A Dangerous World Wild Brazil


A Dangerous World

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Brazil - the beating heart of South America.

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Vast landscapes carved by the irresistible forces of nature.

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More animals live here than in any other nation on Earth.

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This is the story of three of them.

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As the seasons change, animal families face extreme challenges.

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THUNDER

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Immense floods.

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Brutal drought.

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Surviving and raising young.

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Through the good times and the bad.

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SCREECHING

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This is an intimate journey to the heart of a spectacular country.

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At the equinox, Brazil's climate pauses briefly

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between harsh, seasonal extremes.

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For the youngsters, this is the time to take their first steps

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in this extraordinary and often dangerous world.

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SQUAWKING

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This is the newest member of a family of tufted capuchins.

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For him, so far, life has been easy.

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His devoted mother has carried him around everywhere

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since the day he was born.

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But times change and soon he must gain some independence.

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QUIET SCREECHES

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And it won't be easy, because this family of capuchins

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live in one of Brazil's most extreme landscapes.

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These are the sheer cliffs of Piaui in the north east of Brazil.

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Food is hard to come by here.

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No wonder this little baby clings on so tightly.

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This really isn't the safest place to search for breakfast.

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At this time of year, it's about their only option.

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But this fast food is no easy meal.

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These lizards are a precious source of both food and water.

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But catching one with a baby on your back is almost impossible.

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Someone else has beaten them to it.

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The lizard is out of reach in a crack.

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There's no meal for this mother, but this baby can watch and learn.

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These capuchins are possibly the world's cleverest monkeys.

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There's nothing they like more than a problem to solve.

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This particular problem requires finding and shaping

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just the right tool to force this lizard out of hiding.

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And if at first you don't succeed, it's back to the tool box.

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These monkeys use more tools than almost any other animal.

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And a lizard is no match for such determined intelligence.

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Success brings a tasty meal for one,

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while the baby's mother goes hungry again.

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And if she starves,

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then HE starves.

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For both their sakes,

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this little monkey must start his journey to independence.

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But letting go won't be easy for either of them...

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..and it's going to be risky in these unforgiving canyons.

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The ancient rivers that carved the monkeys' spectacular home

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have long since dried up.

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But elsewhere in Brazil,

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water is still shaping entire landscapes.

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In the west of the country, they give rise to one of the wonders

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of the natural world.

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The Pantanal.

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This is the largest and richest freshwater wetland on the planet.

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The Pantanal is home to one

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of Brazil's noisiest families.

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LOUD SQUEALS

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Giant otters.

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Their holt is a hole in the riverbank.

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An experienced mother stands guard

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whilst one of her adolescent sons plays outside.

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He's almost 2m long

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and, for some reason, still living at home.

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In fact, young giant otters often stick around,

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but this mother has 12 of them living under her roof.

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LOUD SQUEALS

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And she's just added three tiny new members to her family.

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They're tucked away in the darkest, safest, corner of the holt.

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But it won't be long before they'll have to start learning about life

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in the outside world.

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SQUEALS

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With so many mouths to feed,

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the family's top priority is keeping hold of their territory.

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For giant otters, that means

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scent-marking in the family latrine.

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GURGLING AND SQUEALING

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The father takes this job very seriously

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and getting it right takes time.

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With so many in the queue,

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things tend to get a little unruly at times.

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But there's a very good reason why this mother

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needs such a large family.

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Her new babies are growing up in one of the most dangerous

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neighbourhoods in Brazil.

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LOUD SQUEALS

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At first glance, it's an aquatic paradise.

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These waters teem with hundreds of species of fish.

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But the Pantanal also has the highest density of predators

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on the planet.

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There are an estimated 10 million caiman alone.

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But these rivers are famous for Brazil's most elusive

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and dangerous predator.

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The jaguar.

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The most powerful of all the big cats.

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A simple family fishing trip here

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is something of a dangerous sport.

