Edited Coverage Nelson Mandela: A Nation Remembers


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Nelson Mandela achieved what many people believed to be the

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impossible, to deliver from the violence and chaos from a country

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living with tensions, both between races and within the black

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community, a country that did not tear itself apart, but embarked on a

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new life as a democracy. That triumph made him a figure admired

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throughout the world, admired for his courage, his resoluteness and

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his magnanimity in victory. He offered the world a vision that

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sometimes life can turn out for the better and that to believe that is

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the right way to live. It's the inspiration that brought thousands

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of South Africans to Johannesburg today for the national memorial

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event in the huge football stadium just outside Soweto, that sprawling

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black township where Mandela spent most of his adult life until he was

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imprisoned for over 27 years when just 44 years old. Rain in South

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Africa, particularly at a funeral, is considered to be a blessing from

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God. It may have meant the stadium wasn't completely full today. Inside

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the stadium, before the service started, a choir of voices sang in

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praise of the man they call Madiba or Tata - Father. There were a host

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of famous faces here, nearly 100 heads of state, heads of government,

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President Obama, the British Prime Minister, David Cameron, Tony Blair,

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distinguished figure of one man who was on Robben Island with Nelson

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Mandela. His lawyer at the trials. FW de Klerk, the former President of

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South Africa. And the familiar figure of Desmond Tutu and then

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Winnie Mandela, his second wife. So, here we are sat in the dark in

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Pretoria. Behind us, the wonderful view of the Union Buildings where,

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tomorrow, Nelson Mandela's body will lie in state for the ordinary people

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of South Africa to pay tribute. I have three guests with me in the

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studio, all of whom - you were all there today, weren't you? Yes. Let

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me introduce them. On my left, the partner of Steve Beco. In February

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of this year, she started a new political party, to chivvy the ANC.

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Next to her, a man who was deeply involved in the traditional element

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in the services that take place at the weekend, but is also an ANC MP

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in Parliament. Then, a woman who is very popular among the black

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community for the courage she showed during the apartheid years. You were

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banned from singing some of your hymns? I was banned on my return

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after performing on the frontline. What happened if you were a banned

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person under apartheid? As a singer, it was a bit of a dud for me. I

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wasn't allowed to be heard on radio, or on television. Nothing. I was

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silenced. How did you know Mandela? What do you remember of him? Like

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everybody who grew up in South Africa, I heard about him. I read

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about him. It so happened on the day when I was celebrating my

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graduation, at home, I got a surprise telegram coming from Robben

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Island with Madiba congratulating me for having achieved... Because he

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knew your family? He did know my family. My grandfather - actually,

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my father and his sister, one of his sisters, grew up with him. You, of

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course, have endlessly been described as Steve's partner. He

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died in police custody. Have you been a supporter of the ANC, has

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that been your position, politically? My position,

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politically, has always been that of an active citizen, an activist

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student and later an active professional. I never belonged to

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any political party and the ANC's association is merely because I'm

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very close to many people who are members of the ANC. Of course, I was

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very close to Mr Mandela. We are going to... I never carried a card

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for the ANC. You were there today. What did you make of it? We are

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going to see some scenes in a moment. What did you think of it? It

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made me realise that with great leadership, this country can come

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together. That's what Madiba did today. For me, even upon his death,

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we were privy to a country coming together under extreme

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circumstances, extreme weather. It's just the wonderment of this man that

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manages again and again to pull us together. This - let's have a look

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at the stadium where today's memorial was held. It's become an

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iconic location. It did have a particular meaning for Nelson

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Mandela himself. The FNB Stadium was opened in 1989. Less than a year

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later, huge crowds came here to welcome Mandela home two days after

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he was set free. No football game in South Africa ever drew crowds like

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these. 48 hours after Nelson Mandela's release, finally the

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prospect of seeing their hero on home ground. My return to Soweto

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fills my heart with joy. Africa! Africa! Mandela came back in 1993

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for two painful events - the funeral of his ANC friend Oliver Tambo and

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of Chris Hani, the leader of the ANC's military wing, who had been

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murdered. We want an election date now. The following year with Mandela

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President, the FNB Stadium was host to the African Cup of Nations. South

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Africa reached the final and with only 17 minutes left before the

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whistle, Mark Williams scored two goals in two minutes. The victory

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proved euphoric. One of the unifying moments in a country obsessed with

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sport. South Africans of all races celebrated their nation's triumph.

