15/02/2018 Outside Source

America's agony - again -

as 17 students and teachers

are killed in the 18th school

shooting in the US this year.

He ran up and down the hallway -

just banging and shooting

at the classrooms -

he shot through my door.

Nikolas Cruz was arrested

after going on the run.

President Trump today pledged

to make schools safer.

No child, no teacher should ever be

in danger in an American school.

All change in South Africa -

Cyril Ramaphosa says one

of his priorities as new president

will be to fight corruption.

A staggering statistic -

one in six children now

lives in a conflict zone,

says Save the Children.

We ask the charity what this means

for the children now -

and in the future.

The United States is reeling

from its third deadliest school

shooting in modern history.

This is 19-year-old Nikolas Cruz.

He has been identified as the gunman

and charged with seventeen counts

of premeditated murder.

It happened in Parkland in Florida

at Marjory Stoneman

Douglas High School -

the school Nikolas Cruz

used to attend.

This is the 18th school shooting

in America this year alone.

And each time the question of how

this could happen is asked.

Here's Florida Governor, Rick Scott.

How could this ever

happen in this country?

How could this happen in this state?

This is a state that is

focused on keeping all

of our children safe.

You come to the conclusion

this is just absolutely

pure evil.

So what do we know of the gunman?

Well, a lot comes from Nikolas

Cruz's own social media posts.

This is his Instagram page.

There are dozens of

photos of weapons and

him posing with guns and knives,

and wearing a balaclava.

We know he was expelled from

the school for disciplinary reasons.

A Math teach Jim Gard said

"we were told last year

that he wasn't allowed on campus

with a backpack on him."

But still, he wasn't high

on the police's radar.

Here's the County Sheriff.

He is in custody. We have begun to

dissect his websites and the things

on social media that he was on.

During Wednesday's Outside Source -

this shooting was still active -

we brought you the story,

but only from helicopter

aerials at that stage -

now we have have a lot more detail.

Many students had mobile phones,

and recorded and uploaded

what they were experiencing.

A warning - some

of it is disturbing.

This is a student's

video of the terrifying

moment shots rang out.

The shooting began near

the end of the school day.

The gunman set off

a fire alarm so students

would have to evacuate.

These are pictures

of students running

for their lives from the school.

It was Valentines day.

Many children were seen holding

flowers and gifts as they fled.

People barricaded themselves inside

classrooms and hid in cupboards.

Some had to wait for

more than an hour.

This is the moment officers arrived

in one classroom, and pupils

realized they were finally safe.

And here's what some of the students

who escaped had to say.

He ran up and down the hallway just

banging and shooting in to the

classrooms.

Kids were evacuating. I

heard five pops.

One of our teachers

said, run as fast as you can and I

heard a gunshot.

There were teachers

telling us to get into rooms and the

quiet.

Adding to the confusion

for authorities, Nikolas Cruz had

concealed himself among the fleeing

crowds of students

to try and escape.

He was eventually arrested

in a nearby suburb without incident.

In the last few hours we've heard

a white supremacist group say

he had ties to them.

Then there were scenes like these.

Incredible relief for

the parents who were reunited

with their children.

There were emotional scenes outside

the school and at a nearby hospital

where the wounded were taken.

We're also hearing incredible

stories of bravery.

This is Football Coach Aaron Feis.

He was killed trying

to shield students.

And the first of the student

victims have been named.

This is Jaime Guttenberg.

Her family confirmed

her death on Facebook.

Sadly, these types of

attacks are frequent.

These

are the worst shootings

in the country since 1999.

Wednesday's attack is the deadliest

at a US high school -

surpassing the Columbine High School

massacre.

while this shooting was going on -

Senator Chris Murphy -

whose district includes

Sandy Hook Elementary School - stood

up in the senate and said this.

This happens nowhere else other than

the United States of America. This

epidemic of mass slaughter. School

shooting after school shooting. It

only happens here not because of

coincidence, not because of bad

luck, but as a consequence of our

inaction.

So what's been

the political fallout so far?

Well, a little earlier President

Trump addressed the nation.

We are here for you, whatever we can

do, to ease your pain. We are all

joined together as one American

family. And you are suffering as our

burden also.

Strong on emotion, but there no

mention of gun control.

