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Line | From | To | |
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Nelson Mandela achieved what many people believed to be the | :00:24. | :00:49. | |
impossible, to deliver from the violence and chaos from a country | :00:50. | :00:54. | |
living with tensions, both between races and within the black | :00:55. | :00:57. | |
community, a country that did not tear itself apart, but embarked on a | :00:58. | :01:01. | |
new life as a democracy. That triumph made him a figure admired | :01:02. | :01:05. | |
throughout the world, admired for his courage, his resoluteness and | :01:06. | :01:10. | |
his magnanimity in victory. He offered the world a vision that | :01:11. | :01:15. | |
sometimes life can turn out for the better and that to believe that is | :01:16. | :01:21. | |
the right way to live. It's the inspiration that brought thousands | :01:22. | :01:24. | |
of South Africans to Johannesburg today for the national memorial | :01:25. | :01:29. | |
event in the huge football stadium just outside Soweto, that sprawling | :01:30. | :01:34. | |
black township where Mandela spent most of his adult life until he was | :01:35. | :01:39. | |
imprisoned for over 27 years when just 44 years old. Rain in South | :01:40. | :01:44. | |
Africa, particularly at a funeral, is considered to be a blessing from | :01:45. | :01:49. | |
God. It may have meant the stadium wasn't completely full today. Inside | :01:50. | :01:55. | |
the stadium, before the service started, a choir of voices sang in | :01:56. | :02:02. | |
praise of the man they call Madiba or Tata - Father. There were a host | :02:03. | :02:12. | |
of famous faces here, nearly 100 heads of state, heads of government, | :02:13. | :02:16. | |
President Obama, the British Prime Minister, David Cameron, Tony Blair, | :02:17. | :02:26. | |
distinguished figure of one man who was on Robben Island with Nelson | :02:27. | :02:32. | |
Mandela. His lawyer at the trials. FW de Klerk, the former President of | :02:33. | :02:37. | |
South Africa. And the familiar figure of Desmond Tutu and then | :02:38. | :02:46. | |
Winnie Mandela, his second wife. So, here we are sat in the dark in | :02:47. | :02:50. | |
Pretoria. Behind us, the wonderful view of the Union Buildings where, | :02:51. | :02:55. | |
tomorrow, Nelson Mandela's body will lie in state for the ordinary people | :02:56. | :03:00. | |
of South Africa to pay tribute. I have three guests with me in the | :03:01. | :03:05. | |
studio, all of whom - you were all there today, weren't you? Yes. Let | :03:06. | :03:19. | |
me introduce them. On my left, the partner of Steve Beco. In February | :03:20. | :03:24. | |
of this year, she started a new political party, to chivvy the ANC. | :03:25. | :03:34. | |
Next to her, a man who was deeply involved in the traditional element | :03:35. | :03:38. | |
in the services that take place at the weekend, but is also an ANC MP | :03:39. | :03:52. | |
in Parliament. Then, a woman who is very popular among the black | :03:53. | :03:57. | |
community for the courage she showed during the apartheid years. You were | :03:58. | :04:00. | |
banned from singing some of your hymns? I was banned on my return | :04:01. | :04:10. | |
after performing on the frontline. What happened if you were a banned | :04:11. | :04:16. | |
person under apartheid? As a singer, it was a bit of a dud for me. I | :04:17. | :04:21. | |
wasn't allowed to be heard on radio, or on television. Nothing. I was | :04:22. | :04:29. | |
silenced. How did you know Mandela? What do you remember of him? Like | :04:30. | :04:36. | |
everybody who grew up in South Africa, I heard about him. I read | :04:37. | :04:45. | |
about him. It so happened on the day when I was celebrating my | :04:46. | :04:53. | |
graduation, at home, I got a surprise telegram coming from Robben | :04:54. | :04:59. | |
Island with Madiba congratulating me for having achieved... Because he | :05:00. | :05:04. | |
knew your family? He did know my family. My grandfather - actually, | :05:05. | :05:10. | |
my father and his sister, one of his sisters, grew up with him. You, of | :05:11. | :05:23. | |
course, have endlessly been described as Steve's partner. He | :05:24. | :05:29. | |
died in police custody. Have you been a supporter of the ANC, has | :05:30. | :05:34. | |
that been your position, politically? My position, | :05:35. | :05:41. | |
politically, has always been that of an active citizen, an activist | :05:42. | :05:47. | |
student and later an active professional. I never belonged to | :05:48. | :05:55. | |
any political party and the ANC's association is merely because I'm | :05:56. | :06:00. | |
very close to many people who are members of the ANC. Of course, I was | :06:01. | :06:05. | |
very close to Mr Mandela. We are going to... I never carried a card | :06:06. | :06:10. | |
for the ANC. You were there today. What did you make of it? We are | :06:11. | :06:14. | |
going to see some scenes in a moment. What did you think of it? It | :06:15. | :06:20. | |
made me realise that with great leadership, this country can come | :06:21. | :06:24. | |
together. That's what Madiba did today. For me, even upon his death, | :06:25. | :06:32. | |
we were privy to a country coming together under extreme | :06:33. | :06:36. | |
circumstances, extreme weather. It's just the wonderment of this man that | :06:37. | :06:40. | |
manages again and again to pull us together. This - let's have a look | :06:41. | :06:47. | |
at the stadium where today's memorial was held. It's become an | :06:48. | :06:51. | |
iconic location. It did have a particular meaning for Nelson | :06:52. | :06:58. | |
Mandela himself. The FNB Stadium was opened in 1989. Less than a year | :06:59. | :07:05. | |
