Browse content similar to 30/09/2016. Check below for episodes and series from the same categories and more!
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Theresa May is a world leader, the Prime Minister of the fifth | :00:00. | :00:07. | |
largest economy in the world, but what are her political passions, | :00:08. | :00:10. | |
This weekend she'll take to the stage at Tory Party Conference. | :00:11. | :00:17. | |
Will we start to get a clearer picture of what our | :00:18. | :00:19. | |
What she has not had, I think, is a 100 day plan of the sort | :00:20. | :00:29. | |
that we had worked out, when we came in, in 1997, when we | :00:30. | :00:32. | |
She seems to have not had that whole series of policies and | :00:33. | :00:36. | |
We'll hear from some of those who witnessed the first steps | :00:37. | :00:40. | |
Deutche Bank has got a market capitalisation of 16.8billion | :00:41. | :00:43. | |
dollars and faces a US fine of 14 billion for mis-selling. | :00:44. | :00:46. | |
Is what the IMF calls the riskiest bank in the world too big to fail? | :00:47. | :00:54. | |
The bloody history of some of the world's earliest and finest | :00:55. | :00:58. | |
I've never actually licked a manuscript but they have probably | :00:59. | :01:06. | |
Not only is it her sixtieth birthday tomorrow, on Sunday it's one hundred | :01:07. | :01:24. | |
days since the Brexit vote and she'll be in Birmingham | :01:25. | :01:28. | |
addressing party conference for the first time as PM on that | :01:29. | :01:31. | |
very subject - I wonder which she'll find the more enjoyable - | :01:32. | :01:34. | |
And then she makes a wider ranging speech on Wednesday. | :01:35. | :01:37. | |
Theresa May has been a senior figure in conservative politics for almost | :01:38. | :01:42. | |
two decades but apart from her style choices, ideologically she has been | :01:43. | :01:45. | |
a closed book to all but a few trusted lieutenants. | :01:46. | :01:50. | |
Since entering Number Ten there have been a few glimpses - | :01:51. | :01:53. | |
her determination to pursue "responsible capitalism," | :01:54. | :01:55. | |
the return of grammar schools, and of course that moment | :01:56. | :01:57. | |
of caution, or brinkmanship, over Hinkley. | :01:58. | :02:01. | |
But will she come up with eye catching policies, | :02:02. | :02:03. | |
and does political history tell us that early enthusiasms | :02:04. | :02:09. | |
A clear image of Theresa May has yet to settle on the public retina. | :02:10. | :02:17. | |
In some cases, the details are sketchy, but in others, | :02:18. | :02:19. | |
The new Prime Minister was fortunate to have a G20 summit at the UN | :02:20. | :02:27. | |
General Assembly early in her tenure to help establish foreign policy | :02:28. | :02:31. | |
credentials, but in truth, one problem dominates | :02:32. | :02:32. | |
Here we have not yet had an outline, merely a clever sounding phrase | :02:33. | :02:39. | |
And we are going to make a success of it. | :02:40. | :02:54. | |
Every time one of her Brexit ministers seems to add a little | :02:55. | :02:58. | |
clarity to the government's approach, they have been sat down | :02:59. | :03:02. | |
On Sunday, Mrs May is set to give what has been billed as a big speech | :03:03. | :03:06. | |
on her approach to Brexit, perhaps then we will find out more beyond... | :03:07. | :03:10. | |
Jonathan Powell was Tony Blair 's chief of staff and he arrived | :03:11. | :03:15. | |
He warned Theresa May against wasting any time. | :03:16. | :03:26. | |
The first 100 days are crucial in setting the mould | :03:27. | :03:28. | |
for the Prime Ministership, that is when people see you. | :03:29. | :03:31. | |
There are two things I regret from our first 100 days, | :03:32. | :03:33. | |
the first was being bold and really difficult policies you want to get | :03:34. | :03:36. | |
through you should do at the beginning when you have | :03:37. | :03:39. | |
The second thing you should do is try and focus on those | :03:40. | :03:43. | |