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In 2010, the stadium was completely rebuilt for the World Cup, played

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here in South Africa. It was seen as the symbol of a revitalised nation.

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The closing ceremony of the World Cup, just three years ago, saw

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Mandela's last official public appearance. We will hear some of the

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speeches that were made this morning there. It does seem to me there is a

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lot of - there are obvious things that were said about Mandela, about

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his charm, about his courage. People don't so often talk about his

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political astuteness. He seems to me to have been extremely clever and

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cunning in his politics? Would you agree with that? Absolutely. He was

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a studied strategist of political engagement. He cultivated that

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during his imprisonment. He read every book that was to be read about

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the Afrikaans people. He read many biographies and he got to know each

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and every one of the people that he engaged. So when he talked to his

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jailors, he talked to them as fellow South Africans. When do you think it

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dawned on them that the Afrikaaner needed him as much as he needed

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them? What he did realise was the only way you could break an impasse

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was for you who stand to gain more from the breaking of the impasse to

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be willing to see the opportunities for compromise. You are asking

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people who are in power to share that power and you come from the

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outside and, therefore, you are the one who has to be willing to

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compromise but do so in a way that takes the collective much further.

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Hence his discussions with the ANC when he began talks with the

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government saying to them, "We must make the first step to talk to them.

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It is ridiculous not to." Them in the end coming around to agree to

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that. The point is that he did not get agreement to talk to the other

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side, which is one of the reasons why he asked to be put in solitary

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confinement because he understood the importance of the moment. That

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was the moment to talk. His peers and his comrades were not ready. He

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decided to lead from the front. None of them stopped him, it has to be

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said. Let's go - we will come back to this - the memorial service. It

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began with the singing of the National Anthem. "God Save Africa."

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# Nkosi sikelel' iAfrika. # Maluphakanyisw' uphondo lwayo.

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# Yizwa imithandazo yethu. # Nkosi sikelela, thina lusapho

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lwayo. # Morena boloka setjhaba sa heso.

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# O fedise dintwa la matshwenyeho. # O se boloke, O se boloke setjhaba

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sa heso. # Setjhaba sa South Afrika - South

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Afrika. On behalf of the President, I

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welcome all of you who have travelled from all corners of the

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world. I also extend warm words of welcome to our friends from all over

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the world and let us give Nelson Mandela's friends, as well as the

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friends of South Africa from all over the world, a round of South

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African warm welcome and say thank you for coming.

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We were not able to stop the rain. But this is how Nelson Mandela would

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have wanted to be sent off. These are blessings in our African

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tradition. When it rains when you are buried, it means that your Gods

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are welcoming you and the gates of heaven are most probably open as

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well. This occasion should make all of us

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to pause today and reflect on the life of Nelson Mandela. Today's

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memorial service should hopefully give each one of us together our

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memories of Nelson Mandela and on Sunday, we will bid him farewell in

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Qunu when we lay him to rest knowing that our memories of him will endure

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forever. I would like us now to do what he would have wanted us to do -

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that is to open this memorial service with an interfaith opening

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prayer. The prayers came from Chief Rabbi

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Warren Goldstein, a representative of the Muslim faith and the

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archbishop. In whose hands are the souls of the living and the dead,

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receive we beseech you in your great loving kindness the soul of Nelson

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Rolihlahla Mandela who has been gathered unto his people. Remember

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him for the righteousness which he has done. Your sun shall never more

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set, for the Lord God shall be your everlasting light and the days of

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your mourning shall be ended and let us say amen.

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Oh, supreme Lord. Lead us from untruth to truth.

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Like our father Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela. Lead us from darkness to

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light, like our father, Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela. Lead us from

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death to immortality, like our father, Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela.

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May he rest in peace. Amen. Our indebtedness to Madiba for his

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self--less efforts, in salvaging the nation and leading it to the path of

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peace, reconciliation and harmony. And laying the foundation of a free

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and prosperous South Africa. With this prayer, we ask, let us

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dedicate ourselves to the good ideals he strove to in his life.

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Amen. Creator, God, Lord of life and love,

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you hold the whole yun verse in your hands. Hell -- universe in your

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hands. Help us to draw on the lessons of our past and to build on

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the firm foundation that by your grace Madiba laid for us, give us

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courage to hold fast to his values, to follow the example of his

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practises and to share them with the world.

