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It's 7am Friday 24th of June and the people of Britain have voted to | :00:15. | :00:19. | |
leave the European Union in an historic move that has stunned the | :00:20. | :00:24. | |
rest of the continent. They have decided that it is time to vote to | :00:25. | :00:30. | |
take back control. This is a dreadful day. It's one of the worst | :00:31. | :00:34. | |
days of my life to find my country leaving. What swayed it for you? I | :00:35. | :00:41. | |
don't know. I suddenly had a real, "Come on England." We are part of | :00:42. | :00:46. | |
Europe, continuing to interact with the peoples of other countries. Look | :00:47. | :00:50. | |
at my hand, we work for this country. You see it, yeah? In a way | :00:51. | :00:55. | |
that is open and friendly and outward looking. 3% is not a | :00:56. | :00:58. | |
majority. Let's do this again. One more time! The most precious thing | :00:59. | :01:05. | |
this country has given our continent is the idea of Parliamentary | :01:06. | :01:08. | |
democracy. I do not think it would be right for me to try to be the | :01:09. | :01:11. | |
captain that steers our country to its next destination. Shame on you | :01:12. | :01:19. | |
Boris! The young people in this country can look forward to a more | :01:20. | :01:24. | |
secure and more prosperous future. We couldn't have voted better, a lot | :01:25. | :01:29. | |
time country. At least we get our country back. You want to take your | :01:30. | :01:34. | |
troops from JP Morgan to the Paris, have a lovely holiday, because I'll | :01:35. | :01:37. | |
give you a clue guys, you'll be back. Vote for hope. You can't vote | :01:38. | :01:46. | |
for hope. There's no hope nowadays. We believe in a union not just | :01:47. | :01:53. | |
between the nations of the UK but between all of our citizens, every | :01:54. | :01:57. | |
one of us, whoever we are, and wherever we're from. | :01:58. | :02:11. | |
Hello. It's exactly a month since referendum day June 23, the day | :02:12. | :02:19. | |
everything changed. There's been so much to take in. On Newsnight we've | :02:20. | :02:24. | |
barely had time to cover it all. Today we're taking stock. We're at | :02:25. | :02:27. | |
the Royal Geographical Society in London live. We've teamed up with | :02:28. | :02:34. | |
the country's top brains and an audience of about 700 foolhardy | :02:35. | :02:39. | |
members of the public on this stiflingly warm evening and we're | :02:40. | :02:41. | |
trying to make sense of what has happened and what's next. | :02:42. | :02:45. | |
The conversation and the debate this afternoon has been both sparky and | :02:46. | :02:51. | |
sparkling. Everything on the future of scientific research, in a Brexit | :02:52. | :02:55. | |
world and what will happen to laws, such as the European arrest warrant | :02:56. | :03:00. | |
and cyber security. Now that Theresa May has raise today, the possible | :03:01. | :03:06. | |
issues of EU nationals already in UK remaining, and UK nationals in | :03:07. | :03:09. | |
Europe. We've been asking people for their hopes and fears. | :03:10. | :03:32. | |
MUSIC ... WILL CARRY US THROUGH TO better | :03:33. | :04:00. | |
times. Most people voted because they wanted to take back control | :04:01. | :04:04. | |
from the European Union and let our country govern itself again. That | :04:05. | :04:07. | |
offers a world of opportunity both in terms of our social policy, in | :04:08. | :04:11. | |
terms of our economic policy too. For me, my hopes and fears are | :04:12. | :04:17. | |
centred on my education. I was really looking to study languages in | :04:18. | :04:29. | |
perhaps France or Spain. I fear about, there will be less interest | :04:30. | :04:33. | |
in environmental concerns. I think my hopes for Brexit are that we | :04:34. | :04:38. | |
leave the EU as safe as we can, with minimal damage. There's been a lot | :04:39. | :04:47. | |
of talking all day here. Before we look ahead, we want to spend a few | :04:48. | :04:51. | |
minutes looking back at the referendum campaign itself. It was | :04:52. | :04:55. | |
easily one of the most memorable contests of our lifetime, a | :04:56. | :04:59. | |
surprisingly devicive and fraught affair. Both sides accused the other | :05:00. | :05:04. | |
of lying or exaggerating. Even though the public by all accounts | :05:05. | :05:07. | |
were sceptical of the claims made, they were engaged. I remember | :05:08. | :05:10. | |
someone involved on one side saying the turnout would be low, lucky if | :05:11. | :05:15. | |
it reached 60%. In the event it was over 70. At the end of it, one side | :05:16. | :05:20. | |
won, the other lost. Now it's important to know how and why Leave | :05:21. | :05:26. | |
did win in order to interpret the message the public were sending. Our | :05:27. | :05:29. | |
political editor has been talking to those at the heart of the campaigns | :05:30. | :05:33. | |
and has this, the inside story of why Leave prevailed. | :05:34. | :05:42. | |
If Boris Johnson looked surprised and a little shaken, hours after | :05:43. | :05:48. | |
vote leave's historic victory, that's because he was. Newsnight | :05:49. | :05:52. | |
understands that as voters went to the polls, Boris thought that his | :05:53. | :05:55. | |
campaign was probably headed for defeat. He had even drafted a series | :05:56. | :06:00. | |
of remarks in response to an expected narrow loss in the | :06:01. | :06:04. | |
referendum. So how did the Prime Minister end up on the losing side? | :06:05. | :06:13. | |
When David Cameron took a gamble by calling the referendum, Boris | :06:14. | :06:16. | |
Johnson had some sympathy for his view that it would be third time | :06:17. | :06:20. | |
lucky for the Prime Minister. He had won the Scottish and the general | :06:21. | :06:25. | |
election. Behind-the-scenes, though, on the Remain side, there was never | :06:26. | :06:30. | |
any complacency. Alarm bells started to ring for some shortly after the | :06:31. | :06:34. | |
general election last year, when the leaders of the main pro-EU group | :06:35. | :06:38. | |
were asked at a board meeting at this building here to name their ten | :06:39. | :06:43. | |
favourite things about the EU. There was silence around the table. For | :06:44. | :06:48. | |
the true believers, the benefits of the EU were simply beyond | :06:49. | :06:54. | |
description. Back in 2015, in April, we got our first research from the | :06:55. | :06:59. | |
populist, the pollsters throughout the campaign. It showed that people | :07:00. | :07:03. | |
knew all the negative arguments about the EU and couldn't name a | :07:04. | :07:06. | |
single positive about what the EU meant. The Remain camp soon found | :07:07. | :07:14. | |
