Soap Suds Nina and the Neurons

# If you've got a question and you don't know where to go

# Ask Nina for some help Cos she's got a science show

# She makes sense of her senses While helping all her fans

# By doing her experiments with potions and with bangs

-# Touch your tongue

-Tongue!

-# Fingers

-Fingers!

-# Eyes.

-Eyes!

-Ears.

-Ears!

-Nose.

-Nose!

# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know

# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know

# Luke, he helps us with our eyes and Felix with our touch

# Ollie sniffs out smells And Belle, she hears so much

# Bud is Ollie's brother He helps us with our taste

# They're Nina's little Neurons And they're coming to your place!

-# Touch your tongue

-Tongue!

-# Fingers

-Fingers!

-# Eyes.

-Eyes!

-Ears.

-Ears!

-Nose.

-Nose!

# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know

# Nina and the Neurons find out what you need to know

# Oh yeah! #

Oh, hello!

Have you ever tried this bubble experiment before? It's great fun.

You get a really good soapy lather

and make a circle with your fingers and gently blow.

Ha-ha! Bubble-tastic!

BEEP! BEEP!

I hear a beep, I see a flash, I wonder what they're going to ask.

ALL: Hi, Nina!

Hi, guys.

We've got a question.

Why do we have to use soap?

That's a brilliant question. Why do we have to use soap?

Why not come to my lab and we'll do some experiments to investigate?

ALL: See you soon, Nina.

Bye!

I'll need help to answer this and I know just who to ask.

OK, Neurons, time to get to work.

ALL: Neurons at the ready, Nina.

Today's question is, why do we have to use soap?

Which Neuron will be most useful in helping us find the answer?

-Me, me!

-Oh, me!

-Me!

Will it be fabulous Felix?

I can help so very much

if you need the sense of touch.

Will it be beautiful Belle?

I send messages to brain from ear.

If there's a sound, I'll help you hear.

Will it be lovely Luke?

Looking and seeing, day or night,

I'll help you with your sense of sight.

Will it be awesome Ollie?

If it's pongy, but you can't tell,

my messages help your sense of smell.

Or will it be baby Bud?

Sour, salty, bitter or sweet,

I'm your taste buddy whenever you eat.

It's Felix!

CHEERING

Go, Felix! Go, Felix!

Go, Felix! Go, Felix! Go, Felix!

Go, Felix! Go, Felix!

Marvellous! A little touch can mean so much, Nina.

Today's question is why do we have to use soap?

To use soap we have to touch it,

so Felix, our touch Neuron, will be helping me today.

Right, I need to get the lab ready before the experimenters arrive.

Vidhi likes making people laugh,

Morven loves singing and Tia loves dancing.

But they all want to know why we have to use soap.

So today, for one day only,

Vidhi, Morven and Tia become The Experimenters!

-Hi, Nina!

-Come in, come in. Welcome to my science lab.

Now, you asked why do we have to use soap, but why do you want to know?

Cos every time my mummy asks me to wash my hands,

she always tells me to use soap.

And we want to know why.

Ah, well, I always use soap when I wash my hands,

but I've never really thought why.

This is a great question,

so for our first experiment, we're going to use our senses.

ALL: Woot-woo, a senses experiment! We're ready, Nina!

As you can see, soap comes in lots of different shapes and sizes.

This bar of soap's quite hard,

when would you use a bar of soap like this?

-Bath.

-When you have a bath.

-What about this liquid soap in the pump dispenser?

-Hands!

Here's some shampoo, that's soap we use to wash our hair.

So we use different types of soap for different reasons.

But why do we have to use it?

OK, guys, now I've put some cooking oil onto these plates.

So let's put our hand in it. Hee-hee!

-Yuck!

-Now let's rub our hands together.

-Eww!

-What does it feel like?

-Slimy.

-It's slimy!

Ew, your hands do feel greasy.

Don't worry, Felix, it won't be for long.

OK, guys, let's go and wash our hands in just water.

It's not washing, it still feels slimy.

Slime!

So even though we used the water, our hands are still covered in oil.

That's because oil doesn't mix with water.

So we need to wash our hands again and this time we can use some soap.

You hold your hands out and I'll give you some soap. There you go.

Rub those hands together.

Ah, the liquid soap has created lots of white foamy lather.

-OK, let's give them a good rinse under the tap.

-Under the tap.

Yeah, rinse them.

That's mine done.

OK, so let's see your hands now.

-No oily. They don't feel slimy or anything.

-Brilliant!

That experiment has shown us that washing our hands

with just water doesn't get rid of oil.

But when we add soap, it makes a foamy lather

and gets rid of the grease. But how does that happen?

It's time for another experiment.

Now this is a beaker of water with some food colouring added

to help us see it. I'm going to add it into this jar of oil.