issues that are going to be really important. | :03:44. | :03:45. | |
For Theresa May, the issue she will be remembered for is Brexit. | :03:46. | :03:47. | |
Whether she succeeds or whether it is reversed | :03:48. | :03:49. | |
If I were her I would focus exclusively on that. | :03:50. | :03:53. | |
With the dominance of Brexit and the fact that Mrs May has been | :03:54. | :03:57. | |
so long in the Home Office, you might have thought that | :03:58. | :03:59. | |
a distinct May domestic agenda would emerge slowly, but we have had | :04:00. | :04:02. | |
A pause in signing the deal on the new nuclear power | :04:03. | :04:07. | |
station with the Chinese, citing security concerns | :04:08. | :04:10. | |
was emblematic of cutting loose from the Cameron Osborne years | :04:11. | :04:15. | |
and another was announcing the return to grammar schools. | :04:16. | :04:17. | |
Strangely it was this attempt and focus on her agenda that has | :04:18. | :04:22. | |
caused most disquiet among Conservative backbenchers. | :04:23. | :04:27. | |
The grammar school policy was seen as both rushed and vague and indeed | :04:28. | :04:30. | |
there were so many unanswered questions about how it would work, | :04:31. | :04:34. | |
that it provided something of a rallying point for disgruntled | :04:35. | :04:37. | |
There was more uneasy when despite all the previous | :04:38. | :04:42. | |
signals suggesting cancelling the Hinkley Point power station, | :04:43. | :04:45. | |
a deal, slightly amended, was agreed anyway. | :04:46. | :04:49. | |
Questions then about what sort of political operation Mrs May | :04:50. | :04:52. | |
was running and whether it was up to the job. | :04:53. | :04:56. | |
Mrs May has a very different relationship with the press | :04:57. | :04:59. | |
from her predecessor who had no staged visits to schools | :05:00. | :05:03. | |
or factories and very few informal sources of information. | :05:04. | :05:07. | |
The only way in is through the front door, guarded by two aides who have | :05:08. | :05:11. | |
been with her on and off since her time in opposition. | :05:12. | :05:17. | |
I created the job of chief of staff and I came to work for Tony Blair | :05:18. | :05:21. | |
having imported that from the United States. | :05:22. | :05:22. | |
I've noticed that Theresa May has two, there is an inflation going on. | :05:23. | :05:27. | |
She has a male one and a female one and they seem to have a significant | :05:28. | :05:31. | |
role, controlling access, they seem to have a major role | :05:32. | :05:33. | |
in terms of policy, for example around schools and the role of chief | :05:34. | :05:37. | |
of staff has become more like that of The West Wing. | :05:38. | :05:42. | |
As someone who arrived on the job unexpectedly and in extraordinary | :05:43. | :05:45. | |
circumstances, Theresa May has been cut more slack than most | :05:46. | :05:48. | |
new prime ministers, but that patience is | :05:49. | :05:50. | |
We will have decision soon on Heathrow, government spending | :05:51. | :05:56. | |
Either the Prime Minister defines events or they will define her. | :05:57. | :06:08. | |
Let's grapple now with the May enigma and what history tells us | :06:09. | :06:11. | |
about the importance of a Prime Minister's honeymoon | :06:12. | :06:13. | |
with broadcaster Michael Cockerell, who has chronicled the careers | :06:14. | :06:15. | |
of seven Prime Ministers, Deborah Mattinson, pollster | :06:16. | :06:17. | |
and former adviser to Gordon Brown as Prime Minister, Polly McKenzie, | :06:18. | :06:19. | |
who worked in Downing Street for Nick Clegg and the journalist | :06:20. | :06:22. | |
and author Harry Mount, who's writing a book about Brexit. | :06:23. | :06:28. | |
Good evening. Michael, you have seen more Prime Minister 's go through | :06:29. | :06:38. | |
that black door than many, has anything surprised you since Theresa | :06:39. | :06:42. | |
May went through it? Partly what we were expecting of her, that she was | :06:43. | :06:49. | |
going to be boring and stayed and unexciting, but I think she has been | :06:50. | :06:54. | |