they had to contend with a simple, but highly effective message from | :07:15. | :07:20. | |
their opponents. The genius moment came in August of last year, we were | :07:21. | :07:26. | |
in the office at Westminster tower over there, half of the office was a | :07:27. | :07:31. | |
building site at that point, the other half was working on trestle | :07:32. | :07:36. | |
tables and Dominic had the moment. He said, the message has to be - | :07:37. | :07:42. | |
vote leave, take control. That developed into vote leave, take back | :07:43. | :07:45. | |
control. We knew it was a message that would cut through. David | :07:46. | :07:50. | |
Cameron had been confident that the Tories' star player would be on his | :07:51. | :07:53. | |
side. But Boris Johnson alerted the Prime Minister of his plan to join | :07:54. | :07:58. | |
the Leave campaign shortly before his formal announcement Had it just | :07:59. | :08:02. | |
been me, we would have lost. It's simple. You have to have different | :08:03. | :08:08. | |
messengers. There's little doubt that the Boris voice, the Michael | :08:09. | :08:12. | |
Gove voice probably was very useful in parts of Surrey and places, | :08:13. | :08:16. | |
really in places like that, where perhaps naturally, Remain might have | :08:17. | :08:20. | |
had a bigger vote and where I wouldn't necessarily have appealed | :08:21. | :08:24. | |
to those people. Boris has extraordinary ability to attract | :08:25. | :08:28. | |
crowds, in a way which you wouldn't dare to stage manage. The first time | :08:29. | :08:36. | |
out and we were given two ice creams. This woman goes up to Boris | :08:37. | :08:40. | |
and says, oh, can I eat your ice-cream, please. There you go, | :08:41. | :08:44. | |
it's delicious. While the Leave campaign had a showbiz feel, the | :08:45. | :08:48. | |
Government had the international big guns. Barack Obama used a visit to | :08:49. | :08:54. | |
London to warn that the UK would, in a distinctly un-American phrase, be | :08:55. | :08:57. | |
at the back of the queue in securing a trade deal outside the EU. Shortly | :08:58. | :09:03. | |
after the Obama visit, the Leave campaigners gathered in Boris | :09:04. | :09:06. | |
Johnson's Westminster office to assess the state of play, over a | :09:07. | :09:13. | |
Chinese takeaway. We came under barrage, after barrage of artillery | :09:14. | :09:17. | |
fire from the IMF, from the OECD, from the Bank of England, Obama came | :09:18. | :09:22. | |
over late April. I remember having dinner with, I think, Boris, | :09:23. | :09:28. | |
Michael, Andrea and Priti and we had a discussion on what would happen. I | :09:29. | :09:32. | |
said I thought we would win because they'd fired all this stuff at us | :09:33. | :09:36. | |
and we were neck and neck. The Remain campaign thought they were on | :09:37. | :09:40. | |
strong ground, as they highlighted their opponents' claim about how | :09:41. | :09:45. | |
much money the UK sends to the EU. The ?350 million figure was | :09:46. | :09:49. | |
devastatingly effective. The last thing that we wanted to do was get | :09:50. | :09:54. | |
into an argument on television with the Leave campaign about whether the | :09:55. | :09:58. | |
real figure was 350 million or 170 million or 210 million because all | :09:59. | :10:02. | |
those numbers sound huge. The challenge was to find a number that | :10:03. | :10:06. | |
trumped it, as a number that captured the benefits of being in | :10:07. | :10:09. | |
for our economy and for people and therefore the risks of leaving. We | :10:10. | :10:14. | |
failed to do that. Every time they kept quibbling with us about it, we | :10:15. | :10:18. | |
made the positive case for control over our borders, control over our | :10:19. | :10:21. | |
money. It gave us another 24 hours talking about an issue that people | :10:22. | :10:25. | |
cared about and where we were on the right side of the debate. You're not | :10:26. | :10:28. | |
going to give that up. Nerves soon developed in the Remain campaign | :10:29. | :10:32. | |
over a Government claim about the economic impact of Brexit on the | :10:33. | :10:38. | |
average household. The problem with that figure, the ?4,300 figure, | :10:39. | :10:43. | |
firstly, it sounded implauzibly large to the ears of most people. | :10:44. | :10:47. | |
Secondly, it sounded strangely specific. The figure was phased out. | :10:48. | :10:53. | |
When we tested the reaction, people just rejected it. They didn't | :10:54. | :10:59. | |
believe. It The Remain camp also became aware that its core message | :11:00. | :11:03. | |
about the wider being nomic risks of exit meant nothing in deprived | :11:04. | :11:07. | |
areas, where concerns about immigration were to the fore. The | :11:08. | :11:10. | |
people who were very, very concerned about immigration, what they wanted | :11:11. | :11:15. | |
was purely and simply for the UK to be able to have total control of its | :11:16. | :11:20. | |
borders and total control of the flow of people into this country. We | :11:21. | :11:25. | |
didn't have an argument that could remotely compete with that. We | :11:26. | :11:28. | |
couldn't really engage in the campaign on that vital issue. We | :11:29. | :11:33. | |
didn't have much option but to keep pivot back to the economic risks. | :11:34. | :11:39. | |
With a month to go until polling day, the Remain campaign lost its | :11:40. | :11:43. | |
momentum when the Government machinery was obliged to grind to a | :11:44. | :11:47. | |
halt. This coincided with the release of official figures, which | :11:48. | :11:51. | |
showed that the Government had once again bust its net migration target. | :11:52. | :11:56. | |
Vote Leave had days of dream headlines. With the polls turning in | :11:57. | :12:01. | |
vote Leave's favour, I understand in mid-June a nervous David Cameron | :12:02. | :12:06. | |
discussed with aides in Number Ten a last throw of the dice to rescue his | :12:07. | :12:12. | |
campaign by reaching out to disgruntled voters on EU migration. | :12:13. | :12:19. | |
The Prime Minister telephoned the German Chancellor, Angela Merkel, as | :12:20. | :12:22. | |
a first step towards persuading other EU leaders to issue a joint | :12:23. | :12:27. | |
statement. This would have said that a vote to remain in the EU would | :12:28. | :12:32. | |
finally trigger concessions on the highly controversial issue of free | :12:33. | :12:36. | |
movement of people. Nothing came of the idea. Merkel was later to tell | :12:37. | :12:42. | |
David Cameron there could be no compromise on free movement, while | :12:43. | :12:46. | |
Number Ten concluded that such a dramatic move would be portrayed by | :12:47. | :12:49. | |
the Leave side as a sign of weakness. But a week before polling | :12:50. | :12:55. | |
