Episode 25 University Challenge

APPLAUSE

Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.

Hello. Tonight, we begin

the infernal cancan of the quarterfinals.

The 130 or so teams who apply to compete in this contest were

whittled down to 28 who actually appeared on screen,

and, after two rounds of competition,

only the best eight of those remain.

Now, to get to the semifinal stage,

the rules demand that a team must win two quarterfinal matches,

so a team winning two matches goes straight through,

a team that loses two matches goes straight home

and a team that wins one match but loses another must play again

and win in order to stay in the competition.

And from now on, the questions also get a little harder.

Now, in their first-round match,

Wolfson College, Cambridge beat the School of Oriental and African

Studies on a tie-break question and a final score of 185 to 175.

Their second-round match was a Cambridge derby against

Jesus College, which they won by a wider margin - 225 points to 140.

Let's meet the Wolfson team for the third time.

Hi. My name is Justin Yang, I'm from Vancouver, Canada and I'm

studying for a PhD in public health and primary care.

Hi. I'm Ben Chaudhri, I'm from near Cockermouth in Cumbria and

I'm studying natural sciences.

-And this is their captain.

-Hi. My name is Eric Monkman,

I'm from Oakville, Canada,

and I'm studying for an MPhil in economics.

Hi. I'm Paul Cosgrove from Cookstown in Northern Ireland,

and I'm studying for a master's in nuclear energy.

APPLAUSE

The team from Balliol College, Oxford, arrived here by

steam-rollering Imperial College, London,

by 220 points to 55 in round one

and by beating Robinson College, Cambridge with another

convincing margin - 210 to 90 points - in round two.

Let's meet the Balliol team again.

Hi. I'm Freddy Potts, I'm from Newcastle and I'm reading history.

Hello. I'm Jacob Lloyd, I'm from London

and I'm reading for a DPhil in English.

-And this is their captain.

-Hi. I'm Joey Goldman, I'm from London

and I'm reading philosophy and theology.

Hi. I'm Ben Pope, I'm from Sydney

and I'm doing a DPhil in astrophysics.

APPLAUSE

OK, you all know the rules, so let's get on with it.

Fingers on the buzzers. Here's your first starter for ten.

"It is not a turning loose of emotion but an escape from emotion.

"It is not the expression of personality..."

John Keats.

No. You lose five points. "..but an escape from personality."

Those words from TS Eliot's The Sacred Wood describe

what form of literature?

Poetry?

Correct. APPLAUSE

You get a set of bonuses on boys' names, Wolfson.

The surname of the Elizabethan author of the sonnet sequence

Astrophil And Stella, what given name did Charles Dickens popularise

by using it for one of the principal characters in A Tale Of Two Cities?

-Sidney?

-Sidney.

Sidney.

Correct.

Which name grew in popularity as a given name in recognition of

the admiral who led the victorious British fleet

at the Battle of the Saintes in the West Indies in 1782?

-Nelson?

-Yeah, Nelson?

-Nelson or Horatio.

-Nelson.

Nelson?

No, it was Rodney.

And finally, which given name is believed to have come into

fashion in recognition of the military leader who became

Baron of Plassey in 1762?

-Clive?

-Don't know.

Clive?

Correct, yes. Ten points for this. APPLAUSE

Which decade saw the birth in Northampton of Anne Bradstreet,

who became one of the first women settlers to write poetry in

the American colonies?

The same decade also saw the death of Shakespeare

and the publication of the King James Bible.

16...00s.

No. I'm afraid you lose five points.

1610s.

Correct. APPLAUSE

Right, Balliol College, your bonuses this time are on a shared term.

Coined in 1930 for an indefinable element that sets something

or someone apart, what term is also a colloquial expression referring

to those aspects of military life that have no civilian equivalent?

Something that sets someone apart...

-Corps d'esprit?

-Esprit de corps.

Esprit de corps?

No, it's X factor.

What letter precedes "factor" when meaning

a measure of the quality of performance of

a resonant system, indicating its ability to produce

a large output at the resonant frequency?

Q.

Correct.

What letter precedes "factor" in the quantity used in the calculation of

the ratio of the angular momentum of a subatomic particle to its

magnetic moment in the presence of spin-orbit coupling?

-I'm not sure.

-Should we go J?

We'll go for the J factor.

No, it's G. Ten points for this.

Give two terms as soon as your name is called.

When describing points on an orbit around a celestial body, the

terms "perihelion" and "aphelion" are used when the body is the sun.

What two terms are used when the body is the...?

