Browse content similar to 08/03/2016. Check below for episodes and series from the same categories and more!
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Slovenia restricts its borders from midnight tonight. | :00:00. | :00:07. | |
A plan is hatched to stop the migrant flow, but it's messy, | :00:08. | :00:18. | |
morally complicated - possibly illegal. | :00:19. | :00:24. | |
We are outsourcing problems to Turkey. They will decide who is a | :00:25. | :00:32. | |
refugee, that is now the Turkish government who will decide and no | :00:33. | :00:34. | |
longer the European Union. Would Europe solve the migrant | :00:35. | :00:35. | |
crisis better without the EU? And what place would Britain | :00:36. | :00:38. | |
want to play in it? The plan is to let more than one | :00:39. | :00:40. | |
train company run a local franchise. Will they just cherry pick | :00:41. | :00:47. | |
the most profitable routes? A lot of competition sounds great | :00:48. | :00:57. | |
but where is the public interest, who will run services that do not | :00:58. | :01:01. | |
make a profit, and who will allocate the use of an already congested | :01:02. | :01:05. | |
line, which trains will get permission to run? | :01:06. | :01:06. | |
We visit the Isle of Lewis - now better known as Donald Trump's | :01:07. | :01:11. | |
What light can locals shed on the Republican frontrunner? | :01:12. | :01:19. | |
He does not behave as people up here would behave. He is extremely full | :01:20. | :01:25. | |
of himself. And will three-quid lobster | :01:26. | :01:28. | |
be the new spag bol? We talk democratisation | :01:29. | :01:30. | |
of the elite crustaceon. From midnight tonight, | :01:31. | :01:40. | |
the main Balkan migration route into Europe | :01:41. | :01:42. | |
will effectively be closed down Slovenia will enforce the demand | :01:43. | :01:50. | |
for valid EU visas at its borders. The move will have | :01:51. | :01:53. | |
a knock-on effect. Serbia will shut down its borders | :01:54. | :01:55. | |
with Macedonia and Bulgaria, which means the thosuands | :01:56. | :01:57. | |
of migrants currently stranded EU leaders talking long | :01:58. | :01:59. | |
into the night to find a solution to this flow have come up | :02:00. | :02:03. | |
with an improbable sounding one. The Turkish Prime Minister has | :02:04. | :02:05. | |
agreed to readmit all those leaving his country - | :02:06. | :02:09. | |
if the EU agrees to take refiugees -- refugees from Turkish | :02:10. | :02:15. | |
camps in exchange. The practicalities sound fraught, | :02:16. | :02:17. | |
messy, even illegal. But the underlying message | :02:18. | :02:19. | |
is becoming clearer. The days of irregular migration - | :02:20. | :02:22. | |
as Donald Tusk remarked - are over. Tonight, we look at the refugee | :02:23. | :02:24. | |
crisis not just through the prism of Brexit, but through questions | :02:25. | :02:31. | |
about what the European Union Our first report comes | :02:32. | :02:34. | |
from Gabriel Gatehouse. If the announcement of the deal | :02:35. | :02:41. | |
was designed to send a message, then it hasn't reached | :02:42. | :02:44. | |
its target audience, They continued to arrive | :02:45. | :02:46. | |
on Greece's eastern islands. More than 700 of them today, | :02:47. | :02:58. | |
adding to the tens of thousands already in the country, | :02:59. | :03:01. | |
hoping to make their The agreement has yet to be | :03:02. | :03:03. | |
finalised, but if it is, Turkey will take back | :03:04. | :03:06. | |
all irregular migrants. That means people like these, | :03:07. | :03:11. | |
making cold perilous journeys in rubber dinghies without | :03:12. | :03:13. | |
the proper documentation. In return, Turkey, already home to | :03:14. | :03:23. | |
2.7 million Syrian refugees, gets a mass resettlement programme under | :03:24. | :03:29. | |
the principle of one in, one out. Here is where things get | :03:30. | :03:33. | |
controversial. Here is how it is supposed to work. Let's say a boat | :03:34. | :03:39. | |
with 18 people aboard is intercepted in the Aegean and half of them are | :03:40. | :03:43. | |
Syrians, under the agreement all will be returned to Turkey but in | :03:44. | :03:47. | |
exchange nine of the Syrians living in refugee camps in Turkey will be | :03:48. | :03:52. | |
flown to the EU for resettlement. No doubt with more than half an eye on | :03:53. | :03:57. | |
the EU referendum, David Cameron made it clear Britain will not take | :03:58. | :04:00. | |
part in resettlement programmes. We have a rock-solid, he tweeted last | :04:01. | :04:09. | |
night. The Danish have a similar get out clause, but other EU nation | :04:10. | :04:14. | |
state. It does not mean they will throw open their doors. This is the | :04:15. | :04:21. | |
only country where refugees are considered a rock-solid vote loser. | :04:22. | :04:26. | |
Slovakia and Poland are hostile to the idea. If this is to work, it | :04:27. | :04:31. | |
will be Germany, putting together an ad hoc coalition of the willing. The | :04:32. | :04:36. | |
Czech republic and Greeks are in and the Dutch would like to join and | :04:37. | :04:40. | |
probably others, but that leaves questions, especially over numbers. | :04:41. | :04:47. | |
By way of precedent the EU last year agreed a quota system for 160,000 | :04:48. | :04:54. | |
