23/01/2018 Newsnight

Is this the most grotesquely sexist

charity event anywhere?

The business dinner where

some of the rich guests

grope hostesses, and

an auction prize is plastic

surgery for the wife.

Stag night type shenanigans,

at the Dorchester Hotel,

raising money for Great Ormond

Street among others.

We'll hear the details of what went

on at the Presidents Club dinner

from the FT's undercover reporter

who was there.

Are we surprised that this goes on?

Should we be outraged?

Also tonight, this is

how you mine diamonds.

And this is how you mine Bitcoins.

Why are huge numbers

of supercomputers now being used

to conjure up cryptocurrency

from thin air?

Your running costs are 25% of

revenue which makes net profit 75%,

which is a very high margin.

Leaving home for the first time.

It's not always easy

being a student.

With the suicide rate rising,

should we worry more

about their mental health?

If you're paying so much and you're

kind of getting little back,

you should think that all the extra

stuff around that, all the support

and all the pastoral care that

you can get, should be

at least adequate.

Hello.

It's not how you'd expect

charities to make money.

A dinner for some top business names

at the Dorchester Hotel last

Thursday - a men only event -

at which the rich get

drunk and are then turned

on by attractive young hostesses,

who have to put up from some

of the guests with groping

and from a minority worse.

A kind of raunchy stag

night, in black tie.

We can only bring you fleeting

pictures from inside,

as the hostesses' mobile phones

were locked away beforehand.

The women also had to sign

non-disclosure agreements.

But what we have, we can report

as the Financial Times sent two

women in as hostesses,

in an undercover investigation

published tonight.

Now the event does raise money

by the way, a couple of million.

And it is an annual bash that has

been going for many years.

But in the wake of the Harvey

Weinstein revelations,

the dinner seems like a piece

of the worst of the 1980s -

or 50s even - crashing

into the modern era.

Is this the night that

unreconstructed attitudes

in the city and at the top level

of business are exposed?

Our business editor,

Helen Thomas, reports.

A 5-star London location. The guest

list scattered with big names and

big wallets. And innocuous billing,

the President's club charity dinner.

This was a charity auction like no

other. Last week, according to the

Financial Times, 360 men from

British business, politics and

finance came to a black-tie event

here. 360 men but no women except

they were joined by 130 hostesses.

Young women, reportedly chosen for

their looks, who are given short,

tight dresses to wear. The women,

who were paid £150, were paraded in

and distributed around the table.

Later in the evening, the paper

says, hostesses were groped,

harassed or propositioned. The

Financial Times had two women under

cover at the event. According to

them, hostesses reported men

repeatedly putting hands up their

skirts. One said an

skirts. One said an attendee had

exposed his Venus to her. According

to the charitable trust's last set

of accounts for 2016, the Presidents

Club received donations and income

from an annual event...

And it raises a lot of money. In

2016, the charity pulled on an

income from its dinner and donations

of over £2 million. It donates to

various charities involving children

and children's health. Its chairman,

Bruce Ritchie, and businessman David

Meller, who sits on the board of

education and the Mayors fund the

London. Mr Ritchie said tonight...

The organisers are appalled by

allegations of bad behaviour. Such

behaviour is totally unacceptable.

The allegations will be investigated

fully and appropriate action taken.

The Presidents Club hostesses had

been selected by an agency. It was

compared by David Walliams. There

were tabled by WPP, property company

Frogmore. Among those listed as

attending were British business

figures like Peter Jones and Tim

Steiner was a bit is not clear if

all the men listed attended on the

night. Also the newly appointed

education minister. The founder of

artistic events said this is a

really important charity fundraising

event.

The newly appointed education

minister said he did not stay long

enough to comment on the occasion.

Others declined did not respond to

request for comment. This is an

outdated event which raises money

for good causes for that many of the

men may not have been aware of the

particular characteristics. Some

expressed dismay. Still, a secretive

men only event feels unusual in

today's modern environment.

today's modern environment. Throw in

the hostesses who reportedly had to

sign nondisclosure and agreements

and allegations of Miss behaviour

and it feels very odd indeed. Big

names and big money gives the

Presidents Club mask of

responsibility.

Helen Thomas there.

We should say that there's no

suggestion any of the men named

engaged in inappropriate behaviour.

Certainly, now we all know

about the dinner, we can expect

a debate about what it tells us.

But let's hear from the FT reporter

who acted as a hostess that night.

