22/11/2017 Victoria Derbyshire

Hello, it's Wednesday November

22nd, it's 9 o'clock,

I'm Victoria Derbyshire,

welcome to the programme.

He's known as the Butcher of Bosnia

- the commander accused of presiding

over the killing of thousands of men

and boys in Bosnia in the 1990s will

learn his fate in the next hour,

after being on trial

for genocide for five years.

TRANSLATION:

I didn't think

they would kill so many

people, but in the end

they even killed children -

14, 15, 16 years old -

and men over 70.

I couldn't believe that they would

kill people like that.

Live coverage from The Hague

throughout the programme, we are

told the verdict is due around

9:45am.

Also the Chancellor Philip Hammond

will set out the Government's

spending plans today in his budget.

He's under pressure even from some

MPs in his own party to put

more money into housing,

schools and the NHS.

Here is one independent expert.

Now

it looks like the outlook is even

worse, his choice is Desi offset

that borrowing with more austerity

or add to and with more giveaways. A

difficult decision, made worse by

the uncertainty around Brexit and a

very slim parliamentary majority.

We

will find out how you could be

affected. And earlier this year one

Paralympian made an exclusive film

for you about the lack of disabled

toilet access on trains.

My name is Anne Wafula Strike.

I am a Paralympian.

I have won medals

in wheelchair racing.

I have an MBE.

But last year I was forced

to wet myself on a train.

She has now been awarded

compensation from the train company.

We'll be talking to her a little

later in the programme.

Hello,

welcome to the programme,

we're live until 11 this morning.

If you're watching I'm A Celebrity,

as millions of us are,

you'll know YouTuber Jack Maynard

is out of the programme

after just 72 hours.

ITV say, "Due to circumstances

outside the camp, Jack has had

to withdraw from the show."

We'll talk about the real reasons

he's gone after 10:30 this morning.

Here's how to get in touch today.

Send us an email at

[email protected], message us

on Twitter or Facebook.

Our top story today -

in the next hour, the United Nations

war crimes tribunal for the former

Yugoslavia is due to deliver

its verdict in the trial

of Ratko Mladic, the military

commander of Bosnian Serb forces

in the 1990s.

He faces two charges of genocide,

and nine of war crimes

and crimes against humanity.

They include the massacre

of 8,000 Muslim men

and boys at Srebrenica.

He denies all the charges.

We'll bring you the verdict live

and get reaction from those

who survived what's been described

by some as "ethnic cleansing".

Here is a reminder of how his role

in this devastating conflict played

out.

This is the man known

as the Butcher of Bosnia.

Ratko Mladic, former commander

of the Bosnian Serb forces.

In the 1990s, during the Bosnian

war, men he commanded killed

thousands of non-Serbs,

and forced hundreds of thousands

more from their homes.

His alleged plan had been

to ethnically cleanse Serbia,

targeting Muslim Bosnians

and Bosnian Serbs.

TRANSLATION:

I didn't think

they would kill so many

people, but in the end

they even killed children -

14, 15, 16 years old -

and men over 70.

I couldn't believe that they would

kill people like that.

Mladic is considered to have been

one of the key architects

of the Siege of Sarajevo in 1992,

in which an estimated

10,000 people died.

And in 1995 his forces massacred

more than 8000 men and boys,

at the supposedly UN safe

haven of Srebrenica.

Over five days, they reportedly

machine-gunned them in groups

of ten, before they were buried

by bulldozers in mass graves.

Mladic faces two counts of genocide

and nine counts of war crimes

and crimes against humanity.

He was charged in 1995,

and then went on the run for 16

years, until finally

being arrested in 2011.

His trial began soon

after, at The Hague.

That's the place where the mass

execution took place.

I could see the lines,

and rows and rows of dead bodies,

and I just could hear moans,

moans of other people

who were wounded.

In the Serb part of Bosnia, however,

Mladic remains to many a hero.

Today the International Criminal

Tribunal for former Yugoslavia

will deliver its verdict on Mladic,

over 20 years after

he was first charged.

This is the scene live in The Hague.

This is the presiding judge. He is

outlining the charges, we can listen

now. TRANSLATION:

The accused stood

trial for 11 crimes allegedly

committed in his capacity as

commander of the Serbian Republic,

between May 12, 1992, and 30th

November 19 95. The indictment

charged, two counts of genocide and

five counts of crimes against

humanity, namely persecution,

murder, extermination, deportation,

and the inhumane act of forcible

transfer. It also charged four can

solve violations of the laws or

customs of war, -- four counts,

namely murder, acts which the

primary purpose was to spread terror

among the population, unlawful

attacks on civilians, and the taking

of hostages. The geographical scope

of the indictment included Sarajevo,

Sir Pulitzer, and 15 municipalities

in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The

prosecution alleged that the accused

participated in four joint criminal

enterprises, also known as JCEs,

which I will summarise. First, an

overarching enterprise...

We will

leave the presiding judge at the

International criminal Tribunal, you

will have seen right, Tadic - Ratko

Mladic looking pretty nonchalant,

accused of crimes against humanity.

A spokesman for the tribunal says

the judge will read that summary, it

is quite long and it could take up

to an hour, and the last few

paragraphs of the summary will

reveal whether the trial chamber has

decided whether General Ratko Mladic

is guilty or not. We will bring you

those verdicts live from The Hague

as soon as they happen and we will

bring your reaction, of course. Now

the rest of the morning 's news with

Rebecca.

Good morning.

The Chancellor, Philip Hammond,

will present his Budget

in Parliament later.

He'll set out what he describes

as his plans to seize

the opportunities from Brexit,

while tackling deep-seated economic

challenges in the country head on.

Mr Hammond is under pressure

to balance the books

but also ease austerity,

amid significant tensions

within the Tory party.

Our political correspondent

Eleanor Garnier reports.

When the Chancellor opens his red

box to reveal his tax and spending

plans, money will be tight,

as the Government keeps saying.

The Chancellor's under huge pressure

to loosen the purse strings to put

more cash into public services

like the NHS.

But few expect the Chancellor to go

on a big spending spree.

Brexit is the backdrop

to everything in Westminster.

The tensions over the talks

with Brussels and division

in government over the EU don't make

the Chancellor's job any easier.

Any controversial budget plans,

like tax rises or spending cuts,

will be a difficult sell

without an overall

majority in the Commons.