Now I'm going to give it a really good shake.

WATER SLOSHES

Great sploshing noise, Nina!

Splosh, slush, slush...

Let's have a look.

-So, what can you see happening?

-It's getting blue at the bottom.

Yeah, it's going stripy.

And remember, the water is blue and the oil is yellow.

Do you see the oil has risen to the top?

Next, watch what happens if I mix oil with liquid soap.

And once again I'll give it a good shake.

That's turning green!

-What can you see now?

-They're mixed.

That's right, they're mixed together.

So the oil didn't mix with the water

but it did mix with the liquid soap. Let's see what happens

if we add the coloured water this time.

(They'll mix.)

And give them a good mix.

What's happened?

-They're blue now.

-Yes,

although oil and water can't mix together on their own,

they can both mix with soap. So the soap mixes with the oil

and the water, and allows the oil and water to mix together, too!

Aw! It's like the soap's helped them to be friends!

That's a nice way of putting it, Ollie!

In science, when two things that normally don't mix together

are helped to mix by something else,

the new mixture is called an emulsion.

To find out more, we're going to see a place

where they make something very tasty! Let's go, experimenters!

Off we go for another adventure!

Nina said there would be tasty treats!

I hope it's sausages or bananas or grapes or melons or...

Nina said it's somewhere that makes tasty treats.

Oh, creamy, milky smells!

It's a dairy!

We're here to find out more about how an emulsion is formed.

The milk from these lovely cows is going to be made

-into ice cream!

-Whee!

And ice cream is an emulsion.

Ice cream?! Aya-a-a-ah!

There are lots of ingredients in ice cream,

like milk, cream and egg yolk.

The egg helps all of the ingredients to make friends.

And these machines are really important.

The ice cream won't form until all the ingredients

are mixed together really well. It's just like when I added the soap

to the oil and water earlier. It wasn't until I shook the jar

and mixed them really well that they formed an emulsion.

Nina, can you please, please, please taste the ice cream now?!

With pleasure, Bud!

Yes!

Mmm!

So, as I was saying,

it's all the whipping and mixing that helps to make the ice cream.

But what does that tell us about soap?

We need to go back to the lab for one final experiment.

Your question was, "Why do we have to use soap?"

There's one more experiment left to answer this question.

-Let's get experimenting.

-ALL: Yeah!

Can I ask you to dip one hand into your paint?

That's it. And then...

press them on to the paper and make hand prints.

Next, you're going to wash your hands

in a sink that's got soapy water in it.

I want you just to dip your hand in, no rubbing.

Dipping your hands in, no rubbing.

Now take you your hands out, no rubbing,

and we'll just rinse them under this tap.

OK, that's good.

Now let's dry your hands. There's a towel for you, Morven.

Tia. And for yourself, Vidhi.

I can see all blue on the towel.

Oh, the towels are going all blue!

Oh dear, their hands are still covered in paint!

So what do you notice?

The paint's not washed off.

Don't worry, this experiment isn't over yet.

Put your hands back in the water

and this time you can rub your hands together.

That's it, make lots of bubbles.

Lovely. OK, now take your hands out.

Now, I've got some towels here.

Let's just dry our hands.

Super. What do we notice about our hands now?

They're all clean.

They're lovely and clean.

That experiment has shown us

that soapy water alone wasn't enough to remove the paint from your hands

because there was no foamy lather.

But when you rubbed your hands in the water,

the soap and the water and the paint mixed together to create an emulsion

and the paint washed away.

Your question was, "Why do we have to use soap?"

And I think we've answered it.

We use soap because when we rub it to create an emulsion,

it helps us get rid of oily, greasy dirt and germs

that won't come off with water alone.

I hope that's answered your question.

ALL: Thanks, Nina, bye.

Bye!

If you want to know more about the science that's all around us,

go to the Nina section on the CBeebies website. Have fun!

Lab coat on, Nina?

Lab coat on, Ollie.

Safety gloves on, Nina?

Safety gloves on, Felix.

And don't forget your goggles, Nina.

Goggles are on, Luke.

I think we're ready!

# We do experiments in the lab

# In the lab Shooby-dooby, in the lab

# Bubbling experiments in the lab

# In the lab Go, Nina, in the lab

# Hissing and popping Steam and smoke

# We need protection Don't we, folks?

# We always put our safety first

# Shooby-dooby-dooby-dooby

# We do experiments in the lab

# In the lab Go, Nina! #

It's been a marvellous day,

lots of touchy-feely hands on experiments.

I've had a brilliant day.

Nina used the soap to make the oil and water be friends.

I've had a fabby day!

Ice cream, ice cream, ice cream, ice cream!

Our day's been bursting with sensational experiments.

I hope you've enjoyed it. Bye!

ALL: Bye!

Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd