06/12/2016 The One Show

Hello and welcome to The One Show with Alex Jones...

As Private Eye editor and have I got News Hugh team captain our guest

thrives on big stories. 2016 has been a struggle. He has had to deal

with Brexit. Donald Trump winning the presidential election. A new

Prime Minister. And these. Goodness me. There they are. How has he

managed it? Let's find out, it's Ian Hislop.

Nice to see you again. Rich pickings. Quite a dull year, we hack

to make it up! Your favourite? We had two elections which we got

completely wrong. We got the referendum completely wrong and

Trump completely wrong and everybody in my business should be thinking

probably Jeremy Corbyn for Prime Minister next. We have predicted

nothing right so far and so the only thing to do is laugh, thank

goodness. Before 2016, what was the most remarkable time? Bush- Tony

Blair years. We had a US president then we assumed was rather stupid.

Times have changed hugely! We were worried. George Bush saying

countdown to war and he was counting down, ten, nine, seven, eight, five?

Anyway, we are back to that sort of madness now and next year, we have

President Trump and Prime Minister Theresa May, possibly. I mean, you

know. We might get onto that later. Anything can happen, you don't know.

We will look back at a turbulent year later on.

First, though, a 2016 story that some may feel hasn't got

the attention it deserves - the government's controversial

new powers to gather information about all of us.

Last night, Nick Wallis gave us a glimpse inside the government's

secret communications centre, GCHQ, where all that

Tonight he speaks to a senior man in charge who defends his department's

work. GCHQ, Cheltenham. Inside what they call the Doughnut agents tackle

cyber security and gather intelligence on behalf of the

government. For the past 100 years the spy agency has had to stay ahead

of the game when it comes to secure communications. It is our job to

keep the communications of the Prime Minister and generals secure. This

former analyst has seen a lot of change in his 33 years but says the

techniques of the Enigma machine from World War II still apply. This

is a device designed in 1926. If I press P, it gives me letter Z. Every

time I press a key, it scrambles the letter and then will scramble it a

different way next time I press it. This is the 21st-century equivalent.

What is inside this mobile phone? Fundamentally some ring similar to

what happens on this machine. They are kept secure by putting a device

onto the machine that ensures speeches scrambled so anyone

listening will simply hear white noise. As well as protecting

government and military from hostile surveillance, GCHQ protects us from

things such as terrorism, cyber attacks and child sexual

exploitation. To find out more I will meet one of the big bosses,

giving his first broadcast interview. Kieran Martin is the

director-general of the newest branch, the national cyber security

centre. You cannot talk in detail about them but give as an insight

into the sorts of tasks people might carry out in this building? It could

be locating a phone number of someone plotting a terrorist attack

from abroad, working out a clever way to stop large-scale cyber

attacks, for example people pretending to be HM Revenue and

Customs. We have written code to stop that so instead of many

thousands of e-mails being sent, none of those are being sent. The

new investigatory Powers act gives UK intelligence agencies like GCHQ

the most sweeping surveillance powers in the Western world and

critics say it is a step too far, breaching our right to privacy. One

thing people will want to know more than anything is are you able to

hack into my e-mails and phone Advocate Mike internet browsing

history? GCHQ does not look at everyone's e-mails. We have the

power, when there is a threat, we can use bulk data to focus on that

threat which means authorisation from a senior minister and judge and

that is set out clearly in legislation. Are you a law unto

yourselves with this new law? We absolutely are not. We are governed

by one of the longest and most transparent and strictest

legislation in the world and are subject to the rule of law. Nobody

here is above the law. But classified information leaked by

American whistle-blower Edward Snowden led to claims GCHQ has acted

illegally by collecting massive amounts of data about millions of

people'sonline activity. Has anything changed? The courts found

in all cases and we have had a number of legal challenges, that our

activity is lawful and none of the historical activity was not lawful.

In two cases successive governments have not said enough about the way

we operate it. What they said was we did not say enough about the way the

system operated, that was all they said and we have fixed that through

the publication of codes of conduct and there is other material in the

public domain about what we do and why. What is it like to have the

safety of the nation on your shoulders? I am beating a woman who

manages analysts responsible for foiling terror plots. We cannot show

her face the national security reasons. How stressful is it when

you know we are facing a threat that could put lives at risk? We

understand our jobs are on the front line. There is no escaping the fact

it has consequences. How do you know you are making a difference? It can

feel relentless beat you have moments when an operation goes well

and in hideous act is averted or a worrying cyber attack is defended

against and that is how we know. We know we are making a difference.

International security expert and University of Warwick's Professor

Richard Aldrich his here to explain more about GCHQ capabilities.

Welcome. You have written a lot about the history of GCHQ. You know

more than most what goes on inside. Can you shed more light on how they

gather and analyse this data? GCHQ gathers intelligence by listening

into telephone calls, reading e-mails. It gets a lot of

intelligence from looking at who called who when, who accessed the

internet when, and it can hack into people'scomputer. It can go into the

back of your computer and change things inside the computer. It does

these things and no less important is trying to prevent adverse is

doing the same things to us. I'm sure the techniques are similar but

this new law, what is happening now? What can GCHQ do now they could not

a month ago? The new law is important and I take issue with

Kieran Martin in the film. For 17 years GCHQ was in breach of article

eight and not saying enough about what it was doing which meant if we

had an issue with intelligence collection, it was quite difficult

to seek redress. Is the point it is not a Secret Service? Exactly. It is

secret but telling us enough now about what it is doing to comply

with European legislation. The bill is tough on metadata, so it is quite

easy for the authorities to get at that description of communications.

There are half a million requests for that data. It is quite tough on

encryption. We allowing krypton on phones but GCHQ has to be allowed a

back door. The improvement is that judges now have to sign off on

warrants, which is reassuring. As opposed to just the Home Secretary,

a cabinet minister, say one was extremely rude about, could sign a

warrant to look at my computer. I was very against, you would not be

surprised to hear. With the new law, how does it affect you? Your ability

to do your job? I think it makes journalism and investigative

journalism harder because I do not think there are sufficient

safeguards for journalistic sources. I have issues with the fact they

have put into law what they were exposed as doing for the last 70

years. They are saying, we doing it but it is illegal now. Every step

that hat to be fought to get a judge to say you can target it, than

saying, we will look at everything. We have been busy with Brexit, but

essentially they are saying the fact you have done nothing wrong does not

matter, we are looking at everything from everyone, which is different

from saying we are looking at you and you. This is a new world and as

far as privacy versus security, everybody wants to stay safe. Do you

feel we have the right line at this point? The worrying thing about the

line where we are is it is determined largely by technology and

not by debate in Parliament. The line between liberty and security

will probably determined by a 19-year-old maths undergraduate who

has discovered some widget! That is how it will be determined because

the debate in Parliament, most MPs don't really understand this stuff.

We will have to leave it there. GCHQ have given you a Christmas present,

Ian. This is their new puzzle book. Pit your wits against the people who

cracked It -- cracked Enigma. It is for the charity Heads Together. Pop

it on your desk. Hello. Theresa May? Straight through.

It's inevitable that over Christmas there'll be plenty of films telling

the story of Scrooge, so we thought we'd get

Gyles takes us back in time to meet a very rich man,

This is the story of a real-life Scrooge, a man of inordinate wealth

whose team drove him to become a legendary miser. He was an American.

John Paul Getty. He felt most at home in the land of Dickens. Today I

am taking you on a journey to meet the ghosts of his past, present and

future. That journey begins here, at Sutton Place in Surrey, where we

have been given rare access by the current owner. Getty purchased it in

1959 as headquarters for the Getty oil company. At the time he was the

richest man in the world, having made his first million half a

century earlier in the oilfields of Oklahoma at the age of 24. But the

fires burned low in his day. He became infamous for his

penny-pinching when he insisted visitors and staff use a payphone

when staying under his roof. And that is not all, he stood by and let

his mother-in-law's house be repossessed by the bank will stop

after a life-saving operation for one of his sons, he could hold over

the hospital bills. In 1963, Alan Wicker made a brutally honest

documentary about Getty. Do you find shops expect you to be a big

spender? I hope they don't, they might be disappointed! His

biographer, and investigative journalist, Russell Miller, gathered

eyewitness accounts. At one stage caught in the third son stayed at

Sutton Place and was charged for his room. When his son came to stay at

his father's house, the sun had to pay for bed and breakfast? Correct.

