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# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go | 0:00:05 | 0:00:08 | |
# Ask Nina for some help Cos she's got a science show | 0:00:08 | 0:00:11 | |
# She makes sense of her senses While helping all her fans | 0:00:11 | 0:00:15 | |
# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs | 0:00:15 | 0:00:17 | |
-# Touch your tongue -Tongue! | 0:00:17 | 0:00:19 | |
-# Fingers -Fingers! | 0:00:19 | 0:00:20 | |
-# Eyes. -Eyes! -Ears. -Ears! -Nose. -Nose! | 0:00:20 | 0:00:23 | |
# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know | 0:00:23 | 0:00:26 | |
# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know | 0:00:26 | 0:00:29 | |
# Luke, he helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch | 0:00:29 | 0:00:32 | |
# Ollie sniffs out smells And Belle, she hears so much | 0:00:32 | 0:00:35 | |
# Bud is Ollie's brother He helps us with our taste | 0:00:35 | 0:00:38 | |
# They're Nina's little Neurons And they're coming to your place! | 0:00:38 | 0:00:41 | |
-# Touch your tongue -Tongue! | 0:00:41 | 0:00:43 | |
-# Fingers -Fingers! | 0:00:43 | 0:00:44 | |
-# Eyes. -Eyes! -Ears. -Ears! -Nose. -Nose! | 0:00:44 | 0:00:48 | |
# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know | 0:00:48 | 0:00:50 | |
# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know | 0:00:50 | 0:00:53 | |
# Oh, yeah! # | 0:00:53 | 0:00:54 | |
Whoop! Whoop! | 0:00:56 | 0:00:57 | |
SHE LAUGHS | 0:00:57 | 0:00:59 | |
One more. | 0:00:59 | 0:01:00 | |
Yay! Oh, hello. I've just made my very own plastic-beaker tower. | 0:01:00 | 0:01:05 | |
Oh! | 0:01:05 | 0:01:06 | |
I'd better be careful. I don't want to knock them over. | 0:01:06 | 0:01:10 | |
BEEPING | 0:01:10 | 0:01:11 | |
I hear a beep, I see a flash, I wonder what they're going to ask. | 0:01:11 | 0:01:15 | |
-ALL: Hi, Nina. -Hi, guys. | 0:01:19 | 0:01:21 | |
We've got a question for you. | 0:01:21 | 0:01:24 | |
Why don't tall buildings fall over? | 0:01:24 | 0:01:26 | |
Great question. Why don't tall buildings fall over? | 0:01:26 | 0:01:30 | |
We see lots of really tall buildings all around us | 0:01:30 | 0:01:33 | |
but how do they stay up? Come to my workshop and we'll investigate. | 0:01:33 | 0:01:37 | |
ALL: See you soon, Nina! Bye. | 0:01:37 | 0:01:40 | |
Bye. | 0:01:40 | 0:01:41 | |
I'm going to need some help to answer this one, | 0:01:41 | 0:01:44 | |
and I know just who to ask. | 0:01:44 | 0:01:46 | |
OK, Neurons, time to get to work. | 0:01:46 | 0:01:49 | |
ALL: Neurons at the ready, Nina. | 0:02:04 | 0:02:07 | |
OK. Today's question is, | 0:02:07 | 0:02:09 | |
Why don't tall buildings fall over? | 0:02:09 | 0:02:11 | |
Which neuron will be most useful to help find the answer? | 0:02:11 | 0:02:15 | |
ALL: Me! Me! Me! Oh, me! | 0:02:15 | 0:02:18 | |
Will it be fabulous Felix? | 0:02:18 | 0:02:21 | |
I can help so very much if you need the sense of touch. | 0:02:21 | 0:02:25 | |
Will it be beautiful Belle? | 0:02:25 | 0:02:26 | |
I send messages to brain from ear. If there's a sound, I'll help you hear. | 0:02:26 | 0:02:31 | |
Will it be lovely Luke? | 0:02:31 | 0:02:33 | |
For looking and seeing, day or night, | 0:02:33 | 0:02:35 | |
I'll help you with your sense of sight. | 0:02:35 | 0:02:38 | |
Will it be awesome Ollie? | 0:02:38 | 0:02:40 | |