much more interesting. When she appointed Boris, everyone was | :06:55. | :06:59. | |
shocked, not least Michael Gove, he was at a party when it came through | :07:00. | :07:04. | |
on his mobile phone and he went white, apparently. She has not been | :07:05. | :07:10. | |
that predictable. She has been amazingly self-confident, at her | :07:11. | :07:13. | |
leadership launch, someone asked why she should be Prime Minister and she | :07:14. | :07:17. | |
said she was the best equipped for the job. She has this | :07:18. | :07:21. | |
self-confidence, she hit the ground running. If you look at Prime | :07:22. | :07:26. | |
ministers who have come through mid stream, John Major, who have the | :07:27. | :07:30. | |
poll tax, Gordon Brown, but Theresa May is faced with a policy that she | :07:31. | :07:34. | |
actively voted against, having to drive it through, does it make it | :07:35. | :07:39. | |
more difficult? It is incredibly difficult and she has appointed | :07:40. | :07:43. | |
three different competing voices, David Davis, Liam Fox and Boris | :07:44. | :07:55. | |
Johnson to fight it out over this policy, which she cannot take too | :07:56. | :07:57. | |
much leadership on... What is the psychology of that? It must be | :07:58. | :08:00. | |
difficult for her. She is not known as someone who is a natural | :08:01. | :08:02. | |
delegator, yet she knows she cannot push too hard because she needs to | :08:03. | :08:05. | |
give them potentially enough rope to hang themselves. You have been doing | :08:06. | :08:11. | |
a lot of work on Theresa May, what do people pick of her? Their views | :08:12. | :08:16. | |
are little hazy. They do not know very much, but what they do know is | :08:17. | :08:21. | |
quite positive. I could say that voters are cautiously optimistic, | :08:22. | :08:24. | |
she is making the right noises, the mood music is right. In what way? | :08:25. | :08:30. | |
She is differentiating herself from the guide before in a good way, | :08:31. | :08:35. | |
saying I am not an Old Etonian. She is also saying that she is reaching | :08:36. | :08:39. | |
out, the speech on the steps of Downing Street, I tested that in | :08:40. | :08:41. | |
focus groups and people loved it. Are you one of the people who are | :08:42. | :08:57. | |
struggling to get by, she said, and people said yes. 56% of people in | :08:58. | :09:00. | |
this country define themselves as have nots and it was a direct appeal | :09:01. | :09:03. | |
to them. On that question of differentiating herself from David | :09:04. | :09:06. | |
Cameron, she is not posh or one of the boys, she has to drive that | :09:07. | :09:12. | |
through. He did talk about that, making a more equal society and did | :09:13. | :09:18. | |
not deliver. You could say that we have a public schoolboy, educated at | :09:19. | :09:23. | |
Oxford handing over to a public school girl educated at Oxford. She | :09:24. | :09:28. | |
went to a public school as well. She did a very good job. Cameron said | :09:29. | :09:34. | |
very similar things on his first time. You remember that famous | :09:35. | :09:39. | |
speech by Thatcher on her opening day. They all try to set these | :09:40. | :09:44. | |
messages that she will be defined by this one big issue of Brexit and I | :09:45. | :09:49. | |
think she has been doing rather well on that and being a reluctant | :09:50. | :09:53. | |
remain, either by accident or design, is the perfect position to | :09:54. | :09:59. | |
be in. I have been interviewing, the Brexiteers like hers, they think in | :10:00. | :10:03. | |
the House of Commons where the Tories are largely pro-Romain, | :10:04. | :10:08. | |
they're more likely to get them through the divisions -- Remain. She | :10:09. | :10:11. | |
is not doing the glad handling, she's not going to schools are | :10:12. | :10:18. | |
factories, is she underestimating things because she is a woman? There | :10:19. | :10:24. | |
is a weirdo expectation, her chief of staff, must be the person of the | :10:25. | :10:30. | |