Periapsis and apoapsis.

No. I'm afraid you lose five points. ..when the body is the earth?

Perigee and apogee.

Correct. Here are your bonuses. APPLAUSE

They're on artistic depictions of hell.

What modern name is given to the triptych by Hieronymus Bosch

depicting the Garden of Eden,

scenes of orgiastic fantasy and the torment of the damned in hell?

It's Garden Of Earthly Delights.

Garden Of Earthly Delights?

Correct. Inspired by Dante, which French sculptor created

The Gates Of Hell,

a monumental work he failed to complete before his death in 1917?

-It is Rodin.

-It is.

Rodin.

Correct.

Which French printmaker's works include wood-engraved

illustrations for an 1861 edition of Dante's Inferno?

Dore. Was that Dore? Dore.

Correct. APPLAUSE

Ten points for this.

A quasi-Latinism based on the Latin for "when"

and an Anglicisation of the French for "what shall I say of it?" are

suggestions for the derivation of what word,

meaning "a perplexing situation or dilemma"?

Quandary.

Quandary is correct, yes. APPLAUSE

Your bonuses this time, Wolfson, are on geography.

In each case, name the parallel of latitude that passes through

or close to the following locations. All three parallels end with a zero.

Firstly, Houston, Texas, Cairo, Egypt,

Multan in Pakistan and Lhasa in Tibet.

-Is it 30?

-30 or 40.

-I would say 30.

-30?

-North or south?

-Degrees north.

Correct, yes.

Secondly, the Great Sandy Desert, the Great Barrier Reef,

the Atacama Desert and the northern part of the Namib Desert.

-10 degrees south?

-Do you think it's further than that?

-I don't know.

20 or 10?

-20?

-20?

20 south?

Correct.

And finally, Guadalajara in Mexico, Santiago de Cuba,

Puri in eastern India and Chiang Rai in Thailand.

-10 north, maybe?

-Are you sure?

-No, I think it's 10 north.

-OK.

10 north?

No, it's 20 degrees north.

We're going to take a picture round. For your picture starter,

you'll see a map of Europe.

For ten points, I simply want you to identify

the major city that's marked on it.

Geneva?

Nope.

Basel.

Basel is correct, yes. APPLAUSE

Basel's position on the River Rhine, as you know, makes it the

so-called "Port of Switzerland", the country's only cargo port.

For your picture bonuses, you're going to see the locations

of three more inland commercial ports.

Five points for each city you can identify. Firstly for five...

-That's Belgium, isn't it?

-Yeah, that's Belgium.

-OK.

Inland ports? Liege?

Liege?

Liege is correct.

Secondly, this city, the world's largest inland port.

That's Lubeck.

That's on the coast.

Hamburg? Dortmund...

Hannover, Stuttgart...

Hannover.

No, it's Duisburg. And finally...

Seville.

Seville.

Correct. Ten points for this. APPLAUSE

The Meursault Investigation

by the Algerian author Kamel Daoud

won the Goncourt First Novel Prize in 2015.

It imagines the story of the murder victim on the beach...

The Stranger by Albert Camus.

Correct. APPLAUSE

Right, your bonuses this time are on the film director

Jane Campion, Balliol.

Jane Campion won an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay

for which 1993 film, set mainly in New Zealand?

Could be Heavenly Creatures.

Heavenly Creatures.

No, it was The Piano.

Starring Nicole Kidman as Isabel Archer, which 1996 film, directed

by Campion, is an adaptation of a novel by Henry James?

The Portrait Of A Lady.

Correct. The romance between John Keats and Fanny Brawne

is the subject of which 2009 film directed by Campion?

Bright Star.

Correct. Ten points for this. APPLAUSE

Name two of the three domains in the classification of living

things proposed in 19...

Archea and...eukaryote.

Very good. Well done, yes. APPLAUSE

..proposed by the US microbiologist Carl Woese, based on RNA analysis.

So you get the set of bonuses.

They are on Europe in the early 11th century, Wolfson.

The Byzantine emperor Basil II is noted for his conquest of

which Balkan empire?

It shares its name with a present- day country of south-eastern Europe.

Is it the Croatian Empire?

-Croatian?

-Or Transylvania.

-Transylvania's not a country.

I'd say maybe Croatia, maybe.

Croatia.

Bulgaria.

Secondly, in the early 11th century, Sancho the Great established

hegemony over most of Christian Spain. Which kingdom did he rule?

It shares its name with the present-day capital of Navarre.

-Navarre? Erm... Aragon.

-Yeah?

