25/06/2014 The One Show

Hello and welcome to The One Show, with Alex Jones.

There's a lot of responsibility on our shoulders tonight, because

we are going to be announcing the chosen category that will win

And the Queen's Astronomer Lord Rees has said, and I quote,

"I have been keenly anticipating tonight's episode of The One Show".

Professor Alice Roberts will explain how it started because it started

300 years ago. But the prize in 2014 is so much more significant. It is a

global challenge as it was in 1714 but the difference is the public are

involved, it is not just the government going, this is a science

challenge we want to be solved. We have asked the public to vote on the

six challengers to decide which is the most important and Word 10000000

pounds. Remind us of those subjects. Flying without damaging

the environment. Preventing the rise

of resistance to antibiotics. Ensuring global access

to clean water. Is there a new way we can think of

doing this? Is there a scientific solution to

helping people living with dementia? And another medical category as

paralysis. It is probably not going to be a biological cure but could we

do something to restore mobility for people who are paralysed? And how

can we provide enough food of sufficient quantity and quality for

the huge and rising global population. The idea is for viewers

to vote and this is how you can get involved. There is still time.

Text either the word Antibiotics, Dementia, Flight, Food,

Paralysis or Water to 60011, for the cost of a standard message.

Or you can vote for free online at bbc.co.uk/horizon,

where there are terms and conditions too.

Those lines have been open for five weeks, but tonight

Any votes received after the lines close won't count

And we'll get to know the result by the end of tonight's programme.

Can you believe it? It is really exciting, I was here five weeks ago

launching it and now we will find out the challenge. Tonight is the

Joining us tonight is a man who has seen a lot

How are you? Were you listening to that? I was fascinated by it. What

do you think, which would you vote for? I think water is going to be a

real problem for us in the future. Out on the ground as the team, we

can go without food for -- for a period but clean water is essential.

When you look at people looking to the heavens to get -- find future

planets, they are looking for water for life. I would go with water. Get

your phone out, get voting! Many people will have seen Ross's

documentaries. Later, we'll talk about the stuff

that happens behind the cameras. But first, we're hearing more

and more about the young So we sent Lucy Siegle out onto

the streets with BBC Security Correspondent Frank Gardner

so you could ask him your own Western intervention has become a

possibility. We have participated in battles. Frank Gardner has been a

BBC correspondent for nearly 20 years. In 2004, he was shot six

times by Al-Qaeda while reporting in Saudi Arabia, leaving him paralysed.

I have put him to speak to locals in Croydon, South London, to see if he

can answer their questions on what this escalating crisis is about.

What is ISIS and what their goals? ISIS is a small but powerful army

that grew out of Al-Qaeda in Iraq. It moved into Syria, it has been

fighting there and it has moved back into Iraq and it is taking a lot of

territory. They have been very perfect because the Iraqi army is

weak. They have a reputation for extreme brutality, and even Al-Qaeda

has disowned them. Pauline has a question. Is the

British government interested in the people in Iraq? Or are they

interested in the oil? This is not about oil, this is about stopping

the extremist group from taking over large areas of the Middle East from

which it would launch attacks on other countries like Jordan and

Saudi Arabia. And the threat of people going out from not just

Britain but Europe, spending time with very violent people who execute

civilians in cold blood. The worry is these people will come back here

determined to continue what they have been doing.

What is the government in this country doing? Is there any way they

can actually prevent it? Prevent youth becoming radicalised? I put

this question this week to the Metropolitan Weise had of

counterterrorism and she said when we know somebody has been to Syria

with an extremist group, they are detained at ports, she says they are

very active. But I do not think they have a handle on it. Surely their

Internet can protect us, we can look up their conversations.

This is controversial because it means sleeping. The government says

that if you have not committed a crime, you have nothing to fear.

