Browse content similar to 15/01/2016. Check below for episodes and series from the same categories and more!
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A new drug to protect against HIV if its taken before sex. | :00:10. | :00:13. | |
So is this a public health right - or a party pill? | :00:14. | :00:23. | |
I have many great Muslim friends, and some of them, I will say not | :00:24. | :00:32. | |
all, have called me and said "Donald, thank you very much. | :00:33. | :00:34. | |
You are exposing an unbelievable problem." | :00:35. | :00:36. | |
MPS will spend three hours debating whether to ban Donald Trump | :00:37. | :00:39. | |
Is it the sign of a healthy democracy? | :00:40. | :00:45. | |
Or a narrow minded one? Rose Hamid - the Muslim woman | :00:46. | :00:47. | |
who was thrown out of a Donald Trump rally - | :00:48. | :00:50. | |
And as extreme adventure movie, The Revenant opens at cinemas | :00:51. | :00:57. | |
across the UK, we talk to its director, Alejandro Gonzalez | :00:58. | :00:59. | |
I want that the audience in a way, that rarely will ever in life | :01:00. | :01:04. | |
Should a pill to prevent HIV be handed out free to gay men before | :01:05. | :01:22. | |
This is a question the NHS is actively considering right now. | :01:23. | :01:30. | |
The medication Truvada - or Prep - prevents new infections | :01:31. | :01:32. | |
by killing the virus before it has a chance to take hold. | :01:33. | :01:36. | |
And the Lancet has calculated it could be used to cut new infections | :01:37. | :01:40. | |
by more than 40 percent in the UK - preventing seven and a half thousand | :01:41. | :01:44. | |
new cases of HIV within the next five years - if it's taken daily | :01:45. | :01:47. | |
But some medics fear it will merely be used as a way of getting | :01:48. | :01:52. | |
round safe sex - deployed primarily as a party drug. | :01:53. | :01:54. | |
And say crucially, it doesn't cut out other sexually transmitted | :01:55. | :01:57. | |
disease - the same argument that might once have been used | :01:58. | :01:59. | |
about an NHS funded female contraceptive pill. | :02:00. | :02:03. | |
Putting someone on a daily dose of Truvada costs around five | :02:04. | :02:06. | |
If you must sleep with more than one partner, you must wear a condom, | :02:07. | :02:18. | |
because if you do get Aids, what can the doctors do to save you? | :02:19. | :02:21. | |
HIV is nothing like the terror it was. | :02:22. | :02:25. | |
New research has confirmed another step forwards in the fight | :02:26. | :02:29. | |
New analysis by medical researchers, including some at the London School | :02:30. | :02:35. | |
of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, has confirmed the effectiveness | :02:36. | :02:38. | |
That stands for pre-exposure prophylaxis. | :02:39. | :02:43. | |
What they have found is if you give a single | :02:44. | :02:46. | |
drug each day to men who have sex with men, | :02:47. | :02:48. | |
to use the blunt medical jargon, it reduces their chances | :02:49. | :02:51. | |
We found offering Prep alongside regular testing and early | :02:52. | :02:56. | |
treatment to just a quarter of men who have sex with men at high risk | :02:57. | :03:00. | |
of contracting HIV could prevent around 7500 new HIV infections | :03:01. | :03:03. | |
in the UK before 2020 and that is around 40% | :03:04. | :03:06. | |
of all new HIV infections of men who have | :03:07. | :03:09. | |
Might this drug which is brands as Macis save money by cutting HIV | :03:10. | :03:27. | |
infections? At its current prize of ?5,000 a year that a long shot. I | :03:28. | :03:31. | |
could cost hundreds of millions for a proper roll out. But it still | :03:32. | :03:35. | |
might be cost effective spending and that price will fall as patents | :03:36. | :03:40. | |
expire. This topic has been hot for a while, in New York City. The | :03:41. | :03:45. | |
debate about initiating Prep in New York is over. There is an increase | :03:46. | :03:49. | |