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Jaguars will spend hours stalking their prey.

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GROWLS

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This is why giant otters live in such a large family.

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Over the next few days,

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the baby otters will be taken out for their very first swim.

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Keeping them safe on this river

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is going to test the whole family to its limits.

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The equinox is passed.

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A new season is coming.

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The landscape waits for change.

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These are the Vazantes.

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A unique blend of grasslands and pools, surrounded by woodland.

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It is here that Brazil's extreme seasons have the greatest impact.

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The landscape will soon change completely.

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Young animals don't have long to adapt.

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This is a baby coati.

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These woodlands are his playground.

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Coati mothers time their births for the onset of the monsoon rains.

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A time of plenty.

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While they wait, they keep all their babies safely together

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in a giant forest creche, where they can keep an eye on them.

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But these toddlers are a naturally inquisitive bunch.

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Luckily, these woods keep them safe from predators,

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but, at the moment, there's not much to eat here.

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The only place for a decent meal is in the grassland.

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At this time of year the Vazantes are home to a mix of land

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and water animals found nowhere else in the world.

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Southern lapwings lay their eggs on the drier ground...

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..while anacondas seek out pools of flooded grassland.

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For the coatis, these pools are the perfect snack bar.

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They'll eat almost anything they can sniff out,

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just like their cousins, the racoons.

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But dining out in the open like this

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can be a dangerous way to get a meal.

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It's certainly no place for a baby coati.

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So while most of the grown-ups are out foraging,

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all the babies are kept safely in the woods.

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The only food on offer here right now is mother's milk.

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And any young coati too busy exploring may miss out altogether.

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It won't be long before these babies need more than milk.

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After a long day in the exposed grasslands, the adults head back

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to the safety of the woods.

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It's a chance to find out what the grown-ups have been eating -

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a sure sign that they're ready for weaning.

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Soon their parents will take these little ones

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out into the open for the very first time.

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But stray too far from mum

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and their first day in the grassland could be their last.

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Soon, Brazil's seasons will change.

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A change driven by a huge force of nature.

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A vast river.

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But not the Amazon.

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This is a river in the sky.

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It starts in the Amazonian rainforest -

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the largest expanse of tropical trees on the planet.

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Every day these trees release up to 20,000 billion litres

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of water vapour.

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This water vapour streams down the entire country.

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It's known as the Rio Voador.

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Literally a "flying river".

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A river in the sky.

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When this sky river flows, it brings deluge.

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When the sky river stops, there will be drought.

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It affects almost every living creature in this vast country.

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The jaguar cubs here will need to make the most of everything

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these huge changes bring.

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But for some, the sky river will bring precious little.

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It only rains a few days a year in the canyons of Piaui.

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Even so, our capuchin was born so that when it does rain,

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he'll be old enough to take full advantage of it.

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It's harder than ever for her to feed and hunt.

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And if she doesn't eat, there's no milk for him.

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She tries every trick she knows...

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..but without much luck.

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He needs to leave his mother's back

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at least long enough for her to feed.

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One of the males has discovered a bees' nest

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right up at the top of the canyon.

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At this time of year,

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finding honey is an incredible stroke of luck.

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But getting up there is another matter,

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especially with a baby on your back.

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The time has now come for this baby to let go.

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He gets his first baby-sitter - one of his older sisters,

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and he's not happy.

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SQUEALS

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But his mother simply can't afford to miss out on this feast.

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The climb is about as tough as it gets...

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..a challenge for even the nimblest monkeys.

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CAPUCHINS SQUEAL

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She makes it to the top - and the honey.

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But far below in the canyon,

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the inexperienced baby-sitter has made a reckless decision.

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She's attempting the climb carrying her baby brother.

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These bees may be stingless,

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but that doesn't make this feast any less dangerous.

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This energy boost couldn't have come at a better time.

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But her baby is in serious trouble.

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His baby-sitter has realised her mistake

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and now abandons him altogether.

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Far above, his mother has no idea.

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Like humans, capuchin babies are almost completely helpless.

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CAPUCHIN WHISTLES

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CAPUCHIN WHISTLES

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It seems a long time before his mother realises what's happening.

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Reunited.

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Safe.

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But that wasn't a great start to independence.

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He really does need to pick up some survival skills, and soon.

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This part of Brazil is so dry

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because the sky river hardly flows here.

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But as the seasons change, other areas will be utterly transformed.

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The rivers of the Pantanal will be inundated by a colossal flood.

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These floods may be some months away but, for the giant otters,

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the preparations start now.

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It's an occasion that involves the whole family.

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One of the newborns is being taken for its first swim.

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GURGLING AND SQUEALING

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Survival here requires strong swimming skills.

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They have to start early.

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Older brothers and sisters keep watch for predators

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while one of them stays behind to guard the other little kits

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at the holt.

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Something has spooked the baby-sitter.

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Like most predators,

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this jaguar will be looking for a vulnerable victim.

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A baby otter or a preoccupied adult

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would do nicely.

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Swimming lesson over, the family head for home,

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and they're in for a shock.

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LOUD SQUEAL

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LOUD SQUEALS AND GROWLS

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They react with a show of strength.

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She knows she's been beaten.

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But she'll be back.

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Their home is no longer safe. They grab the babies and flee.

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Giant otters usually dig several holts along the river

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in case of emergency.

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Only when all the babies are safely inside

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will the family be able to relax.

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Swimming lessons will resume as soon as it's safe.

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The monsoon floods will soon be here.

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By then, the kits must be ready.

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For now, the Pantanal waits for the sky river to bring the rains.

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With the equinox passed, the sun's light grows stronger

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over the north of Brazil - the Amazon rainforest.

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The trees produce more and more water vapour.

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This is the engine that will start the sky river

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and ultimately bring the monsoon rains.

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This Brazilian monsoon will bring plenty of opportunities

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and babies must be old enough to take advantage of it.

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That often means that their first formative weeks are tough.

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This is now the most dangerous time of their young lives.

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All our coati babies have known is the safety of the trees.

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But until the monsoon rains arrive, there's nothing to eat here.

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If they want to get a meal,

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they will have to follow their parents out into the grassland.

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The wide open world of the Vazante

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must seem both exciting and daunting.

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Their mother has got her work cut out

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keeping track of so many at once.

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Get separated from the family and you could get snatched

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by one of the predators that stalk these plains.

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Every little coati has just one golden rule to remember -

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don't lose sight of mum's tail.

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The babies are not just discovering a new place,

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they're here to learn about foraging from the grown-ups.

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But for some, there are just too many distractions.

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All around them are extraordinary creatures.

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Each little Coati must learn which creatures are safe

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and which are dangerous.

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Southern lapwings are good to have around.

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They follow the coatis to pick up small bugs

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the family disturbs as they forage.

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In return, they keep an eye out for predators.

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Armadillos can usually be ignored.

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So can giant anteaters.

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But a savanna hawk...

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..is a different matter.

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CHIRPING

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With so many babies in the creche,

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the mother is unsure that everyone's made it home.

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COATI SQUEAKS

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Her instincts are right.

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One of them hasn't.

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SQUEAKING

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Mum's tail is nowhere to be seen.

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SQUEAKING

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Brazil's grasslands are not always this forgiving.

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But he's learned a valuable lesson.

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Over much of Brazil, animals are waiting for the rain.

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These canyons were once part of a rainforest.

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But then the sky river changed its path,

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leaving rainforest trees clinging on in the ravines.

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If this baby capuchin is to survive here, he must become independent.

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The last time he tried was nearly a disaster.

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This time, his mother isn't going anywhere.

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Slowly but surely, his confidence grows.

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He needs to learn what to eat by following mum's example.