Earlier I spoke to Madison Marriage.

I asked her what the atmosphere was

like. Incredibly loud. Huge amount

of testosterone in the room. 130

women hired as hostesses and you

could have a drink or two on the

night.

You could have a drink on the

night.

I am not an experienced

hostess I have spoken to several who

say that is very usual.

Did they

tell you there would be some

groping? How reasonable would it be

that women expected what was going

to happen?

I was warned that people

might be annoying.

What was your

experience of the physicality?

I was

groped several times. I know

numerous other hostesses said the

same thing had happened to them. It

is hands on skirts, hands on hips,

on stomachs of arms going around

your waist unexpectedly. Not

high-level groping. One of the

strangest things you could be

talking to a man and he would

suddenly start to hold your hand.

Where you surprised by what you

found that you were told they might

be annoying and you are paid a

couple of hundred quid for this was

updated not think that is what you

would get?

This event has been

running for 33 years. We knew such

things went on which is why we

wanted to go in there and see it for

ourselves. I knew stuff like that

might happen on the night but I was

not 100% sure. There are plenty of

other women who have no idea that

was the kind of event it would be.

One woman told me that she was

shocked. She was asked if she was a

prostitute on the night.

Who were

the other women? What are the

others?

Aspiring lawyers, marketing

executives, film producers,

ambitious young women. You had the

students and you also have models,

actresses and dancers who do a lot

of hostess in work on the time to

make ends meet because their work is

not very regular.

Your behaviour was

controlled by your side of it, the

agency. For example, at the toilet.

I was followed and asked, where are

you going and when will you be back?

The quick. At three in the morning I

had done a ten hour shift and worked

in an office beforehand. I was

exhausted. Depressed but I had a

long day ahead of me on Friday.

What

was the worst you saw on that night?

Clearly there was a lot of grabbing

and groping going on.

The worst I

was told by a host Tess was a man

taking his Venus out in the course

of the dinner. The other one was

another man telling hostess to down

her glass of champagne, rip off her

knickers and dance on the table. I

cannot believe it still goes on in

dazzling 18th of it is shocking.

Eye-macro some people would say,

women go for it.

Sam go back time

after time. -- Sam go back.

Some

women find it is fun and receive job

offers. That said, I spoke to

several women... Today I spoke to a

woman who said it was the worst job

she had ever done in her life. If

you want to run an event where women

are voluntarily walking in in

knowledge they will be groped, Vine,

make that clear in the hiring

process. That was not made clear.

Many women did not have a clue what

they were letting themselves in for.

The Dorchester hotel said it had a

zero tolerance policy over groping

of any employees.

Veteran businesswoman

Nicola Horlick is the Chief

Executive of Money and Co.

She worked in senior city

jobs for many years.

Are you surprised at this? I am

seldom speechless but when I read

that article I was somewhat

speechless. I felt I was reading

about something that happened 40 or

50 years ago.

The Lap dancing

culture in which you might see this

as on that kind of spectrum.

Does

that still go one? Occasionally you

read about Christmas parties where

they have ended up in a lap dancing

club but not on the scale it used to

happen in the 80s and early 90s. I

thought we had moved on from this.

WPP, their biggest communications

company in the country have said

they will not be having any

association with this event in the

future and they did not know about

what went on. What is your

impression of the clients? How do

you think they justified to

themselves sitting in something so

obviously not? Their host says it is

the most un-PC event in the year.

What do you think about them?

I

don't know how anyone can justify

it. Can you imagine a group of women

getting together and hosting a

dinner getting some young guys

around?

You could not imagine a

Chippendales type thing on the

stage.

I don't think so but it is

highly and rightly we would organise

such a thing. It seems so weird, so

out of keeping with the present day.

The Hollywood thing a slightly

different. Hollywood is not

organised in the way that large

companies are. It does not have HR

departments. Lots of producers are

acting on their own good you can see

how that could have happened in

2017/ 18. With this site you have

major companies, highly regarded

business people. What about their

wives? What will I think now they

have seen this footage?

This has

divided viewers to women. I bet HR

departments all have very good

policies, written policies on

employment and equal pay and then

they go off and do a night like

that.

It is very hard to understand.

One of the interesting aspects is

the nondisclosure agreement. The

other thing is the contracts of the

hostesses saying the club should not

be held liable for any actions of

members, staff or attendees that

amounts to harassment. Can you say

they have no responsibility for

whatever anyone does?