day, the campaign came to an unexpected halt, when news came | :12:56. | :12:59. | |
through of the murder of the Labour MP, Jo Cox, hours after Ukip had | :13:00. | :13:03. | |
unveiled a highly controversial poster. I don't think that poster | :13:04. | :13:07. | |
would have been a big news event over that weekend, had it not been | :13:08. | :13:10. | |
for the timing of it and the circumstances of that death. After | :13:11. | :13:14. | |
all, that particular picture was all over the front pages of our | :13:15. | :13:18. | |
newspapers last year. I'm very sorry for the timing of the poster. I'm | :13:19. | :13:21. | |
sorry for the way in which it was used. I'm not sorry for showing the | :13:22. | :13:27. | |
truth. But perhaps unwittingly, it did, in the end, get the debate | :13:28. | :13:31. | |
back, for the last few days, onto the one thing that people out there | :13:32. | :13:37. | |
really, really care about. The official vote Leave campaign were | :13:38. | :13:41. | |
appalled by the poster. I was actually in the middle of a debate | :13:42. | :13:46. | |
at York University when all a sudden, I was getting text messages | :13:47. | :13:52. | |
through on my phone about Joe Cox's murder. When I got the news through | :13:53. | :14:00. | |
that he shouted "Britain first" I thought it could be the end of the | :14:01. | :14:05. | |
campaign. The mixture of Joe Cox's death plus the unveiling of the very | :14:06. | :14:10. | |
controversial Ukip poster - breaking point - I thought could tip us over | :14:11. | :14:15. | |
the edge. The two sides briefly suspended their campaigns, after the | :14:16. | :14:19. | |
death of Jo Cox. But hostilities resumed in time for the final | :14:20. | :14:22. | |
television show down days before the vote. | :14:23. | :14:27. | |
For me, it was really clear during the preparation sessions for the TV | :14:28. | :14:33. | |
debates, I was playing the role of Andrea Leadsom. What was clear they | :14:34. | :14:37. | |
had one simple phrase and they just kept repeating it and it allowed | :14:38. | :14:42. | |
them to have an answer to anybody's concerns over anything, whether you | :14:43. | :14:45. | |
fear for your job, whether you don't like the Government, whether you | :14:46. | :14:50. | |
have concerns over pressures on public services, vote leave, take | :14:51. | :14:51. | |
back control. Really simple. The Remain side also believed that | :14:52. | :15:04. | |
Jeremy Corbyn's less than enthusiastic support undermined | :15:05. | :15:09. | |
their campaign. It was a nightmare to have less than enthusiastic | :15:10. | :15:11. | |
support from the leader of the Labour Party. The Labour Party made | :15:12. | :15:17. | |
up the bulk of the correct voters. It was absolutely crucial to get our | :15:18. | :15:21. | |
message to them. What we were frustrated by was how hard it was to | :15:22. | :15:24. | |
engage with Jeremy Corbyn's office, how difficult it was to get | :15:25. | :15:33. | |
meetings. The Leave side triumphed after David Cameron lost his gamble. | :15:34. | :15:38. | |
In the end, the desire to win back control over relegation trumped | :15:39. | :15:43. | |
fears over economic uncertainty and unnerved Boris Johnson to say that | :15:44. | :15:48. | |
the UK might be leaving the EU didn't it would always embrace | :15:49. | :15:50. | |
Europe. Well, I dare say, huge tracts will | :15:51. | :16:02. | |
be, and on that campaign. Here with us now, the former Deputy Prime | :16:03. | :16:04. | |
Minister Nick Clegg, Labour MP Stella Creasy and Conservative and | :16:05. | :16:13. | |
Leave campaigner... I just wonder whether you think the immigration | :16:14. | :16:19. | |
issue in the end was what won it? I think it was a mixture of things. | :16:20. | :16:24. | |
Certainly I experienced this in Sheffield and South Yorkshire, where | :16:25. | :16:28. | |
I was campaigning - a lot of people who were asked, do you like the | :16:29. | :16:32. | |
status quo? I said, I don't. There was a lot of issues, immigration, | :16:33. | :16:37. | |
poor housing, social care for elderly relatives. It was a simple, | :16:38. | :16:41. | |
do you like the way things are? And a lot of people said no. That and | :16:42. | :16:46. | |
many other reasons lie behind the big vote to leave. Should they not | :16:47. | :16:54. | |
have thought what the answer, had a line, which might work? My own view | :16:55. | :17:00. | |
is, some declaration which the Brexit camp would have been able to | :17:01. | :17:05. | |
shoot holes in within minutes, from the European leaders, press-ganged | :17:06. | :17:07. | |
at the last minute, would not have worked. My own view was that the | :17:08. | :17:12. | |
Remain camp should have been much, much more aggressive at challenging | :17:13. | :17:16. | |
the Brexit campaign about what on earth they mean. Because the | :17:17. | :17:22. | |
immigration story went unchallenged. Just this week we have had the Prime | :17:23. | :17:26. | |
Minister of Ireland saying very clearly, there will not be hard | :17:27. | :17:31. | |
controls on our border with the EU. So how on earth are we supposed to | :17:32. | :17:35. | |
take back control if we are not going to reintroduce controls at the | :17:36. | :17:38. | |
new border with the EU? All of that was left unchallenged because Remain | :17:39. | :17:44. | |
camp did not want to take on the issue of immigration. I think they | :17:45. | :17:48. | |
could have done that with more aggression and self confidence than | :17:49. | :17:51. | |
they did. What did you think of Jeremy Corbyn's role, was he part of | :17:52. | :17:58. | |
the reason why Remain did not win? I have to say on that, on a personal | :17:59. | :18:05. | |
level, it hurts. It hurts to see that actually something we decided | :18:06. | :18:09. | |
as a political movement, something we felt strongly enough for it to be | :18:10. | :18:12. | |
official policy, not getting the backing of the leader. That does not | :18:13. | :18:17. | |
mean that Jeremy personally could have got every single Labour voter | :18:18. | :18:20. | |
to vote Remain. We have to recognise that lots of people who normally | :18:21. | :18:24. | |
vote Labour did vote to leave. But it is about the contract that you | :18:25. | :18:28. | |
make as a political movement. Once you agree something as party policy, | :18:29. | :18:32. | |
you put your heart and soul into it. I went around the country, many | :18:33. | :18:36. | |
others worked very hard to try to get a Remain vote, to try to counter | :18:37. | :18:40. | |
some of those arguments, to recognise that we have a country | :18:41. | :18:44. | |
which is so very divided now reading how we were going to take it | :18:45. | :18:48. | |
forward. And it felt like Jeremy pulled himself out of that process. | :18:49. | :18:52. | |