Ahead of the shooting this was

posted by the gunman. This is very

likely to be their weapons he used.

In this article in the early times

it reveals that the latest and

deadliest mass shootings in America

all involved that particular weapon.

Firearm rights are such a divisive

topic in America.

People are concerned about their

rights as am I. What about the

rights of these students? Don't they

have the right to be protected by

the United States Government?

And be received this update from our

correspondent.

The people I have spoken to are

still feeling emotional about this.

Some adults are still trying about

this when they are asked who they

are doing. Students say they are

still in shock, they say they did

not expect something like this. It

is something they have seen numerous

times on their television screens in

other parts of the nation. We have

also been hearing from those who

have been victims here, that they do

want some kind of action on

something, anything, to reduce these

types of shootings. The teacher who

helped shield 19 kids in the closet

of her classroom saying that the

nation failed them and failed to

keep them safe. These are the types

of stories we are hearing again and

again.

Where is the investigation heading?

How much was known about the threat

that this individual might have

posed?

Authorities here say they will be

doing an exhaustive investigation,

speaking to students to get a

clearer picture of what they knew

about this shooter. He was on the

FBI's reader as early as November.

At that point he was flagged up to

the agency because he posted a

message that said, he was going to

be a professional school shooter.

The FBI has said that they did hold

an investigation, they could not

identify who that person was, they

have promised again to look into

that investigation. We do know he

was in court recently charged in

front of a judge with those 17

counts of premeditated murder. He is

being held now without bail. The

authorities are trying to piece

together what other groups he was

involved. There was a white

supremacist group he was involved

with here in Florida. And other

messages on social media that could

give a clue into his mortar.

We ask the same questions about guns

in America, do you expect anything

to change?

I keep saying that our country is

more divided than ever on this

issue. You have a president who is

an ally of the gun lobby

organisation and what we have heard

from lawmakers today does not shed

any comfort to those who want to see

some consensus on this issue.

We will be hearing from the

pro-gunners side of the debate in 20

minutes time. -- from the pro-gun

side of this debate.

South Africa has a new leader.

Cyril Ramaphosa was officially

sworn in as President -

just 16 hours after his predecessor

Jacob Zuma was forced to step down.

This is what happened

in parliament today.

I declare the honourable

Cyril Ramaphosa duly elected

President of the Republic of South

Africa.

Well as you saw, the chamber

erupted into cheers.

But take a look at

what happened next.

More scenes of jubilation -

and singing.

Cyril Ramaphosa began

his term by declaring

a new era for South Africa.

A promise to fight corruption.

And a pledge to serve the people.

Let's hear him.

When one is elected in this type

of position, you basically become

a servant of the people

of South Africa, and I'll seek

to execute that task

with humility, faithfulness

and with dignity as well.

That is what I will seek to do.

Ramaphosa's elevation caps a week

of suspense and drama.

We showed you this last night -

Jacob Zuma officially resigning.

He was effectively pushed

from the top job by his

own party, the ANC.

The ultimatum - step down,

or face a vote of no-confidence.

Zuma has been dogged by corruption

allegations, a charge he denies.

So what's ahead for South

Africa's new leader?

Cyril Ramaphosa's job won't be easy.

The economy is faltering.

Unemployment sits at nearly 27%.

And corruption is rife.

More now from Milton Nkosi.

The ANC recalled President Zuma,

they did not give any reasons. They

had wanted to stay on until June, he

said. But wait on Wednesday he

addressed the nation, saying that he

is stepping down because he believes

in the Constitution. His own

comrades within the African National

Congress had already gone to

Parliament with opposition parties

to have a fort of no confidence if

he was not going to resign

voluntarily. Because he offered his

resignation they then changed that

allocated slot in Parliament to

swear them in Cyril Ramaphosa, who

is now the current president of

South Africa. Now South Africa, the

mood in the country, is that of

euphoria, excitement, and more

importantly of hope. South Africans

believe that Cyril Ramaphosa will

change the direction of the economic

growth of South Africa which has

been stagnant and fairly sluggish in

recent years, partly because of the

global outlook, but also because of

internal self-inflicted wounds of

corruption, infighting within the

governing African National Congress,

and of course the cronyism

allegations that have been hanging

over President Zuma for so long.

