18/01/2017 Outside Source

We'll begin in Washington where Barack Obama has just finished his

final press conference as president. Inevitably, he was asked about his

successor. I don't expect there is going to be you know, enormous

overlap. The British Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson warns EU

leaders not to give the UK punishment beatings over Brexit like

a World War II movie. We've had a response from the top of the EU,

Theresa May's announcement that the UK will leave the single market.

Thousands of tourists are leaving the Gambia because of an ever

worsening political crisis. In theory the new president will be

inaugurated tomorrow. It's not going to happen as the man who lost the

election is refusing to go. We'll talk to the US journalist who

campaigned to get the CIA to put millions of documents online, which

they've now done. And Frank Gardner on Donald Trump and the nuclear

codes. Barack Obama has just finished his

last press conference as president. There was plenty to discuss within

it. We'll work through the main points with the help of Katty Kay.

Here is the president talking about Russia. In my first term we

negotiated the start two treaty which has substantially reduced our

nuclear stockpiles, both Russia and the United States. I was prepared to

go further, I told President Putin I was prepared to go further. They

have been unwilling to negotiate. If President-elect Trump is able to

restart those talks in a serious way, there remains a lot of room for

our countries to reduce our stockpiles. Part of the reason we've

been successful on our nonproliferation agenda and nuclear

security agenda is because we were leading by example. I hope that

continues. Let's bring in Katty Kay from Washington. A few years ago

there was lots of talk about resetting the relationship with

Russia. Hasn't really worked out as planned, has it? No. Relations are

not good at the moment. Obama Administration officials would tell

you they are not good at the moment. People here are slightly bewildered

by what will happen next with Donald Trump and his new tone towards

Vladimir Putin. I've heard two messages from the Obama

Administration people, one is what the president was saying. We can and

have worked with Russia on certain issues, the Iran nuclear deal for

example. We cooperated with the Russians on that and got a

successful outcome. The other message to Donald Trump in

particular from the Obama people is Vladimir Putin's interest to know

not to line up with American interest that the moment and if you

think you can get them on the same page you are kidding yourself, treat

this relationship very carefully. That's effectively what you're

hearing from the president and his staff. So many elements of this

press conference to discuss. Let's hear what President Obama said as he

defended his decision which we got this time yesterday that he has

commuted Chelsea Manning's sentence for leaking documents to WikiLeaks.

Given she went to trial, that due process was carried out, that she

took responsibility for her crime, that the sentence she received was

very disproportional, disproportionate, relative to what

other leakers had received... And that she had served a significant

amount of time, that it made sense to commute, not pardon, her

sentence. Does the fact this has happened right at the end of the

Obama Presidency take the sting out of the controversy? No, there has

been a firestorm of reaction from conservatives to the commutation of

Chelsea Manning's sentence, indeed, president Obama's secretary of

defence, Ashgabat, we understand was not in favour of this, nor were

people at the Pentagon. If you commute sentences of people who

leaked classified information, you are encouraging others to do the

same thing, they think, and the president was wrong to take this

action. In the press conference Obama said I don't think anybody who

is thinking of leaking is going to look at Chelsea Manning who has

spent seven years in an American prison and think this is a piece of

cake and decide to do the same thing. He's trying to say, she

served her time, being apologetic, this is not Edward Snowden, the

sentence was disproportionate and other people will look at her and

say, actually, there was a strong punishment here. That won't satisfy

conservatives. It was inevitable Chelsea Manning would come up and

inevitable Russia would come up, and of course, inevitable, Barack Obama

was asked about Donald Trump. My working assumption is that, having

won an election opposed to a number of my initiatives on certain aspects

of my vision for where the country needs to go, it is appropriate for

him to go forward with his vision and his values. And I don't expect

there is going to be, you know, enormous overlap. Maybe a little

understatement. Katty, I know Donald Trump and Mr Obama have such

different styles but some of his supporters frustrated he's not

speaking more frankly, more pointedly about Donald Trump? I'm

not hearing that, I'm not hearing President Obama's supporters think

this is the moment, the appropriate moment for him to be massively

critical. What Obama did say in the press conferences, look, if there

are individual issues on which I really feel Donald Trump is taking

the wrong action, for example, deporting the children of illegal

immigrant is from the US, Buttler children brought here by their

parents, then I will speak out. He's not saying he's not going to say

anything, but I think is going to choose his moment carefully. This

press conference was fascinating because it really was an example of

no drama Obama and one of the most memorable moment in the press

conference was when he said, listen, I've always taught my daughter is

the only thing that is the end of the world is the end of the world.