later, huge crowds came here to welcome Mandela home two days after | :07:06. | :07:10. | |
he was set free. No football game in South Africa ever drew crowds like | :07:11. | :07:16. | |
these. 48 hours after Nelson Mandela's release, finally the | :07:17. | :07:18. | |
prospect of seeing their hero on home ground. My return to Soweto | :07:19. | :07:34. | |
fills my heart with joy. Africa! Africa! Mandela came back in 1993 | :07:35. | :07:43. | |
for two painful events - the funeral of his ANC friend Oliver Tambo and | :07:44. | :07:50. | |
of Chris Hani, the leader of the ANC's military wing, who had been | :07:51. | :07:54. | |
murdered. We want an election date now. The following year with Mandela | :07:55. | :08:02. | |
President, the FNB Stadium was host to the African Cup of Nations. South | :08:03. | :08:07. | |
Africa reached the final and with only 17 minutes left before the | :08:08. | :08:12. | |
whistle, Mark Williams scored two goals in two minutes. The victory | :08:13. | :08:17. | |
proved euphoric. One of the unifying moments in a country obsessed with | :08:18. | :08:22. | |
sport. South Africans of all races celebrated their nation's triumph. | :08:23. | :08:28. | |
In 2010, the stadium was completely rebuilt for the World Cup, played | :08:29. | :08:34. | |
here in South Africa. It was seen as the symbol of a revitalised nation. | :08:35. | :08:44. | |
The closing ceremony of the World Cup, just three years ago, saw | :08:45. | :08:48. | |
Mandela's last official public appearance. We will hear some of the | :08:49. | :08:57. | |
speeches that were made this morning there. It does seem to me there is a | :08:58. | :09:02. | |
lot of - there are obvious things that were said about Mandela, about | :09:03. | :09:06. | |
his charm, about his courage. People don't so often talk about his | :09:07. | :09:11. | |
political astuteness. He seems to me to have been extremely clever and | :09:12. | :09:16. | |
cunning in his politics? Would you agree with that? Absolutely. He was | :09:17. | :09:24. | |
a studied strategist of political engagement. He cultivated that | :09:25. | :09:31. | |
during his imprisonment. He read every book that was to be read about | :09:32. | :09:38. | |
the Afrikaans people. He read many biographies and he got to know each | :09:39. | :09:43. | |
and every one of the people that he engaged. So when he talked to his | :09:44. | :09:53. | |
jailors, he talked to them as fellow South Africans. When do you think it | :09:54. | :09:58. | |
dawned on them that the Afrikaaner needed him as much as he needed | :09:59. | :10:10. | |
them? What he did realise was the only way you could break an impasse | :10:11. | :10:15. | |
was for you who stand to gain more from the breaking of the impasse to | :10:16. | :10:23. | |
be willing to see the opportunities for compromise. You are asking | :10:24. | :10:29. | |
people who are in power to share that power and you come from the | :10:30. | :10:34. | |
outside and, therefore, you are the one who has to be willing to | :10:35. | :10:43. | |
compromise but do so in a way that takes the collective much further. | :10:44. | :10:47. | |
Hence his discussions with the ANC when he began talks with the | :10:48. | :10:51. | |
government saying to them, "We must make the first step to talk to them. | :10:52. | :10:55. | |
It is ridiculous not to." Them in the end coming around to agree to | :10:56. | :11:05. | |
that. The point is that he did not get agreement to talk to the other | :11:06. | :11:10. | |
side, which is one of the reasons why he asked to be put in solitary | :11:11. | :11:17. | |
confinement because he understood the importance of the moment. That | :11:18. | :11:23. | |
was the moment to talk. His peers and his comrades were not ready. He | :11:24. | :11:28. | |
decided to lead from the front. None of them stopped him, it has to be | :11:29. | :11:33. | |
said. Let's go - we will come back to this - the memorial service. It | :11:34. | :11:38. | |
began with the singing of the National Anthem. "God Save Africa." | :11:39. | :11:48. | |
# Nkosi sikelel' iAfrika. # Maluphakanyisw' uphondo lwayo. | :11:49. | :11:57. | |
# Yizwa imithandazo yethu. # Nkosi sikelela, thina lusapho | :11:58. | :12:00. | |
lwayo. # Morena boloka setjhaba sa heso. | :12:01. | :12:09. | |
# O fedise dintwa la matshwenyeho. # O se boloke, O se boloke setjhaba | :12:10. | :12:17. | |
sa heso. # Setjhaba sa South Afrika - South | :12:18. | :12:19. | |
Afrika. On behalf of the President, I | :12:20. | :12:39. | |
welcome all of you who have travelled from all corners of the | :12:40. | :12:45. | |
world. I also extend warm words of welcome to our friends from all over | :12:46. | :12:54. | |
the world and let us give Nelson Mandela's friends, as well as the | :12:55. | :12:59. | |
friends of South Africa from all over the world, a round of South | :13:00. | :13:04. | |
African warm welcome and say thank you for coming. | :13:05. | :13:09. | |
We were not able to stop the rain. But this is how Nelson Mandela would | :13:10. | :13:22. | |
have wanted to be sent off. These are blessings in our African | :13:23. | :13:27. | |
tradition. When it rains when you are buried, it means that your Gods | :13:28. | :13:32. | |
are welcoming you and the gates of heaven are most probably open as | :13:33. | :13:33. | |
well. This occasion should make all of us | :13:34. | :13:46. | |
to pause today and reflect on the life of Nelson Mandela. Today's | :13:47. | :13:55. | |
memorial service should hopefully give each one of us together our | :13:56. | :14:02. | |
memories of Nelson Mandela and on Sunday, we will bid him farewell in | :14:03. | :14:09. | |
Qunu when we lay him to rest knowing that our memories of him will endure | :14:10. | :14:16. | |