Cyril Ramaphosa campaigned towards

the end of last year on the ticket

of anti-corruption. He is determined

that he wants a corrupt three

Government and the business friendly

South Africa.

-- corrupt-free Government.

Here a former youth football coach

has been found guilty

of the remaining sexual assault

charges against him.

In total, Barry Bennell

was convicted of 43

offences against 11 boys

between 1979 and 1990.

One of his victims

spoke outside court.

I am so proud of all the victims

that have come forward, not only in

this case, but others that are still

waiting. I am proud of what I have

achieved in terms of allowing these

lads up stairs to get the justice

that they have deserved for many

years. That has been a tough 15

months or so for me and my family. I

had recently lost my father, I know

he is looking down on us now. I am

proud of my wife sticking by me. I

am proud of my children. And more

importantly, that justice has been

served to the people will be able

move on, including myself.

President Trump says making American

schools safer as his top priority

after 17 pupils and staff were

killed by a gunman and followed up.

Reports that the Nato led military

mission in Afghanistan has rejected

an offer by the Taliban to end the

Waugh in the country through talks.

The offer was made in the rare open

letter.

The US secretary of state has warned

that the involvement of the Lebanese

militant group will have a negative

impact on Lebanon itself.

Lots of people are taking this

online journey, it is a restaurant

in Tokyo, diners have a four course

dinner and a virtual reality handset

that can take to Rome, Paris, or New

York.

South Africa's new President has

a big job ahead of him.

At the top of Cyril Ramaphosa's

agenda will be reviving

the nation's struggling economy.

The latest figures show

economic growth of just 2% -

political turmoil and poor public

finances have been big problems.

So too is the staggeringly

high unemployment

rate of nearly 27%.

It's one reason the country

desperately needs more investment.

And South Africa has been struggling

to attract that from abroad.

In 2016 foreign direct

investment was $2.27bn

which was significantly down

on previous years.

One economist we spoke to earlier

said South Africa's economy

is almost at rock bottom,

and a big change

in policy is needed.

Today there is an enormous sigh of

relief in the country. We have got

rid of a president who has been a

disaster for South Africa and we

have a man with a track record who

understands business and is

determined to get the country moving

again and has a clear plan of what

to do. South Africa is almost at

rock bottom. It is a big mountain we

have to climb. There is a lot of

pent-up investment, some of which

had been halted because it did not

suit their corruption and state

capture project that was facilitated

by the former president. You can

turn sentiment very quickly and then

we have to systematically make the

right decisions and start to put

South Africa on a much more labour

intensive and much higher growth

path.

President Trump's budget plans

for 2019 faced scrutiny today,

as his Treasury Secretary Steve

Mnuchin was grilled

by an influential Congressional

committee in Washington.

In focus, reports of a plan

to increase the federal gasoline tax

by 25 cents to help fund

the President's $1.5 trillion dollar

infrastructure plan.

Who are controversial is this?

Extremely controversial. There is

hardly anything more explosive than

a tax on gasoline. Millions of

Americans rely on driving on roads

to get to work and their gasoline

prices are fairly closely watched.

But reportedly President Trump is

behind this scheme to raise tax

which hasn't been raised since Bill

Clinton was in office and the

rationale behind that which has

support from both sides is that if

anyone has 2p to fix America's

crumbling roads it should be road

users themselves and therefore it is

only fair that they should see an

increase in tax. Road users will see

they have been paying this tax for

many years and American roads have

not seen much investment is why

should they trust the Government by

paying an extra 25 cents per gallon.

Tens of thousands of Indian

and Chinese women in the US

could soon lose the right to work,

as President Trump looks to overturn

another Obama era policy.

The BBC's Yogita Limaye

reports from New York.

America is the only home and her

children have ever known.

She migrated from Indiana one decade

ago. Her husband is on a Visa given

to highly skilled workers. And two

years ago she was given the right to

work in this country. Now President

Trump intends to revoke that.

It feels like I am getting back into

a golden cage, it is as if they are

sending this signal to me that my

skill sets and abilities do not

matter in this world and I should

lead the life of a home maker rather

than be a contributing member of

society.

Earlier this month she was

among the group of Indians who

gathered outside the US Capitol.

Tens of thousands of women from

China and India are most impacted by

the change because the numbers of

immigrants from these countries are

high. This is a little bit of India

in New Jersey just outside New York,

one place Indians with technical

skills have thrived over the

decades, living the American dream.