This is not the end of the world, this is a transition of power in the

US, part of the democratic process. It's right and expected Donald Trump

will implement his own policies even if I don't agree with them. That was

the tone, quite philosophical but quite calm look at the situation in

America today. One more click to play you. This is Mr Obama talking

about the prospect of leaving office and what the future may hold. I want

to do some writing, I want to be quiet little bit, not tear myself

talk so much. I want to spend precious time with my girls. So

those are my priorities this year. This is the last press conference Mr

Obama will be holding. He's had eight years in office. He's talked

about how he has reshaped America, how he has hope he is reshaped

America. What do you think will be his lasting legacy? That's a big

question. In 90 seconds, that would be great. Listen, he's always going

to be remembered even though he perhaps didn't want to be, as

America's first black president, it's part of his biography. He will

go down as the person who stopped America falling off the financial

cliff in 2008. Proving a negative. But things could have been a lot

worse than they were. He spoke out consistently in favour, as he did

today, of gay rights and minority rights. You can quibble with how

much he has done on those issues, and there have been feeling

failings. Obamacare is not particularly popular, he didn't get

far on gun control. He leaves office with a 58% approval rating, not bad

for two term president in a very divided country. I think Americans

will look back with respect for President Obama and his time in

office, if nothing else, for the fact he was their eight years in the

fishbowl, not a single scandal out of the Obama White House. That's not

bad. You did it, I didn't doubt you would. You will be back for viewers

outside the UK after outside source. We're going to come back to America

across the hour because Donald Trump will be president in two days. We

must turn to an ever more serious situation in the Gambia because

tensions are increasing. This is a small country in West Africa and the

whole crisis stems from the presidential election last year. Two

men are at the heart of this. This is Adama Barrow. It seems unlikely

he will become Prime Minister on Thursday because because recurrent

President Jammeh doesn't accept the result. He has Parliament to extend

his term by three months. If you want a measure of how serious the

situation is, we have a number of other west African nations saying

they are ready to use military force to remove him. Senegalese forces

# # We're are already on the border.

We are ours from that deadline and there seems no prospect of a

political solution. What this has meant is that thousands of Gambians

have been fleeing, they are concerned about violence, tourists

are being evacuated. Our correspondent can bring us up to

date. Since the state of emergency was

announced on Tuesday, Gambians are fleeing anywhere they can. Crowding

onto boats and roads to neighbouring countries and rural areas. The

national assembly announced it will allow the president to stay in

office three more months. Foreign tourists some advice to leave

immediately with extra flights coming into the capital to take them

home. Things have moved quickly since the announcement and the

atmosphere in the Gambia is uncertain. Tourists are leaving, not

as they came, not as they had anticipated. In the hotel everything

was OK, yes. But now when we go from the hotel, to the airport, we see

all the people leaving. All the buses, they take all... Even the

people in Gambia they are very, very scared. It's for our family that we

go home. Behind me is the national stadium of the Gambia, the planned

venue for the inauguration on Thursday of Adama Barrow as the

country's next president. President Jammeh has declared a state of

emergency, some of the measures include the banning of large

gatherings of such proportions. It remains to be seen what will happen

here on Thursday. Yesterday the lead story was UK Prime Minister Theresa

May's speech on Brexit and her vision for it. Today the UK Foreign

Secretary Boris Johnson said this while on a visit to India... If Mr

Hollande wants to administer punishment beatings, to anybody who

chooses to escape in the manner of some sort of World War II movie, I

don't think that it is the way forward. I think actually it's not

in the interest of our friends and our partners. Diplomatic

correspondent James Landale has posted an excellent piece online,

you can get it on the Apple now. He quotes a European diplomat who says

for that clown to compare rest of the Nazis, that hurts. It'll not be

forgotten. Most of the reaction we've had today has been to do with

a speech by Theresa May. We've heard from two big beasts of the EU.