If it's pongy or whiffy but you can't tell, | 0:02:40 | 0:02:43 | |
-my messages help your sense of smell. -Or will it be baby Bud? | 0:02:43 | 0:02:47 | |
Sour, salty, bitter or sweet, I'm your taste buddy whenever you eat! | 0:02:47 | 0:02:51 | |
It's Luke! | 0:02:55 | 0:02:56 | |
CHEERING | 0:02:56 | 0:02:58 | |
Go, Luke! Go, Luke! Go, Luke! Go, Luke! Go, Luke! | 0:02:58 | 0:03:03 | |
Go, Luke! Go, Luke! | 0:03:03 | 0:03:06 | |
Cool, Nina. I'll be looking out to help you. | 0:03:06 | 0:03:09 | |
Today's question is, why don't tall buildings fall over? | 0:03:09 | 0:03:13 | |
Because tall buildings are something we can see, | 0:03:13 | 0:03:16 | |
Luke, our sight neuron, will be helping us. | 0:03:16 | 0:03:19 | |
But stand by, Neurons, I may need help from all of you. | 0:03:19 | 0:03:22 | |
I need to get the workshop ready before the Engineers arrive. | 0:03:22 | 0:03:26 | |
James loves roasting marshmallows. | 0:03:28 | 0:03:30 | |
Joshua loves karate. Archie loves porridge. | 0:03:30 | 0:03:33 | |
A lot of cities have really tall buildings. | 0:03:33 | 0:03:36 | |
I've seen really tall buildings. | 0:03:36 | 0:03:38 | |
When I build a tall tower with blocks, it falls over. | 0:03:38 | 0:03:41 | |
So, today, for one day only, | 0:03:41 | 0:03:43 | |
James, Joshua and Archie become the Engineers! | 0:03:43 | 0:03:47 | |
-Hi, guys. -ALL: Hi, Nina. | 0:03:50 | 0:03:53 | |
Welcome to my workshop. Thanks for your question - | 0:03:53 | 0:03:56 | |
why don't tall buildings fall over? | 0:03:56 | 0:03:58 | |
To find out, let's start by using our senses. | 0:03:58 | 0:04:01 | |
Whoo-whoo! A senses experiment! We're ready, Nina! | 0:04:01 | 0:04:06 | |
Making tall buildings can be very tricky. | 0:04:06 | 0:04:09 | |
Why do engineers build them? | 0:04:09 | 0:04:11 | |
Let's find out. | 0:04:11 | 0:04:12 | |
Now, this is a long, flat building. | 0:04:12 | 0:04:15 | |
James, I'd like you to look at it | 0:04:15 | 0:04:18 | |
and copy the shape of it with your body on this piece of paper. | 0:04:18 | 0:04:23 | |
Oh! | 0:04:23 | 0:04:25 | |
Well, that's a good way to make a long, flat shape. | 0:04:28 | 0:04:31 | |
Just lie down and relax. | 0:04:31 | 0:04:34 | |
Now, I'd like you to draw round him using these crayons. | 0:04:34 | 0:04:37 | |
Go for it. | 0:04:37 | 0:04:39 | |
Excellent work. Up you get, everyone. | 0:04:46 | 0:04:49 | |
Well done. | 0:04:49 | 0:04:50 | |
NINA LAUGHS | 0:04:50 | 0:04:52 | |
Now I'd like you to pretend to be another shape of building, | 0:04:52 | 0:04:55 | |
but this time a tall, thin building. | 0:04:55 | 0:04:58 | |
So, James, can you make that shape for me? | 0:04:58 | 0:05:02 | |
Very good. And can you guys draw around his feet? | 0:05:02 | 0:05:05 | |
Excellent! Let's look at your drawings. | 0:05:10 | 0:05:13 | |
Do you see the difference? | 0:05:13 | 0:05:15 | |
Lying down, James took up a lot more space | 0:05:15 | 0:05:18 | |
than when he was standing up. | 0:05:18 | 0:05:20 | |
He hasn't changed size, he's just changed position. | 0:05:20 | 0:05:24 | |
And it's the same with buildings. | 0:05:24 | 0:05:26 | |
Long, flat buildings take up a lot of space on the ground, | 0:05:26 | 0:05:31 | |
whereas tall buildings stand upright and take up far less. | 0:05:31 | 0:05:35 | |
This is useful in cities where it's very busy | 0:05:35 | 0:05:38 | |