Employers have also benefited

because hiring foreigners is

cheaper. The previous administration

to allow spouses of foreign workers

to get jobs was opposed by

subgroups. It was even challenged in

court. A case that might be rendered

irrelevant now given the views of

the new president.

Trump has been

vocal that he wants jobs for

Americans and he wants we just two

entities. If you keep bringing in

more workers the employer gets

cheaper labour about that does not

help the American worker.

For many

who make the journey from India, a

country where social pressures often

force women to quit jobs, the idea

that America might deny them this

right is hard to come to terms with.

Let's bring you a couple

of stories from the Olympics.

We've talked a lot about the Russian

athletes competing under the banner

of the neutral Olympic

Athletes from Russia name.

Well the hockey team

aren't taking any chances

While fans can be as

patriotic as they want -

All the athletes signed a document

saying they won't protest

the ruling that turned

Team Russia into the OAR.

Kovalchuk says "We won't chase

fans away if they're

carrying Russian flags.

We'll talk to them,

explain it and take

a photograph without the flag."

For the athletes that have made it

to the Olympics their journey has

involved a lot of sports -

now I have a journey

might be more athletic.

For a Swiss couple - who wanted

to see their son compete -

travelled to the Games almost

all the way by bicycle.

The end of an Olympic-sized journey.

Guido Huwiler and his wife,

Rita Ruttimann, arrive in the ski

park of the Olympic

Village in PyeongChang.

They've travelled

12,000km over land to be

reunited with their son,

Mischa Gasser, an aerial

skier for Switzerland.

TRANSLATION: He's always been

a crazy one and done

lots of exciting and crazy things.

I wasn't too surprised

to hear about the trip.

Guido and Rita started their bike

tour in March last year

in Olten, Switzerland.

Their journey took them

through 20 countries,

from the Balkans to Central Asia.

Their toughest challenge

was the Pamir Highway,

a road that traverses mountains

from Afghanistan to Kyrgyzstan.

TRANSLATION: We were

totally exhausted.

After 2,500km on gravel road,

up to 4,500m altitude,

it was cold and we had very

average, limited food.

The pair had planned

to bike the entire journey

but because of visa issues,

ended up breaking their journey

and flying over China

to Korea's capital, Seoul.

From here, they braved freezing

temperatures on bike.

TRANSLATION: The past two nights

we spent in our tent.

In the morning, the inside

the tent was all white,

everything was frozen.

The water in the coffee pot

and the milk were both frozen -

great!

But the journey was worth it.

TRANSLATION: I think it's great,

just super, that he's made it

to the Olympic Games.

They will watch him compete

in the freestyle skiing heat

this Saturday.

Katie Silver, BBC News.

Coming up on Outside Source in the

next few minutes, we will be

speaking to the pro Gala side of the

debate on firearms in the United

States -- pro-gun side of the debate

on firearms in the United States.

States -- pro-gun side of the debate

on firearms in the United States.

The weather for the week ahead is on

the Wii in half an hour but before

then here are some weather stories

from around the world. The Winter

Olympics has been plagued by strong

winds earlier in the big and damage

in the village. A cyclone is

developing in Australia. There is

still a severe cyclone risk. The

size of new Caledonia, you can see

the eye of the storm. Very powerful

and dangerous. Earlier it was

category three. Whilst it has been

in the Pacific Islands for a while

it will drift southwards and beacon.

Uncertainty about the track. The me

the rain and to the north island of

New Zealand by Sunday.

By Sunday there may be a category

three cyclone. This is to the West

of the Philippines. This was a

tropical storm earlier in the week.

This system is no more. As you push

up some warmer here you can see how

the clouds develops along those

coastal areas of Vietnam and

remediate wetter weather by

Saturday. Moving north, cold a year

behind this band of cloud and wet

weather sweeping away from Japan.

With that calls a year coming in

over the sea of Japan on those

stronger winds we will find more

snow showers for northern parts. But

for the Korean peninsula it should

be mainly dry. This is the forecast

in the mountains. The next few days

look generally dry. It's me turn

milder over the next couple of days.

