04/10/2016 Outside Source

Welcome to Outside Source. Welcome to the BBC News room. We begin in

Haiti. Hundreds of thousands of people have been evacuated as a

result of hurricane Matthew. I've been speaking to UNICEF in

Port-au-Prince. This was earlier at a university in

Johannesburg. There were protests over the rising costs of fees.

The IMF is saying of the world's economies are suffering because of

political uncertainty. For one day, and one day only, you

suspect, the two vice-president shall candidates, the running mates

of Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump are centre stage. They'll debate

live on TV later. We assess their credentials. Any questions you have

for Katty Kay, use hashtag BBC OS. Let's start by updating you on

hurricane Matthew. It's making its way to cubament it is already -- it

has brought torrential rain and high winds to western Haiti. There are of

course, concerns about flash floods and land slides. The BBC's Nick

Bryant is just outside of the capital, Port-au-Prince. This is his

latest report. From the early hours of this morning

hurricane Matthew has been buffeting this country. Winds of up to 140mph.

The fear is it will dump rainfall of three feet. There is already

flooding. There is worry about land slides in this mountainous area that

is denuded of trees. There's flash flooding happening already. Haiti

has so many problems already. It is suffering still from the earthquake

that hit it in 2010, which killed more tan 200,000 people. It is

suffering from a cholera outbreak as well. Public health officials fear

this will exacerbate that particular crisis. Conditions here are

atrocious. To step outside is to be drenched within a matter of seconds.

A couple of statistics on this storm. It's being reported that some

of the winds hit 145mph. That's around 170 kilometres per hour. This

is the first Category Four storm to hit Haiti since 1964. That gives you

an idea of the scale of the problem. UNICEF is one of the agencies

working to help those affected in Haiti. We got through to one of

The situation is really bad in the south. And in the far west of Haiti,

where many areas seem to be flooded, where people have lost their homes,

where homes have lost their roofs. And where trees are gone, so from

the little information that slowly coming in, there seems to be massive

damage to infrastructure and to the landscape overall. The government

has set up emergency shelter all over the country. And several

thousand people have been registered there. The problem is that many of

them didn't want to leave their homes because they were afraid that

they will lose everything. It's only over the past hours that we have

received information that they are now actually pouring into the

centres. As you may be aware just behind the outside source screen is

the BBC weather team. Matt Taylor's been explaining to me where this

hurricane goes next. It's now over open waters. It's in the water

between Haiti and also Cuba. Its land track was fairly short. The

storm retains a lot of its strength. It's over warm waters. It remains

ape Category Four storm through Cuba tonight. Still with the

life-threatening rainfall amounts. The rain will take a long time

before it eases off in Haiti. The track, it heads to Eastern Cuba

tonight. Huge disruption expected there. Large waves, damaging storm

surges too. And it could remain a Category Four storm as it heads

across the Bahamas. We have to watch that for the end of the week. It

could make landfall in Florida. Let's switch from Haiti to South

Africa. There have been violent clashes between students and police,

many of them have been taking place at the university in Johannesburg.

The protesters believe the university fees are too high and

this is preventing some black students from attending. Let me show

you a couple of videos taken by people who were there as this was

playing out. The first was filmed by a journalism student. No, no. That's

a policeman throwing a stun grenade. This second video shows protesters

marching. You'll see the moment when police intervene.

Just in the background of that video, you can see some of the older

buildings of the university. The university has been communicating

all the time online, putting its side of the story. It says, "We do

not have the resources to provide free education now. But we're

willing to work with students to make it happen. " The BBC's

correspondent has been at the university today. This is what he

recorded. What you have here is a stand-off between the police, who

are armed with rubber bullets, tear gas and they've already fired them,

including stun grenades to try and disperse that crowd of students. The

rule today is that students should not be damage nerg groups of no more

than 15. But look at that crowd there. Today, the decision for the

university is whether the students should continue to finish off their

studies for 2016 or close indefinitely and lose the year. The

students were here peacefully. The police started dispersing people

with stun grenades and chasing people down and arresting them. In

the morning they arrested about five students. The students are in a

retaliation mood right now. The government is actually shifting

blame to the university managers as opposed to taking responsibility.