Aragon.

No, it's Pamplona.

Along with Malcolm of Scotland, Owen the Bald defeated the English

at Carham in 1016. Which kingdom did he rule?

Its name refers to a Scottish river.

-The...Clyde?

-Clyde?

-Clyde?

Clyde?

No, it's Strathclyde.

Ten points for this.

The name of what generic type of songbird results if the past

tense of the verb "do" is pronounced with its consonants unvoiced?

Tit.

Tit is correct, yes. APPLAUSE

You get a set of bonuses on the collection of the Museum of

Modern Art in New York, Balliol.

Man With A Guitar and Landscape At La Ciotat

are early-20th-century works by which French artist?

-Could be Monet.

-Cezanne?

-Cezanne sounds better to me.

Cezanne.

No, they're by Braque.

The Dream and The Sleeping Gypsy are works by which French artist,

born in 1844?

Henri Rousseau.

Correct.

The Dance and Landscape At Collioure are works by which artist,

who died at Nice in 1954?

Matisse.

Correct. Ten points for this. APPLAUSE

In which novel of 1903

does the widowed Mrs Newsome hear

troubling rumours of her son Chadwick's love...?

The Age Of Innocence?

No. You lose five points.

..her son Chadwick's love life in Paris and sends her fiance,

Lambert Strether, to persuade him to return to America?

It shares its title with a double portrait

by Hans Holbein the Younger.

The Ambassadors?

Correct. APPLAUSE

These bonuses, Wolfson, are on medicine.

What is the six-letter medical term for

a network of nerves or blood vessels?

-Ganglia?

-Erm...

-Six letters?

-Bundle?

-Bundle, yeah.

Bundle?

No, it's plexus.

Secondly, what name is given to the plexus of nerves that runs

from the spine through the axillas? It innervates the arms and hands.

Solar?

Solar?

No, it's the brachial plexus.

Located in the ventricles of the brain,

which plexuses of blood vessels secrete cerebrospinal fluid?

Is it, like, the interior plexus?

-Ulterior?

-Yeah, go for it.

Ulterior plexus?

No, they're choroid plexuses.

Right, we're going to take a music round now.

For your music starter, you'll hear a piece of classical music.

Ten points if you can identify the Austrian composer.

MUSIC PLAYS

# ..Kummerling... #

Schubert?

Schubert is right. His Prometheus. APPLAUSE

That was one of many musical settings of poems by Goethe.

Your music bonuses are three more classical pieces inspired by Goethe.

In each case, for the five points, I want you to identify the composer.

Firstly for five, this German composer.

MUSIC PLAYS

Beethoven?

Beethoven?

No, that was Mendelssohn,

inspired by Goethe's poem Calm Sea And Prosperous Voyage.

Secondly, the French composer of this opera.

MUSIC PLAYS

I would say Bizet.

Who knows? Is it, er... Goethe was Faust, right? So Gounod?

Gounod?

No, it's Massenet,

his Werther from Goethe's The Sorrows Of Young Werther.

And finally, another French composer.

MUSIC PLAYS

This is, erm... The Sorcerer's Apprentice,

which is by whom? It's by, er...

Saint-Saens?

-Canet or something. I don't know.

-Go for that.

Canet.

No, it was Dukas. You did get the right piece, though,

it was The Sorcerer's Apprentice.

Right, ten points for this. "An extraordinary affair.

"I gave them their orders, and they wanted to stay and discuss them."

Who said that after his first...?

George Orwell?

No. You lose five points.

Who said that after his first Cabinet meeting as Prime Minister?

His time in office saw Catholic emancipation in 1829.

The Duke of Wellington?

Correct. APPLAUSE

Wolfson, these bonuses are on sorrow in Shakespeare.

In each case, name the stage work in which the following appear.

"Give sorrow words; the grief that does not speak

"Whispers the o'er-fraught heart, and bids it break."

Is that Ophelia?

The character who says it, or the work?

-We have to say the play...

-Hamlet, maybe?

Hamlet?

No, it's Malcolm in Macbeth.

I'm just looking for the name of the work.

"This grief is crown'd with consolation.

"Your old smock brings forth a new petticoat:

"and, indeed, the tears live in an onion

"that should water this sorrow."

-Richard II, maybe?

-I was going to say King Lear.

OK, we'll say King Lear, then.

King Lear?

No, it's Antony And Cleopatra. Enobarbus.

And finally, "A countenance more in sorrow than in anger."

-Is that Hamlet?

-Maybe Hamlet.

Hamlet?