in the number of people who are taking Prep, specifically men who | :03:50. | :03:53. | |
have sex with men, and we believe that will decrease new infections in | :03:54. | :03:57. | |
the population it is not seen a budge in the numbers for years. | :03:58. | :04:02. | |
So should clinics like this one use public money to distribute the drug | :04:03. | :04:05. | |
is this NHS England will consult probably in the next month or so. | :04:06. | :04:10. | |
But what broader consequences might it have One of our main concerns is | :04:11. | :04:15. | |
whether men who know they are protected will compensate for this | :04:16. | :04:22. | |
by increasing their sexual risk taking, in this study risk | :04:23. | :04:29. | |
compensation analysis says a slight increase is unlikely to completely | :04:30. | :04:33. | |
counter act the strong HIV prevention benefit. We did not | :04:34. | :04:39. | |
explore the potential impact of riskier behaviour on the spread of | :04:40. | :04:44. | |
other sexual transmitted infection. Some other diseases are proving a | :04:45. | :04:48. | |
particular problem for gay men, among men treated at clip nicks | :04:49. | :04:56. | |
those who had sex with other men accounted for 68% of those with | :04:57. | :05:00. | |
syphilis. Prep is not something that should be | :05:01. | :05:05. | |
used in isolation to prevent sexually transmid infection. It | :05:06. | :05:09. | |
prevents HIV and only HIV. To prevent other sexually transmitted | :05:10. | :05:14. | |
infections it needs to be combined with other modalities, so our | :05:15. | :05:20. | |
example is, our New York City play sure kit. We show if we combine with | :05:21. | :05:25. | |
Prep with condoms we can give people a better strategy to prevent HIV. | :05:26. | :05:31. | |
For all the focus on gay men we often forget a community which has | :05:32. | :05:37. | |
very high HIV infection rates. Britain's of a black African | :05:38. | :05:45. | |
population. That is 40,000 people and a strategy for them will need to | :05:46. | :05:47. | |
follow. We have come a long way since the | :05:48. | :05:52. | |
1980s. Like to party. I like to be safe. The big questions | :05:53. | :05:57. | |
now are, is this the most effective way to spend money, and what | :05:58. | :06:02. | |
unintended consequences might Prep have? | :06:03. | :06:03. | |
One of Britian's leading LGBT journalists, Patrick Strudwick, | :06:04. | :06:06. | |
has been looking into the merits of Truvada and he believes | :06:07. | :06:09. | |
the convention of using condoms has failed. | :06:10. | :06:10. | |
He gave us his take on it for Newsnight. | :06:11. | :06:23. | |
We now have a drug that many regard as a miracle. It can prevent HIV | :06:24. | :06:32. | |
infection. It is highly effective, there are very few or even no side | :06:33. | :06:36. | |
effects and according to a report in the Lancet this week, if we gave it | :06:37. | :06:42. | |
to gay men we could prevent 10,000 new cases of HIV by 2020. | :06:43. | :06:52. | |
Because Prep isn't available on the NHS, a growing number of gay men are | :06:53. | :06:58. | |
buying it online. Like this, this is the generic version of Truvada. You | :06:59. | :07:02. | |
can buy it off the internet. Import it from India and it costs a | :07:03. | :07:06. | |
fraction of what you pay on a private prescription. | :07:07. | :07:15. | |
Generic Prep is only a Stan gap until the NHS provides it for free | :07:16. | :07:18. | |
for those of us who are most at risk of getting HIV. I think it's a | :07:19. | :07:22. | |
scandal that we are in 2016, and we have known for four or five years, | :07:23. | :07:34. | |
how effective Prep is. Already many gay men are taking Prep | :07:35. | :07:38. | |
and saying so on a dating app profiles. Sometimes it is to show | :07:39. | :07:42. | |
they won't say no to someone because they are HIV-positive. Sometimes it | :07:43. | :07:47. | |