They have been promising free education. Students need...

The students on this side are singing and chanting old

antiapartheid songs. They are demanding that there should be no

fees at all for anyone attending university. The government, on the

other side, it says it does not have enough money to do that. If it

followed the demands of the students, other areas like health

and education in primary schools and high schools would suffer. Thanks to

Milton for that. Let's turn to one element of the migrant crisis, which

we've discussed a number of times, it's the issue of which countries

take the most refugees. This has long been a potent political

argument. Amnesty international has weighed in today. It's accusing the

world's richest nations of shirking their responsibility. Let's give you

figures on this. Most of it relates to the conflict in Syria. If for

instance you look at Jordan, which is just next door, it's taken in

over 650,000 Syrian refugees, Turkey to the north, has taken in 140,000

just this year. By comparison, the UK has accepted about 8,000 Syrian

refugees since 2011 and America has taken in around 12,000. According to

the UN, no Syrian refugees have been resettled by China, Russia or any

Gulf states. Here's what amnesty international makes of that. Leaders

have failed us. We now need to have a Plan B. Our Plan B essentially is

to say that there has to be a new system of global responsibility

sharing we. Cannot expect 30 countries to - there's 200 countries

in the world, you cannot expect 30 countries of which ten of them are

bearing more than 50% of the responsibility. If we just share

this out, it's 60 to 90 countries share the responsibility, we could

be in a very different situation. It's a big problem, but it's a very

solvable problem. On the face of it, those figures

back up the arguments being made by amnesty international. There are

some who say this is more complicate than those figures suggest. This is

the response of the US Secretary of State, John Kerry. To some,

formulating the right response to refugees is as easy as putting up a

green light or a red one, they just think it's simple. In fact, the

problem, as you know, has many dimensions, related to legal

responsibilities, resources, security, safe transit, human

trafficking, gender abuse and the special needs of children.

Chancellor Merkel and other European leaders should be commended for

trying to cope with this crisis in a humane way that is respectful of the

lessons of history. Ultimately, however, the only fully satisfactory

solution to the refugee dilemma is to stop the wars, stop the conflicts

that drive people from their homes in the first place.

Now you may know if you watch on a regular basis I can access not just

all the video coming through the BBC Newsroom and the stills, but the

copy coming in from BBC journalists and also from other news agencies

and other news sources. This is from the AFP news agency saying 22

Europe-bound migrants died on Monday in an overloaded wooden boat off the

coast of Libya. That's according to an AFP photographer. A story that

this happened yesterday, but the details are only now coming in. Of

course, unfortunately, this is far from the first time we've seen boats

capsizing off the Libyan coast as they head north, normally towards

Italy, sometimes towards Greece. When we get more information on

that, of course, I'll let you knowment

I want to mention that if you want to get in touch with us, you may see

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you want us to pick up on, or questions you want answered, I'm

surrounded by journalists covering all the most important stories in

the world. I'm in a good place to get you some answers.

If a few minutes, we're going to talk about two men who perhaps

haven't had the coverage they might have expected in the last couple of

months. These are the running mates in the US presidential election. For

once, Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump will step out of the

limelight. These two step into it. Katty Kay will introduce us to these

two men in a few minutes. Here in the UK, the Health

Secretary, Jeremy Hunt, told the Conservative Party Conference he

wanted to make the NHS in England more self-sufficient by ending its

reliance on foreign doctors. He confirmed plans to train around 1500

more doctors a year from 2018 and to ask them to stay with the Health

Service for four years. We said, I said in my speech they do a

brilliant job. We want the EU nationals to stay post Brexit. The

NHS would fall over without foreign doctors. But what we want to see

over a period of time is the proportion of overseas doctors

reducing as we train up more people at home and that is because we are

the fifth largest economy in the world. We should be frankly training

all the doctors that we need and there is a worldwide shortage of

doctors, so we won't be able to rely on getting the doctors we need from

overseas in the future in the way we have in the past.