The Tories' hope for a reboot at

the general election and the party

conference both failed.

Now many think it's up

to the Chancellor to deliver a big

Budget that will trigger the revival

that the party and the

Prime Minister need.

The stakes are high

for the Chancellor, and with some

in his own party wanting him sacked,

any slip-ups and he could find

himself out of a job.

Eleanor Garnier, BBC News,

Westminster.

Let's get more from our political

guru Norman Smith in Downing Street.

As we heard, Norman, the stakes

could not be higher. How much

pressure is Mr Hammond under today?

Huge pressure, not just politically

but also personally because many

Tory MPs seem to be almost taking

the view that if Mr Hammond fails,

good riddance to him. Why? Because

of Brexit. Some view him as unduly

negative and critical to Brexit and

to be quite comfortable if he was no

longer Chancellor. So he personally

has an enormous amount riding on

this budget, first to make sure

there are no gaffes like in the last

budget when there was that you turn

over national insurance

contributions, and also in terms of

tone. They want Mr Hammond to strike

a more upbeat, confident time,

particularly about Britain's

prospects once we leave the EU.

Against that, his room for manoeuvre

is incredibly constrained. Because

there is no money. We know there is

a persistent deficit, the economy is

slowing, there's Brexit uncertainty,

productivity still struggling, and

politically the government doesn't

have the majority to push through

radical measures. So despite all the

pressure on Mr Hammond to come up

with something big, the scope for

doing so is very, very tight.

Will

talk to you later, Norman, thank

you.

Uber has admitted that it concealed

a massive global breach

of the personal information

of 57 million customers

and drivers, which took place

in October last year.

The ride-sharing firm confirmed it

had paid the hackers responsible

£75,000 to delete the data,

which included customer

names, e-mail addresses

and mobile phone numbers.

Celebrations continued late into the

night in Zimbabwe following the

resignation of President Robert

Mugabe. There were jubilant scenes

on the streets after the 93-year-old

confirmed that he would step down in

a letter. It is expected that his

former liberty, Emmerson Mnangagwa,

who was sacked last week, will be

sworn in as replacement -- former

deputy.

David Cassidy, who found fame

in the television series

The Partridge Family before

going on to become a 1970s teen pop

idol, has died at the age 67.

He was admitted to hospital last

week after suffering

multiple organ failure.

Earlier this year the singer said

he had dementia and would stop

touring in order to "enjoy life".

That's a summary of the latest

BBC News, more at 9:30.

Thank you. Good morning, welcome to

the programme, now the sports news.

Will you have the radio on all night

for the start of the Ashes?

It's

hard to tell, it is so late, it all

begins at midnight tonight, do I

stay up go to bed and hear about the

end of it in the morning? The first

test begins in Brisbane. Jake Ball

is in the England squad, he missed

part of the final warm up game with

an ankle injury. He seems to have

overcome it and has been chosen

ahead of great Overton. Captain Joe

Root says Jake Ball's approach on

the Australia surfaces could be

challenging for them especially if

Australia don't have the opening bat

David Warner. He has a stiff neck.

They have a player on stand-by for

him. Australia captain Steve Smith

says he should be OK. We can hear

from Joe Root about that squad

selection.

It wasn't an easy

decision, I thought, Craig has come

in and everything that has been

asked of him,

he has done brilliantly. The guys on

their first tour have stood up to

the challenge and really impressed.

In that regard, it is great, because

the whole squad seems to be

performing in those warm up games

and we build some nice momentum

going in. Jake has been bowling well

when he's had his opportunities on

the tour, the way he goes about

things and these surfaces could be

really challenging for the

Australians.

Now the Champions

League. I was just thinking, to

listen to coverage, Five Live and

Test match special will be on from

11 o'clock tonight, Test match

special is on Radio 4 longwave.

Liverpool kind of imploded last

night but City and Tottenham have

won their groups.

A mixed bag for

British clubs in Champions League

action. Liverpool were leading 3-0

against Sevilla at half-time but it

was a second-half to forget when

opponents pulled back three.

Liverpool's defensive problems

exposed once

more. Manager Jurgen Klopp insists

there is no problem with the

Liverpool mentality, following the

second-half collapse and

misjudgements, if they had one they

would have qualified for the

knockout stages of the Champions

League which they haven't done since

2009. Now they need to avoid defeat

when they host Spartak Moscow next

month.

Two and a half times, in the

second half we made a mistake that

we did not carry on playing well, it

is normal to try to control the game

but a team like we are, we have to

control the game with the ball, we

didn't play football any more.

An incredible comeback for Sevilla,

perhaps inspired by Eduardo Brito,

who told his players he is suffering

from prostate cancer at half-time.

-- Eduardo Berizzo. All the players

rushed over to their boss when they

scored, and just to let you know,

Manchester City and Tottenham are

both through to the knockout stages

after wins last night.

That must

have been really emotional at

half-time, thank you, jazz. -- Jess.

There's only so much money to go

round and the Chancellor needs

to decide who needs it most

when he delivers his

annual Budget later.

This year he's under pressure

to fund low-cost housing

as well as finding money for major

public services such

as the NHS and schools.

And with a reduced parliamentary

majority following this

year's general election,

and Brexit on the horizon,

he's under more scrutiny than usual.

John Owen has been speaking

to people with strong views

about where the money should go.

So it's all eyes on this man.

With a reputation for caution,

he is facing calls to be radical,

and with the levers

of the Government's finances

at his fingertips, an awful lot

hinges on what he has to say.

Today the Chancellor

of the Exchequer

will announce his Budget.

And it's one of those big political

moments that really matters,

because we'll find out

the Government's spending plans

in all sort of areas that

affect our daily lives,

like health care and education.

And we'll also find out what plans

the Government has to make changes

to our taxes and benefits.

For Chancellors, Budgets

are always a risky business.

One slip could spell

political catastrophe,

but in the current climate

that's truer than ever.

Theresa May's government

is desperately looking for

a reset moment to get its ship back

on course, after a botched election,

an unhappy conference,

some seemingly endless Cabinet

infighting over Brexit, and a couple

of high-profile resignations.

So expect a lot of speculation

this morning

about what the Chancellor

might or might not safe.

