13/11/2011 Reporters


13/11/2011

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distortion of the facts. More news later. But now it is time

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Ten years after he exposed the plight of child workers in the

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cocoa industry, Humphrey Hawksley returns home to find it is business

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as usual in the Ivory Coast. Germany's middle-classes struggled

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to maintain their economic status. They are less likely to help other

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struggling nations. The obscure soccer team in Dagestan

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whose owner is spending millions to make it the new Real Madrid.

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Welcome. Ten years ago, the leading chocolate manufacturers promised to

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tackle child labour in the massive global cocoa industry as a matter

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of urgency. It was hailed as a landmark agreement but despite this,

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a decade on, children are still being exploited and made to do

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dangerous work. The biggest cocoa producer in the world is Ivory

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Coast in West Africa. As many as 800,000 children work in the coca

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farms there. A war world affairs correspondent has been

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investigating. -- Power World affairs correspondent.

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Deep in the cocoa belt of the Ivory Coast, it is not hard to find

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children at work. Coca is the raw product that makes chocolate. --

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cocoa. No laughter, no play, no wages. Injuries but no first aid.

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Even the farmer barely scraped a living. TRANSLATION: If the price

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is low, I lose money. Right now, I'm not doing very well. Ten years

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ago, after intense pressure, the chocolate industry signed an

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agreement. The promise from the chocolate companies was to act as a

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matter of urgency to stop hazardous child labour. Isn't that exactly

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what we're seeing here? The Farmer says they were his children or sons

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of friends. But at least one wasn't. When I asked his name, the farmer

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did not know, he became embarrassed and left. Many children are kept

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out of school and taken from their families. This child's home is more

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than two miles away. TRANSLATION: My father sent me here to work. I

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have not seen my family for three years. This is where coca begins

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its journey to our shops. Child workers are a common sight in the

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chocolate -- and the chocolate companies concede that more needs

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to be done. It says hundreds of thousands of families have been

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helped. This is one model project. At its heart is a school that

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opened three years ago. But the villagers complain it is not big

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enough. Hundreds of children in this area still have no school to

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go to. Add the chocolate industry acted as a matter of urgency?

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TRANSLATION: The chocolate industry has a moral duty to engage with us

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in this human task. Plans to build roads, schools, hospitals and

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social centres. Anything that would allow the Ivory Coast to progress.

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It is in the interest of the industry to work with us. Children

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are already benefiting. This boy is now 15. His father took him up the

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farm and put him in this school to teach him to read and write. He

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still has some scars. TRANSLATION: It was not good. You get very tired

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when you go to work so much. Every day I would wake up at 6am and go

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straight to the coca farm. Now, he and his father worked with younger

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family members in safer jobs, like drying beans in the sun. But as

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soon as they are sold to market, it is impossible to tell how and where

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the beans were harvested and by whom. Then, the coca is packed into

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huge containers heading for Europe and America and Asia. To be used by

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the multinational truck with companies. -- chocolate companies.

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They insist they are committed to addressing the issue. We have been

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working for ten years. It is a very challenging environment that we are

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working in. Have the resources been insufficient? We would agree that

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more work needs to be done and we have committed a substantial amount

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of resources in the past. We do not deny that progress has not been

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sufficient. There is no disagreement that this present

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situation is unacceptable. Greece may have installed a new

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interim Prime Minister to help and some of the uncertainty in the

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eu eut the shock waves of the crisis are still gripping the

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Continent. In Germany, the economic powerhouse of Europe, the once

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prosperous middle classes are now feeling the pinch as growth rates

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across the EU and drastically revised downwards. Our Berlin

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Correspondent reports. Germany is one of the most equal

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countries in the world. It has a smaller gap between rich and poor

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in Britain and France, the United States and China. It is a country

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of the middle class. A middle class that is being squeezed. This woman

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is a senior nurse. When a hospital she worked at was privatised, she

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was put on a new contract. After 25 years in a good career, she

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suddenly find their pay has fallen. -- finds her pay has fallen.

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TRANSLATION: I'm really disappointed because they

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contribute to this society. Nursing is a very important profession. I'm

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disappointed that it is not appreciated. I really have to

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struggle now. Official definitions about -- about 60% of the people in

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this country could be defined as middle class. As the decade

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progressed, that middle got squeezed. German society has become

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increasingly polarised between rich and poor. The reasons for the

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squeeze are very. Experts say the main factor is that things have not

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risen much. For 10 or 15 years we had not -- had no higher wages.

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People have less and less money in their pockets. This is a soup

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kitchen for children of parents who are hard up. But it is people with

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jobs who are sending their children here increasingly because of a

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squeeze on working people. A squeezed middle class is often

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being squeezed downwards. TRANSLATION: Germany is a rich

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country but the wealth is not equally distributed. As the month

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goes on and people's pay runs out, more children get sent here.

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Germany is still well off compared to most countries, but Germans do

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not feel as prosperous as they were. That has consequences. They do not

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spend so much and that slows the economy. It may make them loath to

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hold out other countries. -- help out.

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The pressure for academic success is as fierce as ever in South Korea.

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The country recently held its National College entrance exams.

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Many young Koreans are finding that when they graduate, they are not

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enough jobs to go one round. The government is trying to persuade

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students to opt for vocational training instead.