It is Hamlet. Horatio's description of the ghost.

APPLAUSE Right, ten points for this.

"A perennial gale

"of creative destruction..."

Schumpeter?

No. You lose five points.

You get the rest of it, Balliol.

"A perennial gale of creative destruction" - these words by the

Austrian economist Joseph Schumpeter refer to what broad economic system?

Capitalism.

Correct. APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on a shared surname, Balliol.

Taking On The World, Race Against Time and Full Circle are accounts

by which record-breaking English sailor of her voyages and races?

-Ellen MacArthur?

-Yeah.

MacArthur.

Ellen MacArthur is correct.

Widely used to extract gold from ores,

the MacArthur-Forrest process uses which extremely poisonous

compound, after which it's more commonly named?

-Mercury something?

-Cyanide?

-Cyanide.

-Correct.

From 1945, the US general Douglas MacArthur headed the Allied

occupation administration of which country, introducing...?

Japan.

That's correct. Ten points for this. APPLAUSE

What short word links a heraldic beast with horns and tusks,

an Ivy League university and the inventor of the compact

cylinder pin-tumbler lock?

Yale?

Yale is right. APPLAUSE

Get these bonuses, you'll take the lead. They're on civil wars.

Firstly, in which Mediterranean country did US-backed

government forces defeat communist insurgents in 1949?

Greece.

The war had begun shortly after the Axis occupation ended in 1944.

Greece.

Correct.

La Violencia is the name given to the years of civil war in

which South American country,

sparked by the assassination of the liberal leader Gaitan in 1948?

That's a very Colombian name.

Colombia.

Correct.

In which African country did civil war break out in 1967,

shortly after the secession of the eastern region states under

the name of the Republic of Biafra?

Nigeria.

Correct. APPLAUSE

Ten points for this.

Dating to the early 20th century,

the Aarne-Thompson system classifies what general category of narrative?

The Austrian-born psychologist Bruno Bettel...

Myths?

No, I don't think so.

The Austrian-born psychologist Bruno Bettelheim explored its

meaning and significance in the 1976 work The Uses of Enchantment.

Fairy tales.

Fairy tales or folk tales is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

And you've lost five points, of course, Balliol.

So you're no longer in the lead.

OK, Wolfson, football in the 19th century for your bonuses.

The Football League was formed in 1888 with 12 clubs.

Which Lancashire club were champions in the first two seasons?

-I don't know this.

-Burnley?

I don't even know the geography.

I don't know.

-Burnley? I don't know.

-OK.

Nominate Chaudhri.

Burnley?

No, it's Preston North End.

Secondly, during the Football League's first decade,

two clubs won the championship three times. Name either one.

In the 2015/2016 season, both played in the Premier League.

-No idea.

-Newcastle and...

Arsenal?

-Nominate Cosgrove.

-Are you serious?

Newcastle and Arsenal?

No, it was Sunderland and Aston Villa. I only needed one of them.

-Oh!

-But you didn't get either.

In 1893, Small Heath became the first champions of the

Second Division. By what name is the club now known?

It doesn't...

I don't know.

Pick a random club.

Arsenal.

No, it's Birmingham City.

We're going to take a second picture round.

For your picture starter, you're going to see a painting.

Ten points if you can identify the artist.

Er, Turner?

No.

Caspar David Friedrich.

Correct. APPLAUSE

That painting uses the compositional device of the Ruckenfigur,

a foregrounded figure seen from behind contemplating

the view in front of them.

Your picture bonuses are three more works that use that device.

In each case, I simply want you to identify the artist.

Firstly for five...

Munch.

That is Edvard Munch, Young Girl On A Jetty.

Secondly, this Italian artist.

Boccioni, maybe?

Boccioni?

Correct. And finally...

Magritte.

Correct. APPLAUSE

Right, you've retaken the lead.

So, we get another starter question now. Fingers on the buzzers.

In the human genetic code,

how many distinct codon combinations is it possible to form,

each one consisting of a triplet of the four nucleotide bases?

24.

Anyone like to buzz from Wolfson?

61.

No, it's 64.

Ten points for this.

What name denotes the form of theatre influenced by symbolism

and surrealism that was developed in the 1930s by the French dramatist,

poet and actor Anton...?

Absurd.

No. You lose five points.

..dramatist, poet and actor Antonin Artaud?

Theatre of the Absurd?

No, it's Theatre of Cruelty. Ten points for this.

Which of Snow White's seven dwarfs is known in Latin as Sternuens,

in Spanish as Mucoso

and in French as Atchoum?

