Skyscrapers Nina and the Neurons


Skyscrapers

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# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go

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# Ask Nina for some help Cos she's got a science show

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# She makes sense of her senses While helping all her fans

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# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs

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-# Touch your tongue

-Tongue

-# Fingers

-Fingers

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-# Eyes

-Eyes

-# Ears

-Ears

-# Nose

-Nose

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# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know

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# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know

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# Luke, he helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch

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# Ollie sniffs out smells and scents and Belle, she hears so much

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# Bud is Ollie's brother He helps us with our taste

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# They're Nina's little Neurons and they're coming to your place

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-# Touch your tongue

-Tongue

-# Fingers

-Fingers

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-# Eyes

-Eyes

-# Ears

-Ears

-# Nose

-Nose

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-# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know

-Yeah!

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# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know

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# Oh, yeah! #

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Do-do-do. Oh, hello there. I'm just unpacking my yummy shopping.

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I've got some juicy oranges, some ripe tomatoes

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and some tins of baked beans. Oh, no! Oh, dear!

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I think the heavy tins have squashed my bread. Oh, dear.

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I'm sure it'll still make a lovely sandwich.

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BEEPING

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Oh, I hear a beep, I see a flash, I wonder what they're going to ask.

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-BOTH: Hi, Nina.

-Hi.

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We've got a question for you.

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How do we build skyscrapers so high?

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That's a great question.

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How do we build skyscrapers so high?

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Well, skyscrapers are extremely tall buildings that are built

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right up into the sky, which is how they get their name.

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But how do we build them so high?

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Why don't you come down to my workshop and we'll investigate.

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See you soon, Nina. Bye.

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Bye. Well, I'm going to need some help to answer this one

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and I know just who to ask.

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OK, Neurons, time to get to work.

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MUSIC PLAYS

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Neurons at the ready, Nina.

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OK, today's question is, how do we build skyscrapers so high?

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Which Neuron do you think would be useful in helping us

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find the answer?

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It's Felix and Luke.

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ALL: Go, Felix, go, Luke!

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Go, Felix, go, Luke! Go, Felix, go, Luke!

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Today's question is, how do we build skyscrapers so high?

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Well, by looking, we can see how tall skyscrapers are and by

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touching, we can feel the strong, heavy materials they're made from.

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So, Luke and Felix will be busy today, but stand by, Neurons.

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I've a feeling I may need help from all of you.

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Right, I need to get the workshop

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ready before the experimenters arrive.

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Sophia likes playing with dolls' houses.

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Samuel loves drawing,

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but they both want to know, how do we build skyscrapers so high?

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So, today, for one day only, Sophia and Samuel become the experimenters.

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-Hi, guys.

-BOTH: Hi, Nina.

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Welcome to my workshop and thank you for your great question.

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How do we build skyscrapers so high?

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Well, let's start by having a look at these buildings.

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-What do you notice about them?

-They're tall.

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They're pointy at the top.

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Yes, busy cities have lots of skyscrapers

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because there's not a lot of space on the ground,

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but there's lots of space in the sky to build upwards.

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But just how easy is it to keep building higher and higher?

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Well, let's do an experiment to find out.

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-ALL:

-Whoop-woo, an experiment!

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We're ready, Nina.

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We're going to see how high we can build our very own skyscraper.

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Let's start at the bottom.

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So this is our ground floor, so we need the next floor.

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So, Samuel, would you like to put the next floor on for us? And as you

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can see, there's pillars underneath there that hold up the floor.

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Let go.

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Hey, not bad at all, Samuel. Excellent work.

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OK, Sophia, would you like to bring your floor next? That's good.

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They're doing great. It's certainly getting taller.

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OK, now I'll put my floor on.

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Oh!

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Oh, dear!

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I think we've got a little problem.

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-What's happened to the bottom of our skyscraper?

-It's squashed.

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Yes, the top floors have squashed the bottom floor.

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-Now, why do you think that happened?

-Because the blocks were too heavy.

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Yes, the higher we built our skyscraper,

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the heavier it got on top and the bottom floor got squashed.

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Oh, so the taller a skyscraper is, the heavier it gets?

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That's right, Felix.

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Each floor has to be able to hold the weight of all the floors

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above it.

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Real skyscrapers are made of extremely strong concrete and steel,

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but there is a way to build a skyscraper higher

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without making it heavier.

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I think we need to do an experiment to find out more -

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and let's go somewhere really busy.

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Oh, goody. I love this bit. I wonder where Nina is taking us.

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-Nina said it's somewhere really busy.

-Bees are busy.

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-Maybe we're going to see a beehive.

-Bees? I'm busy like a bee. Buzz!

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I don't hear any bees, but it does sound quite noisy.

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So, here we are, experimenters, in the busy city of London.

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So, your question was, how do we build skyscrapers so high?

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And this magnificent skyscraper that we can see behind us

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is one of the tallest in the world and it's called the Shard.

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Wow, it's so tall, Nina.

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How would you describe the shape of the building?

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-It's very pointy, Nina.

-It's like a big, funny pointy hat.

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Now, let's do an experiment to find out why pointy at the top is

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a good shape for skyscrapers.

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Now, we each have a block of modelling clay

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and we're going to pretend that these are tall skyscrapers.

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I think we should check that they're all the same height,

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-first of all. Are they the same?

-Yes.

-Excellent.