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Leaves are OK, but the roots are the best part.

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Now he's getting the hang of it.

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But he needs to learn more than just where to find food.

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His mother hasn't spotted the danger.

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Fortunately, the little monkey's instincts kick in.

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Capuchins have different calls for different threats.

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CAPUCHIN CALL

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The rest of the troop instantly recognise this one

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and all come together.

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KNOCKING ON TREES

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CAPUCHIN WHISTLES

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They try to scare the snake away by making as much noise as possible.

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Even the baby is determined to help.

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But his mother has spotted something.

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This yellow rat snake isn't after monkeys.

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It's after a Brazilian rodent called a punare.

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Capuchins are incredibly curious...

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..and even the baby can't resist taking a closer look.

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But there's a fine line between curiosity

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and foolhardiness.

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With hundreds of backward facing teeth,

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there's no way the snake is giving up his prize.

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But that wasn't the only punare.

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All fear forgotten, the little baby scrambles to join in.

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CAPUCHINS SQUEAL

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But punares aren't easy to catch.

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Once again, it's the experienced male who takes the lead.

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The group finally get a decent meal.

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Just as importantly, our baby monkey

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has passed his first test in surviving on his own.

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He's also witnessed just how resourceful his family needs to be

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to survive here.

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All of our babies have taken their first tentative steps

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towards independence.

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Along the way they have got lost, been abandoned and had close calls

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with predators.

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Now their world is about to change.

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At last, the sky river

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is beginning to flow.

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LOUD SQUEALS

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Very soon, the monsoon rains will transform much of the land.

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All of our youngsters must learn fast

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and fend for themselves...

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..in Wild Brazil.

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To gain a truly intimate view into the lives of our animal families,

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the Wild Brazil team filmed for over a year,

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using all the tricks of the trade.

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Of all the animals, it was the giant otter and tufted capuchin families

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that would allow the team closest to their private lives

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to film some of the series' most remarkable moments.

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Following capuchin monkeys in the canyon lands

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of Serra da Capivara National Park was a big commitment.

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Cameraman Ted Giffords spent a year getting to know

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one particular monkey family.

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To truly understand the monkeys' world, Ted enlisted the help

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of primatologist Camila Coelho and guide George Reinaldo.

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For Ted to have any chance of being accepted by the monkeys,

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he first had to learn how to keep up with them.

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There's very few places they're going to move to because they have to live within the gullies.

0:52:240:52:28

If you imagine my fingers, there's these constant gullies parallel to one another,

0:52:280:52:32

and if they live in this one, they can only move to one of the ones adjacent.

0:52:320:52:36

We'll eventually find them in one of these adjacent gullies, unless they're still on the move.

0:52:360:52:40

You cannot keep up because they ping from tree to tree.

0:52:400:52:43

Thousands of miles away in the heart of the Pantanal,

0:52:480:52:52

the giant otter team faced a different challenge.

0:52:520:52:55

They needed a family with newborn kits.

0:52:560:53:00

But at first, cameraman Barrie Britton

0:53:010:53:04

and Pantanal guide Mauricio Copetti couldn't find any otters at all.

0:53:040:53:09

We're basically just covering large stretches of river,

0:53:110:53:14

just trying to find something, and it's getting a bit frustrating

0:53:140:53:18

because we've got this fantastic light, fantastic habitat

0:53:180:53:21

but we just haven't got the otters at the moment.

0:53:210:53:24

Remote cameras were a vital tool to find where the otters were visiting.

0:53:280:53:33

Even so, after three months, there were still no baby otters.

0:53:330:53:37

Back in the canyon lands

0:53:420:53:44

and Ted and George were now keeping up with the capuchins

0:53:440:53:47

and starting to predict their movements.

0:53:470:53:49

See they're pouring back down the hill. Isn't that sweet?