forever. I would like us now to do what he would have wanted us to do - | :14:17. | :14:26. | |
that is to open this memorial service with an interfaith opening | :14:27. | :14:27. | |
prayer. The prayers came from Chief Rabbi | :14:28. | :14:41. | |
Warren Goldstein, a representative of the Muslim faith and the | :14:42. | :14:45. | |
archbishop. In whose hands are the souls of the living and the dead, | :14:46. | :14:51. | |
receive we beseech you in your great loving kindness the soul of Nelson | :14:52. | :14:57. | |
Rolihlahla Mandela who has been gathered unto his people. Remember | :14:58. | :15:02. | |
him for the righteousness which he has done. Your sun shall never more | :15:03. | :15:10. | |
set, for the Lord God shall be your everlasting light and the days of | :15:11. | :15:16. | |
your mourning shall be ended and let us say amen. | :15:17. | :15:25. | |
Oh, supreme Lord. Lead us from untruth to truth. | :15:26. | :15:35. | |
Like our father Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela. Lead us from darkness to | :15:36. | :15:44. | |
light, like our father, Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela. Lead us from | :15:45. | :15:50. | |
death to immortality, like our father, Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela. | :15:51. | :15:53. | |
May he rest in peace. Amen. Our indebtedness to Madiba for his | :15:54. | :16:10. | |
self--less efforts, in salvaging the nation and leading it to the path of | :16:11. | :16:19. | |
peace, reconciliation and harmony. And laying the foundation of a free | :16:20. | :16:27. | |
and prosperous South Africa. With this prayer, we ask, let us | :16:28. | :16:35. | |
dedicate ourselves to the good ideals he strove to in his life. | :16:36. | :16:39. | |
Amen. Creator, God, Lord of life and love, | :16:40. | :17:05. | |
you hold the whole yun verse in your hands. Hell -- universe in your | :17:06. | :17:11. | |
hands. Help us to draw on the lessons of our past and to build on | :17:12. | :17:18. | |
the firm foundation that by your grace Madiba laid for us, give us | :17:19. | :17:24. | |
courage to hold fast to his values, to follow the example of his | :17:25. | :17:30. | |
practises and to share them with the world. | :17:31. | :17:36. | |
May he rest in peace and rise in glory. | :17:37. | :17:37. | |
Amen. # Da-da Madiba | :17:38. | :18:01. | |
Nelson Mandela The national chair of the ANC, the | :18:02. | :18:15. | |
African national Congress, who is cochairing this memorial event. | :18:16. | :18:39. | |
We are here to mourn the great man, but also to celebrate a glorious | :18:40. | :18:54. | |
life well lived. Today, more than any other is thankfulness for that | :18:55. | :19:04. | |
wonderful life. A son of Africa Africa. A descendant of a great | :19:05. | :19:07. | |
king. You will always be remembered. We are now going to call upon | :19:08. | :19:28. | |
Madiba's grandchildren. Madiba had 18 grandchildren and 12 great | :19:29. | :19:42. | |
grandchildren. We are going to call them, who are going to come and pay | :19:43. | :19:49. | |
tribute to their grandfather and great grandfather. I call them to | :19:50. | :19:54. | |
come to the stage to come and express their tributes to their | :19:55. | :19:56. | |
grandfather. On behalf of the family I would like | :19:57. | :20:13. | |
to thank all the heads of state that are here. Thank you. Madiba, the | :20:14. | :20:20. | |
last walk. Struck by lightning bolts in the dead of night, day dazed and | :20:21. | :20:29. | |
dis or disorientated, struggling to bid farewell to any mortal, caught | :20:30. | :20:35. | |
in the whirl wind. What do I do? I need a poem. When sadness and | :20:36. | :20:41. | |
celebrations can mingle, the body shudders, shakes and implodes. When | :20:42. | :20:48. | |
it blows in memories, the land is dreamt off. You are lodged in our | :20:49. | :20:53. | |
memories. You tower over the world like a Comet. Leaving streaks of | :20:54. | :20:57. | |
light for us to follow. We salute you. Madiba. | :20:58. | :21:21. | |
Who stole the fire from the Gods. The light to light our path to | :21:22. | :21:28. | |
freedom. Who lit our stoves to cook a meal of | :21:29. | :21:33. | |
peace and reconciliation. The giant tree has fallen, scattering one | :21:34. | :21:40. | |
million bright leafs, each messages of peace of love and reconciliation. | :21:41. | :21:46. | |
Shall we walk in his footstep footsteps? . Madiba, they say, you | :21:47. | :21:48. | |
are a brilliant man. They say you are a wise man. You | :21:49. | :22:03. | |
remind them of a wise man too. They say you have warmth and charm. | :22:04. | :22:11. | |
Warm and charming too. They say you are resilient. You are a mirror that | :22:12. | :22:19. | |
reflects the glory and splendour of heart. People reflect this dreams. | :22:20. | :22:25. | |
You have taught us that. A group of trees break the angry wind. The tree | :22:26. | :22:31. | |
that towers above the rest is broken by the wind. Proud of dreams of a | :22:32. | :22:37. | |
future where black and white, rich and poor, men, women and children | :22:38. | :22:44. | |
must live side by side. Dreaming the same dream. Realising that the time | :22:45. | :22:47. | |
in our land, we salute you. They were very moving, weren't they, | :22:48. | :23:02. | |
the grandchildren. That very last. PJ Powers, we saw you in there, | :23:03. | :23:08. | |
singing the choir. What were you singing? We were sing singing Nelson | :23:09. | :23:14. | |
Mandela. Let's see it. There you are, in the | :23:15. | :23:16. | |
middle there. You wrote some songs for these | :23:17. | :23:32. | |
events. Have you got some songs, your famous songs. You sang at the | :23:33. | :23:36. | |
World Cup. Yes, I did. That is a song that has been sung at all the | :23:37. | :23:42. | |
