Tall Buildings Nina and the Neurons


Tall Buildings

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# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go

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# Ask Nina for some help Cos she's got a science show

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# She makes sense of her senses While helping all her fans

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# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs

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-# Touch your tongue

-Tongue!

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-# Fingers

-Fingers!

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-# Eyes.

-Eyes!

-Ears.

-Ears!

-Nose.

-Nose!

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# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know

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# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know

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# Luke, he helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch

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# Ollie sniffs out smells And Belle, she hears so much

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# Bud is Ollie's brother He helps us with our taste

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# They're Nina's little Neurons And they're coming to your place!

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-# Touch your tongue

-Tongue!

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-# Fingers

-Fingers!

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-# Eyes.

-Eyes!

-Ears.

-Ears!

-Nose.

-Nose!

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# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know

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# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know

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# Oh, yeah! #

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Whoop! Whoop!

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SHE LAUGHS

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One more.

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Yay! Oh, hello. I've just made my very own plastic-beaker tower.

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Oh!

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I'd better be careful. I don't want to knock them over.

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BEEPING

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I hear a beep, I see a flash, I wonder what they're going to ask.

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-ALL: Hi, Nina.

-Hi, guys.

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We've got a question for you.

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Why don't tall buildings fall over?

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Great question. Why don't tall buildings fall over?

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We see lots of really tall buildings all around us

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but how do they stay up? Come to my workshop and we'll investigate.

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ALL: See you soon, Nina! Bye.

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Bye.

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I'm going to need some help to answer this one,

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and I know just who to ask.

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OK, Neurons, time to get to work.

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ALL: Neurons at the ready, Nina.

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OK. Today's question is,

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Why don't tall buildings fall over?

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Which neuron will be most useful to help find the answer?

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ALL: Me! Me! Me! Oh, me!

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Will it be fabulous Felix?

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I can help so very much if you need the sense of touch.

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Will it be beautiful Belle?

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I send messages to brain from ear. If there's a sound, I'll help you hear.

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Will it be lovely Luke?

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For looking and seeing, day or night,

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I'll help you with your sense of sight.

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Will it be awesome Ollie?

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If it's pongy or whiffy but you can't tell,

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-my messages help your sense of smell.

-Or will it be baby Bud?

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Sour, salty, bitter or sweet, I'm your taste buddy whenever you eat!

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It's Luke!

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CHEERING

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Go, Luke! Go, Luke! Go, Luke! Go, Luke! Go, Luke!

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Go, Luke! Go, Luke!

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Cool, Nina. I'll be looking out to help you.

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Today's question is, why don't tall buildings fall over?

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Because tall buildings are something we can see,

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Luke, our sight neuron, will be helping us.

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But stand by, Neurons, I may need help from all of you.

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I need to get the workshop ready before the Engineers arrive.

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James loves roasting marshmallows.

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Joshua loves karate. Archie loves porridge.

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A lot of cities have really tall buildings.

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I've seen really tall buildings.

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When I build a tall tower with blocks, it falls over.

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So, today, for one day only,

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James, Joshua and Archie become the Engineers!

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-Hi, guys.

-ALL: Hi, Nina.

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Welcome to my workshop. Thanks for your question -

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why don't tall buildings fall over?

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To find out, let's start by using our senses.

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Whoo-whoo! A senses experiment! We're ready, Nina!

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Making tall buildings can be very tricky.

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Why do engineers build them?

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Let's find out.

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Now, this is a long, flat building.

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James, I'd like you to look at it

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and copy the shape of it with your body on this piece of paper.

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Oh!

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Well, that's a good way to make a long, flat shape.

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Just lie down and relax.

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Now, I'd like you to draw round him using these crayons.

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Go for it.

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Excellent work. Up you get, everyone.

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Well done.

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NINA LAUGHS

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Now I'd like you to pretend to be another shape of building,

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but this time a tall, thin building.

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So, James, can you make that shape for me?

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Very good. And can you guys draw around his feet?

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Excellent! Let's look at your drawings.

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Do you see the difference?

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Lying down, James took up a lot more space

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than when he was standing up.

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He hasn't changed size, he's just changed position.

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And it's the same with buildings.

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Long, flat buildings take up a lot of space on the ground,

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whereas tall buildings stand upright and take up far less.

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This is useful in cities where it's very busy

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and there's lots of buildings squeezed into a small space.

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So let's make our own tall buildings. Follow me!

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Let's see how high we can make our building.

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NINA LAUGHS

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Oh! Oh, no!

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NINA LAUGHS

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Joshua...

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CHEERING

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Going, going...

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Oh!

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Our tall buildings have fallen over.

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And if something falls over, it means it isn't balanced.

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So, as our buildings got taller, they were harder to balance.

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And that's the same as real tall buildings.

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They're hard to balance, too.

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-The higher they get, the wobblier they can become.

-Like wobbly jelly!

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Wibble-wobble! Wibble-wobble!

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But we have lots of tall buildings that don't fall down.

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How did engineers work out how to make them balance?

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Let's go and look up at something to find out.

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BELLE: Where do you think we're going today?

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-OLLIE:

-Where can you look up something?