can mean they are interested in having condomless sex. Either way it | :07:48. | :07:52. | |
is beginning to break down the barriers between HIV-negative and | :07:53. | :08:01. | |
HIV-positive men. Prep has than an amazing effect on my life. The same | :08:02. | :08:06. | |
anxiousness round sex, because I know that I am protected, I now do | :08:07. | :08:10. | |
not need to have that awkward conversation, asking such a personal | :08:11. | :08:13. | |
question to someone, to ask them if they are HIV-positive or not, | :08:14. | :08:18. | |
because I know that I am protected against HIV and I am not passing it | :08:19. | :08:23. | |
on to other people. For me, the NHS is letting gay men | :08:24. | :08:28. | |
down. It could easily make Prep available and it is not doing so. | :08:29. | :08:34. | |
This is negligent. We have more than 6,000 new cases of HIV a year. Round | :08:35. | :08:41. | |
half are of gay men. The battle for condom use has been lost. It is time | :08:42. | :08:45. | |
It is time to look elsewhere, for answers to the HIV epidemic. | :08:46. | :08:53. | |
Joining me to discuss this is Dr Michael Brady | :08:54. | :08:55. | |
And from Los Angeles, Ged Kenslea, senior director | :08:56. | :08:58. | |
Gentlemen, good to have you here. Ged Kenslea, do you believe that the | :08:59. | :09:09. | |
battle for use of condoms has been logs, that there are better ways now | :09:10. | :09:15. | |
to Superintendent HIV Aids? Well, I hate to rain on Patrick's parade, if | :09:16. | :09:21. | |
but if he feels the battle for condoms has been lost, at least | :09:22. | :09:25. | |
under US a guidelines we won't want to do Prep because it requires | :09:26. | :09:32. | |
condom use as well. It's a four part prevention strategy as a doctor | :09:33. | :09:37. | |
mentioned. Kudos to them, because they are very aggressive marketing | :09:38. | :09:42. | |
in the city that has Prep plus condoms. Prep technically it is a | :09:43. | :09:48. | |
negative HIV test to start. Daily adherence to the pill. Periodic, | :09:49. | :09:52. | |
three month follow up negative testing to make sure that the | :09:53. | :09:57. | |
individual remains HIV-negative, and continued use of other prevention | :09:58. | :10:04. | |
strategy, like condoms. At least under US guideline, Prep includes | :10:05. | :10:07. | |
condom use. So Michael Brady, when you see the advert for exam million | :10:08. | :10:11. | |
the piece we have watched of the guy going out, he says I like to party | :10:12. | :10:14. | |
and that is his answer to it. Do you accept it is sometimes used as a | :10:15. | :10:17. | |
party drug, even though it shouldn't be. I think we need to be careful | :10:18. | :10:23. | |
about the language round Prep and not forget this is a very well | :10:24. | :10:28. | |
researched successful HIV intervention. The research studies | :10:29. | :10:32. | |
and the evidence behind it is robust, solid and adds you mentioned | :10:33. | :10:37. | |
before, with the Lancet paper has been published in peer journals. The | :10:38. | :10:42. | |
context of that advert has to be you know realise, I assume that is | :10:43. | :10:46. | |
something that aimed at a community, so of lay enpeople, so the | :10:47. | :10:51. | |
language... You can do this if you want. We can choose which word to | :10:52. | :10:56. | |
pick up on, we can pick up on I like to play or be safe. That is the | :10:57. | :11:00. | |
important thing, what Prep gives up or those men who may be at risk is | :11:01. | :11:05. | |
another option to remain safe and to use it in conjunction with condoms. | :11:06. | :11:10. | |
There is not an intervention to be used by itself. Would you agree with | :11:11. | :11:15. | |
person who says it is a scandal to know how effective this is and not | :11:16. | :11:19. | |
have it freely available here on the NHS? Well, we support the NHS on | :11:20. | :11:24. | |