You cannot

sign away your rights in a contract.

What does the city need to do now?

For a lot of people it will be a bit

of a shock. Not a shock that it was

happening, the shock that it is

happening.

A big shock. Also that it

was in aid of charity and charities

like when Tallman Street and St

Thomas 's Hospital are recipients of

this money. -- great Ormond. They

must be wondering whether their name

should be associated with it. I hope

this event will not be happening

next year. Let's put it this way. It

is 35 years since I went into the

city and I am a little bit sad that

things have not really changed that

much.

I was also interested that

some women said they got some job

offers from people.

What is going on

there? That is also quite curious.

It is a strange way to go about it.

Nowadays is it is terribly rigid.

You cannot say I met an attractive

young woman and have offered her a

PA job.

That sounds highly strange

was even graduate recruitment is

very orchestrated and it is very

hard for a senior executive did

tenor others here want this goal to

work with me.

In your junior days,

sexism was rife.

No, I was fortunate, I worked for a

bank in the City that was a

fantastic organisation, a true

meritocracy, and I was made a

director in my 20s and because I

reach that at an early age after

that people respected and

fortunately I have never been put in

that position but I am concerned

about girls put in that position at

this event.

this event.

Nicola thank you. We

have to say they're meant who did

not know what was on the agenda.

not know what was on the agenda. I

understand Nadhim Zahawi. Was

invited by David Meller, the

businessman, not the former

Conservative Cabinet minister. This

David Meller is the director of

Department for Education where

Nadhim Zahawi. Was appointed

minister. I understand they left

this event early because they felt

it was a bizarre and uncomfortable

event. It was worth pointing out he

has been to the event before. That

is before he was elected an MP in

2010 but as I understand it he felt

the event was completely different

to the event he attended last week.

I was told a senior member of David

Cameron's cabinet did attend this

event whilst they were a member of

David Cameron's cabinet. I have to

say I have not been able to verify

that.

It's been a funny old

few days in politics.

Just when Theresa May's

position was looking stable,

there was sudden backbench chatter

that she was lacking

"Dull, dull, dull", said

one, Nicholas Soames.

And then a sudden Boris

Johnson initiative -

How did his demands go down? Asking

for extra money for the NHS and then

Downing Street keen to say no member

of the Cabinet mentioned any bigger.

This was not a great day for Boris

Johnson and indeed Theresa May led

to the isolation of Boris Johnson at

this cabinet when she opened it by

saying it is an important discussion

by the NHS and we need to have these

discussions in private and we around

this Cabinet table want to be able

to spend the additional money the UK

can spend after it leaves

can spend after it leaves the EU on

the NHS but now is not the time to

do that and she was supported by

almost every member of the Cabinet

apart from Michael Gove, still there

with Boris Johnson and I understand

there was a very strong

intervention, pointed intervention,

by Amber Rudd, singling out Boris

Johnson.

What did Boris Johnson's

team said?

It would be fair to say

he is chastened this evening. He

said to his friends he was mocked

said to his friends he was mocked up

-- mucked up. His frustrations with

Brexit and the way it has been

negotiated are well known and he has

concerns about the Prime Minister's

overall timidity. But he is

admitting the Cabinet gave him a

kicking. I am told he regarded Amber

Rudd's intervention as personally

offensive but there is one silver

lining. He believes Philip Hammond's

robotic response, I gave the NHS 5

billion, means people who want in

the Conservative Party to protect

the NHS might be thinking of turning

to Boris Johnson rather than the

Chancellor.

Thank you.

Too many students are

taking their own lives,

while at university.

We know it can be hard for some

young people to cope,

a long way from home

for the first time.

And it is hard for family

and old friends to spot what's

going on from miles away.

The numbers have been rising

shockingly over the last decade.

In 2016, 146 full-time students

killed themselves in England

and Wales, almost a 60% rise over

the ten years before.

In a few moments,

we'll ask the big question -

how can universities help students

cope with the stress

of self-discovery,

and any associated confusion,

loneliness or depression?

But first, let's hear from Bristol,

a city that has experienced the pain

of several student suicides

in the last 18 months.

James Clayton has been there today.

Earlier this month, a third-year law

student studying at Bristol was

found dead. The university has said

it was a suspected suicide. In the

last 18 months, seven students are

believed to have taken their lives

at the University and the deaths

have put the spotlight on how

universities can help students with

mental-health problems. Numerous

studies have found that students are

increasingly reporting mental health

illness in further education. One

study by the Institute for Public

Policy Research found students are

at risk in a unique way, a cocktail

of stressful factors including

financial, social and academic

pressures.

