02/02/2012 The One Show


02/02/2012

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Hello and welcome to the The One Show with Matt Baker. And Alex

:00:21.:00:25.

Jones. With us tonight is a man who has

:00:25.:00:30.

politicians quirking and Mastermind contestants panicking.

:00:30.:00:36.

He started so I will finish. It is John Humphrys. Welcome to the show.

:00:36.:00:40.

I thought something had gone wrong there. You know the difference

:00:41.:00:46.

between asking Masterminded people questions and politician, on

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Mastermind they want to answer the questions.

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You have got Chris Moyles shaking in his his boots this morning.

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I am glad you mentioned that because I wasn't going to bring it

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Only 700,000 listeners behind. It is the most we have ever had for

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the Today Programme. Are you going to overtake Chris

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Moyles? What's your plan? destroy him. To have him wimpering.

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He nearly didn't go on this morning because he was so intimidated!

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Not! Do you think this outfit will help overtake Chris Moyles?

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LAUGHTER What's this about John? What are

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you going in a leopard print outfit? That's a good question. I

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was being nice to one of our newsreaders and she said, "I'm

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getting everybody to wear it. Do you mind doing it? ." I said I

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would put it on as a special favour and the next day I opened the paper

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and - the moral is never do a friend a favour!

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But they are cosy! John, later on we will be talking about your other

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day job which is Mastermind. Six months ago thousands of

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Southern Cross home residents were left with an uncertain future when

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the care home collapsed. Justin Rowlatt has been to meet the woman

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helping to run 241 care homes to see if she learnt from Southern

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Cross's mistakes. Elderly residents found on the

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floor covered in bruises. One woman said "please take us

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home.". Residents left for hours in soiled clothes.

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The level of care that was given from practically the the time my

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father went into that nursing home was sub-standard.

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With stories of neglect like this and financial problems, last year

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it became obvious that Britain's biggest care home provider Southern

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Cross was in dire difficulty. Southern Cross the troubled firm

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which runs 750 residential care homes is to close.

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When it finally announced its closure last July, the 31,000

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elderly residents who lived its homes were left facing an uncertain

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future. Southern Cross's homes have been

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transferred to other operators. 241 have gone to HC1.

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At a time when the industry's reputation has taken a battering,

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can public sector champion and the Government's former learning

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disability tsar help turn around the image of private care in her

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new role at HC1? How can you persuade me that homes that

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delivered such poor care really very recently are good enough for

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me to want to put my mum or my dad in there? To be fair, we have

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inherited a spectrum of homes and we have spent the last three months

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getting to know which are the ones that need special attention. The

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ones that the programme exposed under Southern Cross.

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In our original report last year, we featured the case of Avis who

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was placed in a Southern Cross care home in Durham by her son, Brian.

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Within a month Avis sustained a number of suspicious injuries which

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Brian believes could have been avoided if properly trained staff

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were on duty. One of the problems was a shortage

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of staff. I asked the manager how many there were up there. She said

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there was 18 and I said, "Well, only two staff to look after 18."

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The answer I got was, "Well, we are short of staff." I wished I had

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never ever sent her there. Although HC1 hasn't taken over the

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Southern Cross home where Avis stayed, there were staffing issues

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in many of its homes. It is a problem the new company says it

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will address. How can you effect change if you

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have got the same people who were running this failing business

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before? We have had brought in additional staff to strengthen

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quality assurance, turn around teams, the in-house inspection

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service to those are a mixture of existing staff and new appointments

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and we are appointing a significant number of new home managers for

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these homes. The stories of neglect started to

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surface some local authorities became unwilling to place residents

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in Southern Cross homes. HC1 says it is going to spend money to boost

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standards. We are investing �30 million into

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the homes directly into training and development, into the structure

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of the buildings, into equipment, all those things.

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I mean which all sounds wonderful, but Southern Cross cut costs and

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failed. You are saying you are going to increase costs and that's

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an a viable model tor a sustainable business, how does that work?

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works because homes have to deliver high quality care that people

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choose, that families tell each other, that my mum is really being

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looked after there and if that happens, then homes are full.

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Despite the assurances, some believe that without better and

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tighter regulation, residents in private care homes will always be

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vulnerable to companies who have to make money.

