22/03/2014 Reporters

Now on BBC News, it's time for Reporters.

Hello and welcome. I am Zeinab Badawi. From here we send out

correspondence to bring you the best stories from across the globe. In

this week 's programme, distrust runs deep. We meet Libyans who can't

return to their homes three years after the fall of Colonel Gaddafi.

Some of the people here seem to be resigned to the idea that they will

be in camps like this for a long time to come. We report on operation

punch, the suppression of the dangerous street gangs in Kinshasa.

Apparently there was a police truck right here and a young man was

standing right next to that goal. He was shot three times in the stomach.

Amid tension with Russia on NATO 's eastern borders, our correspondent

joined troops on a training exercise in the far north of Norway.

The noise behind the big bang. Our science editor on the discovery of

new evidence which could help solve the mystery of the universe. Nearly

three years after the struggle in Libya that killed Colonel Gaddafi,

some communities in Libya are still internally displaced. During the

conflict, fighters from the West in time for it used of siding with the

Gaddafi forces by their neighbours. After Colonel Gaddafi fell, 4,000

people from their were forced from their homes and many men were jailed

in what human rights organisations called at collective punishment.

Even today, able from their say the return home. We report from Tripoli.

The dust has not settled between the two communities ripped apart during

the Civil War. Scattered across the country, the people call abandoned

construction sites like this home. The children even go to school in

these camps. Here they chant for the revolutionaries and freedom, but it

was the revolution that brought them here. Nearly every family you speak

to has a relative who is either missing or still in detention. Life

is difficult here. TRANSLATION: when it rains, the mattresses for the

children gets wet. Morale is low, the children get ill and depressed.

We don't want charity, we just want to go back to our homes. No house,

no salary, nothing. What is this? I am crying over the situation I am

in. Our men go out and get detained. What kind of the treatment is this?

Many were rounded up after the war. This young man has only just been

released. He asks that we don't show his face. Only 16 when he was

detained, he tells me he is looking to finish his studies and work to

help his mother. Rebuilding in Libya and the ties between its people is

proving to be difficult. Some of the people here seem to be resigned to

the idea that they would be in camps like this for a long time to come.

There is viewe today than in the of transitional justice it will be

difficult for both communities to ever live side`by`side again.

TRANSLATION: they have lost a lot. They don't live any more on their

land. Today everyone needs the right address. The government is obliged

to give everyone their rights back. A new generation are being raised in

camps, treated like foreigners in their own land. If the grievances of

both communities are not addressed, this could he have the way for an

endless cycle of revenge. To the capital of the Democratic

Republic of Congo where police are going after the city 's dangerous

street gangs. The authorities claim that the operation has been a

success, but human rights groups claim that hundreds of young gang

members have been arbitrarily executed by police officers.

It looks peaceful, but this was one the dangerous part of Kimshasa. For

years residents were afraid to carry money orphans in their pockets after

dark. Women were afraid of getting raped. Valentine has been attacked

by Gangs tours several times. TRANSLATION: It was very difficult

for us to sell our goods here. We would have stones or broken bottles

thrown at us. In the past few months, life has become easier for

people here. Behind this change is operation punch. This footage from

local TV shows how the police hit hard against street gangs. So hard

that human rights organisations accuse policeman of being behind the

disappearance of over 100 young men. I am standing on a football field

where I am told a young man was killed. Apparently there was a

police truck right here. The young man was standing right next to that

pole over there. He was shot three times in the stomach. I am told that

executions like these were not rare during the operation. This man used

to live here. All his father has left of him is this photograph. His

father did not want to be identified. He said his son was shot

by the police. TRANSLATION: We don't know where our son was taken or

buried. We know he was killed by a policeman who use this operation as

an excuse to kill him. The government has hailed the operation

as a success and has decided to continue with that. The head of the

police in the country admits there was some abuse by his staff, said

there were no murders and all those responsible have been brought to

court. TRANSLATION: some policemen have been sentenced to death for

acts committed join this operation. If murders are reported, we will

act. The operation may have helped clear the streets of gangs, but it's

brutal excesses have led to her paper many families who feel reprise

all said they speak out against the police.