refugees already in Europe. To date, fewer than 700 have been rehoused. | :04:55. | :05:00. | |
Critics of the agreement say it is pointless doing deals in Brussels | :05:01. | :05:03. | |
without getting individual member states on board. We see member | :05:04. | :05:10. | |
states are not capable, not in the capacity to find a common European | :05:11. | :05:15. | |
response. It is not the first time. We saw it with previous crises. Why | :05:16. | :05:27. | |
is this? Because they think is a European Council and con federation, | :05:28. | :05:33. | |
deciding by unanimity, they can solve the problem. That is not true. | :05:34. | :05:39. | |
We need a common European response. We need a European coastguard, | :05:40. | :05:44. | |
asylum system and migration system to tackle this. If the countries are | :05:45. | :05:52. | |
not willing to establish common policies, European policies, we will | :05:53. | :05:56. | |
have more problems in the future and more crises to come. If the deal | :05:57. | :06:01. | |
does not run into political difficulty it is likely to face | :06:02. | :06:06. | |
legal obstacles. The UN says the arrangement could contravene | :06:07. | :06:09. | |
international law. It only talks about refugees from Syria, that | :06:10. | :06:13. | |
account for less than half arriving in Greece. What about people from | :06:14. | :06:19. | |
Iraq, Afghanistan? It is difficult to do blanket -based returns of | :06:20. | :06:22. | |
people on nationality without looking at individual claims. I | :06:23. | :06:29. | |
think it is inevitable the returns will be challenged. Individuals in | :06:30. | :06:34. | |
Greece will be able to access Greek courts and make applications to the | :06:35. | :06:39. | |
European Court of Human Rights and there are basic principles of | :06:40. | :06:43. | |
international law, which means the consequences of return in each case | :06:44. | :06:48. | |
must be examined. Meanwhile migrants and refugees keep on coming, piling | :06:49. | :06:54. | |
up on Greece's closed northern border. Turkey will receive the | :06:55. | :07:02. | |
lives of euros, visa free travel, it has called it an important victory | :07:03. | :07:06. | |
for its citizens. In Europe they could soon be asking if they have | :07:07. | :07:10. | |
paid too high a price for something that might not work. | :07:11. | :07:11. | |
So does a union of 29 European countries look like the best way | :07:12. | :07:15. | |
And would Britain find it easier to work out its own response | :07:16. | :07:18. | |
to immigration from the inside or the outside? | :07:19. | :07:20. | |
Joining me is Labour MP Gisela Stuart and the Conservative | :07:21. | :07:28. | |
You are an inner. You have seen this for yourself and visited the | :07:29. | :07:40. | |
islands. When you look at the proposal the Turkish PM is putting | :07:41. | :07:44. | |
forward, does it sound workable? It does provided some of the week | :07:45. | :07:51. | |
processing eyesore is corrected. The islands are in utter chaos, with | :07:52. | :07:57. | |
nobody doing processing of paperwork or human beings, yet they were | :07:58. | :08:04. | |
promised money. I think the theory of this deal, putting aside legal | :08:05. | :08:09. | |
debate, is potentially great, but it must be complemented by processes on | :08:10. | :08:12. | |
the ground and somebody needs to organise it. The idea it is a | :08:13. | :08:19. | |
blanket ban, returning people without questioning where they have | :08:20. | :08:25. | |
come from, it sounds on workable and illegal. I am not an expert on | :08:26. | :08:32. | |
asylum law. It seems Europe is trying to find a solution and if | :08:33. | :08:35. | |
that means parking the rule book for a moment to better the life chances | :08:36. | :08:41. | |
of this people, it must be worth looking at. They have come up with | :08:42. | :08:47. | |
something, a plan that is potentially workable. Do you commend | :08:48. | :08:52. | |
them? Do you see the importance of the EU at a time like this? Part of | :08:53. | :08:58. | |
the reason we have the problem is of their own creation. If you go back | :08:59. | :09:04. | |
when we had the crisis in Libya and the Italians tries to control | :09:05. | :09:11. | |
borders and it was not financed by the EU. It failed in Malta, Italy, | :09:12. | :09:18. | |
it goes on failing. We have this situation where in your PC said we | :09:19. | :09:25. | |
need to find a common answer. There comes a point where you say you are | :09:26. | :09:29. | |
failing to find a common answer. Because they are wedded to the | :09:30. | :09:35. | |
single currency and free movement of labour, they are refusing to accept | :09:36. | :09:39. | |
there was a problem with Schengen when you did not have internal | :09:40. | :09:45. | |
borders, this isn't working. Are you suggesting Europe has created this | :09:46. | :09:51. | |
problem? He was right when he said the countries are outsourcing | :09:52. | :09:57. | |
controls of the Borders. Large European countries, Germany and | :09:58. | :10:01. | |
France, have for many years outsourced the responsibility to | :10:02. | :10:07. | |
Greece, Italy, southern borders of Spain, without accepting the | :10:08. | :10:11. | |
consequences. This is what is happening, the consequences of that | :10:12. | :10:15. | |
failure. Outsourcing, it sounds like it comes at a price, the concessions | :10:16. | :10:20. | |
Turkey is asking for that Turks would have visa free travel. And we | :10:21. | :10:30. | |
are putting membership of the EU for Turkey on the table. It is massive? | :10:31. | :10:36. | |
It feels a massive price to pay. I do not disagree with anything you | :10:37. | :10:40. | |
have said. I think Britain feels like that, we have received between | :10:41. | :10:46. | |
us, we are all right, Jack, but it is now coming to everybody's doors, | :10:47. | :10:50. | |
which means an opportunity for Europe to work together. 90% of the | :10:51. | :10:56. | |
1 million who came in in the past year are people who came through | :10:57. | :11:03. | |
that route. Nothing of this is addressing it. Turkey, which is | :11:04. | :11:09. | |
behaving in liberally, more than it has for a long time, we would not | :11:10. | :11:13. | |
grant membership. We are suddenly saying it is fine. We have a | :11:14. | :11:18. | |
sequence of short-term solutions that rather than solving down the | :11:19. | :11:23. | |
line problems, aggravates them. If the politicians who made those | :11:24. | :11:26. | |
decisions would pay the price, I would say OK. It is the thousands of | :11:27. | :11:33. | |
people and children paying the price for political failure. Would you | :11:34. | :11:37. | |
concede membership of the EU for Turkey is worth it? That they will | :11:38. | :11:43. | |
help solve this. It is not a perfect and instance acceptance. There are | :11:44. | :11:49. | |
hurdles to be accepted and I do not think it should circumvent those, | :11:50. | :11:55. | |
but do I think we have to put ourselves in a Brave new world of | :11:56. | :11:58. | |
finding a deal that helps everyone, because it is so large now. Turkey | :11:59. | :12:08. | |
in the EU? If it means we have to get around a table that feels | :12:09. | :12:15. | |
unpalatable to start with... Do you think David Cameron, George Osborne, | :12:16. | :12:19. | |
arguing to remain in, would be comfortable with an enlarged EU | :12:20. | :12:24. | |
including Turkey? I think they feel reasonably confident because despite | :12:25. | :12:34. | |
the potential deal with Turkey, we are not obliged to take any | :12:35. | :12:39. | |
migrants. I think morally we should take more. There is no necessity for | :12:40. | :12:45. | |
us to do, so in some ways we have the special relationship. I find it | :12:46. | :12:51. | |
extraordinary. As it happens, it has been our failure to deal with Turkey | :12:52. | :12:56. | |
properly. And their membership applications which has been part of | :12:57. | :13:01. | |
the problem, but now it is behaving in liberally added time but it has a | :13:02. | :13:05. | |
population equal to Germany, and we are being told Britain will have a | :13:06. | :13:13. | |
say, the voting weight with either same as Germany, probably larger | :13:14. | :13:17. | |
than the UK, this requires thinking through. It is not a short-term | :13:18. | :13:23. | |
response to a deep crisis. I would rather go back and say, look at | :13:24. | :13:29. | |
Schengen, look at the Freedom of movement and when it serves a | :13:30. | :13:35. | |
purpose, strength in dealing with smugglers. Strengthen what Nato is | :13:36. | :13:42. | |
doing. Then we might get somewhere, but not like this. A combined | :13:43. | :13:47. | |
strategy. How many should be take? You say you are not on the same | :13:48. | :13:52. | |
level as the government. Where should the UK obligation go? I think | :13:53. | :13:58. | |
it is a moving feast and we need to say 20,000 might not be enough, but | :13:59. | :14:02. | |
if this plan works and we stem the flow and stopped a separate between | :14:03. | :14:06. | |
economic migrants and those who need asylum. 50, 100? You must have a | :14:07. | :14:11. | |
sense of how far this reach would go. I sense it could double. I am | :14:12. | :14:18. | |
interested in the orphaned children. People say I'm accompanied, but | :14:19. | :14:23. | |
these are children who genuinely have nobody in the world. Those | :14:24. | :14:28. | |
children, I think we have an obligation to take. Thanks. | :14:29. | :14:30. | |
Meanwhile, the Bank of England Governor Mark Carney has | :14:31. | :14:33. | |
come under fire from Brexiters for his remarks | :14:34. | :14:34. | |
He stopped short of advising the UK to stay in, but he said an exit | :14:35. | :14:40. | |
could hurt Britain's economy and prompt some banks to abandon | :14:41. | :14:42. | |
London as a global financial powerhouse. | :14:43. | :14:44. | |
Lord Lawson called the intervention entirely political | :14:45. | :14:45. | |
Or is it unrealistic to ask our business and financial | :14:46. | :14:53. | |
leaders not to get involved in such a crucial debate? | :14:54. | :15:03. | |
The issue is the biggest domestic risk to financial stability. | :15:04. | :15:11. | |
Because, in part, of the issues around uncertainty, but also, if I | :15:12. | :15:15. | |
may just finished quickly, because it has the potential, depending on | :15:16. | :15:23. | |
how it is prosecuted and how these issues can be addressed, to amplify | :15:24. | :15:31. | |