that. My understanding is that the medication isn't really approved by | :11:25. | :11:28. | |
your Government as yet. But we would a prove that. We, my boss made the | :11:29. | :11:34. | |
offhanded comment about a year or so ago, referring to Prep as a party | :11:35. | :11:39. | |
drug. That inflamed the internet and so forth, but, you know, our | :11:40. | :11:45. | |
physician, prescribe Prep, we have a chain of 37 pharmacies in 14 of the | :11:46. | :11:49. | |
US state, they fill prescriptions for Prep. We believe that Prep | :11:50. | :11:53. | |
should be a decision made between a provider and his or her patient, not | :11:54. | :11:59. | |
a blanket community wide. Would your organisation withdraw that claim, if | :12:00. | :12:03. | |
you like, it is a party drug? Do you think that was wrongly worded? No, I | :12:04. | :12:08. | |
don't think so, because what has happened since FDA approval in July | :12:09. | :12:14. | |
of 2012 is the goalposts have moved. In that Prep used toed daily | :12:15. | :12:19. | |
medication, now it is really being promoted for situational use. A mind | :12:20. | :12:24. | |
you there are studies going on that are exploring that issue, but under | :12:25. | :12:28. | |
current guidelines it should be daily adherence, people are now | :12:29. | :12:32. | |
suggesting which we believe that ad says you can do it for three or four | :12:33. | :12:38. | |
days. Sorry, when you hear it is being used for situational use | :12:39. | :12:41. | |
people will be watching saying there are many diseases that frankly | :12:42. | :12:45. | |
aren't preventable, that NHS money could be spent on, you can't stop | :12:46. | :12:50. | |
cancer by using a condom, you probably can stop HIV. Let me | :12:51. | :12:53. | |
address a number of those thingingser. Going back to the | :12:54. | :12:57. | |
initials a tasting about the condoms, the battle of condoms has | :12:58. | :13:00. | |
been loss, that is not true. There is lots of evidence that shows | :13:01. | :13:04. | |
condom use has been effective in slowing the pace of infection, but | :13:05. | :13:09. | |
it hasn't stopped them. In this country, certainly, the the same | :13:10. | :13:13. | |
number of gay men are being infected, while condoms have no made | :13:14. | :13:17. | |
it worse we need to up step up. That is where Prep comes in. You talk | :13:18. | :13:23. | |
about... It is important to make the point about intermittent use, there | :13:24. | :13:29. | |
are two published studies that shown the same efficacy, one was the Proud | :13:30. | :13:35. | |
study, which is regular Prep use and one in France, which showed that you | :13:36. | :13:40. | |
could use it in intermittently, there is good evidence to show that | :13:41. | :13:44. | |
situational or on demand use of Prep is just as effective. You are | :13:45. | :13:49. | |
talking about the use for gay men on a daily basis. Or intermittent. It | :13:50. | :13:55. | |
works a ewell. One third of HIV diagnosis are with British African, | :13:56. | :14:03. | |
straight and gay, so the moment you start introducing arbitrary | :14:04. | :14:05. | |
prescriptions, you are trying to decide who merits getting it and who | :14:06. | :14:10. | |
doesn't. I don't think so. It is not arbitrary. If we talk about the gay | :14:11. | :14:14. | |
men group to start with. I will come on to other groups, we already have | :14:15. | :14:18. | |
lots of evidence in, which would enable us to identify those gay men | :14:19. | :14:23. | |
who are most at risk, based on sexual history, whether on your | :14:24. | :14:28. | |
reports of unprotected sex or previously infections. Those men who | :14:29. | :14:33. | |
are going to benefit is easy. Those of us involved in the Proud study | :14:34. | :14:38. | |
have found that easy in terms of recruiting. It impacts on the other | :14:39. | :14:44. | |
important fact round NHS funding of this, I think we must not lose sight | :14:45. | :14:50. | |