Nobody likes people looking at your e-mails. If it saves lives, that is

what you have to do. What would any man give as advice to good Muslims

like yourself about the rights and wrongs of going to fight somewhere

like Syria and Iraq? They would tell you to follow the

path of the prophet, he has fought in a war and the cause is just. If

the cause is the same similar, you can go out and do good. So they say

it is OK to go out and fight? If you believe the cause is just, yes, they

believe they are doing the right thing. Personally, I do not think it

is. We have heard these different

opinions today. Is there any chance now of a potentially useful

political solution? David Cameron has told this country, this is the

biggest terrorist threat to pitching -- to Britain right now, jihadists

going out to Syria and Iraq. There is a tiny proportion of people that

are extreme so their friends and family need to look out for that

extremism. You cannot cure this with police sanctions, it is a battle of

the mines and that is where it will be won or lost. Dashed minds. -- a

battle of the mines. I think even Frank was an whitened.

Would you ever take your team out to speak to ISIS? -- enlightened. As a

lead, no, it is so unstable and they would love to get hold of Western

journalists. If they carry ongoing the way they are going, they will be

legitimised and maybe they will be more friendly to the media. It is so

unstable out there, I would not advise anybody to go out, to go out

and fight or to cover it as a news story, I would stay where they are.

You have not shied away from lots of situations and your new rock the A

to Z of Hell is about behind-the-scenes, but let's remind

ourselves what goes on on the camera.

We cannot name Isabella which is heavily guarded. -- this about love.

You need a rifle with such power. And have you ever had to use it? --

this favella. Who did you fire it against yesterday? Do you worry

about your life? That was from Extreme World. They

are 15, he was as tall as the rifle he was firing and he was taught to

fire at six and he was about eight, nine years old. It is easy to

manipulate children. Talking about Iraq and the sensitivities, what

tactic do you take? You are there with the crew and it must be

incredibly -- and you must be incredibly vulnerable. We have never

taken close protection or bodyguards. As soon as you threaten

the people you are interviewing, they will feel defensive and they

will not be as honest or forthcoming as you wish. And the team and I, we

are a very small team, sometimes just myself and a cameraman, it it

is the intimacy you can build up over a period -- and it is the

intimacy. We have the luxury of time and that is when you get good

interviews and trust. The access you get is phenomenal and that has led

to disasters along the way. As noted in this book. Tell us about the

close call you had for the helicopter. That was pretty scary.

We were out in the Amazon. We were trying to get to a tribe and we were

going in by helicopter from the airport. Halfway there and the

director turned round to me with my headset on and I was wearing a

harness so I could lean out to get a shot, I had the Amazon behind me...

He said, check the rotor is still going round. I said, don't be silly,

can we get out? No, can you make sure. You generally fall out of the

sky if it is not going round. I was looking out at animals, snakes and

trees, so it was half an hour back to the airport and we did a skid

land, an emergency landing. The next day, we got into what I could

describe as a buying caravan. And leaving the tribe, it got so hot

that we did not have enough left. -- a flying caravan. I had a cameraman

on my lap, a large pilot, a lot of crucifixes and sing Christophers

which we were kissing as we took off. -- Saint Christophers. And we

hit the canopy, so we took a bit of the rainforest with us.

Goodness me! It is not always about what you are doing but getting out

of the place. You have to have a good sense of humour.

Ross's book is out now. It's called the A-Z of

Ballroom Dancing. How to dance whilst still looking

hard. Tap dancing in your body armour!

I have been at three times. I was in camp Asti and on the way out and it

was the first text message I got, thinking, how bizarre. -- and I was

asked on the way out. I love the show and I am a fan, it is just

having the time. 2014 is your year. We have to remind you the Longitude

Prize voting lines have now closed. Do not vote, we will announce the

winner at the end of the show in 20 minutes.

So, Andy Murray's through to the third round of Wimbledon,

so we have a tennis-themed challenge coming up next.

Outside is Robo-Murray, a hi-tech tennis robot.