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The private companies are making a profit on the back of of elderly

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care and that's always been our issue.

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It would be much better if there wasn't private care homes that it

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was under local authority control and the public were running them.

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Because the public sector can't provide care for everyone who needs

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it, for the foreseeable future, many of us will have no choice but

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to rely on companies like HC1 to look after us or our elderly

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relatives. The really important thing, whoever

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delivers care, is that it is the best quality. Justin is here. The

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down fall of Southern Cross meant that it caused stress and heartache

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to lots of people. What actions are being taken to make sure this

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doesn't happen again? In the light of what happened at Southern Cross,

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the Government is reviewing the way it regulates the care industry. It

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says it wants to put in place safeguards to ensure this never

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happens again. They are putting together a white paper which will

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be published in the spring, the Public Accounts Committee, the kind

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of Parliamentary Committee that tries to make sure that governments

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don't waste money has been looking at the sector and it raised a

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series of problems. It says it is worried the Government don't have

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enough financial insight, it can't open up the books of the companies

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and find out if there are financial problems such as Southern Cross had.

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They are worried if another company goes bust like Southern Cross, they

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don't have a viable plan in place to deal with the consequences if

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that happens. It is hard to detect. Is there any

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thoughts on how healthy the private care home sectors is at the moment

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There is a lot of bory. Age -- worry. Age Concern said the amount

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of money money being spent on the care of the elderly has gone down

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at a time when the number of elderly is going up. Although the

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Government doesn't have the power to open up the books of private

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companies, but has opened its books. It has shown, it is a company

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called Four Seasons, it is another provider of care in Britain. They

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have �780 million of debt. The One Show have spoken to them and they

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have emphasised their business model is different to that of

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Southern Cross, but there are still problems in the sector. It is

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something to worry about there. John, your dad spent a lot of time

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in care homes because he suffered from dementia. What are your views

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It was a horrible experience and in his case he wanted to die. We

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couldn't care for him any longer and then he went into a private

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home and that was a disaster, he went into a state home and that was

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worse. They didn't know what kind of dementia he had, he ended up in

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a good home, but my concern is when people develop dementia like that,

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they have sane, rational periods and they have periods of dementia

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and in his case, in his sane, rational periods, he wanted to be

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allowed to die. He collapsed in my view, in our view, he should have

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been allowed to die, but they brought him back. For what? He kept

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saying, "I want to die." We have got to take another look at this

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hole question. -- whole question.

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Thank you very much indeed. A change of topic now. I can't end

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the day without a lovely, nice, soak in the bath. Are you a bath or

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shower man? Shower. Justin? I am a bath man.

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I have come up with a lot of good ideas in the bath.

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Well, you are not the only one. Marty Jopson explains how a man

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helped turned the tide of World War II whilst having a soak in the tub.

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The 6th June 1944, deDay when the allies began their assault of

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mainland Europe, it was the beginning of the end of World War

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After the allies had been pushed into the sea at Dunkirk in 19 1940,

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they planned to return to Europe, but key to this was having control

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of a harbour. A problem was the Germans were dug in in all the

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ports along the coast here and they were they were prepared to destroy

:10:58.:11:06.

them in the event of an invasion. In May 1942, Mr Churchill wrote a

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memorandum. A harbour was essential, but if we could not capture one, we

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must build our own. A plan was hatched to build

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temporary floating harbours, codenamed mull better bury --

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Mulberry. They were to allow ships to off load vital supplies and

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troops. But there was a snag, the treacherous conditions of the

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English Channel could make mooring and unloading the ships impossible.

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So before the invasion could happen, a means of protecting those

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floating harbours needed to be invented.

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Several designs were tried, all of which failed. The answer came in

:11:49.:11:59.
:11:59.:12:00.

the spring of 1943 when Robert Locknear lay flu ridden in this

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bath. As he was splashing with one hand, he noticed the water on the

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other side of his his flannel was calm. This was his eureka moment!

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His daughter still lives at her father's house in Haslemere.