of ourer, our health care system is funded differently from the States. | :14:51. | :14:53. | |
Is important the cost effectiveness is brought in so it is a fair | :14:54. | :14:57. | |
comparison with other things we have to spend resources on. | :14:58. | :15:03. | |
It is one of the most peculiar recent developments | :15:04. | :15:05. | |
of our parliamentary democracy - if a petition to Parliament passes | :15:06. | :15:08. | |
a threshold of 100,000 signatures, a debate with MPs can be held. | :15:09. | :15:10. | |
And thus it is that on Monday night, our legislators will gather | :15:11. | :15:13. | |
for a full three hours to argue whether Donald Trump should | :15:14. | :15:16. | |
Nearly 600,000 people signed the petition - | :15:17. | :15:19. | |
the largest ever - after the Republican candidate's | :15:20. | :15:21. | |
controversial call for Muslims to be barred | :15:22. | :15:24. | |
So does this signal a healthy democracy in action, | :15:25. | :15:30. | |
or a narrow-minded response that matches the very move | :15:31. | :15:32. | |
the petitioners are seeking to vilify? | :15:33. | :15:34. | |
It is easy to laugh at the schmaltz of American politics sometimes. | :15:35. | :15:47. | |
# Donald Trump knows how to make America great... | :15:48. | :15:53. | |
This, believe it or not, was organised by people who support | :15:54. | :15:56. | |
Donald Trump, not by his enemies to make him look ridiculous. | :15:57. | :16:03. | |
But perhaps the Americans can laugh at the absurdity of our system | :16:04. | :16:06. | |
As an example, some might cite the fact that on Monday, | :16:07. | :16:11. | |
for three hours in a side room of the Commons, | :16:12. | :16:17. | |
There won't be a vote and it's hard to see any of what is said | :16:18. | :16:21. | |
there making the blindest bit of difference to anything. | :16:22. | :16:23. | |
Parliament has more important things to do. | :16:24. | :16:27. | |
We have attacks on the homeland from Isil, attacks in Europe, | :16:28. | :16:31. | |
the European Union going on, the stuff | :16:32. | :16:33. | |
that fills up Newsnight every night, and we are discussing Donald Trump. | :16:34. | :16:36. | |
The debate was triggered by a government e-petition, | :16:37. | :16:41. | |
signed by people outraged by comments by a man who calls | :16:42. | :16:44. | |
himself the least racist person you have ever met. | :16:45. | :16:49. | |
Donald J Trump is calling for a total and complete | :16:50. | :16:54. | |
shutdown of Muslims entering the United States until our | :16:55. | :16:56. | |
country's representatives can figure out what | :16:57. | :16:58. | |
In the UK, these words were met with outraged | :16:59. | :17:05. | |
condemnation by everyone in mainstream politics | :17:06. | :17:07. | |
and there was no shortage of advice for the Home | :17:08. | :17:09. | |
Are you going to ban Donald Trump from the UK? | :17:10. | :17:14. | |
It is an easy matter to ban someone - they are not | :17:15. | :17:24. | |
It happens to thousands of people all the time. | :17:25. | :17:27. | |
However, when it happens to a celebrity, like it did to Chris | :17:28. | :17:30. | |
Brown, or Mike Tyson, or Martha Stewart, we in the media | :17:31. | :17:33. | |
But the Home Secretary also has the power to | :17:34. | :17:43. | |
personally exclude someone whose presence in the UK she feels is not | :17:44. | :17:46. | |
For some MPs, that is the perfect description of Donald Trump. | :17:47. | :17:50. | |
He is not conducive to the public good. | :17:51. | :17:52. | |
We have rules in our country that state | :17:53. | :17:55. | |
if figures are not conducive to the public good, they should not | :17:56. | :17:57. | |
We should not make exceptions for billionaire | :17:58. | :18:01. | |
Sometimes that's the beauty of freedom of speech. | :18:02. | :18:18. | |
When it gets out in the open and is put in such a way people say, | :18:19. | :18:22. | |