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There are not many excuses for arriving late to Korea's National

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College entrance exam. This is the one day of the year when the

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government changes flight schedules and even hold up the morning rush

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hour to give students the best possible chance. The universities

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is seen as crucial here. 80% of school leavers go on to higher

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education and that is causing a problem. This boy is taking a

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different route. He has decided he wants to be a chef. Rather than

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cramming for the university entrance exam, he is learning

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practical skills at a vocational high school. Today's lesson, red

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bean noodles. My mother and father did not want me to go to this

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school because it is: Mary and in our culture, men are not supposed

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to cook in the kitchen. People around me told me I should not do

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that. That is one of the reasons why I chose the culinary school. I

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did not want to be like normal Korea's educational system is world

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famous, but it is causing a problem. With 80% of Korea's students going

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to university, there are not enough top jobs to go round, so many

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graduates end up unemployed, even while semi-skilled jobs remain

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unfilled. The President has been promoting a new scheme to give

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those with work-experience the same benefits as those with degrees.

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This is what he is up against - parents who will do almost anything

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to get their child into university. At the capital's main Buddhist

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temple, the price of your child's academic success is 100 kowtows and

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day, every day, since July. government is discouraging people

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from learning - I would have liked to go to university myself, but it

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was not possible in my day. This woman is old enough to remember the

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days before democracy, when a small group of elite ran the country. For

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her and many others here, fear of ending up on the wrong side of the

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system still runs deep. Like South Koreans, young Chinese

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people are avid users of the internet. This is causing the

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authorities in Beijing some problems. China is looking at ways

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to control internet information through Bloggs at which I used by

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hundreds of millions of people every day. These blocks are giving

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people the opportunity to share information like never before -

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which is upsetting the country's Communist rulers.

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This temple seems a strange place to look for the modern world.

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Complex Buddhist rituals have been performed here for more than a

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thousand years. The temple is going through something of a revival -

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there are now more monks and worshippers, and expansion has been

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driven by a hi-tech tall, the internet. -- tool. The temple is

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now online. The monks here are now able to express themselves. The

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Government's drive -- the government stifles debate in China,

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but the internet is providing people with a public platform to

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speak out like never before. Political activists now have a new

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weapon. Campaigners can instantly spread their descent. This woman is

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now in prison. Some say her sentence was posted online before

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she even left the courtroom. Once you have this technology, you

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cannot live without it. It is the same with freedom. Microblogging's

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real power was revealed earlier this year after a deadly train

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crash. People were angry, and they said so online, in their millions.

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Many blamed the government. It forced Wen Jiabao to do something

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Chinese politicians rarely do - apologise. The former head of

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Google in China has written a book about microblogging - he says it

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has started a revolution that is changing the way the country is

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ruled. It will at least accelerate the rate at which people are

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disseminating information and showing their voices. That will

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cause the government to ponder. government is worried. Committee's

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debate what to do. Although communists sense a microblogging

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and manipulate them, they are threatening to punish the users.

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The government controls information to control what people think -

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microblogging makes that task difficult. This social revolution

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already has hundreds of millions of believers. Reigning the team would

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be easy. -- raining it in a won't ambition, and a soccer team's

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multi-millionaire owner has been recruiting superstars.

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In this carom, it is Kalashnikov was before kick-off. -- this town.

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Nearly every day there are attacks by criminal gangs or government

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insurgents. This man, X Inter Milan, has moved here. Thanks to a local

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billionaire, this town has signed some of the biggest names in world

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football.... He is thought to be earning �350,000 per week here.

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What is happening here is nothing less than a football fairy-tale. A

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small club in the roughest part of Russia has suddenly become one of

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the richest football clubs in the world. They are well paid, but are

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the stars are bits do it? TRANSLATION: -- are the stars at a

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bit scared? I have never had any problems, I am not scared - but

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problems can happen anywhere, London, New York. Just over a month

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ago, car bombs near the stadium killed a policeman and wounded 60

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people. For security reasons, the players actually live and train a

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thousand miles away outside Moscow. The team flies into town for home

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games. TRANSLATION: It is a pity that the

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team is not based here. It takes us back up to three hours to travel to

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our home matches. I am getting used to it. I think that our football is

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bringing joy to local people. fans are getting a bit choosy now

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about my the club's Arriens. -- about cook the club's signs are....

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It has been billed as the opportunity of a lifetime, to seek

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the works of one of the greatest artists of all time. No fewer than

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nine of Leonardo da Vinci's paintings have been gathered in the

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one place and they are on display in the National Gallery of London.

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They present a very rare opportunity to see a wide range of

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the master's work. We took a look. A true masterpiece by Leonardo da

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Vinci. It has never been shown publicly in Britain before, nor has

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this - his painting - a 500-year- old portraits, making its trip to

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London. In fact, seven of the nine paintings in this exhibition are

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making their UK debut. Asking the museums of the world to lend their

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Leonardo da Vinci works is difficult. It is very difficult,

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and it should be. There were curator to curator conversations,

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Minister to minister conversations, and after five long years, the

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paintings have arrived in London. The such an exhibition has never

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happened before, and will likely never happen again. What is it

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about these paintings that capture people's imaginations? He leaves

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you with something ambiguous - mysterious. This extraordinary

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combination of emphatic knowledge and enormous visual teasing. This

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is the painting - the Virgin of the rocks. The Louvre has never let it

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out of their side before. The London gallery had to agree to

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certain specific security measures, like building is reinforced glass

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case. It is here they can compare it to their own version that

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Leonardo da Vinci painted a few years later, which is hanging

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opposite. Take a look at the two conversions, they are quite

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different. These are... The Louvre's version is one of the few

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that has not had its authenticity questioned. This one has. There

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will always be a question about this picture. It was a period when

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he was working with assistance.... For me, parts of these figures

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could only have been painted by him. These paintings have come from

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