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Now, let's check if they're the same weight.

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We're going to pop these onto the scales you've got

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in front of you. Mine says 500g.

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-What does yours say?

-500g.

-500g.

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500g. Brilliant.

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So we all have skyscrapers that are the same height and weight.

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Now, can you think of a way we could make the skyscrapers

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taller without adding any more clay?

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-Make them pointy.

-Hey, that is a great idea.

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I'll tell you what, I'll keep my skyscraper the same,

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but you guys, try and make your skyscrapers pointy.

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Go for it.

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And, remember, it's just the top we're trying to make pointy.

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Ha-ha, it looks like they're making sausages.

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Skyscraper sausages, Bud?

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Let's get them upright and have a closer look at them.

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Hey, well, they're definitely thin at the top and they are...

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-BOTH: Pointy.

-Yes, they are pointy.

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Now, I think we should check to see if you've made them taller

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-than my skyscraper. Do you think they're taller?

-Yes.

-Yes.

-Fantastic.

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So, by changing their shape to pointy at the top,

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you've made your skyscrapers taller.

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-I wonder if they still weigh the same. What do you think?

-Yes.

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You do? Well, let's see.

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Why don't we put our skyscrapers back onto the scales?

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-OK, well mine still says 500g. Are yours still 500g?

-Yes.

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So they still weigh the same.

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Lots of skyscrapers like the Shard get thinner at the top,

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so they can be taller without adding much weight.

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Now, what do you notice about the walls of the Shard?

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-They're made of glass.

-Yes, they're made of glass.

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Lots of skyscrapers have glass walls, but glass isn't

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as strong as concrete or steel, so how does it hold up all that weight?

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I think we need to have a closer look at the Shard.

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Let's go, experimenters.

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We're inside the Shard looking out. What do you think, experimenters?

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-It's cool.

-It's high.

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Oh, I feel we could touch the sky.

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All this glass gives us a great view, but I wonder, how can

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these glass walls hold up such a tall building?

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-Now, can you tell me what this is?

-It's a pillar, Nina.

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It is a pillar.

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Samuel, can you remember what pillars were for in our very

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-first experiment?

-They held up the floors.

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That's right and here in the Shard, there are lots of pillars

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and there's also a really big pillar over there. Can you see it?

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Do you see that wall?

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That wall is actually a gigantic concrete pillar that goes

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right through the middle of the building and it's called the core.

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Core? Like an apple core? Oh, I love apples.

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It is a bit like an apple core, Bud, because it runs through the middle.

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And the core and the pillars are doing a really important job,

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and our next experiment will help to explain.

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So, for this experiment, you each have your very own

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pretend skyscrapers.

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Now, have a look between the cardboard floors.

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-What can you see?

-Pillars.

-Yes, pillars.

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There are lots of cardboard pillars and you can even see the really

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big pillar going through the middle of the building that all the floors

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are joined to.

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And this is just like the core that we saw in here.

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Now, before we test our skyscrapers, we need to finish them off,

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so, guys, can you pop the roof on for me, please?

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That's it.

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OK, making sure it's nice and level.

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Now, to properly test these skyscrapers,

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I want you guys to stand on them.

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OK, ready for this? Hold my hand and I'll walk you up.

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Hey, look at that.

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Wow, your skyscrapers are holding up your whole weight, just

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like a real skyscraper holds up the weight of all the floors above it.

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-Now, do your skyscrapers have any walls?

-No.

-That's right.

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So, we know that the walls aren't holding up your weight.

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All your weight is being held up by the pillars and the core.

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They spread the weight out across the floors of the building.

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That means that in skyscrapers like this,

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the walls can be built of something that isn't so strong.

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Like beautiful glass.

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Exactly, Luke, just like the glass walls of the Shard.

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So, your question was, how do we build skyscrapers so high?

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And I think we've answered it.

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The higher a skyscraper gets, the heavier it gets.

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By making it pointy, the top floors will be lighter.

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So we can build even higher.

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The strong core is made of concrete and steel.

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The pillars and the core support all the floors, so the walls

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can be made of something that's not as strong, like glass.

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So I hope that's answered your question.

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-BOTH: Thanks, Nina. Bye.

-You're welcome. Bye.

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If you want to know more about the science that's all around us,

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go to the Nina section on the CBeebies website. Have fun.

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# Super structures Super structures

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# Super structures, super structures, super structures

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# Some of them are tall

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# Some of them are wide

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-# They're bumpy, lumpy, wriggly too

-Wriggly too

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# Some of them are strong

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# Some of them are small

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-# Windy, whirly, whooshy too

-All around... #

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Look over here.

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# Build it, stack it, pile it up

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-# Come on, let's get building

-Building, building, building.

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# Raise it, hold it, make it stick

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# Come on, let's get building

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# Come on, let's get building

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# Some of them are cosy warm

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# Some of them are chilly

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-# Keep us safe and hide us too

-Hide us too

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# Some of them are just for fun or help us to stay dry

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# They're underground and high up too

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-Look around.

-Over here.

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# Build it, stack it, pile it up

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-# Come on, let's get building

-Building

-Building

-Building

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# Raise it, hold it, make it stick

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# Come on, let's get building

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# Come on, let's get building. #

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And remember, there are super structures everywhere.

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Whether they're big or small, wide or tall, we can all get building.

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-See you again soon. Bye.

-ALL: Bye.

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