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May he rest in peace and rise in glory.

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Amen. # Da-da Madiba

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Nelson Mandela The national chair of the ANC, the

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African national Congress, who is cochairing this memorial event.

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We are here to mourn the great man, but also to celebrate a glorious

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life well lived. Today, more than any other is thankfulness for that

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wonderful life. A son of Africa Africa. A descendant of a great

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king. You will always be remembered. We are now going to call upon

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Madiba's grandchildren. Madiba had 18 grandchildren and 12 great

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grandchildren. We are going to call them, who are going to come and pay

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tribute to their grandfather and great grandfather. I call them to

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come to the stage to come and express their tributes to their

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grandfather. On behalf of the family I would like

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to thank all the heads of state that are here. Thank you. Madiba, the

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last walk. Struck by lightning bolts in the dead of night, day dazed and

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dis or disorientated, struggling to bid farewell to any mortal, caught

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in the whirl wind. What do I do? I need a poem. When sadness and

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celebrations can mingle, the body shudders, shakes and implodes. When

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it blows in memories, the land is dreamt off. You are lodged in our

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memories. You tower over the world like a Comet. Leaving streaks of

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light for us to follow. We salute you. Madiba.

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Who stole the fire from the Gods. The light to light our path to

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freedom. Who lit our stoves to cook a meal of

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peace and reconciliation. The giant tree has fallen, scattering one

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million bright leafs, each messages of peace of love and reconciliation.

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Shall we walk in his footstep footsteps? . Madiba, they say, you

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are a brilliant man. They say you are a wise man. You

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remind them of a wise man too. They say you have warmth and charm.

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Warm and charming too. They say you are resilient. You are a mirror that

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reflects the glory and splendour of heart. People reflect this dreams.

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You have taught us that. A group of trees break the angry wind. The tree

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that towers above the rest is broken by the wind. Proud of dreams of a

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future where black and white, rich and poor, men, women and children

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must live side by side. Dreaming the same dream. Realising that the time

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in our land, we salute you. They were very moving, weren't they,

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the grandchildren. That very last. PJ Powers, we saw you in there,

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singing the choir. What were you singing? We were sing singing Nelson

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Mandela. Let's see it. There you are, in the

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middle there. You wrote some songs for these

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events. Have you got some songs, your famous songs. You sang at the

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World Cup. Yes, I did. That is a song that has been sung at all the

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Rugby World Cups. It was a hymn. I did it at the 1995 World Cup. What

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did you think of today? What did you make of it? It with us a wonderful

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celebration. It was a send-off, as I said earlier, this man who brought

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everybody together. That is how it happened Oman Mandela is and will

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remain -- is how it happened. Nelson Mandela is and will remain the

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greatest thing this country will ever see. What did you make of

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today? I realised that Mandela is the unifier.

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The whole world was here in South Africa.

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You were touched by the number of people who came? The number of

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foreign dignitaries. Did you not expect that? I did expect South

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Africans would come in their numbers. I did not expect the heads

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of state and Government would come in the numbers they did. Countries

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that I wouldn't have thought that had a lot of dealings with South

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Africa. What do you think brought them here?

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Mandela. They had to be here to represent their countries. It looks

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like to me, everybody would like to be like Mandela. Anyone who is a

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leader of a community of people, a nation, and if they can't, at least

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they must be associated with Mandela. And he inspires them in

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various ways. Not all of them are able, or none of them are able to

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emulate him as much as they would like to, but he is an example that

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everybody would like to be associated with. Do you think a new

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generation will draw inspiration from Mandela's life. What would you

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want them to learn from it? Mandela touches that inside ourselves, that

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wants us to be bigger. And I have seen it with young

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people. Even young children, having just touched him, having just been

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touched by him. Already, so in terms of their

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possibilities. And that, I think, is what is amazing about his legacy.