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He leapt out of the bath saying, "Eureka, I have got it." He shouted,

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"Get a Lilo, get a cricket bat." We went down to the pond and we

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experimented with her holding a lino. This was the start of what

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was to become the break waters. It would go on to be the floating

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harbour's first line of defence. To understand how the invention worked,

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I'm meeting Thomas at the University of Oxford who is an

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expert in the science of waves and built a model of the break water

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for us in a wave tank. This is a bit different to a lilo then?

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is a load of weight at the bottom. This is similar who what was used

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in the harbours. With this model, we can put the

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invention to the test, but first, we're going to need a boat.

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With the help of my human wave machine, I want to see what happens

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without any protection from the break water.

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Wave on! Blimey, look at them. They are

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getting quite steep. She has gone over.

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Man the lifeboats, oh dear. If we try it on this side.

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Here come the waves again. Now we see your boat where the

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water is calmer and our ship is fine.

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What's going on here? Well, if we look, we can see the waves coming

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in this side and they are coming in and hitting the break water and

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most of the energy is being reflected back out to sea, leaving

:14:12.:14:22.
:14:22.:14:26.

this relatively calm water for These formed the outer protection

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for two mulberry floating harbours. Each were a huge, one Square Mile

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in size. It took one of a larger storms on record to break or one of

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them up. But the other survived and over 10 months landed over half a

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million vehicles, 2.5 million soldiers and 4 million tons of

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supplies. It was a significant factor in the allies's victory in

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World War II and all because of a man claiming about in his bath!

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It all came from the flannel. is brilliant. John, the series

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marks 40 years of Mastermind. Not that you have been there for 40

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years! You have seen lots of contestants sit in the famous chair.

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How do they describe the experience? It must be highly

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intimidating? There are two sorts of contenders. There are those who

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are regulars, they are the quiz. And all people who think let's have

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a go at it. At the beginning, they are terrified, most of them. Almost

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trembling. At the end of it, they think it is great. Even if they do

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badly, they enjoy it. I am amazed by it. It is intimidating. I have

:15:49.:15:54.

sat in the chair. You just have the light and me staring at you. Well

:15:54.:15:59.

actually, not staring at you, I am staring at the questions and I

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never look up at them. Do you read them all beforehand? The s, I

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checked them. What I found fascinating, the creator leant on

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his experience from prisoner of war comes to create this atmosphere,

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the interrogation with the solitary chair, a lighting and a whole lot.

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We don't allow the audience to applaud as they walk out. And the

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opening music. The name of the theme tune is "approaching menace".

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It is crawls. Of all those questions, which question have you

:16:44.:16:52.

most like? There was a very nice one that said, what is the

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inscription on the front door above the letterbox of Number Ten Downing

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Street? You think it will be something profound. What does it

:17:06.:17:13.

say? Very near, go around the back please. You would want it to be

:17:13.:17:19.

mementos, but it is not. Moving away from Mastermind. What about

:17:19.:17:25.

the deftest answer? Which breakfast cereal do you associate with

:17:25.:17:35.
:17:35.:17:36.

prison? Cornflakes? Porridge. But he said she Rio's. We move on to

:17:36.:17:40.

the Today programme. Would you agreed there aren't enough women

:17:40.:17:48.

guests on your show? It depends what you mean by enough. At the

:17:48.:17:57.

moment it is 17%. The Government minister who attacked us for this,,

:17:57.:18:03.

Ed Vaizey, I would like to ask him how many ministers in his

:18:03.:18:07.

department's are women? The answer is zeros. What is the proportion of

:18:07.:18:15.

women MPs, roughly 20%. Cabinet ministers, under 20%. We have got

:18:15.:18:19.

to reflect. We have to talk to people who have something to say

:18:19.:18:24.

who are important, we can hold to account. If most of them happen to

:18:24.:18:30.

be men, overwhelmingly men. But the people who run our big companies

:18:30.:18:35.

are overwhelmingly men, I think there are two chief executives of

:18:35.:18:42.

the FTSE 100 companies. We really do try very hard. Redress the

:18:42.:18:46.

balance and get Alex on in the morning. I was told I had to invite

:18:46.:18:55.

you. You can both sit in the chair together. Mastermind is on Fridays

:18:55.:19:01.

at 8pm on BBC Two, except Wales, when it is on on a Sunday.