The winds will be stronger on

Saturday and Sunday. The winds

injured up our strongest across the

north-west. This band of cloud is

producing some rain and snow over

the Alps. A block of cold here and

cloud. In the UK as we head towards

the weekend, whilst we will see

sunshine, still the chance of rain

but it should be on the mild side.

Hello, I'm Ros Atkins,

this is Outside Source,

and these are the main stories

here in the BBC Newsroom.

America's agony again as 17 students

are killed in the 18th school

shooting this year.

He ran up and

down the hallway shooting into the

classrooms, he shot through my door.

Nikolas Cruz was arrested after

going on the run.

Donald Trump

pledged to make schools safer. No

child, no teacher should ever feel

in danger at an American school.

All

change in South Africa, the new

Prime Minister said his priority

will be to fight corruption. Your

questions are always welcome. BBCOS

is the hashtag.

The United States is again forced

to confront a mass school shooting -

the 18th of the year.

So far there has been one

school shooting in the US

on average every 60 hours.

But even as politicians

across the board said today that

mass shootings have to stop,

it seems they are

only getting worse.

Here's what the President

said a little earlier.

To every parent, teacher and child,

who is hurting so badly, we are here

for you, whatever you need, whatever

we can do to ease your pain. We are

all joined together as one American

family. And you're suffering is our

burden also. No child, no teacher

should ever be in danger in an

American school.

After each of these shootings

the gun debate takes over.

Scarlett Lewis lost her

six-year-old son Jesse

in the Sandy Hook massacre.

She says the education

system needs to change

to help emotional learning.

The solution really is, and I have a

life in the last five years since my

son was murdered his first grade

classroom that I was not going to

wait for someone else to come up

with the solution. I believe the

solution is social and emotional

learning and that's teaching kids

how to get along and have healthier

relationships and manage their

emotions. This is not something that

is innate, we have to learn the

skills and tools and we haven't been

teaching them and it is called

social and emotional learning and

there are decades of research

showing that this actively prevents

suffering before it starts.

Scarlett Lewis stands at one

end of the gun debate -

but like many others she's given up

on actual gun control.

At the other end stand those

who oppose any gun control

in the name of the sacred second

amendment to the US Constitution -

AWR Hawkins is in that

camp and joins us now.

You're the 2nd amendment columnist

for Breitbart news.

A warm welcome to you on outside

source. From your perspective when

you see a tragedy like this, do you

think something needs to change?

I

do think something needs to change.

Thank you for having me. Something

needs to change and they do not

think it is gun control. Gun control

doesn't work and it isn't working

but I believe we need to in America

quit having these gun free zones. We

have resource officers outside of

the schools and it is confirmed

there was at least one resource

officer that is armed. It is easy to

skip one the source officer and once

you do that you are among a crowd of

unarmed people, whether armed with a

knife or done by the billy club you

can do what you want and nobody can

send you off. I have contended for a

long time that teachers, we have

concealed permits in America,

teachers who want to do that should

be able to and I think it is

reasonable and will allow them to

defend their own lives and the lives

of the children.

Let's make clear

what you believe. You believe more

guns in schools would prevent gun

violence like we have been seeing?

I

believe in teachers being armed

rather than sitting ducks. The

teachers who are denied the right to

carry any social studies class, the

league and carry a gun with them at

the mole and at Walmart and the

restaurant. Why not in school, for

self defence. Is there life is not

worth defending at school. There is

a weird pyridine.

I wonder if you

can explain to the many people

watching who see tragedy like this

time and time again in America and

wonder why it doesn't do anything to

change the minds of people who

support the second Amendment, even

when it comes to things like the

semiautomatic rifle like the AR-15.

There are far more powerful weapons.

It is powerful enough when you see

the carnage inflicted recently in

various attacks.

What you have to

think about like this, the FBI said

in 2014 that four times as many

people were stabbed to death as were

killed by rifles of any kind. Only a

small percentage of those rifle

deaths would be AR-15 bets, rifles

of any kind. The AR-15 is demonised

because people do use it in the

settings at times but it is by no

means the most widely used gun.

But

why would a civilian need to own

something like that? Explain that I

was.

