06/07/2017 Outside Source

Hello, I'm Ros Atkins, this is Outside Source.

Live in hamburger. Night has fallen by the helicopters are in the sky,

keeping an eye on protesters and clashes that we knows protesters and

police. Donald Trump has arrived. He came in from Warsaw Way gave a major

speech earlier in which he praised Parliament adhesive lead but had a

warning about the threats -- praised Poland.

The fundamental question of our time is whether the West has

All eyes will be on the Trump-Merkel relationship as the two

most powerful leaders of the western world.

They don't agree on much at the moment. They met earlier, though. We

will also talk about climate change, which will dominate this summit. We

are looking to see how Donald Trump's decision to take America out

of the Paris climate change agreement will impact on the

conclusion straw. Thousands of people have been out on the streets

and there have been clashes with riot police. Lucky the an eye on

that as it develops as well and lots of you are sending questions so

please keep those coming. We will bring our two experts back in a

couple of minutes time to get them responding to the points you are

raising. I should probably explain something

for those of you just joining me. Jamie in Birmingham watching on the

BBC News Channel asked if I am on a beach. I'm not on a beach but there

is sand under my feet and there are palm trees all around and deckchairs

because slightly incongruously we are spending today at a beach bar in

Hamburg because we can cover the port, one of the biggest ports in

Europe and also the protest that have been taking place very close to

his has been a useful place to place ourselves but also slightly odd to

be covering one of the most important international summits for

years surrounded by people drinking cocktails and sitting in deckchairs

but there we go. Now, let's talk about one of the most important

elements of this summit, climate change, because there are going to

be many discussions around climate change and how the world tackles it,

the way the Paris agreement fit into it and if every one of those

discussions will be in the context of what Donald Trump said in June.

The Paris climate accord is the latest example of Washington

entering into an agreement that disadvantages the United States. To

the exclusive benefit of other countries. Leading American workers,

who I love, and taxpayers to absorb the cost in terms of lost jobs,

lower wages, shuttered factories and partly diminished economic

production. That decision puts the USA in

the company of Syria and Nicaragua - as you can see from this map,

they're the only other two countries in the world not to have

signed the agreement. That announcement from Donald Trump

caused outrage all around the world. It certainly did in Germany. Angela

Merkel expressed her displeasure may times. She did so last week.

TRANSLATION: The European Union and conditionally stands by the

agreement in Paris and will increment it rapidly and decisively.

Since the American decision to leave the Paris climate agreement, we are

more determined than ever to make a success. We cannot and will not wait

for the scientific evidence to convince every last doubter. The

Paris agreement is irreversible and cannot be renegotiated.

A quick reminder of what the Paris climate deal actually does.