:19:01.:19:05.

The legal poaching of wild rhinos for their horns is big business in

:19:05.:19:11.

Africa and Asia. But rhino poaching is a threat in this country. As a

:19:11.:19:16.

Mike Dilger finds out, the poachers could already be here.

:19:16.:19:20.

In the dead of night, two men forced their way through a fire

:19:20.:19:24.

escape and into Ipswich Museum. The raiders were organised and

:19:24.:19:28.

professional, spending less than five minutes in the building before

:19:28.:19:34.

making off with their horns. It wasn't a lavish, gold Egyptian

:19:34.:19:39.

burial masks they were after, they were after something entirely

:19:39.:19:48.

unexpected. One night last July, the rhino horn was stolen by

:19:48.:19:54.

thieves. They took that and the skull of the shelf. The chances of

:19:54.:19:58.

getting back the original are minimal. We have had a replacement

:19:58.:20:08.

built so we can restore some of Rosie's dignity. This is it.

:20:08.:20:14.

quite the real McCoy, and she is an Indian rhinoceros, so she only has

:20:14.:20:21.

one. It is not a bad fit. With rhino horns affecting up to

:20:21.:20:24.

�50,000 per kilogram on the black market, it is almost twice the

:20:24.:20:31.

price of gold. It represents a one of 42 thefts of rhino ones that

:20:31.:20:37.

have blighted its museums and galleries across Europe in 2011.

:20:37.:20:42.

Intelligence suggests the problem could get worse in 2012. This

:20:42.:20:46.

business with rhinoceros horns is an ongoing concern in the UK?

:20:46.:20:51.

Absolutely, we seized two rhino horns last week. They were bound

:20:51.:20:55.

for the Chinese market. Some of these villains have gone to

:20:55.:21:01.

extraordinary lengths? People stealing them are ruthless

:21:01.:21:04.

criminals. People have been physically assaulted. They will go

:21:04.:21:09.

to any lengths they can to get their commodity. A few weeks ago,

:21:09.:21:14.

all 15 British zoos and safari parks were placed on high alert.

:21:15.:21:24.
:21:25.:21:26.

Zoo-keeper Sofia live rhinos could be targeted next. This is that your

:21:26.:21:31.

writer others do. You don't expect it to happen in Essex. How would

:21:31.:21:35.

you go about removing a haunt of such a fantastic beasts? It is not

:21:35.:21:42.

going to give it up easily? One of the methods is a mobilising the

:21:42.:21:47.

animal with drunks. Take a chainsaw to the face of the rhino. It wakes

:21:47.:21:53.

up a few hours later in a terrible state. It is still alive. We cannot

:21:53.:21:57.

consider the thought of it happening. It is the fascinating

:21:58.:22:03.

element, but it is only like our fingernails and hair? There is no

:22:03.:22:06.

value to it, no medicinal properties and no function at all

:22:06.:22:11.

other than what it does for the rhino, which allows it to defend

:22:11.:22:16.

its territory and fight with other rhinos. It is crazy animals are

:22:16.:22:22.

being killed for this. How do you go about protecting a rhino,

:22:22.:22:26.

security wise here? We have installed a high-tech alarm system

:22:26.:22:32.

for this building. Scotland Yard have suggested museums should keep

:22:32.:22:37.

their rhino horns out of use. We cannot do that at a zoo? No, and I

:22:37.:22:42.

don't think we should. We are here to save the species, but educate

:22:42.:22:47.

the public. And one of the ways we are going to fight poaching in

:22:47.:22:52.

Africa is by educating the public and creating up wrath. If we take

:22:52.:22:57.

the rhinos away and people cannot see them, we lose the edge on it.

:22:57.:23:03.

Extraordinary figures, in 200730 miners were killed in South Africa.

:23:03.:23:12.

Last year, 448? It is hideous. This year, and we are at the start in

:23:12.:23:17.