Rugby World Cups. It was a hymn. I did it at the 1995 World Cup. What | :23:43. | :23:49. | |
did you think of today? What did you make of it? It with us a wonderful | :23:50. | :23:56. | |
celebration. It was a send-off, as I said earlier, this man who brought | :23:57. | :24:02. | |
everybody together. That is how it happened Oman Mandela is and will | :24:03. | :24:09. | |
remain -- is how it happened. Nelson Mandela is and will remain the | :24:10. | :24:13. | |
greatest thing this country will ever see. What did you make of | :24:14. | :24:18. | |
today? I realised that Mandela is the unifier. | :24:19. | :24:21. | |
The whole world was here in South Africa. | :24:22. | :24:24. | |
You were touched by the number of people who came? The number of | :24:25. | :24:31. | |
foreign dignitaries. Did you not expect that? I did expect South | :24:32. | :24:35. | |
Africans would come in their numbers. I did not expect the heads | :24:36. | :24:39. | |
of state and Government would come in the numbers they did. Countries | :24:40. | :24:44. | |
that I wouldn't have thought that had a lot of dealings with South | :24:45. | :24:47. | |
Africa. What do you think brought them here? | :24:48. | :24:58. | |
Mandela. They had to be here to represent their countries. It looks | :24:59. | :25:02. | |
like to me, everybody would like to be like Mandela. Anyone who is a | :25:03. | :25:07. | |
leader of a community of people, a nation, and if they can't, at least | :25:08. | :25:11. | |
they must be associated with Mandela. And he inspires them in | :25:12. | :25:16. | |
various ways. Not all of them are able, or none of them are able to | :25:17. | :25:21. | |
emulate him as much as they would like to, but he is an example that | :25:22. | :25:26. | |
everybody would like to be associated with. Do you think a new | :25:27. | :25:32. | |
generation will draw inspiration from Mandela's life. What would you | :25:33. | :25:40. | |
want them to learn from it? Mandela touches that inside ourselves, that | :25:41. | :25:45. | |
wants us to be bigger. And I have seen it with young | :25:46. | :25:52. | |
people. Even young children, having just touched him, having just been | :25:53. | :25:57. | |
touched by him. Already, so in terms of their | :25:58. | :26:02. | |
possibilities. And that, I think, is what is amazing about his legacy. | :26:03. | :26:10. | |
He's legacy calls us to greatness. At every point, because the way he | :26:11. | :26:18. | |
related to people, he made himself present in the moment that he talks | :26:19. | :26:24. | |
to you. However young, however old, however poor, however rich, he was | :26:25. | :26:30. | |
present in the moment. And of course, his example of | :26:31. | :26:37. | |
servant leadership, a man who gave of himself, in order to serve, not | :26:38. | :26:43. | |
in a subservient way, but in a way that says, this is what leadership | :26:44. | :26:46. | |
is about. This is what is possible if we work | :26:47. | :26:50. | |
together. And so, I believe that today we were | :26:51. | :26:58. | |
celebrate celebrating the greatness of, not just the man, but the | :26:59. | :27:04. | |
greatness of what he has inspired in us. And in our country and in the | :27:05. | :27:10. | |
world. The African National Congress | :27:11. | :27:15. | |
organised today. You represent also traditional leaders and you are | :27:16. | :27:23. | |
going to play a special part in the ceremony? As part of the collective | :27:24. | :27:32. | |
of tragsal leadership in the area. -- traditional leadership in the | :27:33. | :27:37. | |
area. Being the old original law-giving law-makers. The original | :27:38. | :27:42. | |
rulers of South Africa. We have heard of things like speaking to the | :27:43. | :27:47. | |
body and particularly - what actually happens? What will we see | :27:48. | :27:53. | |
happen? Well, we believe that a person even as he is dead continues | :27:54. | :27:58. | |
to live through his spirit. So, therefore that is why it is | :27:59. | :28:02. | |
important that when he is to be moved from one place to the other | :28:03. | :28:08. | |
that someone has to speak to him. To speak to his spirit, to tell him | :28:09. | :28:12. | |
this is where we are moving from now, this is where we're going to. | :28:13. | :28:17. | |
So his spirit does not wander about. It must be together with the body | :28:18. | :28:23. | |
until the final resting place. So that it become becomes part of the | :28:24. | :28:28. | |
family - the guardian of the home steed, where he lies to rest. What | :28:29. | :28:33. | |
is the relationship between traditional leadership and the more | :28:34. | :28:37. | |
political leadership of the ANC, in your view? I believe South Africa | :28:38. | :28:45. | |
has strived to do and is still striving to do is to have a place in | :28:46. | :28:52. | |
our constitutional democracy for traditional leadership. And this is | :28:53. | :28:58. | |
important because there is a sense in which the evolution of | :28:59. | :29:03. | |
traditional leadership in South Africa was interrupted by | :29:04. | :29:10. | |
colonialism. So, the process of bring bringing into modernity those | :29:11. | :29:19. | |
cultural customary practises has to be enacted in a way that is within | :29:20. | :29:27. | |
the spirit of a human rights-based constitution. That is the genius of | :29:28. | :29:33. | |
Madiba, in that he recognised the importance of traditional | :29:34. | :29:38. | |
leadership. But also recognised the contradictions that are likely to | :29:39. | :29:46. | |
arise. And, as a lawyer, and as a human rights principled man, he | :29:47. | :29:51. | |
always made sure that when there is a contradiction, the constitution | :29:52. | :29:58. | |