risks around accounts, potential risks around housing and market | :15:32. | :15:34. | |
function, which we will try to mitigate, and also associated risks | :15:35. | :15:42. | |
with respects to the euro area. The reason I am asking is that example | :15:43. | :15:50. | |
in themselves. You say it is more than a little extra volatility, this | :15:51. | :15:54. | |
departure? It would represent more than that? Or are you saying that is | :15:55. | :16:01. | |
all it is? I'm saying it is a risk, the biggest domestic risk to | :16:02. | :16:07. | |
financial stability. The European Union regulation achieves the | :16:08. | :16:13. | |
highest international standard. There are some exceptions but in the | :16:14. | :16:17. | |
name, that is the case. If we were to be outside, the question is how | :16:18. | :16:27. | |
much influence would we have? One would expect some activity to move, | :16:28. | :16:32. | |
certainly there is a logic to that. And there is a view that has been | :16:33. | :16:38. | |
expressed publicly and privately by a number of institutions that they | :16:39. | :16:46. | |
would look at it and I would say that a number of institutions are | :16:47. | :16:50. | |
contingency planning for that possibility, major institutions | :16:51. | :16:56. | |
headquartered here, so there would be an impact. | :16:57. | :17:03. | |
Richard Tice is co-founder of the Leave.EU group. | :17:04. | :17:04. | |
Also from the perspective of a property developer, is that right? | :17:05. | :17:14. | |
Do you really think we should be gagging those who might help the | :17:15. | :17:17. | |
public understand these incredibly competitions? No, definitely not. It | :17:18. | :17:23. | |
is actually the prime minister who has been trying to gag people, | :17:24. | :17:26. | |
initially ministers, cabinet members, and recently John Waller. | :17:27. | :17:33. | |
So you have no problem with Mark Carney today? I do not and let's be | :17:34. | :17:37. | |
clear, he has not made any recommendation either way. They also | :17:38. | :17:41. | |
said that no conference of assessment has been made. He | :17:42. | :17:45. | |
mentioned risks and risks everyday in our lives in business and | :17:46. | :17:48. | |
domestic life. I do happy with him coming out and saying that there | :17:49. | :17:54. | |
will be risks involved? -- are you happy. There are permanent risks in | :17:55. | :17:59. | |
business, as I have said, and life is full of risks. But he also said | :18:00. | :18:04. | |
today that the bigger risk, the global risks, China, and other | :18:05. | :18:08. | |
things that he inferred, for example possibly the American economy. So | :18:09. | :18:12. | |
actually, to refer to this as a domestic risk, we could argue it is | :18:13. | :18:16. | |
good news for the leave campaign. Does it make you embarrassed when | :18:17. | :18:22. | |
people on your side, Jacob Rees-Mogg and the Treasury Select Committee, | :18:23. | :18:25. | |
or Lord Lawson, when they say he has been wrong to come out, that he has | :18:26. | :18:29. | |
been a political animal to get involved. You seem more relaxed. I | :18:30. | :18:34. | |
am relaxed. At the end of the day, the government governor of the Bank | :18:35. | :18:37. | |
of England has a role to play but he has said clearly he is not making a | :18:38. | :18:40. | |
recommendation. Equally, the bank of a bond is part of the establishment | :18:41. | :18:43. | |
and they will not go against the government. Ultimately, the people | :18:44. | :18:50. | |
have a view of what the establishment is saying, and we are | :18:51. | :18:55. | |
relaxed about it. -- the bank of England. He has referred to the | :18:56. | :18:58. | |
domestic issues, the bigger global risks. The proof is in the pudding. | :18:59. | :19:02. | |
Take HSBC. They have recently decided to keep their global | :19:03. | :19:07. | |
headquarters in London after a two or three year review. That could | :19:08. | :19:13. | |
easily have been deferred until after the Brexit vote. But they | :19:14. | :19:16. | |
didn't, they made the commitment to stay in London because it is the | :19:17. | :19:20. | |
best global financial centre. That is a huge statement of intent. What | :19:21. | :19:28. | |
you do with all that weight on the other side, whether it is the CEO of | :19:29. | :19:33. | |
BA, or has there, Marks Spencer is, Heathrow and Gatwick airports, | :19:34. | :19:38. | |
if people are saying, I recognise and trust that brand, and I believe | :19:39. | :19:43. | |
in that CEO, and they are all, overwhelmingly on the side of | :19:44. | :19:47. | |
remaining. What does that tell you? We have had companies like Nissan | :19:48. | :19:52. | |
and Toyota, JCB, huge companies saying it would not affect | :19:53. | :19:57. | |
investment plans and plans for UK jobs. Take a throw. They want a | :19:58. | :20:00. | |
third runway and that is a government decisions open Number Ten | :20:01. | :20:04. | |
says, please sign this letter, are you going to deny that? Of course | :20:05. | :20:09. | |
not. You scratch my back, I scratch yours. You think they are all | :20:10. | :20:11. | |
politically pocketed by the government? They are all being | :20:12. | :20:15. | |
pushed into this? That is a very good example. The government | :20:16. | :20:21. | |