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He's legacy calls us to greatness. At every point, because the way he

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related to people, he made himself present in the moment that he talks

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to you. However young, however old, however poor, however rich, he was

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present in the moment. And of course, his example of

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servant leadership, a man who gave of himself, in order to serve, not

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in a subservient way, but in a way that says, this is what leadership

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is about. This is what is possible if we work

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together. And so, I believe that today we were

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celebrate celebrating the greatness of, not just the man, but the

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greatness of what he has inspired in us. And in our country and in the

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world. The African National Congress

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organised today. You represent also traditional leaders and you are

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going to play a special part in the ceremony? As part of the collective

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of tragsal leadership in the area. -- traditional leadership in the

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area. Being the old original law-giving law-makers. The original

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rulers of South Africa. We have heard of things like speaking to the

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body and particularly - what actually happens? What will we see

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happen? Well, we believe that a person even as he is dead continues

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to live through his spirit. So, therefore that is why it is

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important that when he is to be moved from one place to the other

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that someone has to speak to him. To speak to his spirit, to tell him

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this is where we are moving from now, this is where we're going to.

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So his spirit does not wander about. It must be together with the body

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until the final resting place. So that it become becomes part of the

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family - the guardian of the home steed, where he lies to rest. What

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is the relationship between traditional leadership and the more

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political leadership of the ANC, in your view? I believe South Africa

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has strived to do and is still striving to do is to have a place in

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our constitutional democracy for traditional leadership. And this is

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important because there is a sense in which the evolution of

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traditional leadership in South Africa was interrupted by

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colonialism. So, the process of bring bringing into modernity those

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cultural customary practises has to be enacted in a way that is within

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the spirit of a human rights-based constitution. That is the genius of

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Madiba, in that he recognised the importance of traditional

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leadership. But also recognised the contradictions that are likely to

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arise. And, as a lawyer, and as a human rights principled man, he

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always made sure that when there is a contradiction, the constitution

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must rule. You as, not belonging to that side of South African culture,

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are you surprised by that? Do you find a conflict between the modern

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politician and the traditional, well you were there dancing and singing

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in the traditional style - is it surprising to you, is it natural to

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you? I believe the two can co-habit.

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There is a place. I cherish the modern side that plans the way

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forward. We will see a singer in a moment, I hope. Let's watch a bit

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more of what went on this morning. I suppose the highlight of the day for

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many was the speech by the American President, Barack Obama. But other

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speeches and music before that. Here, for instance, is the

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Secretary-General of the United Nations, Ban Ki-moon. Nelson Mandela

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showed us the way with a heart larger than this stadium and an

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infectious smile that could light up the world. Nelson Mandela is at

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rest. His long walk complete. Let us now be inspired by the spirit he

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awoken in all of us. It is a duty of all of us who loved him to keep his

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memory alive, in our hearts and to embody his example in our lives. May

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he rest in peace and eternity. # Can reach down and bless our

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hearts # From his heaven above... #

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To the people of South Africa - people of every race and walk of

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life - the world thanks you for sharing Nelson Mandela with us. It

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is hard to eulogise any man - to capture in words not just the facts

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and the dates that make a life, but the essential truth of a person -

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their private joys and sorrows; the quiet moments and unique qualities

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that illuminate someone's soul. How much harder to do so for a giant of

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history, who moved a nation toward justice, and in the process moved

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billions around the world. We see a man who earned his place in history

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through struggle and shrewdness and persistence and faith. He tells us

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what is possible, not just in the pages of history books, but in our

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own lives as well. Moreover, he accepted the consequences of his

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actions, knowing that standing up to powerful interests and injustice

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carries a price. "I have fought against white domination and I have

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fought against black domination. I've cherished the ideal of a

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democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony

:35:44.:35:47.

and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for

:35:48.:35:52.

and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared

:35:53.:36:11.

to die." There is a word in South Africa - Ubuntu - a word that

:36:12.:36:18.

captures Mandela's greatest gift: his recognition that we are all

:36:19.:36:21.

bound together in ways that are invisible to the eye; that there is

:36:22.:36:24.

a oneness to humanity; that we achieve ourselves by sharing

:36:25.:36:27.

ourselves with others, and caring for those around us. We will never

:36:28.:36:51.

see the likes of Nelson Mandela again. May God bless the people of

:36:52.:37:02.

South Africa. Can I just remind the people sitting up there that we will

:37:03.:37:14.

wait until you have finished? Can we keep silent, please? Right up there.

:37:15.:37:29.