The crisis in Ukraine has caused alarm bells to ring in capitals

across Europe and elsewhere in the world. NATO is giving assurances and

assistant to the leadership in Ukraine and it has refused to

recognise Russia's decision to absorb Crimea. Questions remain as

to whether NATO can use is rhetoric with in creased defence capability.

NATO troops are training in northern Norway near the Russian border. From

that, our correspondent sent this report.

We are flying 400 kilometres away from Norway is shared borders with

Russia. Today these soldiers are practising tandem collect and

protect winter warfare techniques. This corresponds training was

planned before the recent tensions in Crimea. The Norwegian commander

has no fear of conflict in the north. Is always important for

forces to cope with these kind of circumstances. Right now, we

describe our part of the role as low tension. The current situation in

Crimea and Ukraine is, in my view more of a political issue. While

NATO nations have made huge cuts to defence spending, Norway is a mild a

few investing, one of these vehicles would cost more than 6.5 million

Euros. They currently have 146 of them on order. Some hearsay rushes

actions in Crimea should remind nations of the importance of

investing in the NATO partnership. Financially and practically through

joint training exercises like this one. These are British veterans,

using the injuries to help the forces practice their responses to

traumatic events in the future. The US Marine Corps is here and keen to

point out that the military presence on Russia's doorstep is not a

response to any specific threat. Even Afghanistan in the north and

north`east and eastern part of Afghanistan is very cold. This is

about being ready all the time. Getting back his call relationship

we have had over the last few decades will give us the ability to

do anything in the future. That is why this is important.

There are about 11 million illegal immigrants living in the United

States. Many of them from Mexico. Their status is a hotly contested

political issue. Under Barack Obama 's presidency, will have been

deported than under any of his predecessors. Nearly 2 million in

fact. Thousands of them have passed through the town of Tijuana. Many of

them are struggling to adapt. Their slow walk to Freedom. Arrested and

detained in America, these immigrants are being sent back to

Mexico on foot. Somewhere caught trying to enter the US illegally,

others had been leaving without papers. The detainees are brought

here to the border in the US authorities. This is the last stop

in the deportation process. Once they go through that door, they will

be back in Mexico. A few items in a small bag, that is all they carry

home. Many are back in the country they have not visited for more than

a decade. This woman first came to America as a child. She was at

college in California when she was detained for driving without a

licence. But many of those deported struggle to restart their lives.

