Browse content similar to 13/11/2011. Check below for episodes and series from the same categories and more!
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distortion of the facts. More news later. But now it is time | :00:04. | :00:14. | |
:00:14. | :00:24. | ||
Ten years after he exposed the plight of child workers in the | :00:24. | :00:30. | |
cocoa industry, Humphrey Hawksley returns home to find it is business | :00:30. | :00:34. | |
as usual in the Ivory Coast. Germany's middle-classes struggled | :00:34. | :00:40. | |
to maintain their economic status. They are less likely to help other | :00:41. | :00:45. | |
struggling nations. The obscure soccer team in Dagestan | :00:45. | :00:53. | |
whose owner is spending millions to make it the new Real Madrid. | :00:53. | :01:00. | |
Welcome. Ten years ago, the leading chocolate manufacturers promised to | :01:00. | :01:05. | |
tackle child labour in the massive global cocoa industry as a matter | :01:05. | :01:10. | |
of urgency. It was hailed as a landmark agreement but despite this, | :01:10. | :01:15. | |
a decade on, children are still being exploited and made to do | :01:15. | :01:18. | |
dangerous work. The biggest cocoa producer in the world is Ivory | :01:19. | :01:23. | |
Coast in West Africa. As many as 800,000 children work in the coca | :01:23. | :01:28. | |
farms there. A war world affairs correspondent has been | :01:28. | :01:33. | |
investigating. -- Power World affairs correspondent. | :01:33. | :01:37. | |
Deep in the cocoa belt of the Ivory Coast, it is not hard to find | :01:37. | :01:46. | |
children at work. Coca is the raw product that makes chocolate. -- | :01:46. | :01:55. | |
cocoa. No laughter, no play, no wages. Injuries but no first aid. | :01:55. | :02:02. | |
Even the farmer barely scraped a living. TRANSLATION: If the price | :02:02. | :02:09. | |
is low, I lose money. Right now, I'm not doing very well. Ten years | :02:09. | :02:13. | |
ago, after intense pressure, the chocolate industry signed an | :02:13. | :02:19. | |
agreement. The promise from the chocolate companies was to act as a | :02:19. | :02:24. | |
matter of urgency to stop hazardous child labour. Isn't that exactly | :02:24. | :02:31. | |
what we're seeing here? The Farmer says they were his children or sons | :02:31. | :02:36. | |
of friends. But at least one wasn't. When I asked his name, the farmer | :02:36. | :02:45. | |
did not know, he became embarrassed and left. Many children are kept | :02:45. | :02:54. | |
out of school and taken from their families. This child's home is more | :02:54. | :03:02. | |
than two miles away. TRANSLATION: My father sent me here to work. I | :03:02. | :03:11. | |
have not seen my family for three years. This is where coca begins | :03:11. | :03:20. | |
its journey to our shops. Child workers are a common sight in the | :03:20. | :03:22. | |
chocolate -- and the chocolate companies concede that more needs | :03:22. | :03:31. | |
to be done. It says hundreds of thousands of families have been | :03:31. | :03:41. | |
:03:41. | :03:47. | ||
helped. This is one model project. At its heart is a school that | :03:47. | :03:54. | |
opened three years ago. But the villagers complain it is not big | :03:54. | :03:57. | |
enough. Hundreds of children in this area still have no school to | :03:57. | :04:07. | |
:04:07. | :04:12. | ||
go to. Add the chocolate industry acted as a matter of urgency? | :04:12. | :04:17. | |
TRANSLATION: The chocolate industry has a moral duty to engage with us | :04:17. | :04:22. | |
in this human task. Plans to build roads, schools, hospitals and | :04:22. | :04:27. | |
social centres. Anything that would allow the Ivory Coast to progress. | :04:27. | :04:37. | |
It is in the interest of the industry to work with us. Children | :04:37. | :04:45. | |
are already benefiting. This boy is now 15. His father took him up the | :04:45. | :04:50. | |
farm and put him in this school to teach him to read and write. He | :04:50. | :04:59. | |
still has some scars. TRANSLATION: It was not good. You get very tired | :04:59. | :05:05. | |
when you go to work so much. Every day I would wake up at 6am and go | :05:05. | :05:15. | |
:05:15. | :05:18. | ||
straight to the coca farm. Now, he and his father worked with younger | :05:18. | :05:28. | |
:05:28. | :05:31. | ||
family members in safer jobs, like drying beans in the sun. But as | :05:31. | :05:35. | |
soon as they are sold to market, it is impossible to tell how and where | :05:35. | :05:45. | |
:05:45. | :05:52. | ||
the beans were harvested and by whom. Then, the coca is packed into | :05:52. | :05:57. | |
huge containers heading for Europe and America and Asia. To be used by | :05:58. | :06:04. | |