We do not call Madiba the father of our nation, merely for political

:37:30.:38:22.

correctness or relevance: We do so because he laid a firm foundation

:38:23.:38:25.

for the South Africa of our dreams - one that is united, non-racial,

:38:26.:38:28.

non-sexist, democratic and prosperous. We do so because Madiba

:38:29.:38:31.

was a courageous leader. Courageous leaders are able to abandon their

:38:32.:38:34.

narrow concerns for bigger and all-embracing dreams, even if those

:38:35.:38:37.

dreams come at a huge price. Madiba embodied this trait. He was a

:38:38.:38:41.

fearless freedom fighter who refused to allow the brutality of the

:38:42.:38:44.

apartheid state to stand in the way of the struggle for the liberation

:38:45.:38:51.

of his people. Our Father, Madiba, has run a good race. He declared in

:38:52.:39:04.

his own words, in 1994, he said, "Death is something inevitable. When

:39:05.:39:12.

a man has done what he considers to be his duty to his people and his

:39:13.:39:21.

country, he can rest in peace. I believe I've made that effort and

:39:22.:39:31.

that is, therefore, why I will sleep for eternity." Rest in peace, Our

:39:32.:39:39.

Father, and our hero. Thank you very much.

:39:40.:39:53.

We promise God, you must say "yes". We promise God that we are going to

:39:54.:40:10.

follow the example of Nelson Mandela. Yes!

:40:11.:40:41.

STUDIO: A robust blessing given by Desmond Tutu. He said he wouldn't

:40:42.:41:09.

give the blessing unless there was silence, so he could hear a pin

:41:10.:41:13.

drop. Then the dignitaries and the crowd left. Winnie Mandela in the

:41:14.:41:17.

middle. There were four British Prime Ministers here today for this

:41:18.:41:21.

memorial. Sir John Major, Tony Blair, Gordon Brown and David

:41:22.:41:25.

Cameron, who I spoke to here about his reaction to the events he had

:41:26.:41:29.

witnessed. You have come from the stadium. What

:41:30.:41:33.

was it like in there? It was more like a celebration than a

:41:34.:41:38.

commemoration, a music, dance, people swaying - it was

:41:39.:41:41.

extraordinary. I thought the highlight was the Obama speech,

:41:42.:41:46.

where it was very, very powerful and really roused the crowd. It made

:41:47.:41:51.

everyone look inwards and think, "What more can I do to honour the

:41:52.:41:55.

memory of this great man?" You didn't get to speak at all? I wasn't

:41:56.:42:01.

coming to speak, I was coming to pay my respects. That was a wonderful

:42:02.:42:04.

thing to be able to do. You felt very proud to be there. Also, an

:42:05.:42:09.

extraordinary opportunity to meet quite so many other heads of state

:42:10.:42:15.

and government, the sort of diplomatic argy-bargy was

:42:16.:42:19.

interesting in itself. Tell us about that. It is quite odd to find four

:42:20.:42:24.

American presidents all in one place. In fact, Carter, Clinton,

:42:25.:42:27.

Bush, Obama. That is an interesting start. Then a lot of African

:42:28.:42:33.

leaders, who I have met before, I was able to talk to. I could

:42:34.:42:37.

commiserate with Francois Hollande about his losses in the Central

:42:38.:42:42.

African Republic. Then a wide range of people from the President of

:42:43.:42:52.

Mexico to the Prime Minister of India. Raul Castro, did you shake

:42:53.:42:57.

his hand? I didn't. I didn't meet him, actually. I managed to not meet

:42:58.:43:02.

Robert Mugabe. Other than that, I did meet a lot of people. How did

:43:03.:43:06.

you manage not to meet Robert Mugabe? I can't think. Deft hands!

:43:07.:43:15.

There are some African leaders I admire. The President of Botswana is

:43:16.:43:23.

doing a fantastic job. Yes. There are people who are doing great

:43:24.:43:28.

things for their countries. Do you really have a chance to say anything

:43:29.:43:34.

meaningful? You are there for quite a long time. Yes, you do. There are

:43:35.:43:39.

always - our Foreign Office is very good at making the most of all your

:43:40.:43:43.

contacts. There's this wonderful thing on some of their notes that

:43:44.:43:48.

says, "Perhaps best not to talk to you, but if you do, this is the

:43:49.:43:52.

point you ought to make." You do have a chance. You have cue cards

:43:53.:43:57.

like Ronald Reagan used to have? Britain is - we are competing in a

:43:58.:44:02.

global race. We want to have relationships, engagements across

:44:03.:44:06.

the world. In Africa, you have some of the fastest-growing economies

:44:07.:44:11.

right now. Getting Britain more involved in South Africa, Nigeria,

:44:12.:44:16.