must rule. You as, not belonging to that side of South African culture, | :29:59. | :30:03. | |
are you surprised by that? Do you find a conflict between the modern | :30:04. | :30:07. | |
politician and the traditional, well you were there dancing and singing | :30:08. | :30:12. | |
in the traditional style - is it surprising to you, is it natural to | :30:13. | :30:14. | |
you? I believe the two can co-habit. | :30:15. | :30:34. | |
There is a place. I cherish the modern side that plans the way | :30:35. | :30:38. | |
forward. We will see a singer in a moment, I hope. Let's watch a bit | :30:39. | :30:42. | |
more of what went on this morning. I suppose the highlight of the day for | :30:43. | :30:47. | |
many was the speech by the American President, Barack Obama. But other | :30:48. | :30:52. | |
speeches and music before that. Here, for instance, is the | :30:53. | :30:57. | |
Secretary-General of the United Nations, Ban Ki-moon. Nelson Mandela | :30:58. | :31:07. | |
showed us the way with a heart larger than this stadium and an | :31:08. | :31:19. | |
infectious smile that could light up the world. Nelson Mandela is at | :31:20. | :31:29. | |
rest. His long walk complete. Let us now be inspired by the spirit he | :31:30. | :31:44. | |
awoken in all of us. It is a duty of all of us who loved him to keep his | :31:45. | :31:56. | |
memory alive, in our hearts and to embody his example in our lives. May | :31:57. | :32:00. | |
he rest in peace and eternity. # Can reach down and bless our | :32:01. | :32:42. | |
hearts # From his heaven above... # | :32:43. | :33:28. | |
To the people of South Africa - people of every race and walk of | :33:29. | :34:08. | |
life - the world thanks you for sharing Nelson Mandela with us. It | :34:09. | :34:16. | |
is hard to eulogise any man - to capture in words not just the facts | :34:17. | :34:20. | |
and the dates that make a life, but the essential truth of a person - | :34:21. | :34:23. | |
their private joys and sorrows; the quiet moments and unique qualities | :34:24. | :34:34. | |
that illuminate someone's soul. How much harder to do so for a giant of | :34:35. | :34:38. | |
history, who moved a nation toward justice, and in the process moved | :34:39. | :34:53. | |
billions around the world. We see a man who earned his place in history | :34:54. | :35:01. | |
through struggle and shrewdness and persistence and faith. He tells us | :35:02. | :35:07. | |
what is possible, not just in the pages of history books, but in our | :35:08. | :35:31. | |
own lives as well. Moreover, he accepted the consequences of his | :35:32. | :35:34. | |
actions, knowing that standing up to powerful interests and injustice | :35:35. | :35:37. | |
carries a price. "I have fought against white domination and I have | :35:38. | :35:40. | |
fought against black domination. I've cherished the ideal of a | :35:41. | :35:43. | |
democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony | :35:44. | :35:47. | |
and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for | :35:48. | :35:52. | |
and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared | :35:53. | :36:11. | |
to die." There is a word in South Africa - Ubuntu - a word that | :36:12. | :36:18. | |
captures Mandela's greatest gift: his recognition that we are all | :36:19. | :36:21. | |
bound together in ways that are invisible to the eye; that there is | :36:22. | :36:24. | |
a oneness to humanity; that we achieve ourselves by sharing | :36:25. | :36:27. | |
ourselves with others, and caring for those around us. We will never | :36:28. | :36:51. | |
see the likes of Nelson Mandela again. May God bless the people of | :36:52. | :37:02. | |
South Africa. Can I just remind the people sitting up there that we will | :37:03. | :37:14. | |
wait until you have finished? Can we keep silent, please? Right up there. | :37:15. | :37:29. | |
We do not call Madiba the father of our nation, merely for political | :37:30. | :38:22. | |
correctness or relevance: We do so because he laid a firm foundation | :38:23. | :38:25. | |
for the South Africa of our dreams - one that is united, non-racial, | :38:26. | :38:28. | |
non-sexist, democratic and prosperous. We do so because Madiba | :38:29. | :38:31. | |
was a courageous leader. Courageous leaders are able to abandon their | :38:32. | :38:34. | |
narrow concerns for bigger and all-embracing dreams, even if those | :38:35. | :38:37. | |
dreams come at a huge price. Madiba embodied this trait. He was a | :38:38. | :38:41. | |
fearless freedom fighter who refused to allow the brutality of the | :38:42. | :38:44. | |
apartheid state to stand in the way of the struggle for the liberation | :38:45. | :38:51. | |
of his people. Our Father, Madiba, has run a good race. He declared in | :38:52. | :39:04. | |
his own words, in 1994, he said, "Death is something inevitable. When | :39:05. | :39:12. | |
a man has done what he considers to be his duty to his people and his | :39:13. | :39:21. | |
country, he can rest in peace. I believe I've made that effort and | :39:22. | :39:31. | |
that is, therefore, why I will sleep for eternity." Rest in peace, Our | :39:32. | :39:39. | |
Father, and our hero. Thank you very much. | :39:40. | :39:53. | |
We promise God, you must say "yes". We promise God that we are going to | :39:54. | :40:10. | |
follow the example of Nelson Mandela. Yes! | :40:11. | :40:41. | |
STUDIO: A robust blessing given by Desmond Tutu. He said he wouldn't | :40:42. | :41:09. | |
give the blessing unless there was silence, so he could hear a pin | :41:10. | :41:13. | |
drop. Then the dignitaries and the crowd left. Winnie Mandela in the | :41:14. | :41:17. | |
middle. There were four British Prime Ministers here today for this | :41:18. | :41:21. | |