Sneezy?

Yes! APPLAUSE

You could retake the lead if you get these bonuses, Wolfson.

They're on inorganic chemistry.

Which non-metal has more allotropic forms than any other element?

-Probably carbon.

-Sulphur.

-Carbon.

-I would say sulphur.

-Sulphur?

-Or phosphorus.

-Well, chemists, tell me. What do you want?

-Go sulphur.

-OK, sulphur.

Sulphur?

Sulphur is correct.

What precise term is given to salts that contain the S2O32 minus ion?

-Sulphite?

-It's a di-, it's two sulphurs, though.

Disulphite?

-Two sulphurs.

-OK.

Nominate Cosgrove. Er, nominate Chaudhri.

Disulphite?

No, they're thiosulphates.

And finally, in photographic processing, sodium thiosulphate

is used to remove unreduced silver from negatives and prints.

What is that process called?

It's reducing... I don't know. Finishing?

-It might be reducing.

-Is it the iodine process?

-I don't think it involves iodine.

-I would say finishing.

Finishing?

No, fixing. Three minutes to go.

Another starter question.

In which book of the New Testament do these words appear?

"He maketh his sun to rise on the evil and on the good

"and sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust."

Revelation?

No. Anyone want to buzz from Balliol?

Romans.

No, it's Matthew. Ten points for this.

Born in Vienna in 1900, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for

Physics in 1945 for his discovery of the exclusion principle?

Wolfgang Pauli.

Correct. APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on Unesco World Heritage Sites in China.

In which province are both the temple and cemetery of

Confucius and Mount Tai,

one of the five sacred mountains in traditional China?

-I think that's, like...

-Zhejiang?

-Zhejiang? I think it's, like, Henan or something.

-I have no idea.

Henan?

No, it's Shandong.

In which autonomous region, secondly,

is the site of Xanadu, the summer capital of Kublai Khan from 1274?

-Is it Tibet?

-Shanghai or something?

-Name an autonomous region.

-Oh, a Mongolian autonomous region?

-Inner Mongolia?

-Yeah...

Inner Mongolia?

Correct.

In which province are the giant-panda sanctuaries

and the giant Buddha of Leshan?

Sichuan.

Correct. Ten points for this. APPLAUSE

"I do not want people to be very agreeable,

"as it saves me the trouble of liking them a great deal."

Which author wrote those words in a letter of December 1798 to

her sister Cassandra?

Austen?

Jane Austen is right. APPLAUSE

Your bonuses this time, Wolfson, are on insects.

Insects such as mayflies and grasshoppers differ from beetles

and ants in that their metamorphosis does not include which stage?

Larva? Do they not have larvae?

-They have nymphs.

-Do they have pupae?

-I don't think they have larvae.

-No larvae. OK.

-Come on.

-Larvae?

No, it's the pupal stage.

From the Latin meaning "form" or "likeness",

what general term is used to indicate

a stage in the development of an insect between two moults?

An example is the nymph or larval stage.

-Instar, I think.

-OK. Nominate Chaudhri.

Instar?

Correct.

What term is commonly applied to the nymph stage in aquatic

species such as dragonflies?

It's also used for a water nymph in Greek mythology.

Is it hydra?

-Naiad?

-Yeah, I think that's it.

Nominate Yang.

Er, naiad?

Naiad is correct. APPLAUSE

Ten points for this starter question.

Written while its author was studying in London,

the 1938 anthropological work Facing Mount Kenya...

Jomo Kenyatta.

Correct. APPLAUSE

You get a set of bonuses this time on place names, Balliol.

Which republic consists of half of one of the Lesser Sunda

Islands and has a name that literally means "east east"?

Timor-Leste. East Timor.

Correct. Which country is sometimes said to derive its name from

a word meaning "west"?

It formally became a republic on Easter Monday in 1949.

Kiribas.

No, it's Ireland or Eire.

The Arabic name of which North African country...?

GONG And at the gong...

APPLAUSE ..Balliol College, Oxford have 135,

but Wolfson College, Cambridge have 165.

So you're going to have to come back and win twice now to go through,

Balliol, but, you know, you're a pretty strong team and you

were in the lead for much of that match.

Wolfson, many congratulations.

Imagine knowing Sneezy! How terribly useful!

I hope you can join us next time for another quarterfinal match.

But until then, it is goodbye from Balliol College, Oxford...

-ALL:

-Goodbye.

..from Wolfson College, Cambridge...

-ALL:

-Goodbye.

..and it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.

APPLAUSE