And on a personal level, that hurt. Something so fundamental, not forget | :18:53. | :18:56. | |
that heart and soul from your leader is devastating. Let's not talk too | :18:57. | :19:00. | |
much about the campaign. Let's talk about what the voters were saying. | :19:01. | :19:05. | |
Nick, you gave an account, it was a vote against the status quo. | :19:06. | :19:08. | |
Stellar, I think you're saying almost the same thing. As a Leaver, | :19:09. | :19:17. | |
what do you think the voters were saying, was it a bigger protest of | :19:18. | :19:21. | |
some kind? I think what nick said is true. There is a lot of truth in | :19:22. | :19:25. | |
saying that there were a number of issues, not just one reason. But we | :19:26. | :19:31. | |
cannot gloss over the fact that the whole issue of EU membership was | :19:32. | :19:36. | |
exactly what it said it was. People knew they were going to have to | :19:37. | :19:40. | |
vote, that if we voted to stay in, we would not revisit this question | :19:41. | :19:44. | |
for 25 years. They felt it was a once-in-a-lifetime vote. I felt they | :19:45. | :19:48. | |
were very clear eyed about whether they wanted to stay in, certainly in | :19:49. | :19:53. | |
my constituency, which voted 60-40 out. They made a rational choice, | :19:54. | :19:57. | |
and they said, we want to leave. We want out. What do you read into | :19:58. | :20:03. | |
that? Was it immigration? Was it, take back control and what you might | :20:04. | :20:08. | |
call sovereignty, that sense of empowerment you might get by being | :20:09. | :20:11. | |
able to kick out your politicians? The two biggest issues were clearly | :20:12. | :20:16. | |
immigration, and also this broader, more abstract sense of sovereignty. | :20:17. | :20:20. | |
We can have a philosophical argument about what sovereignty is. But | :20:21. | :20:25. | |
certainly in my constituency, people felt that by leaving the EU, they | :20:26. | :20:29. | |
were leaving some sense of... What were the figures? I have seen some | :20:30. | :20:36. | |
polling data. I suspect that about 70% were one of those two issues. | :20:37. | :20:41. | |
Those were by far the biggest issues. Do you agree with that, that | :20:42. | :20:47. | |
those two issues Blade Babe part 18 or do you think you cannot reduce it | :20:48. | :20:51. | |
to anyone of them? I will tell you what I do think it emerged during | :20:52. | :20:54. | |
the course of the campaign. As your film suggested, the emotional appeal | :20:55. | :21:01. | |
of the Brexit campaign was strong. I heard it myself, people saying, I'm | :21:02. | :21:08. | |
going to take a control, vote no. It was a wonderfully pithy, emotive | :21:09. | :21:12. | |
appeal. Generally I have discovered in politics, people vote with their | :21:13. | :21:16. | |
heads. The barrage of statistics from the Treasury, saying that in 30 | :21:17. | :21:21. | |
years' time your household finances may be worth of this or that, just | :21:22. | :21:26. | |
could not compete. I have to say, I felt a very pivotal moment was when | :21:27. | :21:31. | |
George Osborne, I think in a spectacularly misjudged initiative, | :21:32. | :21:33. | |
basically announced about a week or so before the referendum, that if | :21:34. | :21:37. | |
people did not do what he told them to do, he would whack up their taxes | :21:38. | :21:42. | |
or cut their public services. I almost felt like voting out at that | :21:43. | :21:47. | |
point X Commission think the appeal to people is hearts was much | :21:48. | :21:52. | |
stronger. It is easy for me to say this, but I sometimes wish a bit of | :21:53. | :21:55. | |
poetry could have been mixed in with the pros of the Remain campaign. It | :21:56. | :22:01. | |
is interesting to see whether the public thought this was a vote on | :22:02. | :22:06. | |
immigration, stellar. Was it the core issue, or was it sovereignty? | :22:07. | :22:13. | |
And does it matter? I don't think we can get away with this. One of the | :22:14. | :22:20. | |
moments which really broke my heart, in my community, Walthamstow has | :22:21. | :22:23. | |
always been proud of its diversity, and I watched a Somali woman | :22:24. | :22:27. | |
racially abusing a Hungarian woman, shouting at her that her daughter | :22:28. | :22:31. | |
could not get a job so she should go back to the country where she came | :22:32. | :22:35. | |
from. I knew then that the divisive rhetoric of the Leave campaign had | :22:36. | :22:39. | |
ramifications far beyond the vote around Brexit. Absolutely, what they | :22:40. | :22:43. | |
tapped into is a divide in this country between the people who feel | :22:44. | :22:46. | |
they have a place in our future and to know how they are going to make | :22:47. | :22:49. | |
it, and those who don't feel they have a part in our future. That is | :22:50. | :22:53. | |
the challenge for all of us to deal with. That was not the case in my | :22:54. | :23:01. | |
constituency. You are saying more than 50% of people feel they have no | :23:02. | :23:05. | |
stake in the future. I am saying people felt they had nothing left to | :23:06. | :23:10. | |
lose. There is a narrative building up about Labour voters. 58% of Tory | :23:11. | :23:16. | |
voters, not members, voters, in the country, voted out. And that was a | :23:17. | :23:22. | |
huge chunk of the Leave vote. And a lot of these people are not people | :23:23. | :23:27. | |
who feel they have no stake, or have nothing to lose. They are people who | :23:28. | :23:30. | |
made a rational choice about the future of this country. People must | :23:31. | :23:36. | |
think that politics works for them, that is the question. We have got it | :23:37. | :23:40. | |
changes coming up in front of us, and now some really difficult | :23:41. | :23:44. | |
choices, do they feel the political process engages with them or not? | :23:45. | :23:50. | |
That is the challenge for all of us. Actually, in the course of the | :23:51. | :23:53. | |
campaign, I did an event in your father's constituency, and I think | :23:54. | :23:59. | |
he was in the audience. And these were not people, I think it is in | :24:00. | :24:03. | |
Buckinghamshire, where he lives, nick and these were people who | :24:04. | :24:06. | |
overwhelmingly voting to leave the EU. And they were people who had... | :24:07. | :24:14. | |
Not my dad! There is no-one explanation. Always portrayed as | :24:15. | :24:22. | |
people who had no stake. We have had a lot of discussion today. And it is | :24:23. | :24:26. | |
not the case. It is not the whole story. A lot of towns which had | :24:27. | :24:32. | |
great industries and lost them did vote to leave. Let's talk about | :24:33. | :24:34. | |
where we go from here. It appears that where we are is in making a | :24:35. | :24:41. | |