Botswana, Mozambique, this is a very important part of our country. It is

:44:17.:44:21.

not appropriate to do too much of that during a massive commemoration

:44:22.:44:24.

like today. These relationships matter. I spend a lot of time on

:44:25.:44:28.

them. You have been critical of the Conservative Party's attitude

:44:29.:44:33.

towards apartheid. Do you think Mrs Thatcher and that period allowed

:44:34.:44:38.

apartheid to go on longer than it otherwise would have done? Mrs

:44:39.:44:42.

Thatcher was an opponent of apartheid. She wanted Nelson Mandela

:44:43.:44:47.

freed and letters have been released to prove that. There was the

:44:48.:44:51.

question of the attitude towards sanctions, which I have spoken about

:44:52.:44:54.

in the past. I think we should be clear that all political parties in

:44:55.:44:58.

Britain were opposed to apartheid. I remember seeing for myself what an

:44:59.:45:02.

appalling system it was. What were the mistakes that the Conservative

:45:03.:45:12.

Party made? I wrote about this in 2006. There was an argument there.

:45:13.:45:20.

There is always an argument with sanctions. Does it hit the

:45:21.:45:24.

government? Or does it hit the people? On all sides of politics,

:45:25.:45:30.

everyone wanted to see change in South Africa. I don't think anyone

:45:31.:45:34.

believed in their heart of hearts that it really would happen as

:45:35.:45:38.

peacefully as it did. That was the most wonderful thing about it.

:45:39.:45:44.

Mandela leaving prison and then this immense political change also made

:45:45.:45:48.

possible - we should remember this - and he was there today in the seats

:45:49.:45:53.

with all the world leaders - FW de Klerk who himself was awarded the

:45:54.:45:58.

Nobel Peace Prize and who helped make this extraordinary change

:45:59.:46:11.

possible. Just on a political point what, do you think for a politician

:46:12.:46:17.

is the lesson that Mandela taught? I think the biggest lesson is this

:46:18.:46:22.

immense generosity and this boldness - this sense that you should do the

:46:23.:46:28.

right thing. When you think of how bitter Mandela could have been, when

:46:29.:46:31.

you think of the leadership he could have given in a more sectional

:46:32.:46:36.

direction. The fact he choose openness, he choose to forgive his

:46:37.:46:43.

former captors andor mentors and wanted to create an open and

:46:44.:46:47.

generous South Africa, I think that is an immense political lesson. That

:46:48.:46:52.

was the best part, for me of the whole day was Obama saying, there

:46:53.:46:57.

are those who hold up Madiba as an icon, but don't always follow his

:46:58.:47:04.

lessons about tolerance, not imprisoning your political

:47:05.:47:06.

opponents. I thought that was a great moment. I thought a very

:47:07.:47:10.

powerful point that perhaps only Obama could have made in that way,

:47:11.:47:14.

at that time, in front of all those people. Prime Minister, thank you

:47:15.:47:17.

very much. Thank you for joining us. David Cameron, who was here earlier.

:47:18.:47:25.

Now the mourning lasts several days. Tomorrow, something quite different.

:47:26.:47:31.

Tomorrow, the commemoration moves from the football stadium in Soweto,

:47:32.:47:36.

here to Pretoria, the capital of South Africa.

:47:37.:47:40.

For three days Nelson Mandela's body will lie here in state for the

:47:41.:47:44.

ordinary people of South Africa to file past. These are the Union

:47:45.:47:49.

Buildings - the headquarters of the presidency and the Government. It

:47:50.:47:53.

was here that just under 20 years ago we watched Nelson Mandela, up

:47:54.:47:58.

there on the platform, taking the oath as President, surrounded by all

:47:59.:48:02.

of the people who opposed him - the General, the chiefs of police, the

:48:03.:48:07.

nationalist politician, as he became President of South Africa. There was

:48:08.:48:12.

that great moment when the jets from the South African Air Force streamed

:48:13.:48:16.

past, flying coloured smoke in the colours of the South African flag.

:48:17.:48:20.