Donald Tusk, the European Council president... Yesterday's speech by

Prime Minister Theresa May proves the unified position of 27 member

states on the indivisibility of the single market was finally understood

and accepted by London. It would be good if our partners also understood

that there will be no place for pick and choose tactics in our future

negotiations. At the same time, I want to underline that we took note

of the warm and balanced words of Prime Minister May on European

integration, which we are much closer to the narrative of Winston

Churchill than President-elect Donald Trump. Next is Jean-Claude

Juncker, president of the European Commission. A fair deal is still

valid, we need the fair deal we've written, fair means equal

obligations for everyone taking part. In a kind of internal market.

We'll see this in the course of the next coming months. Must remember

the extensive background on Brexit on the BBC News website. We'll talk

about the CIA deciding to declassify 13 million documents and post them

online. We'll hear from a journalist to fall for that to happen and spent

plenty of time examining what's on these records.

A disabled man has partially won a Supreme Court case over a dispute

over a wheelchair space on a bus, drivers will have to do more to

accommodate wheelchair users. Doug Pauley from Yorkshire brought his

case after he was refused entry to a first group bus in 2012 when a

mother with a pushchair refused to move. He and his supporters say the

ruling will make a major difference. I mean, I'm aware some people won't

be pleased. It's not gone as far as some people would like. It's gone

too far for people, but in the end this is about disabled people's

right to access, to travel on the bus. And hopefully today has been at

least a step in the right direction. I feel it'll create a cultural

shift, that's what they said in court, so people will be aware of

the fact the wheelchair area for wheelchair users and they should

take priority. Our lead story comes from

Washington. In the final news conference of his presidency Barack

Obama has defended his decision to free WikiLeaks source Chelsea

Manning. We can turn to some of the main stories from BBC World Service.

From BBC Arabic the Iraqi army says it is preparing military operations

to retake western Mosul. The last part of the city which is held by

the Islamic State group. BBC Ukrainian reports a baby has been

born to a previously infertile couple in Ukraine using a new type

of 3-person IVF. Doctors used a method called pro-nuclear transfer

in what is a world first. There is a moth and Donald Trump. A new species

has been named after the President-elect. The scientist who

took this decision, a Canadian, says he was inspired by the striking

golden flakes covering the moth's head.

As I was mentioning a couple of minutes ago, about 30 million pages

of declassified documents from the US Central intelligence agency have

been released and put online. You can access them if you are minded to

and search them. They are on the CIA library website. Records include

intelligence briefings UFO sightings, psychic experiments, they

even detail how the CIA tested the celebrity psychic Uri Geller in

1973. Lots of you watching on BBC News Channel will know of him very

well. One test is a person would draw a picture in one room, such as

this, then Uri Geller would draw a picture themselves in another room.

Obviously you can see they are reasonably close. The conclusion

those behind the experiment came to was he demonstrated his paranormal

perceptual ability in a convincing and unambiguous manner. Lots of

other people have since concluded he was merely a very good magician.

That a separate discussion but the CIA spent time on the issue. It has

explained the release of these documents in terms of a commitment

to increasing the accessibility of declassified records to the public.

It also follows a long campaign for this to happen and Mike Best is a

journalist who has been involved in that and joins us from the US. Do

you applaud what the CIA has done? I'm glad they finally followed

through and made the documents available to everyone. Unfortunately

they also decided to make the document is no longer text

searchable so it is a bit of a mixed bag. Why do you think they have

published these documents? Do you buy the argument it is a commitment

to greater transparency? I'm quite sceptical of that. They had to be

sued into agreeing to release it in the first place, they said it would

take 28 years. Eventually they were forced out to say it would take six

years. It was only after I began using their own ink and paper to

print out the documents and scan them that they went ahead and

decided, we're going to go ahead and released them. It'll save us time

and money. We're quite pleased the digital copies are finally available

to people everywhere. What did these documents have in common? What

connects them? Its millions of pages, about 775,000 documents. What

connects them is the Central intelligence agency. They are all

into five years or older. That is the declassification review cycle.