choice between a Brexit light and a hard Brexit. Between staying in the | :24:42. | :24:44. | |
single market or not. Or saying, immigration is what it is all about, | :24:45. | :24:48. | |
you have got to give up on the single market to control | :24:49. | :24:52. | |
immigration. Where are you on that? My fundamental red line is a control | :24:53. | :24:57. | |
on free movement, some concession. I was speaking earlier, when I decided | :24:58. | :25:03. | |
to go for Brexit, I was always euro skip it, I was not like Daniel | :25:04. | :25:06. | |
Hannan or some of the more forceful Eurostat X, for when the Prime | :25:07. | :25:12. | |
Minister, David Cameron, failed to get any concession whatsoever on the | :25:13. | :25:15. | |
freedom of movement, that was the moment I think in February that I | :25:16. | :25:20. | |
decided to Vote Leave. That was fundamental. Stellar, where are you | :25:21. | :25:25. | |
on that trade-off? I think there is a conversation about what we mean by | :25:26. | :25:30. | |
freedom of movement of labour, and how you define the skills and | :25:31. | :25:34. | |
abilities which people bring two countries. But fundamentally, access | :25:35. | :25:37. | |
to the single market is massive to our economy. It is not popular to | :25:38. | :25:43. | |
talk about the City, but that's 30% of our tax receipts. We have got to | :25:44. | :25:47. | |
make some hard-headed choices. Those people we were talking about are | :25:48. | :25:50. | |
people who were left behind well before this happened. The truth | :25:51. | :25:54. | |
about how we get them good skills, good jobs, investment in those | :25:55. | :25:57. | |
communities, has to be at the heart of any decision. So, Brexit light, | :25:58. | :26:04. | |
basically. What about nick, what is your view? Quasi-'s new party leader | :26:05. | :26:10. | |
has said what she wants. She said in Paris and in Berlin, very clearly, | :26:11. | :26:15. | |
she said, the United Kingdom will now seek, and I quote, the closest | :26:16. | :26:19. | |
possible economic relationship with the European Union. The closest | :26:20. | :26:23. | |
possible economic relationship with the European Union, that we have at | :26:24. | :26:28. | |
present. In other words... And you are happy with that? Yes, I am, | :26:29. | :26:34. | |
because at the end of the day, we at talking about people's lives and | :26:35. | :26:37. | |
jobs and ability to pay their bills will stop I think we are talking | :26:38. | :26:41. | |
about something akin to, maybe even better than, what Norway has got. | :26:42. | :26:45. | |
There has been a lot of discussion about the trade-off between the | :26:46. | :26:47. | |
single market and freedom of movement. The thing the Government | :26:48. | :26:50. | |
needs to decide, when they finally put us all out of our misery and | :26:51. | :26:54. | |
tell us what their plan is, they have got to be upfront about this - | :26:55. | :26:58. | |
if you want to have unlimited or extensive access to the single | :26:59. | :27:02. | |
market, can only do so by abiding by the rules and the rulings of the | :27:03. | :27:05. | |
single market. I would call that a loss of sovereignty. But there is no | :27:06. | :27:11. | |
way around that. If you want to trade into the single market, you | :27:12. | :27:14. | |
have to abide by the rules of it. That is something this government | :27:15. | :27:18. | |
will have to come clean with us on at some point. I want to get the | :27:19. | :27:21. | |
views of the audience. They have been with us during the day. It was | :27:22. | :27:26. | |
a first-come, first-served event, not like a usual BBC audience which | :27:27. | :27:29. | |
has been constructed to be in some way balanced. And we know from the | :27:30. | :27:35. | |
rest of the day, it is overwhelmingly Remain, in this west | :27:36. | :27:44. | |
London venue. LAUGHTER. What I wanted to ask the audience, there | :27:45. | :27:47. | |
was a splendid piece by Matthew Parris in the Times newspaper today, | :27:48. | :27:52. | |
talking about Remainer grief, and we have had a fair bit of that in the | :27:53. | :27:56. | |
room today. He was saying, you have to accept the result. What I wanted | :27:57. | :28:00. | |
to ask the audience was, whether you accept the result, is it time to | :28:01. | :28:05. | |
make the best of Brexit, or is it time to fight and see if you can get | :28:06. | :28:09. | |
the referendum reversed? How many of you in the audience would say it is | :28:10. | :28:12. | |
time to accept the result and make the best of Brexit? And how many of | :28:13. | :28:17. | |
you would say, fight and see if you can get the thing reversed? I would | :28:18. | :28:25. | |
say 60-40, in favour of Remain. How many people here actually think they | :28:26. | :28:37. | |
know what Brexit will be?! APPLAUSE. Let me just ask, Stella Creasy, do | :28:38. | :28:40. | |
you think we should have a second referendum, when we know what Brexit | :28:41. | :28:45. | |
means? I think, yes, we have to accept the fact that that is the | :28:46. | :28:49. | |
result. We have to deal with the result, all of us, whether we were | :28:50. | :28:53. | |
for it or against it. But it is the small print and the detail. There | :28:54. | :28:57. | |
are big choices. If we don't have access to the single market, that's | :28:58. | :29:01. | |
30% of our tax receipts. If we're going to change freedom of | :29:02. | :29:06. | |
movement... It is not 30%. The City of London... How do you know? These | :29:07. | :29:12. | |
people now deserve the detail. I want to get a couple of views from | :29:13. | :29:16. | |
the floor. I know we have got a group around a microphone over | :29:17. | :29:20. | |
there. What is your view on the second referendum issue, or some way | :29:21. | :29:25. | |
of getting back? I was one of the more than 4 million people who | :29:26. | :29:28. | |
petitioned for a second referendum. I was hoping that the majority would | :29:29. | :29:33. | |
now accept the importance of staying in the EU, which I think is so vital | :29:34. | :29:36. | |
for the future of Britain, in so many aspects, including my own | :29:37. | :29:40. | |
personal interest in the future of medical research and the British | :29:41. | :29:44. | |
university system where I work. Howard, where are you? I think we | :29:45. | :29:49. | |
know which side you are coming from, from your T-shirt. I am a Democrat | :29:50. | :29:58. | |
so the government is governing with the consent of the population. The | :29:59. | :30:06. | |
referendum gave the population the opportunity to say that they do not | :30:07. | :30:09. | |
like the consensus the way it is at the moment. If Parliament decides | :30:10. | :30:13. | |
that we have a proposal for how to change, it may be that the | :30:14. | :30:18. | |