agenda, which is strange, she is somehow ventral uprising for him, | :10:31. | :10:35. | |
when she clearly has an ideology... To the voters think that? The | :10:36. | :10:39. | |
problem with voters is they have a very narrow set of role models. | :10:40. | :10:43. | |
People say she is probably quite like Mrs Thatcher. The thing about | :10:44. | :10:51. | |
the early Thatcher years, it was Keith Josef, who was supposed to be | :10:52. | :10:56. | |
her Svengali. Do you think there are certain negative points that people | :10:57. | :11:00. | |
see, she is quite restrained. Actually what people are feeling is | :11:01. | :11:05. | |
not that she is restrained, but they are feeling that she is very | :11:06. | :11:11. | |
measured. They are a little bit impatient already. You are saying | :11:12. | :11:15. | |
that you think she's doing well on Brexit, I do not think that is quite | :11:16. | :11:18. | |
whether voters are. Rightly or wrongly, I have heard people saying | :11:19. | :11:21. | |
what is she doing going on holiday when the country is in crisis? It is | :11:22. | :11:27. | |
very early days, if you think she will come up with these tremendous | :11:28. | :11:30. | |
rows over the next five years and Europe is what has killed the last | :11:31. | :11:34. | |
three Tory prime ministers, this is early days. It is too early. You say | :11:35. | :11:41. | |
also about being a very measured. Her Cabinet reshuffle within a | :11:42. | :11:47. | |
couple of days, I was talking to one Cabinet minister, you will have to | :11:48. | :11:53. | |
work out who it was, he said he was sitting around the Cabinet table and | :11:54. | :11:56. | |
only four of us were in the same job that they had been in before! More | :11:57. | :12:02. | |
radical than you think. You get rid of the number of people that you | :12:03. | :12:06. | |
want to get rid of because they have committed the cardinal sin of being | :12:07. | :12:12. | |
in with David Cameron, George Osborne or Michael Gove, but you | :12:13. | :12:15. | |
shovel all the other ministers who have been in the job for long enough | :12:16. | :12:18. | |
to understand how the ministry 's work, it is a rather odd thing to | :12:19. | :12:23. | |
do. Let us put it into the context of other prime ministers in their | :12:24. | :12:29. | |
earliest incarnations, what Jonathan Powell was saying, she does not seem | :12:30. | :12:35. | |
to have a 100 day plan, but she was in different circumstances, Tony | :12:36. | :12:38. | |
Blair had been preparing forever, but when Wilson came in, what did he | :12:39. | :12:44. | |
quit -- did he do quickly and did it survive? He came in and played on | :12:45. | :12:50. | |
the fact that he was the first grammar school boy after three old | :12:51. | :12:59. | |
it a row, after a 14th Earl and the huge political star, who Wilson | :13:00. | :13:04. | |
modelled himself on, just before he became Prime Minister, was JFK. JFK | :13:05. | :13:13. | |
said we would have 100 days of dynamic action and Wilson said we | :13:14. | :13:16. | |
would have 100 days of dynamic action. He tried to play himself as | :13:17. | :13:22. | |
the first Prime Minister born in this century, the youth vote. Coming | :13:23. | :13:28. | |
on to the Coalition, you were there with Nick Clegg, was he prepared for | :13:29. | :13:33. | |
what happened? The Conservatives did a lot of preparation in opposition | :13:34. | :13:36. | |
whereas the Liberal Democrats with no expectation of being in | :13:37. | :13:41. | |
government... Did that damage them in the long-term? The real challenge | :13:42. | :13:44. | |
was trying to build a narrative that was about something other than | :13:45. | :13:48. | |
austerity and I think that that in a way is a mirror of how Brexit will | :13:49. | :13:53. | |
dominate Theresa May's Premiership. It is the biggest thing and the | :13:54. | :13:58. | |
Coalition will be known for cutting 80 billion of public spending and it | :13:59. | :14:01. | |
does not matter how many strategy teams you have, that is the game. On | :14:02. | :14:07. | |