But we thought we'd take

a slightly different approach,

because beneath the surface,

Budgets are ultimately all about

which arguments win out

in the constant tussle for resources

that goes on between

different sectors.

We're going to hear from people

will be making an impassioned case

for extra spending in their area

of interest, to get a sense

of the kind of arguments

that the Chancellor will have been

hearing ahead of this Budget.

But first, we'll need to understand

how much room for manoeuvre

the Chancellor actually has.

The Chancellor's in

a very difficult position.

The economy has grown very slowly

over the last ten years.

The deficit the Government

has is bigger than

the level the Chancellor wants,

so to bring that down he had a plan

to allow for more taxes to rise,

more welfare cuts to work their way

through, plus cuts to the budgets

of many public services.

So now it looks like the outlook

for the economy has got even worse.

His choice is does he try to offset

that extra borrowing

with more austerity?

Does he add to it

with perhaps some giveaways?

A very difficult decision,

all made on top of the uncertainty

around Brexit, and a very

slim parliamentary majority.

So with those tough conditions

in mind, where should the Chancellor

concentrate any spending

power he has?

Well, a popular place

to start might be the NHS.

In fact, all governments say that

health care is a priority,

and this one is no exception.

But palliative care doctor

Rachel Clarke argues that the NHS

is in urgent need of more spending.

Right now in the NHS,

conditions are as grim

and unsafe as I have

ever known them to be.

We have the horribly familiar scenes

in accident and emergency

departments of patients lined up

on trolleys in corridors,

ambulances trapped on the hospital

forecourts outside,

unable to drop off their patients.

People being treated

in incredibly dangerous scenarios

because there are no beds anywhere

in the hospital.

Our cancer performance

statistics are right down

at the bottom of the EU.

Our waiting lists, we're now

approaching 5 million people

stuck on long waiting lists

in this country.

The trolley waits in A&E departments

are horrendous, dangerous,

and also getting worse and worse.

On every conceivable metric,

things are falling apart.

The NHS is off the rails.

The fact is, and I can say this

from my own personal experience,

conditions are just

about as inhumane and unsafe

as you could imagine right now,

as we go into winter,

and anybody from the Government

who had to look into the eyes

of patients and relatives like I do,

I think,

would hang their heads in shame.

What we need from the Government

to fix this isn't a token gesture -

it's not a one-off tiny little

amount of extra money.

We need proper sustained investment,

probably of the order

of at least £4 billion

according to best estimates.

How about what we spend

on our armed forces?

With a new Defence Secretary

recently appointed,

will the Chancellor heed calls

for more spending on the military?

Former Royal Marine

officer James Glancy

says that a lack of investment might

mean Britain is left vulnerable.

The world is increasingly

an uncertain place.

We face a multitude of threats,

whether that cyber attacks

from state and non-state

actors, and increase in

proliferation of terrorism

around the world.

Countries like Iran,

Russia, North Korea -

they are strengthening

their militaries.

They are investing in

innovation and technology.

That mix of threats that Britain

faces now and in the future,

we simply do not have the capability

to respond to all those.

We've been salami-slicing

and cutting the defence budget,

which means all our services

- the Navy, Army and the RAF -

have less numbers, they have

less equipment and they have not

kept up with the pace of change

that we are seeing globally.

What we talk to see right now

in defence from the Treasury

is an increase in defence spending.

A minimum of £2 billion a year

for the next four years.

The UK's housing crisis has

also been creeping up

the political agenda recently,

as more and more people

are paying high rents

and are unable to raise enough money

to get onto the property ladder.

The Chancellor has already said

that he will announce plans

to build 300,000 homes a year,

but Conservative backbencher

and former Planning Minister

Nick Boles is calling

for more radicalism.

We have a critical problem,

which is having a huge economic

impact, and the social impact.

It's actually making our

economy less efficient,

and is making lives miserable,

that people are not able

to afford their own home.

I think the fundamental problem

we have is that we've been relying

on the private-sector house-builders

to build enough homes

to meet our housing need,

and our housing need is growing

because our population is growing,

partly because of ageing,

partly because of immigration,

partly because people want to move

out from home at an earlier age.

And we can't just rely

on the private-sector

house-builders to do it all.

They've never done it all.

Throughout the history

of the country,

since we introduced

the planning system,

they've only ever

done a share of it.

What we need is for government

to get back into the business

of building substantial numbers

of houses every year, so what

I'm proposing is that we create

a new Grenfell Housing Commission -

called that obviously as a memorial

to the people who died

in the Grenfell Tower fire -

which would actually

commission 50,000 new

affordable homes every year.

And by affordable I mean

genuinely affordable,

like council houses and flats,

homes that people who are

working in, say, the NHS

can afford to move into,

and eventually hopefully to buy.

Of the many arguments over resources

being had around Whitehall

at the moment, none have been more

fierce than those relating

to the Government's flagship welfare

reform, universal credit.

The Government has merged six

benefits into one to simplify

the system, and promised that there

are new approach will make work pay

for claimants.

But critics, like Shadow Work and

Pensions Secretary Debbie Abrahams,

argue that long waiting times

for payments, and less generosity

in the system as a whole,

are causing misery.

Rumour has it that the Chancellor

will make some concessions in this

area today, but don't bet on them

being enough to silence critics.

There are about 600,000 people

who are on universal

credit at the moment.

Over the winter, that's

going to increase to a million,

so that's not insignificant in terms

of the numbers involved there.

And as it's being rolled out

we are hearing about more and more

issues that relate to it,

so for example the Child Poverty

Action Group charity published

evidence last week that's estimating

by 2020 an additional 1 million

children, including 300,000

children under five,

will be pushed into poverty.

Now that is, you know,

for the fifth richest country

in the world,

that's an absolute travesty.

And there are also going to be

900,000 working-age adults

who will be affected as well.

So this is a government policy

which is actually leading to debts,

to evictions, the poverty.

We need to recognise

that universal credit

is for people who are out of work,

but also people in work.

We have seen massive increases

in people who are in work

who are living in poverty,

so there are about 7.5 million

people in work in poverty.

That's at record levels.

We know that we have

a dysfunctional labour market.

We have the ongoing

issues around low pay.

We haven't seen a proper pay rise

in ten years, and on top

of that we have a dysfunctional

social security system.

So the social security system,

including universal credit,

is meant to be there as a safety

net, and it's not doing that.