Tomorrow will be a much more sombre affair, of course. The coffin will

:48:21.:48:23.

be brought from the military hospital, down there in Pretoria,

:48:24.:48:29.

will wind up through these gardens to this central platform here. It is

:48:30.:48:33.

here that people will file past. And each day, for three days, that

:48:34.:48:37.

coffin is going to be brought from the hospital, to be taken back at

:48:38.:48:42.

night and then once again to go through the streets. No doubt the

:48:43.:48:46.

scenes will be very moving. There's another building that is

:48:47.:48:49.

just as important to the Mandela story here in downtown Pretoria -

:48:50.:48:54.

the Palace of Justice, on Church Square. It is here where Mandela was

:48:55.:49:00.

put on trial for plotting violent revolution on 9th October, 1963.

:49:01.:49:06.

He expected the death penalty, but received a life sentence, to a

:49:07.:49:11.

hugely relieved public gallery. The 27 years he spent in jail changed

:49:12.:49:16.

him, as he explained to me when I met him.

:49:17.:49:20.

Before I went to jail I was very arrogant. And there is evidence of

:49:21.:49:24.

that. But you know, when I was in jail, I

:49:25.:49:32.

had something I did not have outside - the ability to sit down and just

:49:33.:49:40.

think. To review your past life and the future role you have to play. I

:49:41.:49:48.

became ashamed, because I'd behaved like an animal, to people who were

:49:49.:49:55.

very kind to me. And I decided that if ever I got a chance, I will make

:49:56.:50:02.

them appreciate what they did to me. They would know that I appreciated.

:50:03.:50:09.

In just a few hours, these streets will be blocked off and the solemn

:50:10.:50:13.

funeral procession will make its way. Another step on South Africa's

:50:14.:50:18.

long goodbye to Nelson Mandela. The man they call Madiba.

:50:19.:50:26.

And here we are with the Union Buildings behind us. We will be

:50:27.:50:31.

there early tomorrow for the funeral procession. Let's use these last

:50:32.:50:35.

moments to talk about what happens next. Everybody has expressed their

:50:36.:50:41.

view about what Mandela gave South Africa. The question now is, South

:50:42.:50:45.

Africa clearly has problems - how is that legacy going to be turned, do

:50:46.:50:50.

you think, into policies that keep the country united? You have started

:50:51.:50:53.

a new political party because you don't like what the ANC are doing.

:50:54.:51:01.

I believe that Mandela's passing gives us another opportunity. A

:51:02.:51:08.

second chance to re-commit to the values that he lived and worked so

:51:09.:51:15.

hard for. Which the African National Congress have moved away from that?

:51:16.:51:22.

I believe that there is a big gap between what leaders in the African

:51:23.:51:27.

National Congress say and what they do. The issue of human dignity

:51:28.:51:38.

cannot be set to be met with the kind of conditions under which the

:51:39.:51:43.

majority of South Africans still live. You speak of poverty and no

:51:44.:51:54.

electricity and no education and no jobs, indeed. The most important gap

:51:55.:52:02.

is education, which Mandela himself said, education is the key to the

:52:03.:52:07.

future. What the ANC has failed to do over the last 20 years is to

:52:08.:52:13.

provide every child with an education that will awaken the

:52:14.:52:21.

genius. Instead, we have young people graduating from high school

:52:22.:52:28.

who can't read, can't write and end up in our streets. Four million of

:52:29.:52:34.

them are out there. What is to be down? Your party? Let's build a

:52:35.:52:41.

South Africa of our dreams. A South Africa which will encapsulate this

:52:42.:52:48.

dream and the focus has to be on quality education that brings out

:52:49.:52:54.

the best in every child and live livelihoods.

:52:55.:52:57.