admitted to organising the letter of the team leaders. A lot of them | :20:22. | :20:24. | |
declined to sign it. Then the military letter, Number Ten got that | :20:25. | :20:28. | |
wrong. Would you say that BA is being pressurised, Asda, Marks | :20:29. | :20:34. | |
Spencer? Vodafone? I wonder how far you think the tentacles of | :20:35. | :20:37. | |
government reach. The leaders of those businesses are generally | :20:38. | :20:43. | |
corporate managers who have risen through corporate life. | :20:44. | :20:47. | |
Entrepreneurs, Peter Hargreavess of this world, people in the city like | :20:48. | :20:51. | |
Oliver Hemsley, people like Peter Cruddas and Terry Smith, the | :20:52. | :20:55. | |
entrepreneurs in the city are almost exclusively, by and large for out. | :20:56. | :21:00. | |
That tells you a lot about the real risk takers and where they see | :21:01. | :21:04. | |
opportunities. I don't know what you would call her an entrepreneur or a | :21:05. | :21:08. | |
risk taker but we have the front page of the Sun, which says that the | :21:09. | :21:13. | |
Queen backs Brexit. The EU is going the wrong direction, she says. She | :21:14. | :21:17. | |
is hailed as a backer of Brexit after details emerged about an | :21:18. | :21:23. | |
alleged bust up between her and Nick Clegg over Europe. Is that an | :21:24. | :21:26. | |
overwhelmingly political intervention. I think that seals it. | :21:27. | :21:31. | |
I am a royalist and the Queen is always right. Let's vote tomorrow. | :21:32. | :21:37. | |
And you think that will shut up everyone on the no campaign, on the | :21:38. | :21:40. | |
Brexit campaign, saying that we cannot let big figures, the Mark | :21:41. | :21:46. | |
Carneys of this world get involved? I have to say, this is from the sun | :21:47. | :21:50. | |
and we have not had Palace confirmation, but does that stop | :21:51. | :21:53. | |
anyone moaning about big figures getting involved? Anyone can get | :21:54. | :21:58. | |
involved. Publicly. You are proud to see her come out and say that? Yes. | :21:59. | :22:03. | |
I am proud to see people stand up and get counted but when people like | :22:04. | :22:07. | |
John Longworth stand up and be counted, they make clear it is a | :22:08. | :22:11. | |
personal view, to then be forced to resign... Can the Queen not have a | :22:12. | :22:15. | |
personal view? She is as entitled as anybody. The real point is that all | :22:16. | :22:20. | |
of us should stand up and be counted, rather than being shamed | :22:21. | :22:24. | |
into silence. Thank you for coming in. | :22:25. | :22:28. | |
How to run railways, though, is a problem we've | :22:29. | :22:32. | |
Over the past two centuries, we've tried more or less every | :22:33. | :22:35. | |
conceivable system of financing and regulation | :22:36. | :22:36. | |
of appointing the Fat Controller from Thomas the Tank Engine. | :22:37. | :22:40. | |
The question is a live rail in politics once again, | :22:41. | :22:42. | |
with Labour promising to renationalise | :22:43. | :22:44. | |
While last year, the government launched a review into the future | :22:45. | :22:51. | |
Into this mix today the public body charged with giving power | :22:52. | :22:55. | |
to consumers called for far more competition on the rails. | :22:56. | :22:58. | |
Turning the monolith of British rail into an overlapping network of | :22:59. | :23:11. | |
competing companies was not an easy job. British rail may have been the | :23:12. | :23:18. | |
nation's aunt Sally but at least it is a single entity. Tomorrow becomes | :23:19. | :23:23. | |
art group of 25... Like designing the French republic, we have tried | :23:24. | :23:26. | |
quite a few different systems on our railways. Revolution has never been | :23:27. | :23:31. | |
far away. Rail privatisation was supposed to introduce competition | :23:32. | :23:34. | |
into the system at the bidding phase. The companies would compete | :23:35. | :23:42. | |
for the franchise. But once the franchise was won, passengers will | :23:43. | :23:45. | |
get little choice of which company they travelled with to a given | :23:46. | :23:49. | |
destination. This is the system at the moment. East franchise -- each | :23:50. | :23:53. | |
franchise controls its own route. But the competition in markets | :23:54. | :23:56. | |
authority today recommended allowing different companies to compete for | :23:57. | :24:00. | |
passengers along the same routes. Their logic, in a more competitive | :24:01. | :24:05. | |
environment, companies will push to be more efficient, and for there to | :24:06. | :24:10. | |
be better use of existing capacity, so there are benefits for the | :24:11. | :24:14. | |
network and the tax payer who help to subsidise the railways. The | :24:15. | :24:18. | |
current franchise system is not competitive. 12 of the last 16 | :24:19. | :24:24. | |
awards have not been subject to open competition. Competition sounds good | :24:25. | :24:29. | |
but would it be like the buses, where there are lots of companies | :24:30. | :24:33. | |
that want to run the profitable routes but nobody wants to run the | :24:34. | :24:36. | |
other routes? So where is the public interest in all of this? There is | :24:37. | :24:40. | |