wait a minute, this is the dumbest thing I've heard, and you don't know | :18:23. | :18:25. | |
As someone who has been been a talk-show host, many days | :18:26. | :18:30. | |
many days I have had something that is genius | :18:31. | :18:35. | |
until I open my mouth, and I am the first to say - | :18:36. | :18:38. | |
that is the stupidest thing I have ever heard. | :18:39. | :18:40. | |
The main reason this will come to nothing is the government | :18:41. | :18:43. | |
Come November, there is a chance Donald Trump could be elected | :18:44. | :18:48. | |
It is not a massive chance, but stranger things | :18:49. | :18:52. | |
And the government is not about to risk such an international | :18:53. | :18:58. | |
Donald Trump has faced scarier situations than just being talked | :18:59. | :19:03. | |
Being banned might even help him win votes, although not necessarily | :19:04. | :19:12. | |
Rose Hamid was kicked out of a Donald Trump event in South | :19:13. | :19:22. | |
She had stood in silent protest, wearing a hijab and a T-shirt | :19:23. | :19:27. | |
Nice of you to join us, why did you attend that event? | :19:28. | :19:41. | |
Nice of you to join us, why did you have a history of protesting things | :19:42. | :19:43. | |
we stand against and that was have a history of protesting things | :19:44. | :19:47. | |
aspect. The other aspect Muslim, I have objection to the way | :19:48. | :19:55. | |
he is talking about Muslims, and not just Muslims, but all hate speech in | :19:56. | :20:00. | |
general so it was standing up against the concept of hate speech, | :20:01. | :20:05. | |
because of the way it could spiral. Did you expect to be thrown out of | :20:06. | :20:07. | |
the event? Was it what Did you expect to be thrown out of | :20:08. | :20:16. | |
hoping for? I was assuming I would once I stood | :20:17. | :20:16. | |
hoping for? I was assuming I would has asked people to leave before. | :20:17. | :20:20. | |
What do you think should happen to Donald Trump with the debate in | :20:21. | :20:26. | |
Parliament on Monday? At issue is the question of hate speech and what | :20:27. | :20:31. | |
it causes. When I was sitting, before I stood up in protest, the | :20:32. | :20:37. | |
people around me were nice, cordial, decent human beings, which I believe | :20:38. | :20:41. | |
most people are, the problem is when you get into the mob mentality, | :20:42. | :20:45. | |
most people are, the problem is when which he whipped people into this | :20:46. | :20:46. | |
frenzy, it is almost which he whipped people into this | :20:47. | :20:49. | |
different entity, people are not individuals, they behave in a way | :20:50. | :20:53. | |
that is dangerous not just individuals, they behave in a way | :20:54. | :20:56. | |
Muslims, but for all people individuals, they behave in a way | :20:57. | :20:58. | |
up in that. Do you think it is individuals, they behave in a way | :20:59. | :21:07. | |
ban him in the UK? I am sorry, I did not | :21:08. | :21:10. | |
ban him in the UK? I am sorry, I did he should be banned from the UK? I | :21:11. | :21:13. | |
think you should, it would send a message. He has to change his | :21:14. | :21:16. | |
rhetoric. message. He has to change his | :21:17. | :21:21. | |
speech. Why is that not a message. He has to change his | :21:22. | :21:27. | |
a mob mentality, signing a petition calling for a ban, when you do not | :21:28. | :21:29. | |
like him calling for a ban? calling for a ban, when you do not | :21:30. | :21:32. | |
concept is what the results are, calling for a ban, when you do not | :21:33. | :21:37. | |
when someone is standing there, and it was evident in the room I was in. | :21:38. | :21:45. | |
The whipping up, calling people, even saying, they hate us, it is | :21:46. | :21:50. | |
something, when you say they hate us, it is, they hate me, I am going | :21:51. | :21:58. | |
to hate them back. That concept inspires people to do that in a | :21:59. | :22:03. | |