You spent all this time campaigning to see them, now you can see them in

more detail than before. Have you discovered things you didn't imagine

you would see? Fortunately I'm more familiar with

them than most people are but there are quite a few surprises in there

and things relevant to almost anyone's interest. If it's anything

at all historical belated, genealogist and scientists will be

interested, as will cartographers. Not just military and national

intelligence history. Can you give one example of something you found

of particular interest to you? There was one CIA memo which accused the

NSA director and secretary of defence of creating the CSS,

military branch of the NSA, to "Be an abortion". It put into the

context of declassified NSA documents gives the strong

impression the whole section was sabotaged so the NSA director would

get a promotion. It's based off the CIA memo making that accusation is a

high level. This huge cache of declassified documents posted online

by the CIA, if you can see it, you can find it on the CIA library

website. We are two days away from the presidency of Donald Trump and

on trade we've heard some very clear pointers of what is to come. Wilbur

Ross has been taking questions at his confirmation hearing and

inevitably he was asked about the free trade deal between Mexico,

Canada and the US, that Donald Trump really doesn't like. Here is the

answer we heard. President-elect has made no secret in his public

remarks, nor have I in earlier remarks, during the campaign. That

Nafta is logically the first thing for us to deal with. We ought to

solidify relationships in the best way we can in our own territory

before we go off to other jurisdictions. I think that should

be and hopefully will be, if I'm confirmed, a very very early topic

in this administration. Michelle, in New York, what are the

practicalities of America renegotiating all exiting Nafta?

I've been talking to various trade experts and on the point of law, can

President Trump repeal Nafta, the answer is yes. We're starting to

hear the globe and mail in Canada is reporting Mr Ross has told the

Canadian government already in a formal letter to start negotiations

with Canada and Mexico would be sent within days of the start of the new

administration. At its heart what this deal does essentially mean the

three countries can trade easily with each other without having to

worry about tariffs. What you're talking about is a renegotiation of

the trade deal, starting from scratch again, going through list by

list, which rules do you want to keep, which do you want to

renegotiate? It's usually a lengthy process, but that has been Donald

Trump's message all along, he wants to rip up existing trade deals he

doesn't think are particularly good for the United States. It's a

message that has certainly resonated in some states that helped him carry

the election, notably Pennsylvania and Ohio. We'll be watching the

story closely. That's Michelle in New York. This is a tweet from a way

that during the presidential campaign from Hillary Clinton,...

It didn't scare everyone because enough Americans voted for him.

He'll be the new president. Inside that briefcase is everything the

President of the United States needs to set a nuclear strike in motion.

On Friday the briefcase will be passed to Donald Trump. Frank

Gardner has been looking at the practical measures that have to

happen for a nuclear strike to happen. There is a great article you

can find online now. Frank has been an outside source tatami what he

found. The way it works in the US is on Friday, inauguration day, there

will be an unnamed military aid official week you and I have never

seen before and will never see again, it will appear at the side of

President Obama with a briefcase, the nuclear football. There are the

launch codes and predesignated menus, they are called, for target

sets, should the unthinkable happen. He or she will never leave the

President's side. At the end of the inauguration, after the oath, that

aid will be beside the future President Trump. The briefing will

already have taken place so President-elect Trump by then will

already know what he has to do. They raise an authentication card called

the biscuit, three inches by five injured, the president will have to

authenticate himself. He doesn't carry out the order himself and he

gives it and gives it to the Secretary of State for Defence,

which will be General James Mathis. A lot depends on the circumstances.

If carrying out nuclear strike was a long-term measure policy a lot of

people would be involved but if there is imminent threat to the US

is has told Frank the president has extraordinary latitude to take the

sole decision to launch. You can find on the BBC News app. I'll be

back with you in a few minutes time. See you then.

In the next half an hour Helen Willetts will get her thoughts on

developments back home with the weather for the week