and there's lots of buildings squeezed into a small space. | 0:05:38 | 0:05:42 | |
So let's make our own tall buildings. Follow me! | 0:05:42 | 0:05:45 | |
Let's see how high we can make our building. | 0:05:45 | 0:05:49 | |
NINA LAUGHS | 0:05:55 | 0:05:57 | |
Oh! Oh, no! | 0:05:59 | 0:06:00 | |
NINA LAUGHS | 0:06:01 | 0:06:03 | |
Joshua... | 0:06:03 | 0:06:05 | |
CHEERING | 0:06:06 | 0:06:08 | |
Going, going... | 0:06:10 | 0:06:12 | |
Oh! | 0:06:12 | 0:06:13 | |
Our tall buildings have fallen over. | 0:06:13 | 0:06:16 | |
And if something falls over, it means it isn't balanced. | 0:06:16 | 0:06:20 | |
So, as our buildings got taller, they were harder to balance. | 0:06:20 | 0:06:23 | |
And that's the same as real tall buildings. | 0:06:23 | 0:06:26 | |
They're hard to balance, too. | 0:06:26 | 0:06:28 | |
-The higher they get, the wobblier they can become. -Like wobbly jelly! | 0:06:28 | 0:06:33 | |
Wibble-wobble! Wibble-wobble! | 0:06:33 | 0:06:36 | |
But we have lots of tall buildings that don't fall down. | 0:06:36 | 0:06:40 | |
How did engineers work out how to make them balance? | 0:06:40 | 0:06:43 | |
Let's go and look up at something to find out. | 0:06:43 | 0:06:46 | |
BELLE: Where do you think we're going today? | 0:06:50 | 0:06:53 | |
-OLLIE: -Where can you look up something? | 0:06:53 | 0:06:56 | |
-FELIX: -Well, that's easy. We must be going to the library | 0:06:56 | 0:06:59 | |
to look up something in a book. | 0:06:59 | 0:07:01 | |
LUKE: We're about to find out. Looks like we're here, everyone! | 0:07:01 | 0:07:05 | |
This is where we've come to look up! | 0:07:07 | 0:07:09 | |
LUKE: Whoa! That is a very, very tall building. | 0:07:09 | 0:07:14 | |
-It's very tall, isn't it? -ALL: Yes. | 0:07:14 | 0:07:17 | |
This is Canary Wharf. | 0:07:17 | 0:07:19 | |
It's one of the tallest buildings in the country. | 0:07:19 | 0:07:22 | |
ALL: Wow! | 0:07:22 | 0:07:24 | |
It's the height of 55 double-decker buses all on top of each other. | 0:07:24 | 0:07:29 | |
ALL: Wow! | 0:07:29 | 0:07:31 | |
That's right. | 0:07:31 | 0:07:33 | |
If this building was lying down, | 0:07:33 | 0:07:35 | |
it would take up lots and lots of space on the ground | 0:07:35 | 0:07:38 | |
and there wouldn't be room for the other buildings. | 0:07:38 | 0:07:41 | |
But because it's standing up, it takes up less space on the ground | 0:07:41 | 0:07:45 | |
and we can still fit lots of offices and homes inside. | 0:07:45 | 0:07:49 | |
Does it look wobbly, like our buildings? | 0:07:49 | 0:07:52 | |
ALL: No! | 0:07:52 | 0:07:53 | |
Well, let's give it a push. | 0:07:53 | 0:07:55 | |
Everyone, let's push. | 0:07:55 | 0:07:56 | |
SHE GRUNTS | 0:07:56 | 0:07:58 | |
ALL GRUNT | 0:07:58 | 0:08:01 | |
NINA LAUGHS | 0:08:03 | 0:08:05 | |
No, no wobbles there. So, how do they make buildings less wobbly? | 0:08:05 | 0:08:09 | |
Let's do a little experiment to find out. Come with me. | 0:08:09 | 0:08:13 | |
Now, here we have three different-sized rectangular boxes. | 0:08:15 | 0:08:19 | |
We know from our building-blocks experiment | 0:08:19 | 0:08:22 | |
the taller the building, the harder it is to keep balanced. | 0:08:22 | 0:08:25 | |
Which one do you think is | 0:08:25 | 0:08:27 | |
most likely to fall over? | 0:08:27 | 0:08:29 | |
The tall blue one. | 0:08:29 | 0:08:31 | |
Well, let's see. | 0:08:31 | 0:08:32 | |
Let's pretend to be the wind | 0:08:32 | 0:08:34 | |