memorial. Sir John Major, Tony Blair, Gordon Brown and David | :41:22. | :41:25. | |
Cameron, who I spoke to here about his reaction to the events he had | :41:26. | :41:29. | |
witnessed. You have come from the stadium. What | :41:30. | :41:33. | |
was it like in there? It was more like a celebration than a | :41:34. | :41:38. | |
commemoration, a music, dance, people swaying - it was | :41:39. | :41:41. | |
extraordinary. I thought the highlight was the Obama speech, | :41:42. | :41:46. | |
where it was very, very powerful and really roused the crowd. It made | :41:47. | :41:51. | |
everyone look inwards and think, "What more can I do to honour the | :41:52. | :41:55. | |
memory of this great man?" You didn't get to speak at all? I wasn't | :41:56. | :42:01. | |
coming to speak, I was coming to pay my respects. That was a wonderful | :42:02. | :42:04. | |
thing to be able to do. You felt very proud to be there. Also, an | :42:05. | :42:09. | |
extraordinary opportunity to meet quite so many other heads of state | :42:10. | :42:15. | |
and government, the sort of diplomatic argy-bargy was | :42:16. | :42:19. | |
interesting in itself. Tell us about that. It is quite odd to find four | :42:20. | :42:24. | |
American presidents all in one place. In fact, Carter, Clinton, | :42:25. | :42:27. | |
Bush, Obama. That is an interesting start. Then a lot of African | :42:28. | :42:33. | |
leaders, who I have met before, I was able to talk to. I could | :42:34. | :42:37. | |
commiserate with Francois Hollande about his losses in the Central | :42:38. | :42:42. | |
African Republic. Then a wide range of people from the President of | :42:43. | :42:52. | |
Mexico to the Prime Minister of India. Raul Castro, did you shake | :42:53. | :42:57. | |
his hand? I didn't. I didn't meet him, actually. I managed to not meet | :42:58. | :43:02. | |
Robert Mugabe. Other than that, I did meet a lot of people. How did | :43:03. | :43:06. | |
you manage not to meet Robert Mugabe? I can't think. Deft hands! | :43:07. | :43:15. | |
There are some African leaders I admire. The President of Botswana is | :43:16. | :43:23. | |
doing a fantastic job. Yes. There are people who are doing great | :43:24. | :43:28. | |
things for their countries. Do you really have a chance to say anything | :43:29. | :43:34. | |
meaningful? You are there for quite a long time. Yes, you do. There are | :43:35. | :43:39. | |
always - our Foreign Office is very good at making the most of all your | :43:40. | :43:43. | |
contacts. There's this wonderful thing on some of their notes that | :43:44. | :43:48. | |
says, "Perhaps best not to talk to you, but if you do, this is the | :43:49. | :43:52. | |
point you ought to make." You do have a chance. You have cue cards | :43:53. | :43:57. | |
like Ronald Reagan used to have? Britain is - we are competing in a | :43:58. | :44:02. | |
global race. We want to have relationships, engagements across | :44:03. | :44:06. | |
the world. In Africa, you have some of the fastest-growing economies | :44:07. | :44:11. | |
right now. Getting Britain more involved in South Africa, Nigeria, | :44:12. | :44:16. | |
Botswana, Mozambique, this is a very important part of our country. It is | :44:17. | :44:21. | |
not appropriate to do too much of that during a massive commemoration | :44:22. | :44:24. | |
like today. These relationships matter. I spend a lot of time on | :44:25. | :44:28. | |
them. You have been critical of the Conservative Party's attitude | :44:29. | :44:33. | |
towards apartheid. Do you think Mrs Thatcher and that period allowed | :44:34. | :44:38. | |
apartheid to go on longer than it otherwise would have done? Mrs | :44:39. | :44:42. | |
Thatcher was an opponent of apartheid. She wanted Nelson Mandela | :44:43. | :44:47. | |
freed and letters have been released to prove that. There was the | :44:48. | :44:51. | |
question of the attitude towards sanctions, which I have spoken about | :44:52. | :44:54. | |
in the past. I think we should be clear that all political parties in | :44:55. | :44:58. | |
Britain were opposed to apartheid. I remember seeing for myself what an | :44:59. | :45:02. | |
appalling system it was. What were the mistakes that the Conservative | :45:03. | :45:12. | |
Party made? I wrote about this in 2006. There was an argument there. | :45:13. | :45:20. | |
There is always an argument with sanctions. Does it hit the | :45:21. | :45:24. | |
government? Or does it hit the people? On all sides of politics, | :45:25. | :45:30. | |
everyone wanted to see change in South Africa. I don't think anyone | :45:31. | :45:34. | |
believed in their heart of hearts that it really would happen as | :45:35. | :45:38. | |
peacefully as it did. That was the most wonderful thing about it. | :45:39. | :45:44. | |
Mandela leaving prison and then this immense political change also made | :45:45. | :45:48. | |
possible - we should remember this - and he was there today in the seats | :45:49. | :45:53. | |
with all the world leaders - FW de Klerk who himself was awarded the | :45:54. | :45:58. | |
Nobel Peace Prize and who helped make this extraordinary change | :45:59. | :46:11. | |
possible. Just on a political point what, do you think for a politician | :46:12. | :46:17. | |
is the lesson that Mandela taught? I think the biggest lesson is this | :46:18. | :46:22. | |
immense generosity and this boldness - this sense that you should do the | :46:23. | :46:28. | |
right thing. When you think of how bitter Mandela could have been, when | :46:29. | :46:31. | |
you think of the leadership he could have given in a more sectional | :46:32. | :46:36. | |
direction. The fact he choose openness, he choose to forgive his | :46:37. | :46:43. | |
former captors andor mentors and wanted to create an open and | :46:44. | :46:47. | |