Signing it means a country has pledged to keep global temperatures

"well below" 2.0 Celsius above pre-industrial times

In fact, the ambition is rigidly low that and the long-term ambition is

for to be 1.5 Celsius below preindustrial levels -- above

preindustrial levels. Each country's contribution

to cutting emissions will be There is also a commitment to

climate finance, jargon for richer countries supporting developing

countries to take on climate change without losing out economically. I

have speaking the love been speaking to a specialist on climate change

and the G20. What will happen in the G20, we know

what trouble do but what is more important is to see how other

countries will react. We know where Europe is an Japan is but will the

other 19 countries pull together, reconfirm Paris and then do more,

step forward to actually pledge to reform part of their economy to

deliver on Paris. The first thing we are looking for is not humiliating

or isolating the US but leaving the US to one side and the other 19

pledging to take Paris forward. Given that the second biggest

committees stepping away from Paris, what's that likely to mean for the

impact that the global effort can have on reducing emissions? Well,

luckily the federal government in America is not in charge of most

American emissions, a's the states in America who control a lot of the

levers around what power stations to build, how efficient to make houses,

what cars to drive, so for the moment the US withdrawing road make

a big difference in the real economy, it's more of a political

impact. Interestingly we have seen India start to say we're not going

to burn coal, we're not like Trump, they are going to move to use solar

power and committed to having electric only vehicle since 2020

soap since Trump's announced and we have seen the big emitters like

India and China as well recommitting to more clean energy. The simple

fact is they are big energy importers, they'd want be dependent

on the Middle East or energy imports and maybe there is money to be made

in clean technology. They may not have oil at home but they can solar

panels and wind farms and that is an economic advantage. Told me about

your aspirations for the G20, realistically what are you helping

two hoping to hear in those press conferences on Saturday? We can be

looking carefully at whether the G20 seriously agree to take board

implement in Paris in their economies. Paris is about climate,

the G20 is about economies are we want to see every country say we're

going to have an economic plan to make our economy is carbon zero,

cutting fossil fuels, gives subsidies and put a timetable on

that. Moving money out of dirty fuels and into clean fuels and a big

report came out just before the summit saying that more companies

should disclose how much carbon they use an explosion to climate change

so investors can decide where to put their money based on real evidence.

We know Donald Trump and Angela Merkel do not agree on climate

change and everyone is fascinated to see how the dynamic between them

plays out at this G20 summit. Let's look at their relationship.

Here are a couple of takes - @gksteinhauser Gabriele Steinhauser,

Wall Street Journal "Can Merkel manage the 'axis of testosterone'

as Trump, Putin Erdogan descend on Germany?"

This is a Tweet from the World Economic Forum's official account.

@Wef "At this year's #G20 summit, it's Trump against the world."

On a number of key issues Mr Trump and Angela Merkel do not agree.

Let's look at some of them. Here they are on immigration.

We recognise that immigration security as national security. We

must protect our citizens from those who seek to spread terrorism,

extremism and violence. TRANSLATION: Migration, integration has to be

worked on, traffickers had to be stopped but this has to be done by

looking at the refugees as well, giving them opportunities to shape

their own lives where they are. As Eric Reguly of the Globe and Mail

puts it "@ereguly The Trump vs. Merkel smackdown: Whose trade vision

will triumph at the G20?" They have quite different views of

globalisation and free trade as you will see.

TRANSLATION: Open markets and free, fair, sustainable and inclusive

trade as a key focus of our G20 presidency. Ultimately, it is for

the benefit of everybody, so it is internationally orientated but in

the best sense it is also domestic politics with people in each

country. It is going to be only America first. America first. We

will follow two simple rules. By American and higher American. One of

the interesting consequences of Donald Trump scuppering the

transpacific partnership, which was a big free trade deal being worked

on for Pacific nations, has meant Japan has increased its efforts to

close a free-trade deal with the European Union and today we saw

handshakes in Brussels and an outline of how that free-trade

agreement is going to work. When this goes through, 90% of trade

between Japan and the EU will be liberalised, there will be very few

tariffs or obstacles placed to trade between Japan and the EU and that's

interesting because there have been a lot of questions asked like this

one, does Trump's election spell globalisation's end. Lots of

questions about the impact Donald Trump would have globalisation. Go

back a few romp two months -- go back a few months, the paralysed

Asian of globalisation fears. What has been interesting in Hamburg is

in their different ways Donald Trump, Angela Merkel and those

protesters all agree that globalisation is not properly

working, they just don't agree on what to do about it.

I sat down with Amrita Narlika, the President of the GIGA

German Institute of Global and Area Studies, and asked her why

the current form of globalisation didn't seem to be working.

There are two problems. One, it is true that all of globalisation has

generated a great many benefits for countries in aggregate, there has

been a real problem in terms of making sure that those gains seats

down to every level of society and some state do this better than

others, it depends on particular social contract in place. I'll is

living there is a second problem, which is that academics,

international organisations have not done a good job in explaining to

people what have been those gains of globalisation and I think we saw

this in the case of Brexit as well, that the Brexit campaign was very

loud and it seemed to drown out the remaining campaign and the remain

people did not do a good job in explaining what is it that Britain

ready gets out of the line to European Union. I think it's a

similar problem globalisation. So cutting that the current form is not

working, what would you do instead? I would say one of the things is all

the leaders of the G20 really need to take into account and reconsider

what global countries are willing to provide, they themselves but also

other members of the international community. It will not be just free

trade as we knew it perhaps. It might look like a different form of

free trade or is it the security of food sovereignty? Then, they need to

bring in the marginalised many in the processed. This means countries

that feel they have been excluded from decision-making since the

Second World War. So not only about the G20 and people within countries

so that includes people who feel marginalised in developed countries

and developing countries and then no matter how we renegotiate

globalisation, and try and come with a fairer form, it is going to be

impossible to do this without making sure that there is enough space in

the international framework of rules that allows countries to take

measures that can redistribute the benefits of globalisation and this

will vary from country to country, so it cannot be imposed from the

top. But you are advocating more free-trade or different free-trade

but how can you possibly do that when the world's most powerful

country is led by a man who has profound reservations about free

trade was yellow American one by being American first in the last 70

years. America did a good job at being a hegemony and leading the

world fly-tipping trade a zero sum game. I think there are many many

areas -- leading the world so I don't think trade is a zero sum

game. Few be have responded to an

interview I did with a protester who agree to talk to me as long as I

didn't identify him. Someone saying, a man in Hamburg wants to remain

anonymous and you more or less show him. Banks of that message. We

discussed at length the extent to which we would show him, he knew we

would not show his name, but the way we portrayed him was agreed with

him. We have not decided after the event at how we would do it and on

that same interview I spotted this, saying you forgot to ask the

protesters what they think about violence and what level of violence

is acceptable. I then interesting point. I did talk about that with

one protester, I said are you concerned it will turn violent and

he said the police from violence, they provoke it. I said,

nonetheless, I can send some protesters will seek out violence

and he said, Haverty is violence. He was very reluctant to condemn the

use of violence by any of the protesters on the streets. -- he

said poverty is violence. I have had those conversations and thank you

for raising that issue. Keep those questions coming whether on the

protests here at the G20 or the summit more generally.

In a couple of bits we will talk about Vladimir Putin the cost

tomorrow for the first time Donald Trump and Vladimir Putin will come

face to face. They will take part in what is Corby family photo in the

morning and they have own meeting in the afternoon and the whole world is

watching -- take part in what is called the family photo in the

morning. It's the planet closest to the Sun -

with temperatures as high as four That's the challenge European

and Japanese scientists face as they unveiled a space mission

to Mercury, due to launch next year. Our science correspondent

Rebecca Morelle has more. A mysterious world, Mercury

is the smallest planet in our solar system,

and the closest to the sun. Covered in craters, towering cliffs

and ancient volcanoes, until now, A major new mission

is set to change that. This is the spacecraft

cold Becky Columbo, This is the spacecraft

called Becky Columbo, It has taken nearly

a decade to build. It is only when you get up close

that you really get a sense of the size of this huge

piece of kit. And this is a spacecraft built

to withstand extremes. To get to Mercury, it has

to travel towards the sun, and that means dealing with intense

radiation and heat. On the surface of Mercury,

temperatures can reach 450 Celsius, Its launch will take

place next year. This is probably one of the most

challenging missions It is the long journey to get

there and we have to deal with heat But Mercury is a tiny,

enigmatic little world, which has so much to tell us

about the formation The journey will take seven years,

arriving at Mercury in 2025. Once it's there, the engine

will be jettisoned, and two They will work together to give

us our best ever be. They will work together to give

us our best ever view. We'll see its features

in incredible detail, and peer inside to solve the mystery

of what lies at Mercury's core. This is the instrument we built

at the University of Leicester. British scientists have developed

x-ray cameras for this mission. We are going to be the first people

on the planet to see this data We'll be the first people to see

x-ray images of Mercury's surface, which is going to tell us

about what the surface is made of, and it's going

to revolutionise our understanding. The spacecraft will soon be packed

up, ready for its long journey. And while it will be sometime before

we get the first results back, This is Outside Source live

from Hamburg where leaders from the worlds biggest countries

are gathering for the G20 summit. I know all international summits are

not riveting and necessarily what we all want to follow minute by minute

but this one matters more than any have done in recent years. They

could set the agenda for how the world takes on its most pressing

challenges for years to come. Two people right at the centre of those

discussions are Angela Merkel and Donald Trump, who have already met

here in Hamburg before the formal beginning of the summit and their

differences and how those differences are managed will be

central to whatever evolves on Saturday afternoon here in Hamburg.