group. You think he believes what he is saying? Is he tapping into | :22:04. | :22:07. | |
something some Americans already thought? Do you think he is creating | :22:08. | :22:17. | |
this feeling now? There is a group, and Islamophobic network in America | :22:18. | :22:21. | |
that is active and well funded and is probably providing him with | :22:22. | :22:26. | |
inaccurate information and probably feeding into some of the fears of | :22:27. | :22:29. | |
folks in America. There is a group, a report called Fear Inc. If he gets | :22:30. | :22:44. | |
the nomination for the presidency, what will happen? I don't know. I | :22:45. | :22:48. | |
think Canada will have an immigration problem! I don't know. I | :22:49. | :22:58. | |
really hope that once this starts to pan out people realise hate speech | :22:59. | :23:02. | |
is not the way America wants to be represented to the world. Are you | :23:03. | :23:08. | |
scared that will happen? Would it make you reconsider your position in | :23:09. | :23:13. | |
the United States? I think if he does win, I think there will be a | :23:14. | :23:19. | |
lot of work to do to combat any type of the things he is saying he wants | :23:20. | :23:23. | |
to institute. I think there will be a lot of work that needs to be done | :23:24. | :23:27. | |
and people need to stand up against him. You would like on Monday to | :23:28. | :23:34. | |
hear UK legislators banned Donald Trump from coming here? That would | :23:35. | :23:38. | |
be great. There is a resolution in South Carolina, representative wants | :23:39. | :23:45. | |
to ban him from South Carolina. Thanks. | :23:46. | :23:46. | |
The new film The Revenant - nominated yesterday for 12 Oscars - | :23:47. | :23:49. | |
It's long, it's brutal, and, if you're looking for character | :23:50. | :23:54. | |
But for those who appreciate extraordinarily skilful tracking | :23:55. | :23:58. | |
shots and a vision of the wildnerness | :23:59. | :23:59. | |
untouched, raw and majestic, then, yes, it's a piece of art. | :24:00. | :24:04. | |
The film was shot with minumum artifice and maximum use of real | :24:05. | :24:07. | |
It tells the story of an American fur trapper | :24:08. | :24:11. | |
left for dead after an attack by a bear, and it stars | :24:12. | :24:14. | |
I sat down with the director, Alejandro G Inarritu. | :24:15. | :24:27. | |
To make a film like this requires a lot of work, | :24:28. | :24:30. | |
Obviously, to be exposed 14 hours a day in exterior | :24:31. | :24:36. | |
locations, in low temperatures, prepare all those landscapes. | :24:37. | :24:40. | |
Logistically, it was a very challenging film | :24:41. | :24:42. | |
We were shooting a film about these trappers struggling in those | :24:43. | :24:51. | |
conditions, and we have to go through the same, | :24:52. | :25:02. | |
because those scenarios were needed to express how nature can heal you, | :25:03. | :25:04. | |
And those were, I will say the natural states of these men, | :25:05. | :25:09. | |
as we are now used to concrete and city lights | :25:10. | :25:11. | |
This is the toughest jungle, maybe for these men. | :25:12. | :25:25. | |
Maybe if they were born now, "How do they survive here, | :25:26. | :25:28. | |
I doubt it was a fair critic, because nobody can say that. | :25:29. | :25:41. | |
It was one of those things that happened and I think maybe | :25:42. | :25:44. | |
it is a metaphorical way to say that it was brutal. | :25:45. | :25:47. | |
When a bear attacks a man, it is brutal. | :25:48. | :25:49. | |
I went into every detail of how and why a bear does that, | :25:50. | :25:52. | |
I want that the audience, in a way - that rarely ever in life | :25:53. | :26:00. | |
For me, the film is a metaphor about how we, in our lives, | :26:01. | :26:09. | |
For me, to deal with cancer is a bear attack, or to deal | :26:10. | :26:15. | |
with divorce, or when a family member dies. | :26:16. | :26:19. | |