0:53:510:53:55

The group had begun to accept Ted

0:53:560:53:59

and the bolder ones were taking a keen interest in his gear.

0:53:590:54:03

The monkeys were so comfortable with the camera team,

0:54:110:54:14

they were now able to film their most intimate moments.

0:54:140:54:18

Ow!

0:54:300:54:32

Ted could now follow the group so closely

0:54:370:54:40

that he was in just the right place when the capuchins found a hunting rat snake

0:54:400:54:45

and a dominant male revealed just how daring capuchins can be.

0:54:450:54:50

Normally they wouldn't go near the snake,

0:54:570:54:59

but faced with the prospect of a rat meal,

0:54:590:55:01

they were tugging it in its mouth.

0:55:010:55:03

It's the most extraordinary thing I've ever seen.

0:55:030:55:06

The chances of them actually pulling the rat out were pretty slim,

0:55:070:55:11

but the fact they even tried it is astonishing.

0:55:110:55:14

The guys are incredibly efficient at surviving in their environment.

0:55:160:55:20

They know where an opportunity is and they grab it -

0:55:200:55:22

quite literally grab it.

0:55:220:55:24

Ted's months of persistence had paid off.

0:55:260:55:30

As a wildlife cameraman, I've seen a lot of extraordinary events

0:55:330:55:36

that stop me in my tracks, but I think it's fair to say

0:55:360:55:39

it's surpassed anything I ever believed would happen.

0:55:390:55:42

Back in the Pantanal, at last, the camera traps had picked up

0:55:500:55:54

a giant otter family that appeared to have newborn kits.

0:55:540:55:59

Look, see? Digging his way in.

0:55:590:56:00

In order not to disturb the family, Barrie set up a hide.

0:56:030:56:07

He'd need to stake out the holt to have any chance of getting a glimpse

0:56:090:56:13

of the babies.

0:56:130:56:15

After a week, Barrie's careful approach paid off.

0:56:240:56:30

At last, he was getting unique insights

0:56:300:56:33

into the otters' family life.

0:56:330:56:35

Then, one morning, Barrie was able to film the remarkable moment

0:56:380:56:43

when this tiny otter was introduced to the water

0:56:430:56:48

for the very first time.

0:56:480:56:50

It was just what Barrie had hoped for.

0:56:550:56:58

But he was about to witness something even rarer.

0:56:580:57:02

Suddenly there was this...

0:57:090:57:11

there was this orange creature that emerged from the forest.

0:57:110:57:16

It was a jaguar.

0:57:200:57:22

It was my first ever view of a jaguar.

0:57:220:57:25

And she walked right out and not only was she very close,

0:57:280:57:33

just across the river, but she also went right down and sat

0:57:330:57:37

exactly in the middle of the otters' latrine area.

0:57:370:57:41

The primary concern is trying to film

0:57:440:57:48

and you become very caught up in what you need to do

0:57:480:57:51

to get the shots.

0:57:510:57:53

In hindsight, maybe the fact that there was this huge predator

0:57:530:57:57

just a stone's throw across the river

0:57:570:57:59

was something I should have been more concerned about.

0:57:590:58:02

LOUD SQUEALS

0:58:060:58:08

To see these two great animals interact with one another,

0:58:120:58:17

particularly at a holt where we knew there were babies there

0:58:170:58:20

and so there was a genuine threat.

0:58:200:58:22

That was really a very rare moment

0:58:220:58:26

and something we were very lucky to witness.

0:58:260:58:29

Brazil's animal families had allowed Barrie and Ted

0:58:290:58:34

a truly privileged view into their lives.

0:58:340:58:37

They continued to follow these animals as their worlds changed

0:58:380:58:42

with the seasons.

0:58:420:58:44

They were there to witness first-hand

0:58:440:58:46

the extraordinary struggles

0:58:460:58:48

and triumphs each animal family has to live through

0:58:480:58:52

in Wild Brazil.

0:58:520:58:54

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