electorate should be given the opportunity to demonstrate their | :30:19. | :30:22. | |
consent or... You are slightly untypical, I think. You are | :30:23. | :30:27. | |
thinking, even as a Leaver you might want to put the consent back at the | :30:28. | :30:31. | |
end of it. I am very well aware that Parliament is 75% Remain, so... | :30:32. | :30:40. | |
I wouldn't endorse a second referendum. But there seems to be a | :30:41. | :30:45. | |
confidence almost an arrogance on the part of the Remain team that if | :30:46. | :30:49. | |
there were a second referendum they would get the result that they | :30:50. | :30:54. | |
wanted. If they didn't do that, then I mean, they would have leave the | :30:55. | :31:01. | |
pitch and abide by the result. My suspicion going round my | :31:02. | :31:04. | |
constituency, is that the Leave vote has hardened and people are appalled | :31:05. | :31:10. | |
by the condescension that many Remainers that's not Nick. Or my | :31:11. | :31:15. | |
dad. Yes, your dad. Thank you all very much. Can we thank the panel, | :31:16. | :31:18. | |
please. Thank you very much. APPLAUSE | :31:19. | :31:29. | |
Well, it is all very well discussing this here, but what's it like in the | :31:30. | :31:33. | |
north of England and the Midlands, where many voted to leave and many | :31:34. | :31:38. | |
of those who voted to leave were Labour voters. We've been travelling | :31:39. | :31:42. | |
from the industrial city of Manchester to the holiday town of | :31:43. | :31:43. | |
Blackpool. One month on from Brexit, what did | :31:44. | :32:07. | |
the vote reveal about Britain? Our new Prime Minister talked about one | :32:08. | :32:16. | |
nation, but are we? Even in Manchester, where 60% voted to | :32:17. | :32:23. | |
remain, there are divisions. You've got all sorts of famous clients. | :32:24. | :32:30. | |
Yeah, Lady GaGa, Tess Daly, Cheryl Cole, Amanda Holden. Turkish-born | :32:31. | :32:36. | |
designer voted to leave. Her design team was split. Have you experienced | :32:37. | :32:41. | |
a feeling that because you voted out, people are judging in some way? | :32:42. | :32:49. | |
Of course, yeah. Yeah. In what way? It's all over Facebook, every time | :32:50. | :32:52. | |
anyone would comment something, within our generation, I felt like | :32:53. | :32:56. | |
it's embarrassing to say that you voted out. Because people would be | :32:57. | :33:01. | |
like, oh, my God, I can't believe you've done this. It feels like | :33:02. | :33:06. | |
we're divided at the moment, do you think we can heal? I think it all | :33:07. | :33:10. | |
depends on the Brexit strategy and what happens now. And whether we can | :33:11. | :33:16. | |
meet a mutual agreement that's going to work for everyone. The referendum | :33:17. | :33:23. | |
revealed fault lines in the country, class, age and geographical divides. | :33:24. | :33:27. | |
This is a city that voted in and yet we're going out. Yeah. People are | :33:28. | :33:34. | |
worried, are they? Because I think, the politicians they didn't explain | :33:35. | :33:39. | |
very well to the people what's the effect will be after the elections. | :33:40. | :33:47. | |
One of the truths universally acknowledged during the campaign is | :33:48. | :33:52. | |
that students mainly voted in. There's a bar down here that does | :33:53. | :34:02. | |
student discounts. How did you vote? Remain. Remain. Also remain. Do you | :34:03. | :34:09. | |
feel part of a metropolitan elite if you voted Remain, is that how you | :34:10. | :34:15. | |
see yourself? The idea of 48% of the population being an elite and 66% of | :34:16. | :34:19. | |
Scotland being an elite is ridiculous. The great majority of | :34:20. | :34:23. | |
people who voted out, voted out because they felt they had no | :34:24. | :34:26. | |
control. There's no other way to say what they wanted to say. Have you | :34:27. | :34:32. | |
felt anger, upset, dismay? Dismissing who voted in a different | :34:33. | :34:37. | |
way from you as racist or uneducated is essentially the wrong way to go. | :34:38. | :34:41. | |
In the long run, it's going to do far more damage to the country than | :34:42. | :34:50. | |
Brexit ever could. Manchester and Liverpool are exceptional. | :34:51. | :34:52. | |
Everywhere else round here voted out. I'm leaving Manchester now. Off | :34:53. | :34:59. | |
to visit some other parts of the North West. | :35:00. | :35:08. | |
In Tory voting Ribble Valley 56% voted leave. We've just Intercepted | :35:09. | :35:16. | |
you, John. You have. Where are you off to? For my paper. John used to | :35:17. | :35:22. | |
run the village shop. He voted to Remain. And how do you feel about | :35:23. | :35:30. | |
the result? Well, we've got used to it, haven't we? Inside the shop, | :35:31. | :35:37. | |
Barry White was about to be outshone. I'm told that you're a | :35:38. | :35:41. | |
good singer, have you got any songs? # So if it's raining | :35:42. | :35:46. | |
# I've no regrets # It's not rain, rain you know - bit | :35:47. | :35:53. | |
of A already Jolson that. Do you think it is raining because of the | :35:54. | :35:56. | |
referendum or are you happy with the way we've gone? I'm happy with it. I | :35:57. | :36:01. | |
am. We'll all stick together. If we all stick together and make a better | :36:02. | :36:09. | |
future. These parts are known as the milk fields of Lancashire. Outside | :36:10. | :36:15. | |
the local cheesemakers, I found a family divided. Mum voted in, her | :36:16. | :36:19. | |
daughters were split. You're scared about what the vote will mean for | :36:20. | :36:26. | |
Britain? I am, really, yeah. But as I say, I think Theresa May, of | :36:27. | :36:33. | |
anybody, will possibly pull us through this. We were all so aghast, | :36:34. | :36:37. | |
especially me and my friends. We were very upset I think and quite | :36:38. | :36:43. | |
angry towards maybe the older generation. When I was speaking to | :36:44. | :36:48. | |
Faye a few days after, it was more of a "Are you happy that this has | :36:49. | :36:52. | |
happened? " How did you feel, what did you say? All my fault then! It's | :36:53. | :37:04. | |
all my fault that one decision. You don't get more British than the | :37:05. | :37:11. | |
seaside at Lytham St Annes. At the local tea shop, I came across Hilda | :37:12. | :37:17. | |
and Malcom, both Out voters. Have you picked up a sort of sense, I | :37:18. | :37:22. | |
don't know, a bad feeling between the people who voted out and the | :37:23. | :37:26. | |
people who voted in? I think some people are really biassed and | :37:27. | :37:30. | |
bigoted and can't always look for the other person's point of view, | :37:31. | :37:35. | |
which is sad really, because we're all the same under the skin. We all | :37:36. | :37:40. | |