You fall from the cliff, you are attacked by a bear. | :26:20. | :26:22. | |
People in a way have to heal themselves spiritually, | :26:23. | :26:24. | |
I think we die and live and are reborn many | :26:25. | :26:32. | |
One thing that struck me very strongly was seeing these frontier | :26:33. | :26:42. | |
pioneers of the 1800s, where the right to bear arms | :26:43. | :26:44. | |
was literally a matter of life and death. | :26:45. | :26:46. | |
I wonder if you approach what is now a very hot gun debate topic | :26:47. | :26:50. | |
in the States with a different understanding of what it means | :26:51. | :26:52. | |
I think in that time and in those territories, it made absolute sense. | :26:53. | :27:04. | |
Those men can't live without a gun in that time. | :27:05. | :27:09. | |
When you were going into those places, everything was a threat. | :27:10. | :27:14. | |
More widely, how do you see America, the country you have now | :27:15. | :27:17. | |
made your home, in an election year - it's going to be a big | :27:18. | :27:21. | |
year for America, this - how do you feel as a Mexican, | :27:22. | :27:23. | |
how do you feel about this country that you see, to some | :27:24. | :27:26. | |
I really have been a privileged guy in the United States. | :27:27. | :27:41. | |
I have been supported, and have had the privilege to work, | :27:42. | :27:44. | |
and I am absolutely thankful for many things. | :27:45. | :27:47. | |
That is not the same luck for many of my Mexican fellows. | :27:48. | :27:52. | |
The fact they are invisible, the fact they have not been | :27:53. | :27:55. | |
The fact that the ones who have been living here ten, | :27:56. | :27:59. | |
15 years - families, that have built everything, | :28:00. | :28:01. | |
That have contributed not just working, but culturally, | :28:02. | :28:10. | |
with their smiles, their power, with a lot of things | :28:11. | :28:13. | |
The fact they are invisible and are not recognised and have not | :28:14. | :28:18. | |
been accepted and officially been citizens with the rights of anybody, | :28:19. | :28:22. | |
it is something that really fills my heart with a lot of pain. | :28:23. | :28:26. | |
Do you think it will get harder for Mexicans in America this year, | :28:27. | :28:29. | |
given the comments by Donald Trump, etc? | :28:30. | :28:31. | |
I think that, you know, in the story of the world, | :28:32. | :28:41. | |
people do not get along easily, even in our families. | :28:42. | :28:46. | |
On a 15-day trip you cannot get along with people you love. | :28:47. | :28:52. | |
But that does not mean that you deport people, | :28:53. | :28:54. | |
We have to get along in a way, especially when it | :28:55. | :28:58. | |
I think there is a lack of understanding. | :28:59. | :29:05. | |
When those comments are expressed irresponsibly, in such an ignorant | :29:06. | :29:08. | |
way, to not understand the integrity and the dimension and the complexity | :29:09. | :29:14. | |
of human beings, with the reason that makes them be there... | :29:15. | :29:16. | |
Without compassion, without kindness. | :29:17. | :29:19. | |
If we don't understand the other, who do you love, if you | :29:20. | :29:27. | |
That's it for tonight, but in the week in which Britain | :29:28. | :29:38. | |
lost one hero - David Bowie - and gained a new one - | :29:39. | :29:41. | |
Tim Peake, the first British astronaut | :29:42. | :29:42. | |
it seems fitting to leave you with the pictures that bring | :29:43. | :29:48. | |
MISSION CONTROL: Tim, it's really cool seeing that | :29:49. | :29:52. | |
It has explored all over the world, now | :29:53. | :29:55. | |
# This is Major Tom to ground control. | :29:56. | :30:03. | |
# And I'm floating in the most peculiar way. | :30:04. | :30:14. | |
# And the stars look very different today. | :30:15. | :30:24. | |
# For here am I sitting in a tin can. | :30:25. | :30:38. | |
# Planet Earth is blue and there's nothing I can do #. | :30:39. | :30:48. |