There is a toxic mix of

things impacting on this generation.

That includes unrealistic

expectations they have of

themselves. This can be compounded

by the fact with the advent of

social media, students never have

any downtime, and often feeling

inadequate because what they see is

the highlights of each other's

lives.

Universities have a duty of

care towards students but what that

duty in tales is not clear.

I think

our duty of care as a university is

to be alert to the fact we have

increasing numbers of students with

additional support needs. And to aim

to support those students in order

that they are able to engage with

their studies and make the most of

their time at university and also to

recognise we are not a health

service, as the question indicates,

it can be a grey area.

The

university says it is improving

pastoral care, investing in £1

million additionally annually in a

student well-being service but not

everybody is impressed. This is the

well-being editor at the Bristol

student newspaper. Is there an

expectation students should expect

better services including mental

health services?

Definitely,

students pay so much for academic

help and get their degrees so

especially if you pay so much anger

little back, you should think the

extra staff, the support and

pastoral care should be at least

adequate. For students to feel they

have somewhere safe to go. Are they

adequate here? At Bristol, no. I do

not think... I think they recognise

things need to change but they are

scrambling after the rise in mental

health issues and it should be the

other way round.

University students

ultimately fall into a grey area.

Legally adults but often only just.

As the mental health needs of young

people are changing, some are

increasingly looking at how

universities can meet the needs of

students. The question is, how big a

role can they should they be

playing?

With me in the studio

is graduate Vivienne Isebor,

who spent months looking for mental

health support at her university.

And joining us from Bristol

is Professor Steve West,

chair of Universities UK's

Working Group on Mental Health

in Higher Education and

Vice-Chancellor of the University

of the West of England.

Your experience, you had a bad time

in your final year, and was being at

university, did it make it more

difficult than being at home?

Was it

different being a student? The fact

you are away from home, especially

staying on campus, and everybody is

busy, so even having friends on

campus does not necessarily mean

someone is checking up on you, but

the stress of deadlines and trying

to stay on top of things it is hard

to feel connected and part of

something and if you are struggling

you can fall through the net and

nobody realises.

You can retreat and

people notice you are not around as

much that they do not know something

is wrong?

You can go under the radar

and because you are busy and your

parents are not able to see.

The

number of suicides and other

mental-health problems seem to be

rising faster than student numbers.

Is there an easy answer to what is

going on or is it just diagnosis and

reporting?

I do not think it is

diagnosis and reporting, although

that is getting better. 50% of

school leavers go to university, a

massive increase in numbers coming

into universities. The social

constructs they are leaving and

going into adds pressure. I think

universities are beginning to

recognise that we need to do more

than just is what required in terms

of statutory responsibilities. We

need students to flourish and we

need to do more work.

Is it your

contention the rise is mainly just

because many more people are going

to university and you expect more to

have problems, or is there something

else going on?

There is something

else going on because what we see is

more people entering university

declaring they have mental

ill-health as they arrive at

university. As they transition into

the University through it, we see

increasing demand as they go through

the transition. They are vulnerable

young people experiencing a

continuum of ill-health as part of

their overall mental health.

Let's

talk about treatment. You knew

something was wrong and wanted help.

You had to wait ages? It was

constantly signposted. My GP

signposted me back to university and

they signposted me to a counsellor

and a signpost is me on again and it

was a cycle and when I got help it

was three months after I first went

to see the GP.

By that time, you got

help in the end, is that right?

In

the end I got CBT off-campus but it

was a referral through the

counsellor at the University.

During

those three months, how serious was

your condition?

It was pretty bad. I

was missing lectures and seminars. I

was missing deadlines. I had friends

able to help me through and get on

top of a few things but I was not

able to do my degree.

When you got

help, the waiting time was so long

you had to skip a year and do it

again?

They gave me an extension is

part of the circumstances but it was

quite squashed so I could not hit

the grade I wanted.

Professor, has

treatment kept up with student

numbers of the provision of services

with the numbers who have problems

when they arrived?

We have seen

massive increases and there is

variability in the sector. The

project we are running, the step

change project, it tries to identify

best practice in universities and

evidence -based soup to support

interventions.

What would be your

best practice?