the multinational truck with companies. -- chocolate companies. | :06:04. | :06:12. | |
They insist they are committed to addressing the issue. We have been | :06:12. | :06:17. | |
working for ten years. It is a very challenging environment that we are | :06:17. | :06:24. | |
working in. Have the resources been insufficient? We would agree that | :06:24. | :06:28. | |
more work needs to be done and we have committed a substantial amount | :06:28. | :06:33. | |
of resources in the past. We do not deny that progress has not been | :06:33. | :06:42. | |
sufficient. There is no disagreement that this present | :06:42. | :06:52. | |
:06:52. | :06:53. | ||
situation is unacceptable. Greece may have installed a new | :06:53. | :06:57. | |
interim Prime Minister to help and some of the uncertainty in the | :06:57. | :07:02. | |
eu eut the shock waves of the crisis are still gripping the | :07:02. | :07:07. | |
Continent. In Germany, the economic powerhouse of Europe, the once | :07:07. | :07:10. | |
prosperous middle classes are now feeling the pinch as growth rates | :07:10. | :07:15. | |
across the EU and drastically revised downwards. Our Berlin | :07:15. | :07:20. | |
Correspondent reports. Germany is one of the most equal | :07:20. | :07:24. | |
countries in the world. It has a smaller gap between rich and poor | :07:24. | :07:30. | |
in Britain and France, the United States and China. It is a country | :07:30. | :07:38. | |
of the middle class. A middle class that is being squeezed. This woman | :07:38. | :07:42. | |
is a senior nurse. When a hospital she worked at was privatised, she | :07:42. | :07:48. | |
was put on a new contract. After 25 years in a good career, she | :07:48. | :07:54. | |
suddenly find their pay has fallen. -- finds her pay has fallen. | :07:55. | :07:59. | |
TRANSLATION: I'm really disappointed because they | :07:59. | :08:03. | |
contribute to this society. Nursing is a very important profession. I'm | :08:03. | :08:08. | |
disappointed that it is not appreciated. I really have to | :08:08. | :08:18. | |
:08:18. | :08:20. | ||
struggle now. Official definitions about -- about 60% of the people in | :08:20. | :08:24. | |
this country could be defined as middle class. As the decade | :08:24. | :08:29. | |
progressed, that middle got squeezed. German society has become | :08:29. | :08:33. | |
increasingly polarised between rich and poor. The reasons for the | :08:33. | :08:40. | |
squeeze are very. Experts say the main factor is that things have not | :08:40. | :08:50. | |
:08:50. | :08:54. | ||
risen much. For 10 or 15 years we had not -- had no higher wages. | :08:54. | :09:04. | |
:09:04. | :09:04. | ||
People have less and less money in their pockets. This is a soup | :09:04. | :09:11. | |
kitchen for children of parents who are hard up. But it is people with | :09:11. | :09:14. | |
jobs who are sending their children here increasingly because of a | :09:14. | :09:18. | |
squeeze on working people. A squeezed middle class is often | :09:18. | :09:23. | |
being squeezed downwards. TRANSLATION: Germany is a rich | :09:24. | :09:28. | |
country but the wealth is not equally distributed. As the month | :09:28. | :09:32. | |
goes on and people's pay runs out, more children get sent here. | :09:33. | :09:37. | |
Germany is still well off compared to most countries, but Germans do | :09:37. | :09:42. | |
not feel as prosperous as they were. That has consequences. They do not | :09:42. | :09:47. | |
spend so much and that slows the economy. It may make them loath to | :09:47. | :09:53. | |
hold out other countries. -- help out. | :09:53. | :09:59. | |
The pressure for academic success is as fierce as ever in South Korea. | :09:59. | :10:03. | |
The country recently held its National College entrance exams. | :10:03. | :10:06. | |
Many young Koreans are finding that when they graduate, they are not | :10:06. | :10:10. | |
enough jobs to go one round. The government is trying to persuade | :10:10. | :10:17. | |
students to opt for vocational training instead. | :10:17. | :10:21. | |
There are not many excuses for arriving late to Korea's National | :10:21. | :10:25. | |
College entrance exam. This is the one day of the year when the | :10:25. | :10:29. | |
government changes flight schedules and even hold up the morning rush | :10:29. | :10:33. | |
hour to give students the best possible chance. The universities | :10:33. | :10:40. | |
is seen as crucial here. 80% of school leavers go on to higher | :10:40. | :10:49. | |
education and that is causing a problem. This boy is taking a | :10:49. | :10:54. | |
different route. He has decided he wants to be a chef. Rather than | :10:54. | :10:58. | |
cramming for the university entrance exam, he is learning | :10:58. | :11:03. | |