Getty's relationship with his family was fraught and in 1970 31 event

caused a crisis. His grandson Paul Getty was kidnapped with a ransom

demand of $17 million. Getty refused to pay the ransom and in the end the

boy's father was obliged to borrow the money from John Paul at an

agreed rate of interest, 4%, I think it was. With a litany of miserly

meanness, there is only one question to ask, why was he this way? I think

it wanted his sons to join him in the business and the fact they

didn't was a matter of grievous sorrow to him.

There is a twisted to this tale worthy of Dickens himself. Getty,

started to throw Christmas parties for local orphans and donated

millions of dollars to art galleries and museums. His money was used for

good. Even after his own demise, saving this sculpture, the three

Graces from being sold overseas with ?1 million donation, securing its

future in the UK along with Getty's legacy. But why this enormous,

unexplained change. I think it is time I got inside the mind of

someone who has made millions, millions and millions. The one Show

has secured an exclusive interview with Sir Tom Hunter, a billionaire

who made his money in retail and then decided to give it away. Maybe

he has an idea. My dad was a local grocer. He used to say to me, this

community pays all our wages and we take things out of it and we have

got to put things back into it. Getty had everything but joy in his

life, a chain he had forged himself. But it all this money couldn't buy

happiness, what could? The biggest joy we get is when a philanthropic

project works and that is the biggest high I have ever got in my

life. It is great fun. Why would I leave it to someone else when I am

dead to have all this fun, giving your money away. Nobody knows why

Getty changed. PR stunt? Guilt? Maybe, he was visited by a ghost in

the night? What a story. My dad was keen on

installing a payphone when I was younger. Save a bit of cash. I can

imagine why. She never shuts up on the old blower. Ian, it is your 30th

year as editor. Is there nothing else you would rather be doing? Do

you mean, have I ever been offered anything else? The answer is

obviously no. 30 years ago, this country was run by a woman Prime

Minister, a Tory, very little opposition, we had a mad American

president. Things have changed so much! How varied my job is. You have

in change, this is you in your third year. Look at you, there you are.

And the great Peter Cook. How do you think you are better now as an

editor when you were in the 80s? I have seen a lot more happen and that

helps because you don't get surprised and you are less scared.

It's a Moly says, this is the most dangerous thing something is, it

probably isn't. Also you know more and you get an instinct for what

might be funny. Having said that, you know, a lot of events this year

came upon us a bit by surprise. Boris is still funny. He gets quite

a ribbing in the new annual. So he should. He features a great deal

because his views are both ways. Sometimes he is pro-Brexit,

sometimes he is anti-Brexit. Sometimes he is on a bike, sometimes

he is anti-bike. The mind boggles as to how you decide what to put in

here? This was an amazing year, Brexit, Trump, the Olympics in the

middle, Rupert Murdoch got married. Come on, let's be amused. There is

any amount to choose from. I had to really hone it down to essentially

do things that made me laugh. That was one of them. The absolute chaos

in the middle of the year where we had this referendum and we didn't

know who was in charge, everyone resigned. The people behind the

league campaign, lit the fire and ranted. Theresa May, Boris or

Michael Gove. No, they have all gone. That must come with its

pressures as an editor. How low can you go. I have appointed Boris as

Foreign Secretary. You imagine prime ministers as headteachers. You have

a firm idea about the sort of head Theresa May would make? We have this

running joke that the Tory party was a school that was run previously by

a posh Atonio headmaster. Now we have a proper grammar school

headmistress in. She is having no nonsense, you can see by the

investigatory powers. Detention for everyone at all times. She just fell

straight into the role, which was great. So Theresa May is in.

Definitely, this annual is out now? It is out now. We will be quizzing

you in a few minutes to see how good you are with fake news and detecting

whether it is real or not? Fake news? Apparently Trump is president.