that question of Brexit, I am sure that as a Prime Minister, should she | :14:08. | :14:11. | |
will not want to be defined entirely by Brexit, but I she said earlier, | :14:12. | :14:17. | |
she can hive of the problems to David Davis, Boris and Liam and take | :14:18. | :14:21. | |
the glory of it goes well. That will be enough to define it, a huge thing | :14:22. | :14:27. | |
to take a side of Europe successfully. | :14:28. | :14:32. | |
I'm sure she does not want to be defined by it, she had Patrick | :14:33. | :14:39. | |
McLoughlin briefing the media that she wants to be defined by other | :14:40. | :14:46. | |
things. But the huge event is Brexit, so she will try to be | :14:47. | :14:49. | |
defined by other things. I'm sure her conference speech will be full | :14:50. | :14:54. | |
of other things. What do you think, Deborah, she has to do, she is doing | :14:55. | :14:59. | |
the big speech on Brexit on Sunday and on Wednesday she is doing the | :15:00. | :15:04. | |
wider thing. The public priorities are clear, NHS, immigration and the | :15:05. | :15:10. | |
economy. All of those things in one way or another relates to Brexit | :15:11. | :15:13. | |
actually. They are all connected and joined up. The 100 days thing is not | :15:14. | :15:19. | |
an accident. All the polling research I've done looking at | :15:20. | :15:22. | |
previous prime ministers suggests that 100 days in is often as good as | :15:23. | :15:27. | |
it gets. That's the moment where people have made their minds up. If | :15:28. | :15:31. | |
you have not won them over by then you may be never will. On the | :15:32. | :15:36. | |
policies, if policies disappear in the first hundred days, you think | :15:37. | :15:40. | |
what were these policies in the first hundred days. That is often | :15:41. | :15:44. | |
right. There are often gimmicks as well, as Gordon Brown had worked out | :15:45. | :15:48. | |
what he was going to do for his first 100 days, and then things got | :15:49. | :15:53. | |
in the way. There were the floods, the threat of foot and mouth. | :15:54. | :15:58. | |
Suddenly he took control of these things. But he said to me, I'm | :15:59. | :16:04. | |
really angry, because my grasp for what I was going to do for 100 days | :16:05. | :16:08. | |
is not working out like that. Thank you very much indeed. | :16:09. | :16:09. | |
The chief executive of Deutsche Bank had to come out fighting today | :16:10. | :16:12. | |
after shares tumbled 9% at the start of trading following a big fall | :16:13. | :16:16. | |
overnight in the bank's Wall Street listed shares. | :16:17. | :16:19. | |
John Cryan assured staff at what the IMF calls the world's | :16:20. | :16:24. | |
riskiest bank that finances were strong, but not only | :16:25. | :16:26. | |
is there the small matter of a 14 billion dollar fine | :16:27. | :16:29. | |
in the US for mis-selling mortgage-backed bonds before | :16:30. | :16:32. | |
the financial crisis of 2008, there's persistent doubt over | :16:33. | :16:34. | |
whether its 1.8 trillion dollar balance sheet is worth what the bank | :16:35. | :16:38. | |
Its shares rallied later in the day, but could Deutsche Bank fail, | :16:39. | :16:45. | |
or would the German government ride to the rescue? | :16:46. | :16:47. | |
Deutsche Bank, the biggest bank in Europe's biggest economy, 147 years | :16:48. | :17:01. | |
old, but you might remember it best for the financial crisis, for a two | :17:02. | :17:06. | |
and a half billion dollar libel penalty, or for another huge fine. | :17:07. | :17:13. | |
This time for busting sanctions. And now it faces of $14 billion fine | :17:14. | :17:16. | |
from American authorities for selling those dodgy mortgage-backed | :17:17. | :17:20. | |
securities that led to the 2008 crisis. And when your bank is valued | :17:21. | :17:29. | |
at 15 billion euros, a $14 billion fine is a pretty terrifying | :17:30. | :17:33. | |
prospect. Hence the share price tumbling. Also falling world the | :17:34. | :17:37. | |