And, as I say, if we recognise that

we do not find it acceptable

for people in work to

be living in poverty,

for their children to be living

in poverty, then we need to do

something about it, and I know

from speaking to people,

and also from the evidence,

that the majority of people

find this totally unacceptable,

and feel that there should be this

safety net, and it's not there.

And so on all of these areas,

and many more, the Chancellor

is under intense pressure

to loosen the purse strings.

But with the public finances

still not the best of health,

and economists at least predicting

a rocky road ahead as Britain leaves

the EU, the Chancellor might not

have the flexibility

that he would ideally want.

Nonetheless, we'll see later

today what he considers

Let's speak now to Bim Afolami,

who is a Conservative MP,

Rushanara Ali, Labour MP and Member

of the Treasury Select Committee,

and Alison Thewliss

MP, who is the SNP's

Treasury spokesperson.

Let we start with you, Mr Afolami,

doesn't the general election results

suggest there are great swathes of

the British public that wants to see

an injection of cash into the NHS,

and borrowing to fund building more

houses? They are tired of austerity.

I don't think that is necessarily

wrong. What we need to do with his

Budget, and over the next few years,

is to move beyond austerity and move

into a period of greater growth, but

more investment, taking a balanced

approach, but making sure the

deficit falls year on year, and I

hope this will be the start of that

process.

Widdop fund investment with

borrowing or cutting taxes?

It

depends what you are investing in.

Let's say housing.

There is a

mixture between, you know, the

supply-side plans aren't planning

and regulatory things to increase

house-building by private

house-builders, but also, yes, we

should maybe look at central

government or local government being

able to borrow in order to invest to

build housing, with assets on the

balance sheet, not liabilities.

You

would go for that as a Labour MP,

wouldn't you?

It is right to borrow

for infrastructure, Sajid Javid has

asked for 50 billion or so, because

of the Government is serious about

tackling the housing crisis, they

need to be building 300,000 homes a

year. That hasn't happened. In

London, we have a massive housing

crisis, we want more freedoms for

councils to be able to build, and

for an injection of resources, but

also, importantly, to make sure the

status of EU migrant is addressed.

You have got 100,000 EU migrant is

working in construction in London

alone, so the housing sector needs

an injection of funding, but also

the supply of labour to deal with

the need for housing.

He is not

going to address that.

But there is

a broader issue about uncertainty

around Brexit, but also the economic

climate, and we need more investment

in housing, but also policing, where

violent crime has gone up over the

last few years, but also the

policing cuts in London, in the face

of terrorism and other threats,

where we face £400 million worth of

cuts, that is going to do serious

damage to the service in London. And

around the country. So I will be

looking for an investment in

policing, reversing cuts in

education funding, where there is

still a black hole of £200 billion,

as well as investing in housing and

the NHS.

Universal credit, if I may

talk to you about that, your party

once the roll-out altered until what

you call fundamental flaws have been

fixed. Now, he might be, it is

suggested, announcing something

today to reduce the delay from six

weeks to possibly four or five.

That

would help but not fix the problems,

which are mostly to do with the

amount of money that people are

getting - it does not pay people to

go out and work, because it is a

benefit that you can get when you

are working, and it is squeezing

people so much that they are being

forced to go to foodbanks, and it is

causing huge problems in terms of

housing areas. Because people have

to wait for the money, they are

going into huge housing debt of over

£1000.

Do you acknowledging has been

a success in terms of getting people

more people back into work and then

staying in work longer?

There is not

a huge mud of evidence to support

that. Weather has been an increase,

it has been pretty marginal, and the

cost to everyone else has been

pretty huge, and it is driving

people to foodbank use, which has

soared under this government, now

more than a million parcels being

given out every year.

You know the

DWP will say there are, likes

reasons for that. The want to see

some help for people who are waiting

a long time to get that?

The first

thing to say is that the concept of

wrapping all these very conflict

benefits into one is one supported

by all major parties, and all the

people who look at this in the

sector. I do think it is important

that we can move the six weeks

weight down to four or five, I think

that would help. But also the

Government has taken a pretty

sensible approach, usually these

projects are rolled out too quickly

and screwed up as a result, but we

are doing it slowly and

proportionately to adapt it as it is

being rolled out over time.

It hasn't been adapting well enough,

if you look at the problem in

Inverness, as the leader of the

Highland Council and an MP they have

seen that lessons have not been

learned and people are still facing

torturous weights, being forced into

poverty, forced to go to food banks

and losing tenancy as a result of

how Universal Credit works.

Is the

Labour MP, the Chancellor is under

pressure from many in his own party

as well as opposition politicians.

Why is it, when in every opinion

poll when people are asked who they

trust to run the economy it is

Theresa May and Philip Hammond

rather than Jeremy Corbyn and John

McDonnell?

There is each concern

about this government. Because they

have been busy infighting. -- huge

concern.

Yet they are still more

trusted than Labour?

I would take

issue with that.

Every single pole!

They are reacting, not being

strategic about the needs of this

country and Brexit negotiations are

about internal warfare...

Does that

not interest you?

That is what the

public are concerned about. They are

worried about their families, their

livelihoods, this government are not

concerned about that, they are just

concerned with staying in power.

May

finish the question? Theresa May and

Philip Hammond are trusted in every

opinion poll more than Labour.

The

opinion poll said Mrs May would get

huge majority in the general

election and she didn't, she got

hung parliament. I am simply saying

that of course we must work hard to

win the trust of the people in order

to win an election. Sadly we did not

but neither did Theresa May, she got

a hung parliament. I think we should

take opinion polls with a big pinch

of salt.

We have a lot of nurses and

students watch this programme.

Should the nurses pay cap be lifted?

A lot of nurses and students watch

this programme. Should the nurses

pay cap be lifted? I hope the

government, in the budget, will lift

this idea of universal pay cap

across all the public sector. If it

were up to me and I would prioritise

the lowest paid public sector

workers, a lot of nurses would fit

into that, I don't think we should

raise levels at all levels.

Students

pay up to 6.1% interest on student

loans when the Bank of England base

rate is 1.5%. The Tories really have

a problem with young people, that

would address that.

It would but

what is more important is to get the

system right and working.

In the

meantime you could reduce that

interest rate.