Welcome back to Outside Source. We're live in the BBC Newsroom. The

lead story is from hate why. Wind, rain and a massive storm surge has

caused flooding in coastal towns. This is the biggest hurricane in

almost a decade to pass over the country. Let's bring you the other

main stories from BBC World Service. First of all, our English radio

output, BBC World Service, has been reported that three British-born

scientists have won the Nobel Prize in physics. They discovered what the

jury called new and exotic states of matter. The work could result in

improved materials for electronics. BBC Turkish is reported that Turkey

has suspended almost 13,000 police officers for their alleged links

with the US based Muslim cleric, accused of orchestrated a coup

attempt in July, something he denies. Tens of thousands of people

have either been dismissed or suspended from government jobs since

that coup attempt. A Nigerian actress has apologised to

those she upset for by hugging and cuddling a pop star in a music

video. This has been condemned as immoral. She was even banned by the

film industry in Nigeria, popular in the north of the country, where

affectionate public contact between men and women is disapproved of.

Now here's some food for thought from the International Monetary

Fund, it says politics now presents the biggest risk to advanced

economies. The IMF's an organisation designed to promote financial

stability around the world. Today it lowered its growth forecast. Here's

one of its feeds online telling us growth will be weak for this year at

3. 3.1%. Next year 3. 4%. It says things like Brexit, also uncertainty

around the US presidential elections and rising protectionism are all

factors in this weak growth. In the words of the IMF's chief economist,

"The world economy has moved sideways." We asked Andrew Walker to

give us more detail to go with that statement. It calls the fraying of

the consensus in favour of international economic, which is

driving economic reform since the Second World War. They look at the

anti-trade agreement rhetoric that's coming up in the United States

presidential election. Donald Trump is the most vocal component of --

exponent of this, the Brexit vote, yes, although it must be said that

wasn't, didn't appear to be driven mainly by trade concerns. There are

a lot of other issues. Trade was perhaps relatively a side issue in

that. There's been a lot of, in Britain and other parts of Europe, a

bit of a backlash against international trade negotiations

with the United States. So the concern is that there might be a set

back to international trade and the IMF is worried that if that were to

be the case it would make it a lot harder for global growth to get

going and the fact they think that global growth has been so

indifferent since the aftermath of the financial crisis is one of the

reasons why these political forces have been gathering.

Let's speak to Michelle Fleury in Washington. That's where the IMF is.

If the world economy's gone side ways so far, is the IMF confident we

will start moving forwards? That is the big concern. You heard Andrew

talking about this fraying consensus, a sense of growing

anti-trade sentiment that we've seen, this rise in protectionism,

something that the IMF and those behind me are very concerned about.

When I was speaking to the fund's chief economist earlier, he talked

not just about trade, but also the sense that many people feel that

globalisation has left them behind, that more needs to be done to try

and address that economic harm. The issue of inequality, saying that

actually, as a result of that, this all poses a threat to global

prosperity and it's the politics of it all that's really making the task

so difficult. The solutions they suggest involve more action by

Central Bank, more support from Central Banks, more action by

governments, fiscal policies, but in the current climate that can prove

quite difficult. And the other thing is policies in the meantime to try

and soften the blow to those who've suffered from things like income

inequality and who've lost out because of the effects of

globalisation. There may be some people who think it's ironic for the

IMF to point out politics and political uncertainty being a

problem, when it is political itself. Can we say it is objective?

Or does it take sides in certain political debates? Well, I think it

tries to, if you like, practice whatever is the main economic

orthodoxy of the day. But when you start talking or giving advice to

specific countries, that can quickly become political, certainly in those

countries. If you think back to the financial crisis, when it came to

what bailouts were needed and how the countries should proceed with

the bail out of Greece, or when it comes to Brexit, the IMF is

disagreeing with the UK Government when it comes to the idea that

greater immigration controls do not necessarily exclude a more open

put to him, they came back and said put to him, they came back and said

look, this can limit free movement of people and that can harm growth

going forward. That the UK has benefitted from that kind of freedom

of movement, that has helped boost growth in the country. That's what

it talks about when it warns of the dangers of rising protectionism.

Thank you for explaining that to us. Michelle live with us from the IMF.