price of Deutsche Bank's Coco Bonds and that tells us a lot. So what is | :17:38. | :17:44. | |
a Coco Bond? A way of raising money by borrowing it but with strings | :17:45. | :17:49. | |
attached. Based on a normal bond with a bank borrowing and then | :17:50. | :17:53. | |
paying fixed rate of interest for five, ten or 20 years before getting | :17:54. | :17:57. | |
to the end of that period and paying back the lump sum. Now for the | :17:58. | :18:04. | |
strings. The clues are in the name, CoCo is short for contingent | :18:05. | :18:08. | |
convertible, in other words it can change in certain circumstances. In | :18:09. | :18:12. | |
theory all sorts of things but for Deutsche Bank it means if it starts | :18:13. | :18:16. | |
to run short of money the bonds turn into equity, in other words instead | :18:17. | :18:20. | |
of the bank owing you money, you end up owning a little bit of the bank | :18:21. | :18:25. | |
instead. That helps the bank because it no longer owes money, and its | :18:26. | :18:30. | |
balance sheet looks stronger. But the investor is probably not getting | :18:31. | :18:34. | |
such a good deal, receiving volatile shares instead of a predictable | :18:35. | :18:38. | |
fixed income. That's why Coco Bonds have to pay a higher rate of | :18:39. | :18:42. | |
interest than normal ones. Plenty of people simply don't want them. The | :18:43. | :18:46. | |
more nervous people are about a bank, the less people once it's CoCo | :18:47. | :18:53. | |
bonds, and the cheaper they become. That's why the cost of CoCo is good | :18:54. | :18:57. | |
at risking how dodgy a company looks. Today the value of Deutsche | :18:58. | :19:01. | |
Bank's CoCo bonds slipped to an all-time long. CoCo nominally worth | :19:02. | :19:10. | |
100 cents now trading for than 70. It does suggest nervousness. If we | :19:11. | :19:15. | |
see a feud is of stabilisation, if we see a quick resolution. Obviously | :19:16. | :19:19. | |
we have the US elections coming up and Angela Merkel has enough on her | :19:20. | :19:23. | |
plate so there will be an appetite to get this resolved as quickly as | :19:24. | :19:27. | |
possible and you will see an improvement on the CoCo quite apart | :19:28. | :19:30. | |
from the share price itself. This all matters because the tentacles of | :19:31. | :19:35. | |
Deutsche Bank stretch far. It manages assets of ?1.5 trillion. | :19:36. | :19:39. | |
It's got the world's biggest portfolio of derivatives with a | :19:40. | :19:43. | |
notional value of, wait for it, ?46 trillion. The word is | :19:44. | :19:48. | |
interconnectivity. If the global bank like this comes and stringed, | :19:49. | :19:53. | |
the whole world starts worrying. This is the London headquarters of | :19:54. | :19:57. | |
Deutsche Bank and it employs 9000 people in the UK. Out of a global | :19:58. | :20:02. | |
workforce of over 100,000. This is one of the big beasts of banking. | :20:03. | :20:06. | |
Although it's also pretty controversial. The IMF says Deutsche | :20:07. | :20:10. | |
Bank is one of the biggest contributed to global risk in | :20:11. | :20:14. | |
banking. It's got a monstrous problem as well from the states, | :20:15. | :20:19. | |
that $14 billion fine. Deutsche Bank says that fine is preposterous. | :20:20. | :20:24. | |
Although it set aside about 5.5 billion euros to pay for legal | :20:25. | :20:28. | |
costs. If they have to find more money they will have to find it on | :20:29. | :20:33. | |
the capital markets. Tonight a senior figure here has told me that | :20:34. | :20:37. | |
it is categorically off the table that it would approach the German | :20:38. | :20:42. | |
government for that money. Deutsche is responding. It's just sold its | :20:43. | :20:47. | |
Abbey life-insurance business to calm investors. A year ago it sacked | :20:48. | :20:51. | |
Chief executives and now behind-the-scenes I'm told it | :20:52. | :20:53. | |
started a major re-shattering problem. But the board is reluctant | :20:54. | :20:59. | |
to shrink or get rid of its investment banking arm. Some think | :21:00. | :21:02. | |