I think we should

look at the system in the round and

over time the system won't work from

the government, from the Treasury's

perspective we can't get repayments

up to a certain level and I think

the interest rate being 6.1% is not

necessarily helpful to that. The

government says it will do to issue

fees reviews and I hope to be part

of that and I hope we can get a more

sensible outcome.

Thank you for

coming on the programme. Coverage on

BBC News of the budget which will be

after PMQs. Coming up in the next

half-hour.

He was known as the "Butcher

of Bosnia" - we'll have more

coverage from The Hague this morning

as Ratko Mladic learns his fate.

There is the presiding judge. He is

going to the charges. He will be due

to speak for about 45 minutes to one

hour and after that period he will

let us know whether the chamber has

found Ratko Mladic guilty of

genocide and crimes against

humanity.

And a race against time -

more on the Argentinian navy

submarine that's been missing

for nearly a week.

Time for the latest

news, here's Rebecca.

The BBC News headlines this morning.

An international war

crimes court in The Hague

is delivering its verdict

in the genocide trial

of Ratko Mladic.

Mladic, the military commander

of Bosnian Serb forces

in the 1990s, has denied

charges of genocide, war

crimes and crimes against humanity.

He's accused of being responsible

for the massacre of 8,000

Muslim men and boys

at Srebrenica in 1995.

Zimbabwe state TV reports that

Emmerson Mnangagwa will be sworn in

as the next president.

Celebrations continued late

into the night in Zimbabwe

following the resignation

of President Robert Mugabe.

There were jubilant scenes

on the streets after the 93-year-old

confirmed that he would step down

in a letter.

Emmerson Mnangagwa was the deputy of

Robert Mugabe before he was sacked,

prompting the military to intervene.

The Chancellor, Philip Hammond,

will present his Budget

in Parliament today.

His statement comes

amid pressure to announce

far-reaching measures to tackle

the housing shortage, put more money

into the NHS and ease austerity.

He's expected to say the UK must

"seize the opportunities"

from Brexit, while tackling economic

challenges "head on".

Nearly a week after an Argentine

navy submarine disappeared

in the southern Atlantic,

officials are worried about oxygen

levels inside for the 44

crew members on board.

It's understood better weather

is helping the search effort

for the San Juan submarine

which disappeared last

Wednesday after reporting

an electrical breakdown.

But officials say if the sub has

been unable to rise to the surface

it would be near the end

of its seven-day oxygen supply.

Uber has admitted it concealed

a massive global breach

of the personal information

of 57 million customers

and drivers, which took place

in October last year.

The ride-sharing firm

confirmed it had paid

the hackers responsible

£75,000 to delete

the data, which included customer

names, email addresses

and mobile phone numbers.

David Cassidy, who found fame

in the television series

The Partridge Family before

going on to become a 1970s teen pop

idol, has died at the age 67.

He was admitted to hospital last

week after suffering

multiple organ failure.

Earlier this year the singer said

he had dementia and would stop

touring in order to "enjoy life".

That's a summary of

the latest BBC News.

Thank you very much. The Ashes begin

tonight, you may know that already.

Jess is here with the sport. That's

what our start, England have

announced their team before the

first Ashes Test in Brisbane at

midnight tonight. Jake Ball, the

seam bowler, is included over Craig

Overton after overcoming an ankle

injury. Second-half collapse as

Liverpool throw away a 3-goal lead

in a 3-3 draw with similar in the

Champions League group stages, which

delays their possible qualification

in the last 16. Todd did Dortmund so

they are through to the knockout

stages top of their group.

Manchester City are also true.

England women's captain Sarah Hunter

celebrated her latest cap with a

victory at Twickenham, the win

secures them the series. That is all

the sport for now. A judge at the

war crimes tribunal this at and

landing charges against the former

wartime general Ratko Mladic. He is

accused of ordering the killing of

8000 and Muslim men and boys in the

town of Srebrenica in the 1990s.

TRANSLATION:

The members of the

overarching joint criminal

enterprise

included several generals. Many of

the charged crimes were committed by

units used as tools in furtherance

of the overarching joint criminal

enterprise. These included members

of the CRS and territorial defence

and of the supervision of the

Bosnian Serb defence minister.

Various paramilitary groups and

members of regional municipal

authorities. We now turn to the

accused's responsibility for the

crimes found to have been committed.

To determine the contribution of the

accused chamber considered the acts

of the accused during the existence

of the overarching JCE in particular

given many of the principal

perpetrators of the crimes were

members of the VRS. Between May 1992

and 1995 the accused issued orders

which established and organised the

VRS and its organs. The accused was

also closely involved with VRS

operations...

I have been asked by

the accused if you may use the

bathroom.

Yes. I will first finish

my sentence, and then we will take a

break for five minutes. I started my

sentence by saying the accused was

also closely involved in VRS

operations as evidenced by regular

briefings, meetings and inspections,

and issued orders and operational

directives to its units as well as

other groups. We will take a short

break, and we will resume at a

quarter to 11 o'clock.

That will be

quarter to ten UK time, we will be

back life at the tribunal, the

International criminal Tribunal for

the former Yugoslavia in the next

few minutes. Let me introduce you to

my guest.

Let's talk now to Nedzad Avdic,

who you just saw in that film.

He's one one of few men to survive

Srebrenica but lost his dad

and uncle in the massacre.

And Safet Vukalic,

whose brother and father

got sent to concentration

camps and survived.

I will ask you both, how significant

is this day for you?

It is very

significant. One of the main reasons

is that the world seems to be

talking just about the genocide in

Srebrenica and most people just

think there was one incident, yet

this was happening for three and a

half years all-around Bosnia. The

obvious thing about Srebrenica was

how fast it happened. Just over a

week, 8000 people killed, the manner

in which it was done, and the fact

that they were protected by the

United Nations, it deserves a

special place in history. But I hope

these proceedings will bring more

information to people to actually

come and eventually say that the

genocide happened in the whole of

Bosnia. That is the main outcome we

are looking for.

OK. Nedzad, how

significant is this day for you?