already some competition in the system. This train is about to leave | :24:41. | :24:44. | |
for Birmingham out of London Marylebone. The operating company | :24:45. | :24:47. | |
that runs it is in direct competition on that route for | :24:48. | :24:51. | |
passengers and their business with companies that run out of Euston. | :24:52. | :24:57. | |
Passengers heading to Birmingham might prefer the free Wi-Fi here, or | :24:58. | :25:03. | |
one of the other companies out of Euston. One promising faster journey | :25:04. | :25:07. | |
times and the other cheaper fares. If you look at the routes that we | :25:08. | :25:11. | |
serve, London to Birmingham is one of the fastest-growing rail markets | :25:12. | :25:15. | |
in the country. There are eight trains every hour between London and | :25:16. | :25:20. | |
Birmingham, competing on price, quality and speed. Passengers get | :25:21. | :25:24. | |
great results from that. But critics say it is far easier to get train | :25:25. | :25:28. | |
companies competing when there are lots of passengers to play for. On | :25:29. | :25:32. | |
less popular routes, even one company may struggle to break even. | :25:33. | :25:37. | |
The loss of competition sounds great and it could work. -- lots of | :25:38. | :25:41. | |
competition. But we have to delve deeper. Webb is the public interest? | :25:42. | :25:45. | |
Who will run the services that do not make a profit and who will | :25:46. | :25:49. | |
allocate the use of an already congested line? Which trains get | :25:50. | :25:54. | |
permission to run? Last year we opened the first new rail route for | :25:55. | :25:59. | |
100 years. That was designed to directly compete with the government | :26:00. | :26:03. | |
train company. Oxford is not the biggest city in Britain but there is | :26:04. | :26:10. | |
enough competition to make it work. For the railways, the move ahead is | :26:11. | :26:16. | |
unclear. The report on Network Rail is expected imminently. Network Rail | :26:17. | :26:20. | |
is the state owned company which manages and maintains our | :26:21. | :26:22. | |
infrastructure. There has been spec elation that the report will | :26:23. | :26:26. | |
recommend it should be broken up and we privatised. Meanwhile, the Labour | :26:27. | :26:30. | |
Party's policy is for the entire system to be renationalised. There | :26:31. | :26:34. | |
is certainly no shortage of edition between ideas. -- no shortage of | :26:35. | :26:39. | |
competition. The billionaire who makes | :26:40. | :26:40. | |
Donald Trump look hard up - Michael Bloomberg - | :26:41. | :26:44. | |
ruled himself out of This as Trump and Clinton lead | :26:45. | :26:46. | |
the polls going into the next round of American primary races | :26:47. | :26:50. | |
in Michigan and Mississippi. Donald Trump's mother, | :26:51. | :26:52. | |
as he was happy to tell anyone Scottish when he was trying | :26:53. | :26:55. | |
to build his Aberdeen golf course, comes from a simple crofter's | :26:56. | :26:57. | |
cottage in the Outer Hebrides. Trump's cousins still live | :26:58. | :27:00. | |
there and the billionaire himself in Trump 1 to get in | :27:01. | :27:03. | |
touch with his roots. A sentimental journey | :27:04. | :27:09. | |
lasting almost three hours. Whilst so many of us have thrown | :27:10. | :27:10. | |
ourselves around America on the desperate trail of the US | :27:11. | :27:13. | |
presidential hopeful, one man, a little bit | :27:14. | :27:15. | |
older, a little bit wiser, believed he could find out | :27:16. | :27:17. | |
more from staying closer to home. That man, none other | :27:18. | :27:21. | |
than my colleague, Stephen Smith, headed to the wind-lashed island | :27:22. | :27:23. | |
of Lewis to find out things about Donald Trump that America can | :27:24. | :27:25. | |
only dream of. A windblown, God-fearing island, | :27:26. | :27:42. | |
rich in peat and Gaelic heritage No wonder Donald Trump likes | :27:43. | :27:44. | |
to boast of his links to Lewis. Did it help to make him | :27:45. | :27:51. | |
the man he is today? And how have the values | :27:52. | :27:57. | |
of these hard-working, plain-speaking | :27:58. | :27:59. | |
folks shaped the They are not for blowing | :28:00. | :28:00. | |
their own trumpets here. They are not ones for | :28:01. | :28:06. | |
fanfaring themselves. No matter what your position | :28:07. | :28:09. | |
in life, you are treated There are brilliant people, | :28:10. | :28:15. | |
very warm-hearted people. We are very proud of people | :28:16. | :28:25. | |
who make such a great impact And I mean the hairdo, | :28:26. | :28:30. | |
let's be honest, it could be I am on a whistle-stop tour | :28:31. | :28:37. | |
of the island in search of answers Donald's mother, Mary MacLeod, | :28:38. | :28:47. | |
came from the tiny She left for New York | :28:48. | :28:57. | |
when she was 18 and ran into a builder called | :28:58. | :29:02. | |
Trump, and the rest, The Trumps told US | :29:03. | :29:04. | |
TV viewers they saw # If you go, will you send back | :29:05. | :29:11. | |
a letter from America... The tycoon visited | :29:12. | :29:32. | |
his mother's old home in 2008, spending as much | :29:33. | :29:36. | |
as a minute and a half inside the pebble-dashed | :29:37. | :29:39. | |
croft house. All in all he clocked up almost | :29:40. | :29:41. | |