Why do you think a civilian

should be able to carry one like

that? They usually don't, they are

too bulky, but a mir to matter, any

handgun, they're much easier to use,

for women, concealed carry. They are

easy to operate and it allows a

woman to get an edge on an attacker

because she has more rounds and can

fire them with greater these and the

gun is more compact. When we talk

about a semiautomatic nobody carries

eight AR-15. That is just leftist

jargon and I am not accusing you of

that but here in the United States,

it is a strawman. People don't carry

it and it is a reason why criminals

really use it in crime and the few

times we do see it used in crime we

see the kind of coverage we have

seen in the last 24 hours.

When you

hear Senator Marty whose district

covers Sandy Hook says, no other

country has these kinds of mass

slaughter, it is not coincidence, it

is our in action. What is your

response to that?

I take it with a

grain of salt. The Mexican murder

rate is far higher than us. I can

look at France in 2013 and they have

far stricter gun control laws and

130 people were killed there and I

can keep picking those spots.

You

are generally seeing tighter gun

control would not result in fewer

deaths, you think it would make no

difference?

Look at France. Was it

2016 when the gentleman hopped on

the truck and ran over 84 people? He

didn't need a gun. This is what

Chris Murphy misses. Ultimately if

you have a group of unarmed citizens

they can fall prey to someone armed

with anything, be it an author a

firearm or a knife, so I do not

subscribe to the view that the

solution is to make sure law-abiding

citizens are less armed. They should

be armed for self defence and I

think the problem is in our schools

teachers are denied the ability to

be armed so they are sitting ducks.

We are out of time, thank you.

Well that's 2nd amendment

side of gun control.

But like most things in America -

it's a divided debate.

That's exactly the angle that

Anthony Zurcher has been looking

at on the BBC website.

He talks about the two Americas. It

doesn't sound like much changes what

ever happens?

What we have seen

after this latest incident is what

we have seen after every single

major incident of gun violence over

the last decade, which is anger on

one side, defensiveness on the gun

right side, talking about doing

something and Congress, in action,

and people forget until the next

one. The reality is there's just no

overwhelming press outside of just

the days afterwards to have some

sort of comprehensive gun control

legislation. The NRA is too

powerful, Republicans in Congress

will block this, even when Democrats

held the Senate, the rod enough

Republicans to block any kind of gun

control, so now we hear more talk

about mental health and addressing

mental health issues and school

safety but gun control seems like a

bridge again once again.

Do check

his article out on the BBC website.

Don't forget you can get much more

detail on our top stories on our Web

site There is full coverage on..

- including more accounts

from survivors, as well as reaction

to the shooting and the continuing

quesiton of the right to bear arms

in the US - on our website.

More children than ever before

are living in conflict areas,

at risk of death and violence.

This is from a new report

by the Charity Save the Children.

Countries like Syria

in the Middle East Afghanistan

in Asia, and Somalia in Africa came

out as the worst countries

for young people.

In the report, the charity said

at least 357 million children -

that's one out of every six

children, were living

in conflict zones.

That's an increase of 75%

since the early '90s.

And according to a record

of incidents verified by the UN,

there's been a 300% increase

in the number of children killed

and maimed since 2010.

Caroline Anning is Senior Conflict &

Humanitarian Policy Adviser

and co-author of the War

on Children report.

What my colleagues and myself wanted

to do, we work day-to-day in Syria

and Yemen and South Sudan and we see

what is happening, and to take a

look back and to look at 20 years of

history and see things are getting

better and worse, it often feels

worse but are they really?

Unfortunately we found that it looks

like they are. More than 350 million

living in conflict, that has gone up

significantly in the last 20 years,

and they also found the threat those

children were facing, whether the

rate at being killed and maimed was

also going up. And what is behind

these huge increases? Simply a

matter of more war?

Yes, water going

on for longer, they are becoming

more protracted and you to look at

the Warren Serie A where there are

dozens of groups fighting in one

area, and the results on increased

use of expose of weapons in

populated areas, saw in areas where

children are living, the those heavy

weaponry, dropping on playgrounds

and schools and people are not being

held to account for that, for the

behaviour, for the destruction they

are reaching.

Aside from the

physical threat, the things that war

does to the present of the children

but the future of these children is

completely disrupted and they don't

even have education.