It

is a very important day for all of

us. This verdict comes very late,

unfortunately for many victims. But

I want to emphasise that this is

very important, this is an

historical day for us and for our

country. This verdict is not only

for general Mladic, he is not

important in this case, because he

is almost half a dead man. He

pretends that he is crazy, that he

doesn't remember anything, and we

cannot recognise him, and his

arrogance but I have to say, this

verdict will have historical

significance and will have a huge

impact here in Bosnia on our

situation. But if we want to say

something about justice, if we look

at Mladic on one side, an old man,

and on the other side, I have

destroyed country, a divided

country, and catastrophic

consequences that he left, -- a half

destroyed country, justice is a

relative thing that the victims. But

I must say that the verdict is very

important. And I hope it will help

us move forward.

OK.

I want to ask you, Safet, you talked

about the manner in which people

were killed in Srebrenica, and while

the UN were supposed to be

protecting those men and boys. There

will be younger members of our

audience who will ask how that

happened.

If you ask people after

World War II, will we have genocide

and concentration camps, they would

say no way. But Srebrenica was

supposedly protected by the United

Nations, and they have the world

behind them, and they just let it

happen. We watched, and we could not

believe that they just stood aside.

This was preplanned, it did not

happen in one hour, the Serbs just

ran in. They could have stopped it.

Even when they went into Srebrenica,

they could have prevented those

thousands of people perishing. There

are still mothers looking for

bodies, remains, thousands of people

have not been found yet. One of my

neighbours, half of his body has

been found. His parents never found

the rest, his mother has died, she

did not manage to bury him properly.

Thousands across Bosnia. With the UN

protection, it happened, and the

world has got a lot to make up for

in Bosnia. And Europe has to stand

up and start doing what is right,

not allowing... I mean, talking

about justice, the trial, and this

is one man - it is what they have

created in Radovan Karadzic and

other leaders, with the help from

Serbia, because it was the Serbian

Yugoslav army then, they try to take

Slovenia, Croatia, than Bosnia.

There is a common link, there is no

excuses for people to say that

Serbia was not involved - they were,

and their country has been

legalised. I would say, if you can

get a around you,, kill these other

religions, we will recognise you, we

will allow you to participate in the

United Nations and represent. I

mean, we have people who do not

recognise Bosnia as a country,

Republika Srpska is always denying

genocide in Srebrenica.

We have seen

other military and political leaders

go on trial for war crimes during

the Bosnian war, and they have

received guilty verdict and

sentences of anything from five and

up to 40 years, two life sentences.

What are you expecting today?

In

terms of years, I am not thinking

about it too much. I think the years

are irrelevant in a sense, it is

more relevant what comes out, what

the world finally admits. We know

what happened. My father was in

three concentration camps, my

brother was in two. I have spoken

about it many times, Nedzad survived

mass killing. And those things need

to be written in history, people

need to start learning that, as much

as about the Holocaust. Bosnia is so

important because of the Holocaust.

We need to be minded of the

Holocaust because of Bosnia. The two

are so linked.

You say these things

need to be written in history, and

yet it was only 20 years ago.

Absolutely, Europe was trying to

unite more, to have free movement,

free trade and all those other

things, and this was happening in

the backyard, part of their home,

this is Europe, we are in Europe,

but we were left for three and a

half years while these things were

going on. There wasn't excuses,

because the video came out, it went

to the whole world, all the

concentration camps in 1992,

Srebrenica happened in 1985.

Nedzad,

we are going to go back live to the

tribunal, when they reconvene, and

we will have more time to talk after

we hear the verdicts, of course. But

at 17, you effectively thought your

life was over. Tell our audience

what happened.

It is... It is a long

story. But I have to say that at the

time, until that moment, I was

accustomed on many massacres, I saw

many massacres everywhere. My

relatives, so many relatives,

neighbours, schoolmates, I saw

everything, but I was not ready for

that what happened in July of 1995,

because nobody could imagine that. I

could imagine that they could kill

one man, ten men, hundred men, but

to kill all of us I couldn't

believe, and we were loaded on the

trucks. After we were taking to the

school and prison, they promised us

that we would be with our families

in the next days, but it wasn't the

truth. They had a clear plan for us.

They had prepared locations for us.

They had opened schools and houses,

furniture for us, they had dug

graves, mass graves. They had ready

trucks, buses, with all the

machinery that was included in that,

and a no-one can say it is such an

incident. It was planned, and they

had a clear plan for us. They didn't

ask even for our names. And as soon

as they started the killing, when I

was taken to the place for the mass

execution, I was shocked there, and

I don't remember if I lost

consciousness there. -- shot.

How

did you survive?

But when somebody

ask Smee how that happened, I say,

God saved me. There was no chance to

survive, but when they left, they

left me for dead, they didn't know

if I was alive. Yet they left the

place, and after that I tried to

turn my head, because I have lost

much of my blood, I was stumbling.

But in one moment, I noticed someone

was moving in front of me, and that

was another survivor, and I asked

him, are you alive? He said, yes, we

helped each other and managed to

escape before the

next truck arrived, and after that

came days of suffering. What I saw

the day after the massacre, one

kilometre distance, I saw those

which collected the dead bodies and

put them on the trucks to take them

to the mass grave. It was a horrible

scene to see, and I never, never

ever could imagine such a scene. And

from that place, I saw all the

brutality, what they were ready to

do without any reason, without any

justified reason, just because of

dirty political goals. And...

Sorry

to interrupt you. You cannot see

Safet, who is sitting here, but you

are finding this incredibly moving,

incredibly distressing, as Nedzad is

describing what happened. The

presiding judge at the tribunal has

been talking through some of the

things that Nedzad is telling us

today. In terms of his summing up

before we hear the verdicts, which

are due any time soon, we are told.

Thank you so much for the moment,

both of you, we really appreciate

you, particularly as we can see how

distressing it is. We really

appreciate you educating our

audience about what you have

experienced. We will come back to

you, of course, when we hear the

verdicts.

An Argentinian navy submarine that's

been missing for nearly a week

could be about to run out of oxygen.

An urgent multinational

search is under way to try

and save the 44-member crew off

Argentina's South Atlantic coast.

The navy lost contact with the ARA

San Juan submarine on November 15th,

just after the vessel's captain

reported a failure

in the battery system

while it was submerged.

If sub has been unable to surface,

the oxygen might

last only seven days.

Let's talk now to Ryan Ramsey,

he's a former submarine captain

who used to train crew and captains

in how to deal

with emergency situations.

Captain Dan Conley

also joins us from Bristol.

He is a retired submariner

who headed up

the Royal Navy submarine

escape and rescue operation.