And there's Mike Dilger, dressed in strict regulation whites, trying

It looks like Mike's going to need some help,

so we asked Michael Mosley to find out how elite sports stars are able

In sport, the difference between success and failure can come down to

just a fraction of a second. A saved goal. An electrifying return. An

explosive start out of the blocks. Age, sex, wait. They are all

supposed to affect the speed at which you react to something. But

which really impacts your reaction times? And what, if anything, can

you do about it? In men's hockey, goalkeepers have to content with

shots fired at up to 100 mph. -- to contends with. Top table tennis

players may have just 0.3 seconds to return the ball. How much of our

reaction time is down to ability and how much to training? I have come to

Wimbledon lawn tennis club to find out. With former top five women's

gigabits tennis player Georgie. She has competed in all four grand slam

tennis events -- Great British tennis player. She is now a coach

here at Wimbledon. Joining us to analyse our reaction it is Paul, a

neurologist at Imperial College, London. Using cranial magnetic

stimulation, he will put a stimulus on the

stimulation, he will put a stimulus on part of our brain that controls

the right hand. The current will cause a reaction in the hand,

enabling him to measure the time it takes for the signal to travel

through our neurones from brain to hand. This replicates how our brain

would send a signal to our hand to react to something like a tennis

serve. shows the time as being 20 ms. That

is the time it takes for the stimulus to travel down the spinal

cord, to the nerve of your arm and cause the muscle to contract. That

is the equivalent of 100 miles an hour. She has worked on her tennis

reactions since she was a child. How will she compare? I am going to zap

the left side of your brain which should be connected to the right

side of your body. We will turn it up and he we go. How did I compare?

Your response was almost identical. 20 ms for the response to go from

your brain to your hand. It may be surprising to learn we have almost

the same wiring. The motor nerves which sends signals to the muscle do

so at largely the same speed. How can she returned the Serbs so much

more efficiently than I can? Research has shown that 80% of

reaction is down to processing or thinking time and 20% is the

electrical pulse going down the muscle from the brain. That is why

she can get herself into position to return the high speed service so

much faster than I can. This sports psychologist specialises in coaching

athletes to perform at the top of their game. What is happening out

there? Expert players pick up from cues from their opponents on the

other side of the net, Michael Foot position, Alberto position, racquet

head position. -- like foot position. She can decide where she

needs to move earlier than someone who does not have the experience.

So, it is about lots of practice. It is about quality of practice and not

quantity. Who knows, with little help, perhaps I may yet be giving

Andy Murray a run for his money this year!

We're going to put Mike's reaction times to

the test now with Robo-Murray, our robotic Andy Murray.

Robo-Murray's serve is going to enter that danger zone at 100mph.

120 miles an hour actually! We are really good at throwing due to

evolution. We can twist in the middle. Other apes cannot do that.

All that stuff which has made us good at throwing, makes us really

good at tennis. We are going to turn up the pace. We have the music and

everything. We have taken off the strings of the racquet and replaced

it with a butterfly net. Come on! Come on! Absolutely marvellous. That

hurt! Let's have a -- let's see how you did in slow motion. You have got

a bit pedigree. You are a table tennis champion. It is different

playing ping-pong. I am exhausted. Now, have you ever spotted

an animal in the garden and wished Well, that's not a problem

for this next man. He's called Dave Colley

and he's a one-man Springwatch. It in the heart of Cheshire is a

rather well watched island where woodland and seclusion are paradise

for wildlife. The island has a whole raft of cameras hidden in the

undergrowth and this wildlife Big Brother has been capturing all sorts

of amazing behaviour that has never been filmed before. Dave Colley

lives on the island and his hobby for watching wildlife has taken over

his life. In the last 11 years, he has laid over a mile of cable to

watch the resident wildlife round-the-clock. It all started with

a passion. No walks. A friend of mine had a camera. I told him about

the sparrowhawks. I put the camera on the nest and exploded online.