it needs a profound shake-up. I don't think it is a viable | :21:03. | :21:07. | |
institution in its present form fundamentally. This problem has been | :21:08. | :21:13. | |
waiting to emerge, I was going to say since the global financial | :21:14. | :21:17. | |
crisis, but actually before that. What we have effectively is a very | :21:18. | :21:21. | |
large hedge fund associated with a large German retail and commercial | :21:22. | :21:27. | |
bank. And that doesn't make sense. Tonight sources in both Germany and | :21:28. | :21:31. | |
America say a deal is being negotiated, and the fine will be | :21:32. | :21:35. | |
much less than $14 billion. What it will still be large enough to hurt, | :21:36. | :21:38. | |
and to show that our biggest banks remain vulnerable. Adam Parsons. | :21:39. | :21:44. | |
One of the cultural highlights of the autumn | :21:45. | :21:47. | |
is an edge-of-the-seat tale inspired by medieval manuscripts. | :21:48. | :21:49. | |
No, not the latest Dan Brown thriller 'Inferno," but a true story | :21:50. | :21:53. | |
written by a librarian at Cambridge University. | :21:54. | :21:56. | |
Christopher de Hamel has turned a lifelong obsession with ancient | :21:57. | :22:00. | |
literature into a book that critics are comparing to 'A History | :22:01. | :22:04. | |
of the World in 100 Objects' and 'The Hare with Amber Eyes'. | :22:05. | :22:08. | |
It tells the dramatic and often bloody story of a dozen impossibly | :22:09. | :22:12. | |
rare early manuscripts, with a cast list including saints, | :22:13. | :22:14. | |
Casting his eye over these precious pages is our own tabula | :22:15. | :22:21. | |
It's made of animal skin and it's got words, it can talk. | :22:22. | :22:40. | |
As you turn the page, the light catches the burnished | :22:41. | :22:43. | |
Come with us into the Parker Library, Cambridge. | :22:44. | :23:03. | |
And the capital world of Christopher de Hamel. | :23:04. | :23:06. | |
Everything is illuminated, or will be, presently. | :23:07. | :23:11. | |
No elephant had been to England since Roman times. | :23:12. | :23:18. | |
This is the earliest picture of an elephant drawn | :23:19. | :23:20. | |
It was brought over here in 1255, sent over by Louis IX, Saint Louis, | :23:21. | :23:27. | |
and Matthew Parris came down and drew on site. | :23:28. | :23:31. | |
They fed it on meat and wine and it died two years later. | :23:32. | :23:34. | |
De Hamel has been fascinated by ancient manuscripts | :23:35. | :23:49. | |
He spent his entire working life surrounded by them. | :23:50. | :24:09. | |
Now he's told the colourful and often blood stained story | :24:10. | :24:11. | |
I want to know everything about the manuscript. | :24:12. | :24:14. | |
First the text, what it actually says, that is one thing. | :24:15. | :24:17. | |
What I want to know who made the book and when and where and how | :24:18. | :24:20. | |
and why, how long it took and what it cost. | :24:21. | :24:23. | |
Where the paints come from and why they painted or why they didn't | :24:24. | :24:26. | |
Why they copied it, what they copied it from. | :24:27. | :24:29. | |
How it survived, where it's been since the Middle Ages. | :24:30. | :24:32. | |
There is no limit to what I want to know about a book. | :24:33. | :24:38. | |
I've never actually licked a manuscript but I bet they've got | :24:39. | :24:41. | |
a wonderful, they probably have a wonderful taste. | :24:42. | :24:43. | |
In a mountain cave, Goering's secret treasure trove was located | :24:44. | :24:45. | |
One of the treasures that Goering plundered | :24:46. | :24:48. | |
was a medieval book of hours, or prayer book, which had once | :24:49. | :24:50. | |
But it seems it was separated from other Nazi loot | :24:51. | :24:55. | |
A French soldier stood on it and handed it into a monastery where | :24:56. | :25:02. | |
You can turn the pages, you turn them, you are face-to-face | :25:03. | :25:06. | |
with something that a thousand years old. | :25:07. | :25:10. | |