Meanwhile, the expected, there has been a big process the macro protest

here in Hamburg. For the most part it was peace but there have been

violent and we know police have used pepper spray and water cannon. Now,

the meeting between Donald Trump and Vladimir Putin on Friday afternoon

was always going to be widely anticipated. Primarily because of

those allegations that Russia medals in the US election and those

allegations and suspicions that there may have been collusion

between Russia and Donald Trump's presidential campaign. It was all is

going to be a spicy affair but then Donald Trump said this in a major

speech in Warsaw earlier. We urge Russia to seize its to

stabilising activities in Ukraine and elsewhere and its support for

hostile regimes including Syria and Iran and instead to enjoy the

community of responsible nations in our fight against common enemies and

a defence of civilisation itself. Two journalists here in Hamburg have

been helping us with the issues and first of all that's talk about this

dollar Trump and Putin meeting. There's a lot of anticipation but

sometimes leaders dead with get to the subjects we would like them to

talk about. I think it's hard to predict with those two world leaders

what they will talk about and how they will react. It is hard to

predict because they are two unpredictable people so I can't say

anything. Even the body-line which will be interesting. Indeed. There

is a lot of concern about this meeting because of trebles behaviour

when he met with the Russian ambassador. I should explain to

those of you watching the reason there is a huge helicopter is there

had been helicopters all afternoon, right above us, I suspect it is not

paying us attention but pay attention to the protests happening

not far away from us but I hope you can hear us their cables up let's

get some of the questions we are getting here. Sampson asks how much

does it cost to host the G20 and is it the city that fits the bill or

the country? The exact costs have not been determined yet but the

German government has an hundred and 50 million euros and for security

only. A lot of other costs, we only know when the summit is over.

There's also the issue of the perceived cost because the

protesters are demonstrating against the level of wealth and there is the

appearance of overdoing it or staying in big hotels, the

helicopters we have seen in the air today. We should also make the point

that all the hotels, the taxi drivers it is good news but business

are about to shut and they will lose out because of that. Carol was

watching earlier, talking about the preparation done in advance of G20

summits and she would like you to explain that a bit more. Now

discussing the key points and tomorrow morning they come to the

head of states to discuss the result of the two days of discussion and

tomorrow the head of states will discuss these points and tomorrow

when all the head of states are there listening to the concert

people come together and try to make final declarations on the G20 so the

early morning Saturday they will have the final declaration ready to

get things together and get the agreement for the head of state. Why

should Africans care? I suspect there will be people watching us in

some countries not represented thinking, this very fair, we're not

even invited to take part. South Africa is. That's true. They are not

part of G20 but they are here as representatives of African unions.

Africans should care or do care because this is about there not

being part of the story that is what a lot of the demonstrations are

about. One question saying he was under the most pressure, lots of

important people here, he was feeling it? Angela Merkel force or

-- Angela Merkel for sure. Emmanuel Macron is under pressure as well.

Emmanuel Macron but also Donald Trump. To risk having 19 countries

against you and being lonely, I'm not sure whether that is his

favoured position so pressure for him, too. Thank you for helping us,

we appreciated. One more question, Jack says, no, Matthew says what

about the free trade deal between the EU and Japan, where does the UK

fit into that because Brexit? Any deal cut by the EU at the moment

affects the UK because the UK is in the EU but when the Brexit happens,

and the UK leads, it will then have two set about cutting its own deals

because anything the European Union has initiated will not apply to the

UK. Thank you for all of your questions. It has been a hugely busy

day here in Hamburg and the summit has not even formally begun. That

will happen around ATM tomorrow when the leaders make their formal

arrival. You will see full coverage of that from BBC news and I will be

with you throughout the day. Goodbye.