To create an

environment where students feel

empowered to seek help, and an

entire community of staff and

students working together to support

each other. Having permission to

have conversations and to say it is

OK to not be OK is an important

step. We can start to target

resources in an appropriate way.

That has a prevention effect as much

as a curative one?

Absolutely, we

need to get to the point where we

are working with students and staff.

We all have mental health and have

periods where our mental health is

poorer in other periods. We need to

be on to work with that as well as

provide treatment with services and

charities when people are falling

into mental ill-health. There is a

continuing but we need to engage

with the entire community. To work

with schools and parents as well as

students.

Thank you both.

If you are feeling emotionally

distressed, and would like details

of organisations which offer advice

and support, go online to

bbc.co.uk/actionline.

Or you can call for free,

at any time, to hear recorded

information - 0800 066 066.

Whatever happens to the prices

of Bitcoin and its many derivatives

over the next few months,

and they've been volatile to say

the least over the lsat few,

the consensus is that the technology

underlying Bitcoin -

called blockchain -

is highly valuable.

It is the security of

the system, and it manages

the supply of Bitcoin.

And one of the clever

things about blockchain,

is that it is made to work

by a disparate set of self-appointed

custodians, called miners.

The whole brilliance of blockchain

is how it creates scarcity

and security of Bitcoin,

while managing to reward miners

for making it all hold it together.

The miners don't even have to go

underground or dirty their hands.

Our technology editor, David

Grossman, has been looking more

closely at what they do.

Lost in a cryptocurrency maze,

which is pretty fitting,

because cryptocurrencies,

like their most famous incarnation

Bitcoin, are based on extremely

complicated puzzles.

These puzzles are programmed

into the source code for Bitcoin.

Roughly every ten minutes or so,

a new puzzle is released

and computers all over the world

race to solve it.

Because the value of Bitcoin has

gone up so markedly over

the last year or so,

well, this activity has become

more and more popular.

It can be fabulously lucrative.

It's called Bitcoin mining.

Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin don't

have a central register.

Their strength comes from having

what is called a distributed ledger.

It's a blockchain.

The blocks on the blockchain contain

details of every transaction

in the currency's history.

As new transactions happen,

they have to be placed in blocks

and added to the change.

-- the chain.

A new block contains roughly 2500

new transactions and,

to validate the new block,

each one contains the answer

to the puzzle from the last block.

Success.

This is the work the Bitcoin miners

are doing and if they, like me,

succeed and solve the puzzle first,

well, their reward is 12 and a half

freshly released Bitcoin.

And then, well the whole process

starts again with a new puzzle.

The more computers and more

computing power that is actually

mining Bitcoin, the more secure

the network is from some type

of cyber attack or attempted theft.

The Bitcoin miners are also

processing the transaction,

so if I were to send a Bitcoin

to you, a miner would actually

verify that that transaction

was legitimate before it was added

to the blockchain, which is simply

a ledger of all the Bitcoin

transactions in existence.

# Working in a coal mine,

going on down, down #

Working in a coal mine,

oops about to slip down.#

So what does Bitcoin mining

actually looked like?

Well, it is taking place

through those doors.

I'm in a facility somewhere near

London, that's all I can tell you.

We're not allowed to give

its precise location.

You may be able to detect already

something about Bitcoin mining.

It's incredibly noisy and it's

about to get a whole lot noisier

when we go in there,

so we need these.

And the first thing you notice

in here is it's not only

extremely noisy, it's

extremely hot, as well.

Today's miners aren't

the grimy-faced men

of granite of the past.

Today, they have

silk pocket squares.

They produce around 100 decibels.

It is basically like a jet

getting off the ground.

Can you open it up

and we can have a look?

Absolutely, yes.

Don't show the combination!

So these are Bitcoin miners?

Vlad runs 63 mining computers.

It is like a hairdryer, isn't it?

This is, he says, a spectacularly

profitable enterprise.

But...

Of course, there is no

guarantee in anything,

even if you buy dollars or the euro,

there is no guarantee,

because the price keeps

changing - its volatility.

You can guarantee your

result in Bitcoins.

Basically you already know

the network difficulty.

You can keep track of it.

You know the performance

of the miners and you know

your running costs,

so it is quite easy to calculate

your net profit in Bitcoin.

What you don't know is the Bitcoin

exchange rate at any given time.

So you of course depend

on Bitcoin's volatility.

What is the profit

margin in an industry

like Bitcoin mining, now?