Let's talk about Google. It is stepping up the battle against

rivals like Apple. It's unveiled its own line of smartphones. They're

called pixel. The new devices represent a big push by gooing toll

make its own hard -- Google to make its own hardware. (

its own hardware. Before this event, Google promise

today was going to be their biggest product launch ever. They showed us

all the things you see down here. The one I'm most interested in is

Google's new assistant, they're calling it Google home. We designed

it to fit in your home and be beautiful anywhere in your home.

First we made it white and we made it have no buttons visible at all.

So it's really pour like a candle or a vase or something you would have

out on a cable in your home. OK Google, play the secret life of pets

4 K trailer on living room TV. This is actually incredibly difficult.

This is actually using our natural language processing to understand

what I say. It's using our machine learning to understand my intent,

then it's looking at a knowledge graph for something that matches

that. Then it's going to YouTube to find that streaming video and it's

saying, oh, what device do I stream it to, this here in the same room.

Some people are quite unnerved by having a device like this in the

home, particularly when it's associated with Google. We know the

company knows so much about us, more than most other companies out there.

This is just another way to get the company knowing more about us to

sell more advertising isn't it? Google's super committed to privacy.

This is a hot issue for me. I really, really care that this

respects people's privacy and only allows access to the information you

give it access. To the way this is built is it is listening for a hot

word and it only does speech recognition once it recognises that

hot word. If it doesn't recognise a hot word, anything that is recorded

is only stored locally and then discarded.

You can see that report online if you want to share it with somebody

else. Let's talk about the relationship between India and

China, because India has overtaken China to become the fastest growing

major economy in the world. Trade is playing a huge role in that economic

development and at the heart of that is the major international trade in

cars. We've been to just to the south of India to look into this

issue. This woman lives with her mother in

hay small town near Chennai. She grew up in a village and her father

was a farmer. After he died, it was up to her to put food on the table.

By night, she helps out in the kitchen. But by day, she's a

technician at a car factory. She leads a small team here and can't

imagine a life without this job. TRANSLATION: I would have had to

work on the farm. We would have had just enough money for our day-to-day

lives. Before I started this job, because we were poor, no-one gave us

any respect. Now, people say she's working in a big company and making

money. In fact, a lot of people ask me for jobs for their children too.

Thousands of people are employed at this plant. Each salary earned helps

keep a home running. Hundreds of cars are made here every day.

They're sold across India and nearly half of them are exported. This car

is being loaded onto a lorry from where it will be taken to the

Chennai port nearby on India's Eastern coast to be sold overseas.

Cars that are made here are sent to more than 100 countries and the West

is a big market. So a lot of the jobs in the factory depend on

exports. Like this car maker, several other foreign brands have

set up shops in Chennai. There are challenges. Inadequate

infrastructure and India's famed bureaucracy, but there are big

advantages too. India is a cost competitive country. That means

labour is relatively cheap compared to other countries and it also means

that we can get parts relatively cheap in. Other words, we can make

cars here, the total delivered cost of the vehicles more competitively

than western Europe, North America or Japan. If more factories open in

India, and it sells more to the world, the faster its economy will

grow. For many of these workers, it could be a chance to grow too, from

being the makers of cars to perhaps, someday, becoming buyers.

You're welcome to send in questions and points about the stories we're

covering. A couple on the vice-president shall debate. Katty

Kay will be live in five minutes. Use our hashtag, BBC OS. You will

see the contacts on the blue strip in front of me. Use the hash tags,

or e-mail us. Also we were talking about refugees just now. Oliver in

Lebanon says, "What about the millions being taken in, refugees

being taken in from Syria into Lebanon? I wasn't trying to show

every country. You're right, estimates of 1. 5 million are

accurate for the number of refugees taken in by Lebanon. I just

mentioned Turkey and Jordan as two examples. In the next hour, we'll

talk about this VP debate. We're going to be talking about another

development in the tension between Russia and the US over what's

happening in Aleppo. Very good evening to you. Two

tropical sigh clones to talk about today. First of all, hurricane

Matthew. It's slammed into the western-most tip of Haiti during the