They are a combination of art and literature and history | :25:11. | :25:13. | |
The most prized possessions of the Parker Library include the 1400 | :25:14. | :25:40. | |
year old Saint Augustin Gospels, which de Hamel takes | :25:41. | :25:42. | |
to Canterbury Cathedral under strict security when a new Archbishop | :25:43. | :25:44. | |
This kind of parchment on these very, very early manuscript | :25:45. | :25:48. | |
And I can explain this entirely in terms of physics, | :25:49. | :25:58. | |
but walking into the cathedral, holding the book open with this | :25:59. | :26:04. | |
very, very tissue fine parchment, and 5000 people. | :26:05. | :26:06. | |
Singing with those deep organs, the pages vibrated. | :26:07. | :26:13. | |
It was as if the book was humming in time with the music. | :26:14. | :26:19. | |
And it was, if I was open to a miraculous experience, I would | :26:20. | :26:22. | |
In Inferno, Dan Brown and team spin a modern tale of text | :26:23. | :26:31. | |
Something not entirely dissimilar happened in the early days | :26:32. | :26:37. | |
Created by Archbishop Parker, he was appointed by Elisabeth | :26:38. | :26:45. | |
the first to sell the Protestant Reformation to the country. | :26:46. | :26:47. | |
He has to convince all of middle England about this | :26:48. | :26:53. | |
It was not new, but was just the English way of doing things. | :26:54. | :27:05. | |
And with all the things, the Bible in English, | :27:06. | :27:08. | |
married priests and all those things, very controversial | :27:09. | :27:10. | |
He believed, had existed in Anglo-Saxon England, | :27:11. | :27:18. | |
therefore he gets licence from the Privy Council Office | :27:19. | :27:20. | |
effectively, to help himself, just to take into his own possession | :27:21. | :27:23. | |
So it was a kind of dodgy dossier to some extent, | :27:24. | :27:27. | |
could we call it that, the fruit of his labour? | :27:28. | :27:29. | |
Every historian, whatever you are writing you will go | :27:30. | :27:35. | |
through the historical material and pick out what seems to tell | :27:36. | :27:40. | |
the narrative that you want, or tells the story that you want. | :27:41. | :27:43. | |
Manuscripts are enchanting and full of interest, | :27:44. | :27:44. | |
Because everything has been copied pretty much, | :27:45. | :27:54. | |
And in any case the ordinary person can't have access to them | :27:55. | :27:59. | |
We all know what the Taj Mahal or pyramids look like, | :28:00. | :28:03. | |
And the thrill of standing in front of the pyramids of the Taj Mahal, | :28:04. | :28:11. | |
where incidentally I've never been, but would love to, there is that | :28:12. | :28:13. | |
sense of, there is one of the great icons of our civilisation. | :28:14. | :28:17. | |
You have wonderful fun in some library peering at the | :28:18. | :28:31. | |
manuscript and discovering things no one knew. | :28:32. | :28:32. | |
It was the most technologically advanced space adventure yet. | :28:33. | :28:42. | |
A mission almost beyond imagination, to survey and land a probe | :28:43. | :28:45. | |
on an asteroid moving at 84,000 miles per hour. | :28:46. | :28:51. | |
The prize - clues to the origins of the universe and a haul of data | :28:52. | :28:55. | |
which will take scientists years to process. | :28:56. | :28:56. | |
Today the Rosetta probe descended to its final resting | :28:57. | :28:59. | |
place on that asteroid, a monument to human endeavour | :29:00. | :29:01. | |
which may even outlive life on our own planet. | :29:02. | :29:03. | |
Here's a look back on 12 years of the project. | :29:04. | :29:05. | |
# That you wake one day in your own world. | :29:06. | :29:37. | |
# They don't hear cries in your own world. | :29:38. | :29:54. | |
# Only time will tell, if you can break the spell. | :29:55. | :29:59. | |
Good evening. The weekend looking a little mixed on the weather front, | :30:00. | :30:38. | |
Saturday will bring showers, everyone's across southern Britain, | :30:39. | :30:42. | |
perhaps Hale and thunder. The north | :30:43. | :30:43. |