practical skills at a vocational high school. Today's lesson, red | :11:03. | :11:08. | |
bean noodles. My mother and father did not want me to go to this | :11:08. | :11:13. | |
school because it is: Mary and in our culture, men are not supposed | :11:13. | :11:22. | |
to cook in the kitchen. People around me told me I should not do | :11:22. | :11:29. | |
that. That is one of the reasons why I chose the culinary school. I | :11:29. | :11:39. | |
:11:39. | :11:42. | ||
did not want to be like normal Korea's educational system is world | :11:42. | :11:47. | |
famous, but it is causing a problem. With 80% of Korea's students going | :11:47. | :11:51. | |
to university, there are not enough top jobs to go round, so many | :11:51. | :11:57. | |
graduates end up unemployed, even while semi-skilled jobs remain | :11:57. | :12:00. | |
unfilled. The President has been promoting a new scheme to give | :12:00. | :12:05. | |
those with work-experience the same benefits as those with degrees. | :12:05. | :12:10. | |
This is what he is up against - parents who will do almost anything | :12:10. | :12:17. | |
to get their child into university. At the capital's main Buddhist | :12:17. | :12:24. | |
temple, the price of your child's academic success is 100 kowtows and | :12:24. | :12:29. | |
day, every day, since July. government is discouraging people | :12:29. | :12:33. | |
from learning - I would have liked to go to university myself, but it | :12:33. | :12:38. | |
was not possible in my day. This woman is old enough to remember the | :12:38. | :12:43. | |
days before democracy, when a small group of elite ran the country. For | :12:43. | :12:47. | |
her and many others here, fear of ending up on the wrong side of the | :12:48. | :12:55. | |
system still runs deep. Like South Koreans, young Chinese | :12:55. | :12:58. | |
people are avid users of the internet. This is causing the | :12:59. | :13:02. | |
authorities in Beijing some problems. China is looking at ways | :13:02. | :13:09. | |
to control internet information through Bloggs at which I used by | :13:09. | :13:13. | |
hundreds of millions of people every day. These blocks are giving | :13:13. | :13:20. | |
people the opportunity to share information like never before - | :13:20. | :13:23. | |
which is upsetting the country's Communist rulers. | :13:23. | :13:29. | |
This temple seems a strange place to look for the modern world. | :13:29. | :13:33. | |
Complex Buddhist rituals have been performed here for more than a | :13:33. | :13:40. | |
thousand years. The temple is going through something of a revival - | :13:40. | :13:45. | |
there are now more monks and worshippers, and expansion has been | :13:45. | :13:55. | |
:13:55. | :13:59. | ||
driven by a hi-tech tall, the internet. -- tool. The temple is | :13:59. | :14:07. | |
now online. The monks here are now able to express themselves. The | :14:07. | :14:15. | |
Government's drive -- the government stifles debate in China, | :14:15. | :14:18. | |
but the internet is providing people with a public platform to | :14:18. | :14:23. | |
speak out like never before. Political activists now have a new | :14:23. | :14:30. | |
weapon. Campaigners can instantly spread their descent. This woman is | :14:31. | :14:39. | |
now in prison. Some say her sentence was posted online before | :14:39. | :14:43. | |
she even left the courtroom. Once you have this technology, you | :14:43. | :14:50. | |
cannot live without it. It is the same with freedom. Microblogging's | :14:50. | :14:54. | |
real power was revealed earlier this year after a deadly train | :14:54. | :14:59. | |
crash. People were angry, and they said so online, in their millions. | :14:59. | :15:05. | |
Many blamed the government. It forced Wen Jiabao to do something | :15:05. | :15:11. | |
Chinese politicians rarely do - apologise. The former head of | :15:11. | :15:16. | |
Google in China has written a book about microblogging - he says it | :15:16. | :15:19. | |
has started a revolution that is changing the way the country is | :15:19. | :15:29. | |
:15:29. | :15:33. | ||
ruled. It will at least accelerate the rate at which people are | :15:33. | :15:38. | |
disseminating information and showing their voices. That will | :15:38. | :15:42. | |
cause the government to ponder. government is worried. Committee's | :15:42. | :15:49. | |
debate what to do. Although communists sense a microblogging | :15:49. | :15:58. | |
and manipulate them, they are threatening to punish the users. | :15:58. | :16:01. | |
The government controls information to control what people think - | :16:01. | :16:05. | |
microblogging makes that task difficult. This social revolution | :16:06. | :16:11. | |