three hours on the peaty Lewis It seems the women come back | :29:42. | :29:49. | |
and the men go out and try I have been busy building | :29:50. | :29:55. | |
jobs all over the world, and it is tough to find | :29:56. | :30:08. | |
the time to come back but this seemed an appropriate time | :30:09. | :30:11. | |
because I had the plane, Trump's cousins still | :30:12. | :30:13. | |
live in Tong, but they The Western Isles, including Lewis, | :30:14. | :30:17. | |
rejected the Yes campaign in the Scottish | :30:18. | :30:26. | |
independence referendum. And Trump has had his ups and downs | :30:27. | :30:31. | |
with the nationalists over his golf course, a solid two-iron | :30:32. | :30:35. | |
away on the mainland. # I don't mind the politicians, | :30:36. | :30:42. | |
I don't mind the rain... Putting the folk into focus group, | :30:43. | :30:49. | |
this bunch in Stornoway were among the few willing to share | :30:50. | :30:52. | |
their thoughts about Mr Trump. Do you know anyone who says, | :30:53. | :31:01. | |
don't quote me, but I am dead I've not heard it, I've never | :31:02. | :31:04. | |
heard his name mentioned. I think he doesn't | :31:05. | :31:08. | |
behave as people up here He is extremely full of himself, | :31:09. | :31:15. | |
which people here aren't. Do you know about | :31:16. | :31:21. | |
the family, what are The stereotype is all Lewis | :31:22. | :31:26. | |
stories are gloomy. The definition of a happy ending | :31:27. | :31:45. | |
of a Lewis story is if you get There is another seam | :31:46. | :31:48. | |
of Lewis stories - the clever peasant girl | :31:49. | :32:03. | |
who gets one over the laird. Isn't the story of Mary MacLeod | :32:04. | :32:06. | |
a brilliant real-life Lewis Here she is, a girl | :32:07. | :32:11. | |
from the country, who goes away to New York, and her son could be | :32:12. | :32:15. | |
president of the United States, that is going to be | :32:16. | :32:18. | |
part of Lewis folklore. You are the first | :32:19. | :32:23. | |
person who says so! In Lewis, our main | :32:24. | :32:28. | |
passion is blood sport. I know it is not fashionable | :32:29. | :32:34. | |
in the rest of Britain, but we like blood sport | :32:35. | :32:42. | |
but our blood sport is genealogy - The qualities I would | :32:43. | :32:45. | |
hope he would take from these islands is | :32:46. | :32:53. | |
the qualities of kindness. Being accepting of others, | :32:54. | :32:56. | |
regardless of religious beliefs, regardless | :32:57. | :32:57. | |
of what country they are from. Donald Trump is a chip | :32:58. | :33:09. | |
off the old block. He can trace his ancestry | :33:10. | :33:11. | |
to these ancient He is from Lewis, up | :33:12. | :33:13. | |
to a point, but it would be stretching things to | :33:14. | :33:19. | |
say he is of Lewis. But just as we were leaving, | :33:20. | :33:24. | |
a sign - a pot of gold attended What does the price of lobster tell | :33:25. | :33:27. | |
you about the state of the economy? It's the kind of question regular | :33:28. | :33:39. | |
viewers of Newsnight wont be And its prompted by the the arrival | :33:40. | :33:42. | |
of the ?2.99 lobster Lobster, although blue-blooded | :33:43. | :33:47. | |
itself, was not always the preserve Until the mid-19th century, | :33:48. | :33:51. | |
it was known as a food Even servants would stipulate | :33:52. | :33:55. | |
a contractual refusal to eat it more So how did it rise - | :33:56. | :33:59. | |
and what is helping it now fall - Joining me is food | :34:00. | :34:04. | |
historian Dr Polly Russell. And Adam Leyland, editor | :34:05. | :34:12. | |
of The Grocer website. And our lobster is centre stage. | :34:13. | :34:26. | |
This is a great thing, isn't it, to have a lobster that costs ?2 99? It | :34:27. | :34:33. | |
is certainly great that food is made available to large numbers of | :34:34. | :34:37. | |
people, especially food that has been the preserve of the wealthy. | :34:38. | :34:43. | |
That is exciting, it is good news, but not a wholly good news story | :34:44. | :34:48. | |
because part of the reason the cost of the lobster is so inexpensive is | :34:49. | :34:52. | |
because there has been a rise in the amount of lobster in the North | :34:53. | :34:58. | |
American area, and that is a result of climate change, which has meant | :34:59. | :35:01. | |
they are breeding more rapidly because the temperature of the Seas | :35:02. | :35:07. | |
is rising and also because we have decimated cod stocks and that is | :35:08. | :35:10. | |
their natural predator and they are no longer eating them. Something | :35:11. | :35:16. | |
good about it, but not wholly good. The cod and lobster have swapped | :35:17. | :35:20. | |
over because cod was always readily available and cheap. Cod stocks are | :35:21. | :35:29. | |
at risk, although being managed in different oceans, but there was a | :35:30. | :35:35. | |
time when cod and lobster, particularly on the coast, were | :35:36. | :35:37. | |
flourishing and were cheap and that has changed. Should it put people | :35:38. | :35:43. | |
off, anyone reaching for a cheap lobster, do you have to say, I am | :35:44. | :35:48. | |
devastating the world when you do this? I don't think you do because | :35:49. | :35:51. | |