generous South Africa, I think that is an immense political lesson. That | :46:48. | :46:52. | |
was the best part, for me of the whole day was Obama saying, there | :46:53. | :46:57. | |
are those who hold up Madiba as an icon, but don't always follow his | :46:58. | :47:04. | |
lessons about tolerance, not imprisoning your political | :47:05. | :47:06. | |
opponents. I thought that was a great moment. I thought a very | :47:07. | :47:10. | |
powerful point that perhaps only Obama could have made in that way, | :47:11. | :47:14. | |
at that time, in front of all those people. Prime Minister, thank you | :47:15. | :47:17. | |
very much. Thank you for joining us. David Cameron, who was here earlier. | :47:18. | :47:25. | |
Now the mourning lasts several days. Tomorrow, something quite different. | :47:26. | :47:31. | |
Tomorrow, the commemoration moves from the football stadium in Soweto, | :47:32. | :47:36. | |
here to Pretoria, the capital of South Africa. | :47:37. | :47:40. | |
For three days Nelson Mandela's body will lie here in state for the | :47:41. | :47:44. | |
ordinary people of South Africa to file past. These are the Union | :47:45. | :47:49. | |
Buildings - the headquarters of the presidency and the Government. It | :47:50. | :47:53. | |
was here that just under 20 years ago we watched Nelson Mandela, up | :47:54. | :47:58. | |
there on the platform, taking the oath as President, surrounded by all | :47:59. | :48:02. | |
of the people who opposed him - the General, the chiefs of police, the | :48:03. | :48:07. | |
nationalist politician, as he became President of South Africa. There was | :48:08. | :48:12. | |
that great moment when the jets from the South African Air Force streamed | :48:13. | :48:16. | |
past, flying coloured smoke in the colours of the South African flag. | :48:17. | :48:20. | |
Tomorrow will be a much more sombre affair, of course. The coffin will | :48:21. | :48:23. | |
be brought from the military hospital, down there in Pretoria, | :48:24. | :48:29. | |
will wind up through these gardens to this central platform here. It is | :48:30. | :48:33. | |
here that people will file past. And each day, for three days, that | :48:34. | :48:37. | |
coffin is going to be brought from the hospital, to be taken back at | :48:38. | :48:42. | |
night and then once again to go through the streets. No doubt the | :48:43. | :48:46. | |
scenes will be very moving. There's another building that is | :48:47. | :48:49. | |
just as important to the Mandela story here in downtown Pretoria - | :48:50. | :48:54. | |
the Palace of Justice, on Church Square. It is here where Mandela was | :48:55. | :49:00. | |
put on trial for plotting violent revolution on 9th October, 1963. | :49:01. | :49:06. | |
He expected the death penalty, but received a life sentence, to a | :49:07. | :49:11. | |
hugely relieved public gallery. The 27 years he spent in jail changed | :49:12. | :49:16. | |
him, as he explained to me when I met him. | :49:17. | :49:20. | |
Before I went to jail I was very arrogant. And there is evidence of | :49:21. | :49:24. | |
that. But you know, when I was in jail, I | :49:25. | :49:32. | |
had something I did not have outside - the ability to sit down and just | :49:33. | :49:40. | |
think. To review your past life and the future role you have to play. I | :49:41. | :49:48. | |
became ashamed, because I'd behaved like an animal, to people who were | :49:49. | :49:55. | |
very kind to me. And I decided that if ever I got a chance, I will make | :49:56. | :50:02. | |
them appreciate what they did to me. They would know that I appreciated. | :50:03. | :50:09. | |
In just a few hours, these streets will be blocked off and the solemn | :50:10. | :50:13. | |
funeral procession will make its way. Another step on South Africa's | :50:14. | :50:18. | |
long goodbye to Nelson Mandela. The man they call Madiba. | :50:19. | :50:26. | |
And here we are with the Union Buildings behind us. We will be | :50:27. | :50:31. | |
there early tomorrow for the funeral procession. Let's use these last | :50:32. | :50:35. | |
moments to talk about what happens next. Everybody has expressed their | :50:36. | :50:41. | |
view about what Mandela gave South Africa. The question now is, South | :50:42. | :50:45. | |
Africa clearly has problems - how is that legacy going to be turned, do | :50:46. | :50:50. | |
you think, into policies that keep the country united? You have started | :50:51. | :50:53. | |
a new political party because you don't like what the ANC are doing. | :50:54. | :51:01. | |
I believe that Mandela's passing gives us another opportunity. A | :51:02. | :51:08. | |
second chance to re-commit to the values that he lived and worked so | :51:09. | :51:15. | |
hard for. Which the African National Congress have moved away from that? | :51:16. | :51:22. | |
I believe that there is a big gap between what leaders in the African | :51:23. | :51:27. | |
National Congress say and what they do. The issue of human dignity | :51:28. | :51:38. | |
cannot be set to be met with the kind of conditions under which the | :51:39. | :51:43. | |
majority of South Africans still live. You speak of poverty and no | :51:44. | :51:54. | |
electricity and no education and no jobs, indeed. The most important gap | :51:55. | :52:02. | |
is education, which Mandela himself said, education is the key to the | :52:03. | :52:07. | |
future. What the ANC has failed to do over the last 20 years is to | :52:08. | :52:13. | |
provide every child with an education that will awaken the | :52:14. | :52:21. | |
genius. Instead, we have young people graduating from high school | :52:22. | :52:28. | |
who can't read, can't write and end up in our streets. Four million of | :52:29. | :52:34. | |