have our own view points. And hopefully, we can all learn to live | :37:41. | :37:44. | |
in peace together. What do you say to young people who say - you | :37:45. | :37:47. | |
shouldn't have been allowed a vote because you're not going to be | :37:48. | :37:49. | |
around to live with the consequences? I'd say, a vote's a | :37:50. | :38:00. | |
vote for everybody. Leave it at that. | :38:01. | :38:11. | |
I'm ending my trip in Blackpool, with its darker underbelly behind | :38:12. | :38:19. | |
the promise of bright lights. 68% of people voted out in Labour | :38:20. | :38:22. | |
Blackpool, the highest figure in the North West. At Amazing Greys, a soup | :38:23. | :38:31. | |
kitchen, they offer 15,000 meals a year. Tell me why you think out was | :38:32. | :38:42. | |
the right vote? Erm...... Because I think it will bring a lot more jobs | :38:43. | :38:46. | |
back to Blackpool. You think as a result of the vote, things will get | :38:47. | :38:50. | |
better for people like you here? Yeah. All the jobs are being taken | :38:51. | :38:54. | |
before the season even starts. Is that by people who aren't from | :38:55. | :38:58. | |
Blackpool, you think? There's a lot of people moving into Blackpool all | :38:59. | :39:03. | |
the time, because they think it's like London, bright lights, big | :39:04. | :39:07. | |
city. It's not. We've got a new Prime Minister. She's talking about | :39:08. | :39:10. | |
one nation, she's appealing to people like you saying, I'm going to | :39:11. | :39:15. | |
think about you, when I make a decision. A lot of people don't like | :39:16. | :39:20. | |
her, but I think she might be pretty good actually. In this journey | :39:21. | :39:30. | |
across the North West, I've lost count of the number of times people | :39:31. | :39:33. | |
have said to me from either side of the debate that they voted with the | :39:34. | :39:37. | |
future in mind. In a sense, that's the thing that unites us. But it's | :39:38. | :39:44. | |
also something that could divide us, if the future doesn't pan out the | :39:45. | :39:51. | |
way each of us hopes. I'm joined now by a leading | :39:52. | :39:56. | |
Brexiteer, Daniel Hannon, one of the men who led the charge for Out. And | :39:57. | :40:01. | |
the writer and commentator Paul Mason. What we've been hearing and | :40:02. | :40:06. | |
Katie explored that in her film, is the number of divisions and splits, | :40:07. | :40:09. | |
within families, old and young, across the country, Scottish, | :40:10. | :40:13. | |
English, so forth. That's a lot to heal and you've got the troubles on | :40:14. | :40:18. | |
the left. We're not going to heal some of these divisions. The number | :40:19. | :40:23. | |
one unhealable division is Scotland. If I were Scottish I would vote to | :40:24. | :40:29. | |
leave the United Kingdom and remain in the EU. We overemphasise the | :40:30. | :40:33. | |
generational thing. Something that I lament is a view that common in a | :40:34. | :40:37. | |
place like London, is that all of this was caused by ignorance, | :40:38. | :40:43. | |
xenophobia etc. We cannot describe 52% of the population like that. | :40:44. | :40:48. | |
Even the most visceral and voting with your heart Leavism was often | :40:49. | :40:51. | |
very well informed. My side lost. We have to accept it. And then, we will | :40:52. | :40:56. | |
unite around what is the proposal. What is the proposal we're able to | :40:57. | :41:01. | |
get from Europe, what's the maximum amount of engagement with the single | :41:02. | :41:06. | |
market we can get. That is the problem, a month on, nature abhors a | :41:07. | :41:10. | |
vacuum, but we are no clear what that proposal may be. There may be | :41:11. | :41:15. | |
bright, young civil servants trying to work that out. Can you not tell | :41:16. | :41:18. | |
the people in here what Brexit actually looks like, because there | :41:19. | :41:25. | |
is no prospeck Tuesday. Before the -- prospectus. Before the campaign | :41:26. | :41:29. | |
we produced a million-page study on what we would like to do. The | :41:30. | :41:32. | |
reality is it was a close vote. We don't have a mandate to roll over | :41:33. | :41:37. | |
48%. That's as big a minority as you can have. You correctly say the UK | :41:38. | :41:43. | |
is a partner of nations. Two of the four countries voted to remain in. | :41:44. | :41:47. | |
We can't disregard that. The narrowness of the mandate will exert | :41:48. | :41:50. | |
a measure of moderation, because we need to try and find a consensus | :41:51. | :41:55. | |
that both sides can live with, even if without great enthusiasm. One of | :41:56. | :41:59. | |
the big issues of course, is that you believe passionately that | :42:00. | :42:01. | |
immigration wasn't an issue. Clearly your new Prime Minister does, | :42:02. | :42:04. | |
because the thing that she said that nobody else had said was that the | :42:05. | :42:08. | |
position of EU nationals in this country may be an issue and so | :42:09. | :42:15. | |
therefore, that is now on the table. I didn't say immigration wasn't an | :42:16. | :42:18. | |
issue. That is a division that may exist. People are concerned, | :42:19. | :42:24. | |
families, friends. The BBC did its own poll about this. 21% of Leave | :42:25. | :42:31. | |
voters expect a very drastic fall in numbers of EU migrants after Brexit. | :42:32. | :42:36. | |
11% of all voters. This was not "the" top issue. People wanted | :42:37. | :42:40. | |
control so that we're in charge of roughly who comes out and roughly in | :42:41. | :42:43. | |
what numbers. That doesn't mean zero immigration. For very bright people | :42:44. | :42:47. | |
in here, the word roughly is a nightmare. Because what does | :42:48. | :42:52. | |
"roughly" mean. You either have free movement of people or you don't. | :42:53. | :42:55. | |
Paul, immigration was very much an issue in the north-east of England, | :42:56. | :42:59. | |
Labour didn't get that one right. You may cede lots of votes to Ukip | :43:00. | :43:03. | |
in the future because of that. What are you going to do about the issue | :43:04. | :43:06. | |
of free movement? It's not a bit of it, it's either free movement or | :43:07. | :43:12. | |
not? That's not true. What I would do and I'm strongly pushing this, is | :43:13. | :43:17. | |
that we apply to be in the European Economic Area, to remain in the | :43:18. | :43:20. | |
single market, and we say, because in it you can have an emergency | :43:21. | :43:24. | |
brake on free movement. That's only a temporary variance. We say we'll | :43:25. | :43:28. | |
address with microeconomic policies the things that people are worried | :43:29. | :43:32. | |
about, give us time to do itment the challenge has to be to everybody in | :43:33. | :43:35. | |