Hello, both of you, thank you very

much for talking to us. I know that

when you first heard the news about

this Argentinian submarine, it

reminded you of an incident in

Northern Ireland - what happened

there?

So a Canadian submarine had

just finished its training and was

on its way back to Canada after

completing that, and they took some

water into the hull which said off

some electrical failures and fires,

and it was lucky that the Royal Navy

and the Canadian navy were able to

respond so quickly. One person lost

their lives, but everyone else was

saved and the submarine was brought

back.

If this submarine is stuck on

the sea bed, what will those on

board the trying to do?

Well, it has

now been missing six days, and they

will be very much still alive,

trying to conserve the oxygen and

the life-support systems. But very

regrettably, in there was no signal

from the satellite alert beacons,

and I think sadly it is probably

very likely that was caused by a

battery explosion or a serious

flood, and they did report that they

had battery problems last week.

How

pessimistic are you?

I am very

pessimistic. I think, if they were

still alive, I think they would have

managed to somehow contact the

rescue forces. The other possibility

is that the submarine is well over

the South American continental shelf

in the deepwater and has gone below

its crushed depth, in which case

inevitably the crew will have

perished.

Ryan Ramsey, how do you

react to that?

I think our thoughts

must go out to the, thoughts and

prayers to the families associated

with the crew. It is impressive that

the entire international submarine

community is focused on this, and we

must have some hope. I do agree,

though, that if it is over the

continental shelf, there is no hope,

unfortunately. If it is within that,

we are reaching the far point being

able to intervene and save if they

are on the sea bed.

I have heard

what you have both said - if they

were to be found, if they were

alive, how would they be extracted

from that scenario?

So there is a

variety of rescue systems, I know

that the US have deployed their

rescue system, the Royal Navy has

deployed the parachute action group,

they are in the Falkland islands

ready to go. If it is on the

continental shelf, within two metres

of the water, then they can get down

and get to them, but they have got

to locate it first, and so far we

have no idea where it is, so that is

a real challenge in itself.

Thank

you very much, thank you, Ryan

Ramsey, former submarine captain,

and Dan Conley, retired submariner.

Before the news and sport, the

weather.

Big increases and a sharp cuts, not

talking about the Budget, our

weather is going to give some strong

winds through today, increasing as

the day goes on and overnight, and

the cuts are the temperatures,

getting colder by the end of the

week. Heavy rain across Northern

Ireland, Wales, north-west England

and the south-west Scotland, and as

that moves into northern Scotland,

there will be snow falling here.

Further south and east, dry and

bright, still very mild,

temperatures up to 15 or 16.

Overnight and eight, strong winds

transferring eastwards across

England and Wales, still some

outbreaks of rain at times,

increasingly snow at lower levels

during Thursday morning. We could

see as much as 2-5 centimetres of

snow in northern Scotland at lower

levels, more than that of our high

ground. That will ease off during

Thursday, and then for many of us a

dry day, sunshine, showers in

northern and western areas, but

noticeably colder in the north and

west, 6-9 Celsius. Still holding

onto the milder weather towards the

south-east.

Hello, it's Wednesday November

22nd, it's 10 o'clock,

I'm Victoria Derbyshire.

The former Bosnian Serb commander,

Ratko Mladic, nicknamed "the butcher

of Bosnia" waits to learn his fate.

He has denied charges

of genocide, war crimes

and crimes against humanity.

The chamber found that the Bosnian

Serb forces engaged in operations to

murder thousands of Muslims from

Srebrenica, with intent to commit

the crime of persecution.

Some of

those murder incidents were found to

constitute extermination.

We will

bring you the verdicts live as soon

as they come in.

Also this morning,

as the Chancellor prepares to set

out his spending plans -

he's under serious pressure to ease

austerity AND balance the books.

Housing and policing should be his

priorities, says one MP.

We need

much more in housing but also

policing, where violent crime has

gone up since the last few years,

also the policing cuts in London in

the face of terrorism.

"Completely robbed of her dignity"

we hear from the Paralympian

and disability rights campaigner

Anne Wafula Strike, who has won

a financial settlement

after being forced to wet herself

on a CrossCountry train.

My name is Anne Wafula Strike.

I am a Paralympian.

I have won medals

in wheelchair racing.

I have an MBE.

But last year I was forced

to wet myself on a train.

We will be speaking to her live in

the next hour of the programme.

Good morning.

Here's Rebecca in the BBC Newsroom

with a summary of today's news.

Good morning.

An international war

crimes court in the Hague

is delivering its verdict

in the genocide trial

of Ratko Mladic.

Mladic, the military commander

of Bosnian Serb forces

in the 1990s, has denied

charges of genocide, war

crimes and crimes against humanity.

He's accused of being responsible

for the massacre of 8,000

Muslim men and boys

at Srebrenica in 1995.

The judge has been detailing

the charges that Ratko Mladic

had been tried for.

The chamber found that Bosnian Serb

forces engaged in an operation to

murder thousands of Muslims from

Srebrenica with intent so as to

commit the crime of persecution.

Some of those murders, and murder

incidents, were found to constitute

extermination.

The Chancellor, Philip Hammond,

will present his Budget

in Parliament today.

His statement comes

amid pressure to announce

far-reaching measures to tackle

the housing shortage, put more money

into the NHS and ease austerity.

He's expected to say the UK must

"seize the opportunities"

from Brexit, while tackling economic

challenges "head on".

Emmerson Mnangagwa will be

sworn is as president

of Zimbabwe on Friday,

according to the state broadcaster.

Emmerson Mnangagwa is due to return

to the country dated today just over

two weeks since he was dismissed as

vice president by Robert Mugabe. The

sacking triggered the military

intervention which led to the

resignation of Robert Mugabe

yesterday.

Uber has admitted it concealed

a massive global breach

of the personal information

of 57 million customers

and drivers, which took place

in October last year.

The ride-sharing firm confirmed it

had paid the hackers

responsible £75,000

to delete the data.

That's a summary of the latest BBC

News - more at 10.30.

Thank you very much. We will be back

soon at The Hague where we await the

verdicts on the former Bosnian Serb

commander, Ratko Mladic. They are

due to reconvene at quarter past

ten, we are told. Before that, the

sport.

The Ashes begin tonight,

you may know that already.