them are out there. What is to be down? Your party? Let's build a | :52:35. | :52:41. | |
South Africa of our dreams. A South Africa which will encapsulate this | :52:42. | :52:48. | |
dream and the focus has to be on quality education that brings out | :52:49. | :52:54. | |
the best in every child and live livelihoods. | :52:55. | :52:57. | |
What do you think of this - this criticism of the ANC they are not | :52:58. | :53:03. | |
delivering what Nelson Mandela intended should be delivered? First | :53:04. | :53:07. | |
of all, Nelson Mandela himself was an advocate of the community or a | :53:08. | :53:14. | |
nation that calls on the Government to account. And the good thing about | :53:15. | :53:19. | |
the ANC is that it lives with the people. Even if the leadership might | :53:20. | :53:24. | |
seem to be distant from the people at times, but they understand what | :53:25. | :53:28. | |
the needs of the people are. They always come up with a strategy. It | :53:29. | :53:34. | |
is different from serving the needs of the people - providing education, | :53:35. | :53:39. | |
finding a way of providing jobs. Not allowing people, the poor to get | :53:40. | :53:43. | |
poorer and the rich, richer, isn't it? That is why again on a regular | :53:44. | :53:48. | |
basis it is policies that address the conditions that obtain - it is | :53:49. | :53:53. | |
in a position at all times to come up with these strategies that are | :53:54. | :53:58. | |
going to address... . And you are content with the way things are | :53:59. | :54:02. | |
going in this country? We could do better, could do more. And the good | :54:03. | :54:06. | |
thing again is we have this constitution, which guarantees | :54:07. | :54:13. | |
freedom of expression. Everybody, therefore, is in a position... | :54:14. | :54:18. | |
People can say what they like, but PJ Powers, you see it as it has | :54:19. | :54:25. | |
developed since the first universal elections. What do you make of it? | :54:26. | :54:30. | |
The footage you have shown is the fun mental difference between Nelson | :54:31. | :54:35. | |
Mandela and the politicians that are -- the funt mental differences | :54:36. | :54:39. | |
between Nelson Mandela and the politicians. | :54:40. | :54:43. | |
I think also what is so incredibly amazing about Nelson Mandela is he | :54:44. | :54:48. | |
always did the unexpected. You know, in 1995, with the World Cup rugby, | :54:49. | :54:53. | |
he walked into enemy territory, basically. He was surrounded with | :54:54. | :54:59. | |
people saying, "Nelson. Nelson." He came out of prison and had tea. He | :55:00. | :55:08. | |
went into areas where he crossed barriers. That is the pam | :55:09. | :55:12. | |
approximate he has set us -- that is the example he has set us. If we | :55:13. | :55:16. | |
deliver on those examples, where we are accountable for the actions and | :55:17. | :55:26. | |
we say, yes, we did wrong, that is the fundamental difference. Has he | :55:27. | :55:33. | |
reconciled Afrikaans English? You say, no. | :55:34. | :55:49. | |
Part of the architect's team says to ordinary people, that if you do not | :55:50. | :55:58. | |
vote for the ANC they will come back and dominate us. That is a said | :55:59. | :56:04. | |
statement from someone who ought to know better. To for me, the Long | :56:05. | :56:11. | |
Walk To Freedom is not yet over. The responsibility we have today and the | :56:12. | :56:17. | |
commitment we ought to make, as we lay this great son of Africa to | :56:18. | :56:23. | |
rest, is to commit to living the dream he worked so hard for. And | :56:24. | :56:31. | |
that starts with a Government that, not only does policies, but that is | :56:32. | :56:38. | |
clean, because corruption is what has stolen the future of many South | :56:39. | :56:46. | |
Africans. And a Government that is competent and accountable, as PJ | :56:47. | :56:51. | |
said. Let's just for a moment look ahead to the next days of mourning. | :56:52. | :56:56. | |
What will happen tomorrow, do you think? You are going to be at the | :56:57. | :57:01. | |
funeral. You are singing? I am singing in Qunu. And there'll be | :57:02. | :57:06. | |
choirs... Yes. What do you think the mood will be? The mood here at the | :57:07. | :57:11. | |
Union Buildings will be a lot more sombre than today. What do you think | :57:12. | :57:16. | |
it will be like? It should be sombre, mostly because the people | :57:17. | :57:20. | |
will be viewing the body of Madiba, lying, not speaking, not to speak | :57:21. | :57:25. | |
any more. And that, meaning therefore, that is the end of Madiba | :57:26. | :57:30. | |
and we are only left with the legacy that he left us. His family will be | :57:31. | :57:35. | |
there, won't they, to receive the body - is that right? Here, lying in | :57:36. | :57:41. | |
state? I am not sure. I imagine there'll always be family members | :57:42. | :57:45. | |
who are there, even if he will be in the care of the military. What do | :57:46. | :57:50. | |
you expect to see? You'll be with us, I hope, tomorrow? It will be a | :57:51. | :57:55. | |
sombre day and viewing the body of a loved one is the hardest thing. | :57:56. | :58:02. | |
And for those of us who are close to him in more personal ways, it is | :58:03. | :58:11. | |
something that always touches you in a very fundamental way. Thank you | :58:12. | :58:14. | |
very much. I thank all three of you very much. That ends this look at | :58:15. | :58:18. | |
today's events here in South Africa. We will be back at 5 5am tomorrow, | :58:19. | :58:26. | |
did I say that really, on BBC Two, to watch the procession to the Union | :58:27. | :58:33. | |
Buildings, high up on the hill behind us. I hope you will join us. | :58:34. | :58:39. | |
Until then, good evening. | :58:40. | :58:43. |