politics - what is wrong with that? Tell us what you think is wrong with | :43:36. | :43:42. | |
that, since you all claim to be pro-migration, not anti-may grags, | :43:43. | :43:46. | |
not racist -- antimigration, not racist, what is wrong with seeking | :43:47. | :43:51. | |
temporary breathing space to get the consent for migration back. In terms | :43:52. | :43:55. | |
of healing divides then, you said it was a very narrow vote. It was a | :43:56. | :43:59. | |
vote to lever, but a narrow -- to leave, but a narrow vote. What do | :44:00. | :44:03. | |
you think about that model, the Norway model? Is that something that | :44:04. | :44:06. | |
is seriously being considered or not? First point, we're not going to | :44:07. | :44:10. | |
copy any other country. Throughout the campaign people kept saying are | :44:11. | :44:14. | |
you going to be like Norway, like Canada? The fact you put the | :44:15. | :44:18. | |
question like that, shows that none of those countries has an identical | :44:19. | :44:24. | |
model. Hang on, you haven't, nobody yet has come up with a model. What | :44:25. | :44:28. | |
every country in Europe has in common, all of the non-EU countries, | :44:29. | :44:32. | |
whether it's mass done ya, Isle of Man, all of them -- Macedonia, they | :44:33. | :44:38. | |
all have access to the EU market without political union. We know the | :44:39. | :44:41. | |
parameters within which these talks are going to happen. We want market | :44:42. | :44:46. | |
access. . We want democratic control. There is going to be some | :44:47. | :44:49. | |
free movement under this Conservative Government? No. Which | :44:50. | :44:52. | |
is going to deal with Conservative MPs who are very concerned about | :44:53. | :44:57. | |
this? We made one absolutely clear promise, we would take back control | :44:58. | :45:01. | |
of immigration policy. That can mean only one thing, it means that no | :45:02. | :45:04. | |
European Court will get to determine who can enter the UK or who can | :45:05. | :45:09. | |
reside in the UK. Having taken back control, it will be for the people | :45:10. | :45:13. | |
and their Parliamentarians to decide whether to have bilateral deals, | :45:14. | :45:17. | |
whether to allow people to study, take up particular job offers. That | :45:18. | :45:21. | |
will be for us to decide through our own democratic institutions. Paul, | :45:22. | :45:29. | |
when I talk about nature abhors a vacuum, revised growth figures 1. 7 | :45:30. | :45:34. | |
next year, 1. 3, there may be a downturn that harms the very people | :45:35. | :45:38. | |
who voted to lever. If there's an economic downturn it harms | :45:39. | :45:42. | |
everybody. What I am worried about is that racist populism is out of | :45:43. | :45:45. | |
the bottle. Whatever Nigel Farage says now he regrets using that | :45:46. | :45:50. | |
image, we saw him earlier say that, racist populism is there in pubs, in | :45:51. | :45:55. | |
clubs. If the economy now goes down the tubes, I never bought the whole | :45:56. | :46:02. | |
Bank of England, treasurery kind of thing, I said this publicly, but it | :46:03. | :46:06. | |
may happen and what we have to do now is work together, not only to | :46:07. | :46:11. | |
reassure those EU migrants, but a big backlash against Muslims | :46:12. | :46:13. | |
happened on the street after this, who had nothing to do with EU | :46:14. | :46:18. | |
membership. We have to work to prevent this racist populism getting | :46:19. | :46:18. | |
further out of the bottle. APPLAUSE. Just a quick word on that | :46:19. | :46:37. | |
- on the question of arginine with EU nationals that are here already, | :46:38. | :46:42. | |
is that a go or not? Personally, I made it clear all the way through | :46:43. | :46:46. | |
that we should not put that in jeopardy. I think it is terribly | :46:47. | :46:51. | |
unfair to all of the British Muslims who voted Leave, to suggest that | :46:52. | :46:55. | |
they are lumped in with all of these racists. They were making a rational | :46:56. | :47:00. | |
decision. When people here were asked, what will Brexit be? Brexit | :47:01. | :47:05. | |
is there. Do you believe that you should put the Brexit plan to the | :47:06. | :47:12. | |
people? Brexit means that we end the jurisdiction of EU courts over... | :47:13. | :47:17. | |
They say there is not won at the moment, and there is not a model. | :47:18. | :47:21. | |
There is not a plan. The question is, how much they can we implement | :47:22. | :47:26. | |
if we want to carry the Remainers who have not accepted the result, as | :47:27. | :47:30. | |
we saw earlier. And we want to try and bring with us as many as | :47:31. | :47:34. | |
possible of that 48%, then we may have to stop short of a complete | :47:35. | :47:40. | |
severance, and retain many of our political, economic and diplomatic | :47:41. | :47:44. | |
connections with Europe, for the sake -- for the sake of keeping the | :47:45. | :47:53. | |
union together. Over to Evan Davis. That is actually about it for this | :47:54. | :47:57. | |
evening. The temperature in here tells us we are getting into the | :47:58. | :48:02. | |
deep summer. Journalists call it the silly season. Maybe you think it has | :48:03. | :48:05. | |
all been a bit mad over the non-silly season. Some of us are | :48:06. | :48:09. | |
yearning for a period in which biggest story is a cat stuck up a | :48:10. | :48:13. | |
tree. We will continue to scrutinise what happens over the next few | :48:14. | :48:17. | |
months. Let me thank the Royal Geographical Society for hosting us | :48:18. | :48:23. | |
come and also Intelligence Squared, for helping us to organise it. And | :48:24. | :48:27. | |
above all, to our audience. To finish, we thought we would leave | :48:28. | :48:31. | |
you with a short tribute to one of those careers ended, for now, since | :48:32. | :48:36. | |
Brexit. So it is good night from us, and it is good night from them. I | :48:37. | :48:40. | |
love this country and I feel honoured to have served it. | :48:41. | :48:50. | |
# Bye-bye, love # Bye-bye, happiness | :48:51. | :48:58. | |
# Hello, loneliness... That is not the outcome that I threw everything | :48:59. | :49:07. | |
into campaigning for. No regrets. Mr Corbyn, how can you survive? | :49:08. | :49:17. | |
# There goes my baby... Stepping aside. Resigned. Resigning today. | :49:18. | :49:29. | |
# Bye-bye, sweet caress... What I am saying today is, I want my life | :49:30. | :49:33. | |
back. And it begins right now. Thank you. | :49:34. | :49:43. | |
It sparked the greatest transformation in British history. | :49:44. | :49:46. | |
It had nothing like the impact of the railways. | :49:47. | :49:55. | |
Discover how the steam revolution shaped the way we live today. | :49:56. | :50:00. |