What do you think of this - this criticism of the ANC they are not

:52:58.:53:03.

delivering what Nelson Mandela intended should be delivered? First

:53:04.:53:07.

of all, Nelson Mandela himself was an advocate of the community or a

:53:08.:53:14.

nation that calls on the Government to account. And the good thing about

:53:15.:53:19.

the ANC is that it lives with the people. Even if the leadership might

:53:20.:53:24.

seem to be distant from the people at times, but they understand what

:53:25.:53:28.

the needs of the people are. They always come up with a strategy. It

:53:29.:53:34.

is different from serving the needs of the people - providing education,

:53:35.:53:39.

finding a way of providing jobs. Not allowing people, the poor to get

:53:40.:53:43.

poorer and the rich, richer, isn't it? That is why again on a regular

:53:44.:53:48.

basis it is policies that address the conditions that obtain - it is

:53:49.:53:53.

in a position at all times to come up with these strategies that are

:53:54.:53:58.

going to address... . And you are content with the way things are

:53:59.:54:02.

going in this country? We could do better, could do more. And the good

:54:03.:54:06.

thing again is we have this constitution, which guarantees

:54:07.:54:13.

freedom of expression. Everybody, therefore, is in a position...

:54:14.:54:18.

People can say what they like, but PJ Powers, you see it as it has

:54:19.:54:25.

developed since the first universal elections. What do you make of it?

:54:26.:54:30.

The footage you have shown is the fun mental difference between Nelson

:54:31.:54:35.

Mandela and the politicians that are -- the funt mental differences

:54:36.:54:39.

between Nelson Mandela and the politicians.

:54:40.:54:43.

I think also what is so incredibly amazing about Nelson Mandela is he

:54:44.:54:48.

always did the unexpected. You know, in 1995, with the World Cup rugby,

:54:49.:54:53.

he walked into enemy territory, basically. He was surrounded with

:54:54.:54:59.

people saying, "Nelson. Nelson." He came out of prison and had tea. He

:55:00.:55:08.

went into areas where he crossed barriers. That is the pam

:55:09.:55:12.

approximate he has set us -- that is the example he has set us. If we

:55:13.:55:16.

deliver on those examples, where we are accountable for the actions and

:55:17.:55:26.

we say, yes, we did wrong, that is the fundamental difference. Has he

:55:27.:55:33.

reconciled Afrikaans English? You say, no.

:55:34.:55:49.

Part of the architect's team says to ordinary people, that if you do not

:55:50.:55:58.

vote for the ANC they will come back and dominate us. That is a said

:55:59.:56:04.

statement from someone who ought to know better. To for me, the Long

:56:05.:56:11.

Walk To Freedom is not yet over. The responsibility we have today and the

:56:12.:56:17.

commitment we ought to make, as we lay this great son of Africa to

:56:18.:56:23.

rest, is to commit to living the dream he worked so hard for. And

:56:24.:56:31.

that starts with a Government that, not only does policies, but that is

:56:32.:56:38.

clean, because corruption is what has stolen the future of many South

:56:39.:56:46.

Africans. And a Government that is competent and accountable, as PJ

:56:47.:56:51.

said. Let's just for a moment look ahead to the next days of mourning.

:56:52.:56:56.

What will happen tomorrow, do you think? You are going to be at the

:56:57.:57:01.

funeral. You are singing? I am singing in Qunu. And there'll be

:57:02.:57:06.

choirs... Yes. What do you think the mood will be? The mood here at the

:57:07.:57:11.

Union Buildings will be a lot more sombre than today. What do you think

:57:12.:57:16.

it will be like? It should be sombre, mostly because the people

:57:17.:57:20.

will be viewing the body of Madiba, lying, not speaking, not to speak

:57:21.:57:25.

any more. And that, meaning therefore, that is the end of Madiba

:57:26.:57:30.

and we are only left with the legacy that he left us. His family will be

:57:31.:57:35.

there, won't they, to receive the body - is that right? Here, lying in

:57:36.:57:41.

state? I am not sure. I imagine there'll always be family members

:57:42.:57:45.

who are there, even if he will be in the care of the military. What do

:57:46.:57:50.

you expect to see? You'll be with us, I hope, tomorrow? It will be a

:57:51.:57:55.

sombre day and viewing the body of a loved one is the hardest thing.

:57:56.:58:02.

And for those of us who are close to him in more personal ways, it is

:58:03.:58:11.

something that always touches you in a very fundamental way. Thank you

:58:12.:58:14.

very much. I thank all three of you very much. That ends this look at

:58:15.:58:18.

today's events here in South Africa. We will be back at 5 5am tomorrow,

:58:19.:58:26.

did I say that really, on BBC Two, to watch the procession to the Union

:58:27.:58:33.

Buildings, high up on the hill behind us. I hope you will join us.

:58:34.:58:39.

Until then, good evening.

:58:40.:58:43.

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