This is how this work used to be. An analogue world | :44:19. | :44:23. | |
of pens, typewriters and landlines. When we went on holiday, it was a | :44:24. | :44:27. | |
struggle to get a week old copy of the Daily Mail, let alone a message | :44:28. | :44:31. | |
from work! And then, well, this happened. Mac this keeps you in | :44:32. | :44:37. | |
constant in indication with these transportable, affordable cellular | :44:38. | :44:42. | |
phones. We thought this could meant we could -- could mean we could be | :44:43. | :44:50. | |
on the beach, the golf course or in the shopping centre and not be found | :44:51. | :44:53. | |
out. But there has been a price to pay. Being able to work anywhere | :44:54. | :44:59. | |
means anywhere we are, we are at work. The company Daimler is | :45:00. | :45:04. | |
offering its staff and email holiday when they go on leave. Their inboxes | :45:05. | :45:08. | |
blocked and incoming messages are simply deleted! Naturally, we wanted | :45:09. | :45:13. | |
to talk to the executive who came up with this new policy. What you mean | :45:14. | :45:17. | |
we can't get hold of an?! It is 2014! But it turned out he was on | :45:18. | :45:22. | |
holiday. So he sent us this statement. | :45:23. | :45:33. | |
We get a load of individuals who come, and then we take their phones | :45:34. | :45:41. | |
away and lock them away. Vicki runs digital detox weekends. She says | :45:42. | :45:45. | |
periodically dumping the smartphone is vital. We quite often find | :45:46. | :45:50. | |
situations where if people did have their phone, instead of making an | :45:51. | :45:52. | |
effort to chat to someone if they were bored, they would just get | :45:53. | :45:57. | |
their phone out and do that, so we have loads of feedback saying they | :45:58. | :46:01. | |
have much more interesting and deep conversations when they are talking | :46:02. | :46:04. | |
to people and they are not distracted by their phone going off | :46:05. | :46:08. | |
on the side and then there attention getting diverted to their phone. And | :46:09. | :46:14. | |
it is only going to get worse. Technology is in its infancy. This | :46:15. | :46:17. | |
watch can tell me when I get a message. But in future, connectivity | :46:18. | :46:23. | |
will be sewn into the fabric of our lives. Perhaps we need to work out | :46:24. | :46:27. | |
some rules. As much for employers as employees. Part of the thing that | :46:28. | :46:35. | |
work that managers should know is that we are at work but we are also | :46:36. | :46:40. | |
at play. So watch back. Facebook and Twitter, if you look at the numbers, | :46:41. | :46:45. | |
you will find the busiest times for those websites are when everybody | :46:46. | :46:48. | |
says they are at work. So we know it has become this... This giant | :46:49. | :46:57. | |
no-man's-land of work and play meshing between each other. And it | :46:58. | :47:04. | |
creates a kind of ambient anxiety throughout our lives. So, live in | :47:05. | :47:08. | |
the modern world, in Bray six technology, but once in a while, for | :47:09. | :47:13. | |
the sake of your health, take a trip back to the past. -- embrace the | :47:14. | :47:16. | |
technology. That is all we have time for court | :47:17. | :47:21. | |
the liberal and I have emails to check! Good night. -- all we have | :47:22. | :47:24. | |
time for and I have. Friday looks the best day of the | :47:25. | :47:40. | |
week with more wins and sunshine around. The small chance of a few | :47:41. | :47:44. | |
isolated showers but hopefully they will be just | :47:45. | :47:45. |