Raoul Grub in America `` grew up in America but he still relies on

handouts at a soup kitchen. It is hard for me to adapt. I want to go

back to the US. I am suffering in the streets and they have a daughter

born in the US and they left her when she was two and my daughter and

my family, were grew up is all they are. Coming to Mexico, was like

another jail sentence for me. Tijuana is a notorious drug

trafficking hub in the US. But the authorities here blamed those coming

back from America. They tried to chop by arm off with a machete and

broke my nose three times and chipped my tooth. After he was

deported, this man spent three years dealing with drug and gang violence

in this concrete wasteland. Light here is practically non`existent for

me. There is nothing here for me. The family is over there. My son

lives in Las Vegas with his mum. I hate it over here. For some

deportees, living here is a last resort. But they also say it is a

way of feeling closer to what they left behind in the US until it is

time to try and cross the border again. Almost 30 major political

parties and hundreds of smaller groups are campaigning for India's

parliamentary elections on the 7th of April. With many Indians are

unable to read, traditional methods like mass poster campaign are

critical to getting the message out. With India's election campaign under

way, so too is the poster and banner campaign. That is busy times for

this store which has been supplying election campaign materials to

India's political parties for more than 40 years. Here on the floor,

they are sorting through a pile of banners for the opposition BJP. At

the back there, the green, white, and orange with the outstretched

palm is for the Congress Party. Almost anything that you can print a

logo on, they will sell it. A collection of badges here. Appear on

these shelves, they are selling flags for all of the different

parties. And if we come over here, you will see that you can even buy

plastic bags advertising the Congress party. This is the Gandhi

family that have dominated the party for most of its existence. Down

here, is the main challenge of the Congress party. They will sell you a

mask of him. He is frontrunner to be the next Prime Minister. Should be

wealthy give you the right to live in a foreign country, especially if

it is a member state of the EU? In embody what is delivered Portugal

can obtain what is known as a Golden Visa by investing 500,000 euros

there, often on property. That residency can eventually be turned

into citizenship. It is a scheme which is proving highly attractive

to rich Asians. This is the top floor. Chinese investors looking for

a place in the European son. It has underfloor heating, full

air`conditioning. As long as they spend 500,000 euros on a property in

Portugal, they have a right to live here. This man is planning to take

up the offer. You'll make we have laws which say that we cannot put

all of our eggs in the same basket so we are trying to put some in

Europe and this is a very good opportunity and we can earn some

money and also get the Visa. His friend Brian, from Hong Kong,

already has a Visa. He has already started a business putting Chinese

buyers in touch with Portuguese estate agents. There is a huge

appetite from China coming over to Portugal on the data shows that 80%

of the applicants are Chinese. As the pursestrings tight and after the

Portuguese bailout, property sales nosedived. These permits had

generated a lot of revenue and are kickstarting the market. Critics say

it is effectively selling passports. They do not get a passport as such

but they get residency here and the right to travel across most of the

EU and they can apply for a passport eventually. Portugal is not the only

cash`strapped European country that have gone down this route. Spain,

Greece and Cyprus have similar schemes and some are priced lower

than others. This is a race to the bottom and it is something which is

very anti` EU. It is country is trying to outdo the other in terms

of better conditions to attract these foreign investors. People are

not caring about where this money comes from. Ministers insist that

there are rigourous checks and the whole country benefits. The Chinese

like European brands. They are starting now to buy opinions, pig

farms, so all of this is helping Portugal a lot. The money generated

by the golden Visa is a drop in the ocean compared to Portugal's debt.

But it has helped the property industry through choppy waters. Some

say that schemes like these are just selling access to those rich enough

to afford it. The big bang theory is one of the most fascinating of

topics, a great enigma which has even given its name to a popular

American comedy series. Now scientists trying to explain the

birth of the universe seem to have made a significant development.

Astrophysicists at Harvard University think they have detected

space`time ripples left over from the big bang.

These are ancient and difficult mysteries. How the universe started.

What shaped everything we are familiar with? There are questions

which modern science has tried to answer with the fury of a big bang.

It is the idea of a single burst of creation, and now there are hard

facts about how the process works. The telescope on the South Pole has

detected clues about light from the earliest moments of time. Applause

for a major advance. At Harvard University, the first results were

unveiled. All eyes were on the scientist who first developed the

theory. You make hard is it feel to be a star? There is now physical

backing for it. And awards may follow. This experiment is

excellent. It is a good discovery. It is a new future of nature, a real

window and astronomy. They are singing waves from the very

beginning of the universe that have never been seen before. For

decades, the idea of a big bang giving birth to the universe is a

theory with no hard evidence of how it works. Now this American team has

discovered patterns in the energy left over from the earliest moments

of the universe. They spotted twists in the light created then, patterns

that can have informed by ripples radiating out from the initial burst

of the big bang. They are what allowed Gravity to pull together the

galaxies, the stars, and the planets. This is a major advance in

understanding how we got here. Scientists all over the world have

been looking at the results. This team gathered at Oxford University

as a recognition that this is a hugely important milestone. We do

not know why the universe started expanding. We do not know why the

big bang happened. This takes us as far back as is possible to go and it

could help us pick get that out. The discovery by this telescope raises a

tantalising thought. If we can know how the big bang got going, can we

find out how it started? It is the big question about our own

existence. That is it from me. Goodbye.

We can certainly offer you some sunshine for Sunday. It will not