That is the

real worry. I was in Yemen last year

that I have met children whose lives

are physically destroyed, children

whose spines have been blown out,

chilled and lined in band deafened

but also children who have not been

able to go to school for 2-3 years

have seen their parents killed and

traumatised and don't have access to

some of the services and support

they need. We and other agencies are

there to help them recover and most

of my colleagues on the ground are

all doing they can to help fix the

society, but really it is a global

problem we have to tackle together

because otherwise this is allowed to

fester then we will see a cycle of

violence were children who have been

dramatised are perpetuating

conflict.

Is there anything in your

report that gets you cause for

optimism?

In a way that might sound

counterintuitive, that we know

things have got worse shows they

were better and we can get back to

that point. We now the examples in

this report of the children we are

working with and the work we have

done, that with the right support

children are incredibly resilient.

They can recover and the things they

can recover from a Rammy Singh. With

just basic support, having enough

food to eat and being able to go to

school, it is all they really need

and that gives me cause for

optimism.

We heard earlier that South Africa

has got a new president.

Well, Ethiopia has lost

its prime minister.

Hailemariam Desalegn has

resigned unexpectedly.

Here's his announcement

on state television.

The reason why have decided to

resign as to ensure a sustainable

peace and democracy in our country.

The party has welcomed my decision

to resign.

Mr Hailemariam became prime minister

in 2012 but much of his time

in power has been dogged by protests

- including this one at a religious

festival in 2016 when more

than 50 people died.

The anti-government demonstrations

first spread across the country

in 2015 with calls for political

and economic reform and an end

to state corruption.

Most of the unrest has

centred on Ethiopia's

two largest regions,

Oromia and Amhara.

In January, Mr Hailemariam announced

he was going to free all political

prisoners as a gesture

of national reconciliation.

Many were released but

the protests continue.

Here's Mary Harper -

Regional Africa Editor -

on how much of a change this

is for an Ethiopian

leader to step down.

It normally has this very

authoritarian ruler who stays until

they die or are kicked out in a

civil war. It is a pretty

astonishing thing to happen.

What

can we read into his reasoning for

his departure?

He said he had to

resign as part of the process to try

to bring about reforms and the

country to end these very serious

unrest that has been going on in the

main biggest regions, the two

biggest ethnic groups, feeling

politically and economically and

socially marginalised and they have

been leading violent protests for

several years, so he said that as

part of moves to try to bring about

reforms he had to resign.

I suppose

the big question is whether his

departure will make any difference?

That is the question a lot and

asking and even though many in

Ethiopia have been tweeting and

commenting saying they are

delighted, they are seeing it

depends on who replaces him.

Ethiopia is a place that has always

been governed by very authoritarian

or even dictatorial rulers and

unless they have someone from one of

those two ethnic groups are genuine

reformer, nothing is going to

change, and that is what all eyes

are on and it will probably be a

fairly slow process, who they are

going to select to replace

Hailemariam Desalegn.

Against the backdrop of that

shocking attack on the students

and faculty in Parkland Florida,

we're going to take a look

at another community that has long

dealt with crippling

levels of violence.

Compton, in California,

is synonymous with gang violence.

It's an area of Los Angeles county,

but in Compton, homicide and gun

crime have been falling

in recent years.

The BBC's Katty Kay has this report,

which contains flashing

images from the start.

Crime situation is high, very busy

for a law enforcement. But it is a

small percentage of people who are

causing the problems.

Eight night

patrol with the LE sheriffs in the

city of Compton. Two suspected

members of the south side Compton

Crips gang arrested.

If they are in

the arrival area they will have to

be protection because it is almost

expected they will be armed.

Police

estimate that almost 4000 gang

members in Compton.

Our service area

is ten square miles. Fireworks. Ten

square miles. Suffered every square

mile we have we have six active

gangs.

37 gangs compete for control

in a city of just 100,000 people.

Compton's notorious street gangs,

the Crips and the Bloods were formed

in the 1960s. Their clothes and

tatters and Julie all marked which

gang they belonged to. Wearing the

wrong coloured shirt would have and

still could get you killed.

Today, Compton is on the up.

Compton's youthful Maher has made it

her mission to transform the image

and the economy of the city. In

2013, early into her first term and

after 16 killings in just four

months, she decided to hold a crisis

meeting. She put a call out to the

Bloods and Crips to try to arrange a

truce.

It was rocky at first and if

you threaten to leave and I said the

ground rules were we had to stay

until we finished.

What gave you

that confidence?