That is true. Also we will be asking if children get too many presents at

Christmas. In 2012, The One Show met

the British Para Orchestra, the world's first professional

ensemble of disabled musicians. Now it seems they have

a bit of competition. There are some new kids on the block

and Richard Mainwaring Today, I am at Bristol Cathedral

where 150 people are in last-minute preparations for a performance,

which has at the centre of it, young, disabled musicians. Southwest

youth Orchestra has brought together talented performers. Some play

traditional entrance, but some use state-of-the-art technology. They

have been in rehearsals for six months. This is their director. Has

anything like this been done before? Not in the way that we put young,

disabled musicians at the heart of the music, developing bespoke

instruments with them. Bradley Warrick was one of the earliest

members. He has cerebral palsy so he communicates through gazing

technology and has instruments adapted for his needs. The orchestra

has opened up a new world for him. I have made new friends and enjoy

playing music together. I am happy my talent has been spotted. It has

given me a purpose tonight music. Jackie is Bradley's carer. When I

see him playing, it makes me so emotional, just to see him have the

chance to play in an orchestra. I can see a big change in Bradley, it

has made him much more confident. 12-year-old pianist Ashley is blind

and on the autistic spectrum. Since she was a baby she has been battling

against the odds. Stephen is her father. She was born at 24 weeks and

in hospital for six months. She was a twin, but her twin brother didn't

make it. From 18-month-old, she has been passionate about music, thanks

in part to an incredible gift. She has perfect pitch. She only has to

listen to a piece of music and she can pick out which pieces she can

play on the piano. I am glad you are on that part. She can just learn

those from listening? Yes, within five or ten minutes. Today they are

playing a piece called Silver Rose beside a brass band and choir of

100. Although the rehearsals have gone well, emotions are running

high. I feel very nervous. I am sure Bradley doesn't, he is taking it all

in his stride. Very excited. How will you feel like at the end of

this performance? I will feel proud and relieved. We hope she enjoys it

as well. That is the main thing. The atmosphere is buzzing. I can send a

few nerves, but I have no doubt they will put on a stellar performance.

After six months of rehearsals, the Orchestra are finally ready for

their debut performance. Ashley, how did that feel to

playback, was it great fun? Yes. Well done. Bradley, you were

fantastic, how do you feel? I feel buzzing and out of this world. So

you should. I feel proud Bradley, it was amazing.

The orchestra are looking for new members and we have put the details

on our website. It has been hard to bar to whether

new stories have been fake or real. We have three stories, one is made

up. You need to spot the odd one out. Let's go with the first one.

Jeremy Hunt replaced foreign doctors with the Internet? Or... MC Hammer

is afraid of hammers. Canada's immigration website crashes as Trump

wins election. Which one is fake? I think the middle one is fake? No, MC

Hammer is afraid of hammers. Let's go with the second one. Being

president is a bigger job than I thought says Trump. Local man to

front, don't know referendum campaign. Scottish politicians call

for government action over changes to Toblerone is. Which is fake? That

is right. We are out of time but we had a brilliant third one. I would

have had that one wrong as well. Children's Christmas lists seem

to be getting longer and longer, leading some to suggest

we need a four-gift rule to This would mean they only get

one thing they want, something they need,

one thing to wear, That's up to Santa, of course,

but what do parents think? Have you heard of the four gift

rule? Yes, something to work, something to read, something they

want and something they need. What do you think of it? They don't

appreciate them. It is just another present. Do you just want for

presence or a lot of presence? For presence. If you narrow it down to

just for presence, they might treasure those. It is a good idea. I

have two daughters, seven and ten and Christmas Day is a total frenzy.

For presence would be great. Do we need something like a four gift

rule. As a kid I was very spoiled and got lots of presents. I am from

a big family and I was lucky kid. When you were a kid, what would you

have thought if you only got for presence? I counted 30 71 Christmas.

The whole front room was covered in wrapping paper. It was always

something to build. Christmas Day, and not having built a radio

controlled car for many years, I love that. Is it too many gifts? No,

because it's just December. We should make children give up some of

their toys before they opened the new toys. They don't play with

everything and that Christmas, there are lots of children, donate to the

charity shops, other children get the joy from them and they can play

with the new stuff. A few people here are open to the idea of the

four gift rule, but in the end it only matters what one man thinks.

What would Father Christmas do? A very good point, a lot of our

younger viewers will be hoping Santa doesn't watch the one Show. He

watches everything. Thanks to Ian, the Private Eye

2016 Annual is out now. Tomorrow we'll be here

with Elvis Presley, Johnny Cash, Jerry Lee Lewis and Carl Perkins,

what a great line up, They're joined by Martin

Kemp and Alan Davies. MUSIC: Beyond The Sea

by Bobby Darin