England have announced

their team before

the

first Ashes Test in Brisbane

at midnight tonight.

Jake Ball, the seam bowler,

is included over Craig

Overton after overcoming

an ankle injury.

Joe Root says his performances could

be challenging for the Australians

especially if they are without

opening batsman David Warner who has

a stiff neck. A player is on

stand-by for him, Aussie captain

Steve Smith says he should be able

to play. That sera from both

captains.

Not an easy decision,

Craig has come into the squad and

everything he has done, everything

asked of him, he's done brilliantly,

the new guys have stood up to the

pressure brilliantly. It is great

because the whole squad seems to be

performing in the warm up games and

we've built some good momentum going

in. Jake has bowled well when he's

had his opportunities, and the way

he goes about things on these

services could be really challenging

for the Australians.

I think there's

always pressure going into an Ashes

Series especially when you are

playing at home. We don't need to

put any more pressure on ourselves,

if that makes sense. It's still just

another game of cricket and we have

to come out here and make sure we

are playing well from the first

ball, playing well in that first

session, making sure that we are in

the contest.

Not long to go, you can

listen to the build-up from 11

o'clock tonight on BBC radio five

Life. Victoria. Thank you.

We'll hear later this

morning the government's

plans for the economy.

The Chancellor's budget speech

is being seen as a huge

moment for him personally

and for the government,

as economic growth is slowing

and uncertainty over Brexit

is unsettling businesses

and consumers, leaving the cautious

Philip Hammond limited

room for manoeuvre.

But before we get into all that,

let's take a look at

what the government currently

spends on what.

John Owen has this:

The Government currently takes

in around £744 billion in taxes.

Let's imagine that this £1 note

from the board game Monopoly

is in fact £1 billion.

This is the total amount of money

that the UK Government takes

in, in taxes per year.

So, how is it currently spent?

The single biggest spending area

at a total cost of around

£245 billion is what the Government

calls social protection.

That includes pensions,

which is by far the biggest slice,

and benefit payments.

Most of which are paid

to people in work.

Next up is healthcare at £149

billion.

That includes everything

that we spend on the NHS.

That's followed by education,

schools and universities,

coming in at around £102 billion.

And then there's defence,

that's all the money for the Army,

Air Force and Navy,

plus the intelligence

and Security Services,

that all swallows up

about £48 billion.

Transport takes up

about £37 billion.

Then you've got public order

and safety, that includes the police

and that takes up about £34 billion.

Housing and the environment,

£36 billion.

Here is one to keep in mind -

at £46 billion, the amount we spend

on interest payments

to service our national debt is more

than we spend on the police,

on housing and the environment,

on transport, and it's money

that we can't spend in other areas.

Now, here is the problem -

when you add up the money

that we spend on the rest, including

all of our EU transactions,

the money we spend on international

development, the total comes out

at about £802 billion.

And we don't quite have enough

in our tax pile to pay for it.

Fortunately, the Government has

a trick up its sleeve, borrowing.

The Government borrows the rest

of the money it needs to make up

all of its spending commitments.

The difference between

what the Government takes in in tax

and what it spends is called

the deficit, and at the time

of the last Budget it was predicted

to be around £58 billion this year.

So, using the rest of the total tax

take, plus the money we borrowed,

we can make up all the other

spending commitments

that the government currently has.

Let's speak now to three women

who span different generations

and backgrounds to talk

about what matters to them,

and what they'd like

to see in the budget.

Toluwa Agboola is a student.

Margaret Dangoor, a pensioner

who cares for her husband.

And Julia Streets, an entrepreneur

and small business owner.

Welcome, all of you, thank you for

coming on the programme. Let me ask

each of you what matters to you,

Toluwa, as the Chancellor delivers

his budget.

As a student, student

finance, student loans and housing

as well, in central London housing

prices are incredibly expensive.

Those over two primary things.

Renting particularly.

Yes, buying is

quite a way of considering how

complicated that is at the moment.

Margaret, hello.

Yes, for me it is

about social care but also about

housing for the young. That's such a

crucial area to think about. My

concentration would be on health and

social care.

Julia?

For me it is all

about stability, looking at Brexit,

there's so much uncertainty, I'm

concerned about some of the VAT

rates, and a bit concerned about

investment in small enterprises but

for me it is about keeping it stable

because who knows what the future

looks like.

I am interested to hear

you say you worry about housing

costs for people like our student

here. There's been a lot of

discussion about intergenerational

unfairness or fairness. Do people

like Toluwa have it harder than you

did...?

It's very different. I have

been married 50 years but it was

hard for us them. We didn't get help

from our parents, we were expected

to go out and earn a living. In our

take women's salary income wasn't

taken into consideration with

mortgages. It was the husband's

salary. And we were not well off.

The average middle-class couple

would be working hard and even then,

before I look back at my parents, I

can well remember their situation.

Write to the generations in

different ways, most of us have

founded a hard struggle to get on

the housing ladder, even more so

now.

Do you accept that?

Absolutely.

It has a lot to do with contacts.

What is difficult for me now was

different from what was hard for you

but...

Or relative. Although in

state pensions are protected by the

so-called triple lock in a way that

we have seen rent rises, house

prices go up, education maintenance

grants cut, in a way that pensioners

haven't seen.

I think it is a

difficult dilemma because when you

are older you do spend quite a bit

and just existing! I work part-time.

But most of us are not earning,

living on past savings. I need more

heating. The husband is in advanced

dementia now. I have a problem with

circulation so you are spending more

on the essentials of life. We have

to look at people as individuals

really, travelling through life, and

look at the issues at each stage of

our lives.

She is so sensible! I

love a sensible woman, I must be

honest. You talk about uncertainty

as a small-business owner. What can

the say today to calm nerves as we

approach Brexit -- what can the

Chancellor say.

How long has he got!

It's a good question. For me, I

don't want to repeat myself, but

don't do anything radical. Be

interesting, we talk about business,

intergenerational, I see new

business models developing so

technology, thinking about how

Britain could become more

competitive, that is what I do all

day, work with entrepreneurs who are

innovating.

About money that you

would like to see interested, how

would you raise that money. Would

you want him to borrow it because it

is for investment, the Bank of

England base rate is so low. Would

you want to raise taxes somewhere to

finance that, or see him make Bob

cuts?

Personally, I don't think