February, 25 have already been killed in South Africa. It seems to

:23:17.:23:23.

come from an internet rumour. There is a Vietnamese official who is

:23:23.:23:33.
:23:33.:23:36.

supposedly having his things secured by poaching. But it seems

:23:36.:23:43.

to be an urban myth. This is made a fingernail and it has no medicinal

:23:43.:23:53.
:23:53.:23:54.

value. Be careful, it is pricey. How much? This has been brought in

:23:54.:23:59.

by the Met's wildlife crime unit. And this way is two kilograms and

:23:59.:24:03.

it is so valuable we have two police officers. They are not

:24:03.:24:10.

allowed to let it out of their side. Current market suggests it is worth

:24:10.:24:19.

about �100,000. And the same amount of gold is worth around �40,000

:24:19.:24:25.

less. The Royal Society for the Protection of animals are funding

:24:25.:24:29.

the wildlife crime unit to keep an officer going. Unveiling his on the

:24:29.:24:39.

website. Recently been ran a piece on how Wednesday got its name. We

:24:39.:24:46.

have had an angry e-mail from Mr Thor, threatening "threatening to

:24:46.:24:52.

smite you with the awesome power of my hammer and mercy do the same".

:24:52.:24:58.

We won't be intimidated by your threats.

:24:58.:25:07.

THUNDERING AND LIGHTNING. Thursday is named after the Norse

:25:07.:25:15.

god, the god of thunder. Who is thought and why is one of our days

:25:16.:25:21.

of the week named after him? Dr Chris Abraham teaches mythology at

:25:21.:25:27.

University College in London. Do we know how Thursday got its name?

:25:27.:25:31.

don't, not really. It is lost in the myths of time. But probably

:25:31.:25:35.

goes back to the Roman period because the Romans named the 4th

:25:35.:25:39.

day of the week after their thunder god, Jupiter. It was imitated by

:25:39.:25:44.

other people around Europe, including the Vikings. How can we

:25:44.:25:50.

be sure thought was the god of thunder? His name derives from the

:25:50.:25:56.

word meaning thunder. He has been connected with thunder. He just

:25:56.:26:00.

wasn't the God of Thunder, was God of all of the weather. He was

:26:00.:26:05.

important? He was important because the weather was so important for

:26:05.:26:10.

the Vikings. A thunderstorm was a threatening thing. It could sink a

:26:10.:26:15.

ship, the lightning could set fire to your house. Why did people

:26:15.:26:20.

believe so much in him as the god of thunder? Because they did not

:26:20.:26:25.

have any other way of explaining the weather. If you think of how

:26:25.:26:29.

dramatic a thunderstorm must appear, if you know nothing about where it

:26:29.:26:38.

comes from. Explains things of what people do not understand. People

:26:38.:26:43.

needed a God to explain something as powerful as a thunderstorm.

:26:43.:26:51.

Today, we turn to science or explanation. What we hear as

:26:51.:26:56.

thunder is the sound waves created by a lightning flash heating the

:26:56.:27:01.

air and causing it to explode outwards. Some people think who

:27:01.:27:04.

think they have been struck by lightning have been blown off their

:27:04.:27:13.

feet by the sound of thunder. To demonstrate, this doctor at

:27:13.:27:18.

Manchester University is going to use a testing laboratories to show

:27:18.:27:22.

us what the sound wave created by a lightning strike does to some

:27:22.:27:27.

candles and a tube of paper. How realistic do you think this

:27:27.:27:32.

experiment will be when you compare it to rely thunder? The energies

:27:32.:27:36.

inside this are quite a large. They are comparable with what you get in

:27:36.:27:43.

nature. Delight in in Channel we will produce is about 10

:27:43.:27:46.

centimetres or so. But in nature we have channels that are kilometres

:27:46.:27:53.

long. To capture the power and understand why the Vikings were so

:27:53.:27:58.

taken by thunder, we are filming with the ace super-fast camera

:27:58.:28:06.

which slows it down. THUNDER.

:28:06.:28:11.

These are candles being blown out by the sound of thunder travelling

:28:11.:28:17.

at around 330 metres per second. If you thought that was impressive,

:28:17.:28:24.

just watch what it does to the Tube of paper. In nature, this huge

:28:24.:28:32.

energy means the sound of thunder can be heard for many miles.

:28:32.:28:37.

Science may help us understand the real origin of thunder, but it has

:28:37.:28:41.

a power that strikes within us. It is no wonder the Vikings chose to

:28:41.:28:48.

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