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-FELIX:

-Well, that's easy. We must be going to the library

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to look up something in a book.

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LUKE: We're about to find out. Looks like we're here, everyone!

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This is where we've come to look up!

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LUKE: Whoa! That is a very, very tall building.

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-It's very tall, isn't it?

-ALL: Yes.

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This is Canary Wharf.

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It's one of the tallest buildings in the country.

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ALL: Wow!

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It's the height of 55 double-decker buses all on top of each other.

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ALL: Wow!

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That's right.

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If this building was lying down,

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it would take up lots and lots of space on the ground

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and there wouldn't be room for the other buildings.

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But because it's standing up, it takes up less space on the ground

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and we can still fit lots of offices and homes inside.

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Does it look wobbly, like our buildings?

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ALL: No!

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Well, let's give it a push.

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Everyone, let's push.

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SHE GRUNTS

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ALL GRUNT

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NINA LAUGHS

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No, no wobbles there. So, how do they make buildings less wobbly?

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Let's do a little experiment to find out. Come with me.

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Now, here we have three different-sized rectangular boxes.

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We know from our building-blocks experiment

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the taller the building, the harder it is to keep balanced.

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Which one do you think is

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most likely to fall over?

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The tall blue one.

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Well, let's see.

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Let's pretend to be the wind

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and we'll try and blow them over.

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ALL BLOW

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NINA LAUGHS

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Oh!

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Oh, well done.

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And you were right - this building was much easier to blow over

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because it's tall and thin and more difficult to balance -

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because of something called balance points.

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Balance points? What are balance points, Nina?

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Well, Ollie, I have the perfect way to show you.

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If you guys can take a box each...

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I'd like you to draw a line

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from one corner at the top

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to the opposite corner at the bottom.

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Excellent. Now draw another line between the other corners.

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Well done, guys. They look fantastic.

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Now, have a look over here because...

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these are the balance points.

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They're in the centre of the box, where the lines meet.

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Looking a the lines on these boxes,

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which one has the highest balance point?

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The tall building.

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Yes. Tall buildings have a high balance point

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and short, flat buildings have a low balance point.

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Because our tall building has a higher balance point,

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it's easier to blow over.

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To make a tall building less wobbly, engineers lower the balance point.

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Look at this picture of Canary Wharf.

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Some of the building is below ground,

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so the balance point is lower, too.

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The part of the building below the ground

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is called the foundations.

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Foundations help make a building less wobbly.

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Let's go back to the workshop to find out how.

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Have a look over here, boys.

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Now, the grey bit on this building here will be our foundations.

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The foundations are the bits of a building that go under the ground.

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Let's put this building with the foundations

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into this nice piece of grass here.

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And the foundations fit underneath.

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Oh.

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And let's sit the building without foundations

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just beside it here.

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So they are the same height. The only difference is,

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this one is pushed into the ground.

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So let's see how wobbly they are.

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-Joshua, take a big, deep breath...

-SHE BREATHES IN

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..and after three - one, two, three, blow!

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HE BLOWS NINA LAUGHS

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And the red one.

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HE BLOWS

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Oh!

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NINA LAUGHS

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Oh, we easily knocked over the building without foundations.

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But this one didn't move.

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Not even if I give it a push.

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Foundations also let the ground grip onto the bottom of the building.

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Just like when we grip something...

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we can hold it still. You try.

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And give it a push. That's it.

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How does it feel?

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Hard to move.

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It is, isn't it? The ground grips the bottom of the building

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like our hands are doing to the rulers.

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Foundations are engineers' way

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of making sure that tall buildings don't fall over.

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# Nina and the Neurons! #

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So, your question was, why don't tall buildings fall over?

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I think we've answered it.

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We discovered that engineers added foundations to a building,

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an extra part of a building that goes under the ground.

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Foundations make a building less wobbly

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by letting the ground grip onto the building

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and help keep it up.

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-So I hope that's answered your question.

-ALL: Thanks, Nina. Bye!

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You're welcome. Bye!

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To know more about the science and engineering all around us,

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go to the Nina section on the CBeebies website. Have fun.

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-# Pulling.

-Pushing.

-Twisting.

-Mixing.

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-# Drilling.

-Squeezing.

-Floating.

-Go engineering

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# Go engineering!

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# When you need to fly it, make it, shape it

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-# Go engineering

-Go engineering!

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# When you want to build, go engineering

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# Engineering!

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# When you've got to solve a problem but you don't know how to do it

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# It's time to go engineering

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# Engineering!

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# When you want to lift it, stick it, pop it, bend it

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# It's time to go engineering

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# Engineering!

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-# Go engineering

-Go engineering!

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# When you need to fly it, make it, shape it

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# Engineering!

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-# Go engineering

-Go engineering!

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# When you want to build, go engineering

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# Go engineering! #

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I've had a brilliant day.

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I liked it when everyone's building blocks came tumbling down.

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It's been such a great day, man.

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I could hardly see the top of the building, it was so tall!

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It's been a marvellous day.

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The building with foundations was no pushover!

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Engineers help to build the world around us.

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They make things work and use science to solve problems.

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See you again soon. Bye.

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Bye, Nina!

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