already has hundreds of millions of believers. Reigning the team would | :16:11. | :16:21. | |
:16:21. | :16:32. | ||
be easy. -- raining it in a won't ambition, and a soccer team's | :16:32. | :16:38. | |
multi-millionaire owner has been recruiting superstars. | :16:38. | :16:48. | |
:16:48. | :16:51. | ||
In this carom, it is Kalashnikov was before kick-off. -- this town. | :16:51. | :16:55. | |
Nearly every day there are attacks by criminal gangs or government | :16:55. | :17:05. | |
:17:05. | :17:08. | ||
insurgents. This man, X Inter Milan, has moved here. Thanks to a local | :17:08. | :17:11. | |
billionaire, this town has signed some of the biggest names in world | :17:11. | :17:21. | |
:17:21. | :17:24. | ||
football.... He is thought to be earning �350,000 per week here. | :17:24. | :17:29. | |
What is happening here is nothing less than a football fairy-tale. A | :17:29. | :17:33. | |
small club in the roughest part of Russia has suddenly become one of | :17:33. | :17:38. | |
the richest football clubs in the world. They are well paid, but are | :17:38. | :17:45. | |
the stars are bits do it? TRANSLATION: -- are the stars at a | :17:45. | :17:53. | |
bit scared? I have never had any problems, I am not scared - but | :17:53. | :17:57. | |
problems can happen anywhere, London, New York. Just over a month | :17:57. | :18:01. | |
ago, car bombs near the stadium killed a policeman and wounded 60 | :18:01. | :18:07. | |
people. For security reasons, the players actually live and train a | :18:07. | :18:11. | |
thousand miles away outside Moscow. The team flies into town for home | :18:11. | :18:15. | |
games. TRANSLATION: It is a pity that the | :18:15. | :18:20. | |
team is not based here. It takes us back up to three hours to travel to | :18:20. | :18:25. | |
our home matches. I am getting used to it. I think that our football is | :18:25. | :18:32. | |
bringing joy to local people. fans are getting a bit choosy now | :18:32. | :18:42. | |
:18:42. | :18:56. | ||
about my the club's Arriens. -- about cook the club's signs are.... | :18:56. | :19:00. | |
It has been billed as the opportunity of a lifetime, to seek | :19:00. | :19:05. | |
the works of one of the greatest artists of all time. No fewer than | :19:05. | :19:09. | |
nine of Leonardo da Vinci's paintings have been gathered in the | :19:09. | :19:14. | |
one place and they are on display in the National Gallery of London. | :19:14. | :19:17. | |
They present a very rare opportunity to see a wide range of | :19:17. | :19:27. | |
the master's work. We took a look. A true masterpiece by Leonardo da | :19:27. | :19:32. | |
Vinci. It has never been shown publicly in Britain before, nor has | :19:32. | :19:40. | |
this - his painting - a 500-year- old portraits, making its trip to | :19:40. | :19:46. | |
London. In fact, seven of the nine paintings in this exhibition are | :19:46. | :19:56. | |
:19:56. | :19:56. | ||
making their UK debut. Asking the museums of the world to lend their | :19:56. | :20:00. | |
Leonardo da Vinci works is difficult. It is very difficult, | :20:00. | :20:05. | |
and it should be. There were curator to curator conversations, | :20:05. | :20:10. | |
Minister to minister conversations, and after five long years, the | :20:10. | :20:13. | |
paintings have arrived in London. The such an exhibition has never | :20:13. | :20:16. | |
happened before, and will likely never happen again. What is it | :20:16. | :20:21. | |
about these paintings that capture people's imaginations? He leaves | :20:21. | :20:26. | |
you with something ambiguous - mysterious. This extraordinary | :20:26. | :20:31. | |
combination of emphatic knowledge and enormous visual teasing. This | :20:31. | :20:38. | |
is the painting - the Virgin of the rocks. The Louvre has never let it | :20:38. | :20:42. | |
out of their side before. The London gallery had to agree to | :20:42. | :20:46. | |
certain specific security measures, like building is reinforced glass | :20:46. | :20:51. | |
case. It is here they can compare it to their own version that | :20:51. | :20:58. | |
Leonardo da Vinci painted a few years later, which is hanging | :20:58. | :21:01. | |
opposite. Take a look at the two conversions, they are quite | :21:01. | :21:11. | |
:21:11. | :21:13. | ||
different. These are... The Louvre's version is one of the few | :21:13. | :21:18. | |
that has not had its authenticity questioned. This one has. There | :21:18. | :21:22. | |
will always be a question about this picture. It was a period when | :21:22. | :21:32. | |
:21:32. | :21:33. | ||
he was working with assistance.... For me, parts of these figures | :21:33. | :21:36. | |
could only have been painted by him. These paintings have come from | :21:36. | :21:41. |