The profit margin, it doesn't really

matter where you are,

you can be in the UK,

China, Iceland and other countries.

But roughly, usually, your running

costs are about 25% of your revenue.

Which makes a net profit of around

75%, which is a very high margin.

That's why lots of

people are in it now?

Yes, I think so.

There is huge concern

about how much energy is now

being spent Bitcoin mining.

All those computers churning

away all over the world.

Estimates vary about how much

power they are using.

Some say it's as much

as Monaco uses annually.

Others say it is the same

as Ireland's annual consumption.

I think what gets missed off in this

conversation is that the costs

of other aspects of our financial

system - the mining of the metals

that go in into our coins.

The operations of payment centres

and bank branches and ATMs,

paper currency and shipping all this

around, is also consuming

a lot of electricity.

It has a pretty big

carbon footprint as well.

When you compare Bitcoin's carbon

footprint to our current financial

system's carbon footprint,

it doesn't look quite as bad.

The amount of energy used by Bitcoin

is going up and up -

partly because people are using more

and more powerful

computers for mining.

The Bitcoin algorithm actually

adjusts the difficulty

of the problem to make sure it only

gets solved every ten minutes.

As the total computing power

engaged in mining goes up,

so does the difficulty.

Nobody really expected it

would become such a big thing.

So in the beginning you just had

people mining Bitcoin

with their laptops and computers,

so it was relatively

easy to get one.

Mostly people are using Antminers,

which come from China.

They are kind of very optimised,

very powerful graphics cards,

but only can do one task.

They can only mine Bitcoins,

so you can't use them

for any other currencies,

apart from Bitcoin cash.

So which direction is this

currency going now?

The only thing we can say for sure

is the Bitcoin mines

will fall silent one day.

Bitcoin source code only allows

the creation of 21 million Bitcoin,

which, at the rate the puzzle

is being solved every ten

minutes, will hit in 2140.

What a Bitcoin will be worth next

week is hard enough to predict,

so who knows what the economics

of this cryptocurrency

will be by then?

South Africa is mourning

the death of Hugh Masekela.

He was not just one of the old guard

of anti-apartheid campaigners who,

exiled in 1990, stuck with the cause

and saw his homeland transformed.

He was also a legendary jazz

trumpeter who used his music to make

a political point.

Known as Bra Hugh in his home

country, he was 78 and died

of prostate cancer.

He'd been diagnosed in 2008,

and had been campaigning for men

to get regular check ups.

So, we thought we'd close

the programme today by hearing

British jazz saxophonist and Radio 3

presenter, Soweto Kinch -

a friend, collaborator

and admirer of Masekele -

play out with a jazz tribute to him.

But before we do, let's talk to him.

He was, I got muddled in my dates.

He was excised in 1960, all the way

through to 1990. An extraordinary

long time. He really was out of the

country. He actually managed to be a

very effective anti-apartheid

campaigner from outside.

You have to

remember there were thousands of

X-Files just like him, not just

musicians but mechanics, lawyers and

doctors who cast away from their

native land and had to make do in

Mozambique, Nigeria. One thing that

struck me in the few shows I played

with him whether of former X

with him whether of former X --

exiles who had come to remember.

The

story was he was using politically

charged music to motivate. What was

he doing?

A lot has been spoken

about his political fight and being

an agitator. In my personal

interaction with him he was calm and

charming. There was a real fire

between his eyes but an ability to

galvanise people through sometimes

Joy and celebration is quite a

revolutionary act.

I remember there

was a time when very ambivalent

attitudes towards the ANC existed in

the West and whether it was a good

force or a terrorist force. Maybe it

was that you were talking about.

Absolutely. I don't think the same

tension between terrorist and read

fight was there with people in the

diaspora. He was instrumental,

particularly in the song, Soweto

Blues, which was recorded to

commemorate what happened in 1976.

Instrumental in getting the story

out there. That is what I owe my

name to.

The musical legacy, their

musical style, how would you

characterise it?

He managed to

embody something we all strive for

as jazz musicians. It is about

finding their own voice and

articulating their own culture and

background. That is what he did. He

revolutionised the way phrasing was

done with the trumpet.

Township jazz

is the phrase. You have been to

South Africa so many times they

named the township after you.

True

story!

You are going to play for us

now. Thank you for that.

That's it then for tonight.

Emily is here tomorrow

but here to play us out

with Hugh Masekela's Grazing

in the Grass, here's Soweto Kinch.

Good night.