This is my

community and they are not afraid of

my own people. They are very

pragmatic and talked about the need

for employment opportunities that

they can access, they talked about

the barriers to their employment

because of criminal records, but I

told them, it is not about just what

can I do for you, I I am willing to

work for you if you're willing to

make a commitment.

Don and Fred are

from rival gangs. Don is a Bloods.

Fred is a Crip. If you had come

across Don in the street ten or 15

years ago?

That would have been a

problem. A fight over stabbing are

shooting, one of the three.

Because

you were on rival gangs?

Like I

said, I was young and Durham. I

didn't understand the life are

nothing else. All I cared about was

representing my gang to the fullest.

You would have hurt him? Yes.

He

would have tried!

Will is also a former gang member

and he served 12 years in prison for

a string of offences including

carjacking and gun possession. In

December 1989 he decided to turn his

life around.

A lot of the kids, they

are looking for something when they

join gangs, there is something

missing. The gangs have learned to

cater for those things. This was

almost a sheer store between two

rival gangs. In the process of that

a lot of people lost their lives, a

lot of shooting and derived bys.

Well now spends most of his nights

out on the streets trying to stop

conflicts from happening are getting

out of control.

Corner to corner,

communicating with those who are

always out.

And for the May or it

also personal. Then this quiet

street as her former family home.

My

grandmother was a registered nurse

and she worked overnight, and her

schedule was a little bit different.

There was a home intrusion and

someone raped and murdered her. The

loss of life is not a moment in

time, it is for a lifetime, and

holes are created that can never be

filled. It gives me a level of

compassion and respect and even

insight and perspective into what

most people are dealing with in my

community.

They may's story is not

uncommon. There is a level of

post-traumatic stress in this town

that comes from decades of extreme

violence. But maybe it is that she

had experienced that could also

drive people to end the violence.

The Australian Prime Minister

has banned Ministers -

married or single -

from having sex with their staff.

Malcolm Turnbull announced

an overhaul to Ministerial standards

today - saying they're now

out of date.

Lets hear a bit of

what he said earlier.

I am saying that from today this

changes being made in a way that is

very clear, couldn't be clearer. I

put this as a bright line and I am

saying that in these workplaces, and

ministers' officers, ministers must

behave accordingly, and they don't

care whether they are married or

single. I don't care. They must not

have sexual relationships with their

staff. That is it.

The crackdown comes amid a scandal

involving his deputy -

this man, Barnaby Joyce.

He's under growing pressure

to resign after admitting to having

an affair with his former staffer.

She's pregnant with his child.

Joyce has since split

with his wife of 24 years -

and is in a relationship

with his former employee.

Let's show you this.

Let me show you this tweet.

A cartoonist compares it

to a more famous sex scandal.

'One thing for sure-

Barnaby Joyce cannot adopt

the Bill Clinton defence

that he did not have sexual

relations with that woman'.

And this is his depiction -

a pregnant woman, and

a politician facing the boot.

Well, Buzzfeed is calling

the Prime Minister's new rule

the Barnaby bonk ban.

That hashtag, as well as 'barnaby

gate' is trending.

And check out this -

the front page of the Age today.

That headline - Malcolm Turnbull's

first commandment.

Lets get more now from

Hywel Griffith in Sydney.

This announcement came at the end of

a pretty long and scathing statement

by the Prime Minister about his

deputy, Barnaby Joyce, who threw a

week has been hitting the headlines

in Australia, particularly because

of his extramarital affair with his

former adviser, a woman who is now

expecting his child in April. This

had apparently been a bit of an open

secret with questions raised about

the potential misuse of public money

and misconduct by Barnaby Joyce,

allegations he denies, but he has

been in the full glare of the media

spotlight for more than seven days,

admitting to this are feared and

apologising for the hurt he has

caused, but according to Malcolm

Turnbull he has had a shocking error

of judgment and has put his wife and

daughters and member of staff

through a world of wall, according

to the Prime Minister. That is the

background to this ban, but whether

or not it will make any difference

to Barnaby Joyce, we will wait and

see. He has announced he will take a

week's leave next week, and was due

to step in for the Prime Minister

but it will no longer take place.

Something of a punishment but there

are plenty calling for him to resign

because of his fear the against him.

We are back Monday next week, thanks

for watching.