and we'll try and blow them over. | 0:08:34 | 0:08:36 | |
ALL BLOW | 0:08:36 | 0:08:40 | |
NINA LAUGHS | 0:08:40 | 0:08:41 | |
Oh! | 0:08:41 | 0:08:42 | |
Oh, well done. | 0:08:42 | 0:08:43 | |
And you were right - this building was much easier to blow over | 0:08:43 | 0:08:47 | |
because it's tall and thin and more difficult to balance - | 0:08:47 | 0:08:51 | |
because of something called balance points. | 0:08:51 | 0:08:53 | |
Balance points? What are balance points, Nina? | 0:08:53 | 0:08:57 | |
Well, Ollie, I have the perfect way to show you. | 0:08:57 | 0:09:00 | |
If you guys can take a box each... | 0:09:00 | 0:09:03 | |
I'd like you to draw a line | 0:09:03 | 0:09:06 | |
from one corner at the top | 0:09:06 | 0:09:09 | |
to the opposite corner at the bottom. | 0:09:09 | 0:09:12 | |
Excellent. Now draw another line between the other corners. | 0:09:18 | 0:09:22 | |
Well done, guys. They look fantastic. | 0:09:31 | 0:09:33 | |
Now, have a look over here because... | 0:09:33 | 0:09:36 | |
these are the balance points. | 0:09:36 | 0:09:40 | |
They're in the centre of the box, where the lines meet. | 0:09:40 | 0:09:43 | |
Looking a the lines on these boxes, | 0:09:43 | 0:09:46 | |
which one has the highest balance point? | 0:09:46 | 0:09:49 | |
The tall building. | 0:09:49 | 0:09:50 | |
Yes. Tall buildings have a high balance point | 0:09:50 | 0:09:54 | |
and short, flat buildings have a low balance point. | 0:09:54 | 0:09:57 | |
Because our tall building has a higher balance point, | 0:09:57 | 0:10:00 | |
it's easier to blow over. | 0:10:00 | 0:10:03 | |
To make a tall building less wobbly, engineers lower the balance point. | 0:10:03 | 0:10:07 | |
Look at this picture of Canary Wharf. | 0:10:07 | 0:10:09 | |
Some of the building is below ground, | 0:10:09 | 0:10:12 | |
so the balance point is lower, too. | 0:10:12 | 0:10:14 | |
The part of the building below the ground | 0:10:14 | 0:10:17 | |
is called the foundations. | 0:10:17 | 0:10:19 | |
Foundations help make a building less wobbly. | 0:10:19 | 0:10:22 | |
Let's go back to the workshop to find out how. | 0:10:22 | 0:10:25 | |
Have a look over here, boys. | 0:10:26 | 0:10:28 | |
Now, the grey bit on this building here will be our foundations. | 0:10:28 | 0:10:33 | |
The foundations are the bits of a building that go under the ground. | 0:10:33 | 0:10:37 | |
Let's put this building with the foundations | 0:10:37 | 0:10:40 | |
into this nice piece of grass here. | 0:10:40 | 0:10:42 | |
And the foundations fit underneath. | 0:10:42 | 0:10:46 | |
Oh. | 0:10:46 | 0:10:47 | |
And let's sit the building without foundations | 0:10:47 | 0:10:51 | |
just beside it here. | 0:10:51 | 0:10:53 | |
So they are the same height. The only difference is, | 0:10:53 | 0:10:57 | |
this one is pushed into the ground. | 0:10:57 | 0:10:59 | |
So let's see how wobbly they are. | 0:10:59 | 0:11:01 | |
-Joshua, take a big, deep breath... -SHE BREATHES IN | 0:11:01 | 0:11:04 | |
..and after three - one, two, three, blow! | 0:11:04 | 0:11:08 | |
HE BLOWS NINA LAUGHS | 0:11:08 | 0:11:10 | |
And the red one. | 0:11:10 | 0:11:12 | |
HE BLOWS | 0:11:12 | 0:11:13 | |
Oh! | 0:11:13 | 0:11:14 | |
NINA LAUGHS | 0:11:14 | 0:11:16 | |
Oh, we easily knocked over the building without foundations. | 0:11:16 | 0:11:20 | |
But this one didn't move. | 0:11:20 | 0:11:22 | |