lobster has always been freely available. Huge volumes over there. | :35:52. | :36:00. | |
Stop is at the highest level for 100 years. That therefore serves 100 | :36:01. | :36:04. | |
years ago, before global warming had been mentioned as a concept, there | :36:05. | :36:10. | |
was a huge amount of lobster available. It used to stack up six | :36:11. | :36:14. | |
feet high on the seashore. It used to be fed to chickens and pigs and | :36:15. | :36:19. | |
so one. The marketing people took over with lobster and turned it into | :36:20. | :36:26. | |
a luxury, but it never was a luxury, particularly in the Northwest | :36:27. | :36:29. | |
Atlantic, it was saved freely available. It is about the | :36:30. | :36:34. | |
democratisation of the product. ?2 99 is a low price that this | :36:35. | :36:39. | |
particular discounter has made available for a limited period for | :36:40. | :36:44. | |
vouchers people have received. You cannot walk in there, a restaurant | :36:45. | :36:49. | |
cannot go in and buy it and serve it in their restaurant. Would you say | :36:50. | :36:52. | |
it changes the way we think about lobster? I call it the new spaghetti | :36:53. | :36:59. | |
Bolognese, perhaps that is overdoing it, but perhaps it changes the | :37:00. | :37:06. | |
perception of lobster. There have been products that were very | :37:07. | :37:09. | |
expensive and have become cheap. One last point, this is a Marine | :37:10. | :37:17. | |
stewardship Council certified lobster. Therefore it is not the | :37:18. | :37:21. | |
case we are raping the Seas, it has been carefully monitored. The | :37:22. | :37:29. | |
artificiality was the rising of the price. | :37:30. | :37:35. | |
There are two points. They might be sustainably fished, I am not | :37:36. | :37:38. | |
bringing up that is an issue, but there is a broader story, about | :37:39. | :37:44. | |
rising sea temperatures, and about climate change, in which the food | :37:45. | :37:51. | |
industry play some part. I'm not saying these in particular. The | :37:52. | :37:55. | |
climate change argument that makes people stop in their tracks, but a | :37:56. | :37:59. | |
lot of foodstuffs have changed hands, whether it is the oyster... | :38:00. | :38:06. | |
What is significant is where you have seen significant shifts in the | :38:07. | :38:11. | |
consumption of food, say chicken, where it was very expensive in much | :38:12. | :38:16. | |
of the 20th century, until the 50s, and you see the rise of intensive | :38:17. | :38:20. | |
farming and refrigeration and the cost is driven down and it is | :38:21. | :38:26. | |
cheaper, the same with pineapples. 18th century, expensive, by the late | :38:27. | :38:30. | |
19th century they are farmed and coming over and they are cheaper. | :38:31. | :38:36. | |
These changes are driven through, changes in farming, production | :38:37. | :38:39. | |
techniques and transport. What we are seeing here is different. | :38:40. | :38:44. | |
Something that has changed because of climate change. Not something we | :38:45. | :38:49. | |
are controlling. So this comes from a slightly less comfortable | :38:50. | :38:54. | |
perspective? The climate is changing and that is worrying. The fishing | :38:55. | :39:01. | |
industry, if the sea is changing, is not because of the fisheries. If it | :39:02. | :39:06. | |
is getting warmer it is because it is getting warm. Arguably there is | :39:07. | :39:13. | |
all sorts of foodstuffs that will be affected by climate change. In this | :39:14. | :39:18. | |
case, it is not the case it is only there, this printer., it is not only | :39:19. | :39:26. | |
there because of global warming. -- this stock. This is the case it is | :39:27. | :39:33. | |
plentiful, but in five years it could potentially not be the case. | :39:34. | :39:34. | |
Thanks. That is it tonight. For those who feel that life has | :39:35. | :39:39. | |
become cluttered by very simple things made too complicated, | :39:40. | :39:42. | |
we leave you with this, Swedish musician Martin Molin - | :39:43. | :39:44. | |
who's built a Rube Goldberg machine - defined as a contraption, | :39:45. | :39:48. | |
invention, device or apparatus that is deliberately over-engineered | :39:49. | :39:50. | |
to perform a simple task This Marble Machine | :39:51. | :39:52. | |
definitely qualifies. The weather looks like settling down | :39:53. | :40:59. | |
but we have got to get there and it is not a pretty picture. Tomorrow a | :41:00. | :41:06. | |
lot of brain around. Strong winds. Unpleasant in England and Wales. In | :41:07. | :41:10. | |
Northern Ireland, it will be bright and dry and a nice afternoon to come | :41:11. | :41:15. | |
here. In Scotland, brighter conditions easing in from the west. | :41:16. | :41:20. | |
Rain towards the eastern coast. Rain for much of the day across the heart | :41:21. | :41:25. | |
of Central and eastern England and it will feel cold and bleak. A cold | :41:26. | :41:31. | |
northerly wind. Some drier spells at times. Not to be relied upon and | :41:32. | :41:36. | |
further wet weather across southern and eastern areas of England. In the | :41:37. | :41:41. | |
south-west, after a wet and windy start, things should brighten up and | :41:42. | :41:45. | |
dry up. The wind will slowly die down but | :41:46. | :41:47. |