Dave rewrote the book on their biology when he filmed the first

known case of males helping to incubate the eggs. He has since

clogged up over -- clocked up over 18 hours of footage. This has led to

an interesting more birds and more cameras. There are 16 in all. I can

see magpies, blue tips, great tips. But there are no sparrowhawks. A

pair of tawny house evicted the sparrowhawks and took over the nest

site. You can see the result here, a couple of tawny owl chicks. How long

before they leave the nest? About another three weeks. What are my

chances later this evening of seeing the adults this evening? We have a

very good chance. Spring is very busy. There is one elusive animal

that date has not seen since the recent flood. It is time to check

the footage as we have lent him a camera. Let's see what we have got.

Oh, my word! It is an eel and an otter. Where is this? A few hundred

metres around the corner. That is a big eel. The first image to capture

it and that is what I have. This is the first Tom I have seen them for

14 months. It is fantastic to know they are still about. As daylight

starts to wane, our thoughts turn back to the tawny owls. Dave has

built an impressive 2-storey structure as they hide in his

garden. We go inside to see the owl family. This is the live feed of the

tawny owl chicks. We are hoping to see one of the adults flying in with

food. Now it is just a question of waiting. Tawny owls are really prone

to disturbances. It is vital we do not make any noise whatsoever or

have any lights in the hide, which is why we are filming now in

infrared. It is a long, cold weight but finally catch a glimpse of an

adult going into a nest box. Suddenly, out of nowhere, this is

the female. It is the female who will stay in the nest site and feed

the chicks. If that were a male, he would drop the food off and then go.

It is interesting that she is still feeding them. That will continue to

four months old. I think I have just seen one of the chicks eat a foot.

That must be a bird. Dave has seen the parents bring back mice, slugs

and even frogs. Thanks to this astonishing commitment to the birds

we are seeing a whole different side to their secrets of life. The moment

they emerge blinking out of the nest for the first time, I get a feeling

he will be filming it. As you predicted, Mike, Dave was

there to film the chicks emerging. he could teach a bit about

dedication. We have some lovely footage. They pop out of the whole.

Here is one hidden away. The down will disappear. They are looked

after for a good three months afterwards. The first primaries are

starting to come through. In comes the adults. It is worth bearing in

mind they cannot fly. Quite often they fall on the ground. They can be

like a parrot on bars. If you see a tawny owl on the floor, please leave

it alone. They will come back and it will be fine. We have this picture,

the black winged stilts. We have seen it twice this year reading in

Kent. It is like a boat on lakes. It is a Mediterranean bird. It is very

dry in the Mediterranean at the moment. Everyone is delighted. It is

great to have a new breeding bird in Britain.

We must leave it there, Mike, because Alice has just been handed

the results of the Longitude Prize vote.

We should stress that nobody knows what is in that envelope. We are

about to open it. Alice, please do the honours. Thank you very much.

The moment has come. The challenge which has won the ?10 million

science prize is antibiotics. APPLAUSE

Did you expect that? I was sensing a bit of surprise in your voice. There

were some amazing challenges in there but this is such an important

challenge which is facing us at the moment. Absolutely. What happens

from here? The longitude committee will reconvene and tighten up

exactly what this challenge will be. They know it will be something about

how we tackle antibiotic existence but it could be a new way of

diagnosing it could be a new way of diagnosing a something like that.

They will narrow down what the challenge actually is so that we

will know when there is a winner, when somebody has solved it. Brian

Cox has said, I hope it is a man in a shed who has the solution. If a

viewer does have the answer, how can they submit the solution? Simon if

they go to the website, they can register their interest already. --

if they go to the website. It is open to anybody. It could be

somebody who comes up with a bright idea. We have just had a medical

student coming up with a real breakthrough in cystic fibrosis. It

could be anybody. There we are. It has happened. Wonderful!

Antibiotics, just to reiterate. Thank you to Mike for all your

efforts this evening. And to Ross Kemp as well. Ross 's book is out

now. We're off tomorrow but back

on Friday when we're coming live from Glastonbury, which could be in

my A-Z of Hell if the rain comes.