Not even if I give it a push. | 0:11:22 | 0:11:24 | |
Foundations also let the ground grip onto the bottom of the building. | 0:11:24 | 0:11:29 | |
Just like when we grip something... | 0:11:29 | 0:11:33 | |
we can hold it still. You try. | 0:11:33 | 0:11:35 | |
And give it a push. That's it. | 0:11:38 | 0:11:40 | |
How does it feel? | 0:11:40 | 0:11:42 | |
Hard to move. | 0:11:42 | 0:11:43 | |
It is, isn't it? The ground grips the bottom of the building | 0:11:43 | 0:11:47 | |
like our hands are doing to the rulers. | 0:11:47 | 0:11:49 | |
Foundations are engineers' way | 0:11:49 | 0:11:51 | |
of making sure that tall buildings don't fall over. | 0:11:51 | 0:11:54 | |
# Nina and the Neurons! # | 0:11:54 | 0:11:57 | |
So, your question was, why don't tall buildings fall over? | 0:12:00 | 0:12:03 | |
I think we've answered it. | 0:12:03 | 0:12:05 | |
We discovered that engineers added foundations to a building, | 0:12:05 | 0:12:09 | |
an extra part of a building that goes under the ground. | 0:12:09 | 0:12:12 | |
Foundations make a building less wobbly | 0:12:12 | 0:12:15 | |
by letting the ground grip onto the building | 0:12:15 | 0:12:18 | |
and help keep it up. | 0:12:18 | 0:12:19 | |
-So I hope that's answered your question. -ALL: Thanks, Nina. Bye! | 0:12:19 | 0:12:24 | |
You're welcome. Bye! | 0:12:24 | 0:12:26 | |
To know more about the science and engineering all around us, | 0:12:29 | 0:12:33 | |
go to the Nina section on the CBeebies website. Have fun. | 0:12:33 | 0:12:37 | |
-# Pulling. -Pushing. -Twisting. -Mixing. | 0:12:37 | 0:12:39 | |
-# Drilling. -Squeezing. -Floating. -Go engineering | 0:12:39 | 0:12:43 | |
# Go engineering! | 0:12:43 | 0:12:45 | |
# When you need to fly it, make it, shape it | 0:12:45 | 0:12:50 | |
-# Go engineering -Go engineering! | 0:12:50 | 0:12:55 | |
# When you want to build, go engineering | 0:12:55 | 0:12:58 | |
# Engineering! | 0:12:58 | 0:12:59 | |
# When you've got to solve a problem but you don't know how to do it | 0:12:59 | 0:13:04 | |
# It's time to go engineering | 0:13:04 | 0:13:07 | |
# Engineering! | 0:13:07 | 0:13:08 | |
# When you want to lift it, stick it, pop it, bend it | 0:13:08 | 0:13:13 | |
# It's time to go engineering | 0:13:13 | 0:13:16 | |
# Engineering! | 0:13:16 | 0:13:18 | |
-# Go engineering -Go engineering! | 0:13:18 | 0:13:22 | |
# When you need to fly it, make it, shape it | 0:13:22 | 0:13:25 | |
# Engineering! | 0:13:25 | 0:13:27 | |
-# Go engineering -Go engineering! | 0:13:27 | 0:13:31 | |
# When you want to build, go engineering | 0:13:31 | 0:13:36 | |
# Go engineering! # | 0:13:36 | 0:13:38 | |
I've had a brilliant day. | 0:13:38 | 0:13:40 | |
I liked it when everyone's building blocks came tumbling down. | 0:13:40 | 0:13:45 | |
It's been such a great day, man. | 0:13:45 | 0:13:49 | |
I could hardly see the top of the building, it was so tall! | 0:13:49 | 0:13:53 | |
It's been a marvellous day. | 0:13:53 | 0:13:55 | |
The building with foundations was no pushover! | 0:13:55 | 0:13:59 | |
Engineers help to build the world around us. | 0:13:59 | 0:14:02 | |
They make things work and use science to solve problems. | 0:14:02 | 0:14:06 | |
See you again soon. Bye. | 0:14:06 | 0:14:07 | |
Bye, Nina! | 0:14:07 | 0:14:09 | |
Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd | 0:14:09 | 0:14:12 |