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I'm Dr Chris. | 0:00:24 | 0:00:25 | |
And I'm Dr Xand. | 0:00:25 | 0:00:27 | |
-We're identical twins. -Twins! | 0:00:27 | 0:00:29 | |
Do you know your body does loads of amazing things every day, | 0:00:29 | 0:00:32 | |
without you even knowing? | 0:00:32 | 0:00:33 | |
It's time to saw open some bone. | 0:00:33 | 0:00:36 | |
Well, get ready to be wowed. | 0:00:36 | 0:00:38 | |
Smell my armpits. | 0:00:38 | 0:00:40 | |
We've got gobsmacking experiments... | 0:00:40 | 0:00:42 | |
Wow! | 0:00:42 | 0:00:44 | |
..mind-bending body tricks... | 0:00:44 | 0:00:46 | |
and real medical mysteries. | 0:00:46 | 0:00:48 | |
It's tickling the tip of my nose. | 0:00:48 | 0:00:51 | |
So, are you ready to see what you're made of? | 0:00:51 | 0:00:54 | |
Coming up today on... | 0:00:54 | 0:00:56 | |
Operation Ouch! | 0:00:56 | 0:00:57 | |
Find out what's in Chris's orange juice. | 0:01:01 | 0:01:03 | |
I'm on-call responding to real emergencies. | 0:01:06 | 0:01:09 | |
Just went to move and it went. | 0:01:09 | 0:01:12 | |
And I get new specs in Mindbenders. | 0:01:12 | 0:01:14 | |
But first... | 0:01:15 | 0:01:17 | |
In the emergency department, | 0:01:17 | 0:01:19 | |
the medical team are ready for their first patient. | 0:01:19 | 0:01:21 | |
Well, come on, let's meet him. | 0:01:21 | 0:01:23 | |
In Sheffield accident and emergency, | 0:01:24 | 0:01:26 | |
six-year-old Jude is waiting to see the doctors with his mum. | 0:01:26 | 0:01:30 | |
What's up, fella? | 0:01:30 | 0:01:31 | |
I've got a stone in my ear. | 0:01:31 | 0:01:33 | |
Oh, dear, how did that get there? | 0:01:34 | 0:01:37 | |
I just put it in my ear. | 0:01:37 | 0:01:39 | |
Oh, you put it there? OK. | 0:01:39 | 0:01:41 | |
Let's find out more, shall we? | 0:01:41 | 0:01:43 | |
It was circle time at school. | 0:01:43 | 0:01:45 | |
Oooh, I LOVE circle time. | 0:01:45 | 0:01:47 | |
Uh...OK. Anyway, Jude was daydreaming | 0:01:47 | 0:01:50 | |
and playing with the carpet. | 0:01:50 | 0:01:52 | |
-Oh, he's a tiny explorer in carpet jungle. -Erm... | 0:01:53 | 0:01:57 | |
He probably discovered a sticky sweet or two... | 0:01:57 | 0:02:00 | |
Hello! | 0:02:00 | 0:02:01 | |
..and some fluff. | 0:02:01 | 0:02:02 | |
Ah! Get off me! | 0:02:02 | 0:02:03 | |
Er...no, he found a stone. | 0:02:03 | 0:02:06 | |
Oh, yes, and the stone wants to play chase, | 0:02:06 | 0:02:08 | |
then it jumps up high to catch him, flying through the air. | 0:02:08 | 0:02:11 | |
Er...no, Xand, Jude just picked up the stone | 0:02:11 | 0:02:14 | |
and popped it into his ear. | 0:02:14 | 0:02:15 | |
Oh...ouch! | 0:02:15 | 0:02:16 | |
I need to get some tweezers. | 0:02:18 | 0:02:20 | |
Best let the professionals decide. | 0:02:20 | 0:02:23 | |
Ear to sort it out is Dr Susanne Baron. | 0:02:23 | 0:02:27 | |
-Hello, Jude. -Hi. | 0:02:27 | 0:02:28 | |
-How are you? -Good. | 0:02:28 | 0:02:30 | |
What happened to you? | 0:02:30 | 0:02:32 | |
I put a stone in my ear by mistake. | 0:02:32 | 0:02:35 | |
By mistake, ah, that's not so bad then. | 0:02:35 | 0:02:38 | |
Was it a big stone? | 0:02:38 | 0:02:39 | |
Erm...it was... | 0:02:39 | 0:02:41 | |
Whoa, that big?! | 0:02:41 | 0:02:42 | |
..medium. | 0:02:42 | 0:02:44 | |
Medium big, OK. | 0:02:44 | 0:02:45 | |
Dr Baron begins the search. | 0:02:45 | 0:02:47 | |
I'll just pull it a little bit. | 0:02:47 | 0:02:49 | |
Are you in there, stone? | 0:02:49 | 0:02:50 | |
Whoops, there it is. | 0:02:50 | 0:02:52 | |
I can see it. | 0:02:52 | 0:02:54 | |
It's a little grey stone right in the middle of your ear. | 0:02:54 | 0:02:57 | |
We'll try and suck it out. | 0:02:57 | 0:02:59 | |
High five, bro, let's do this. | 0:02:59 | 0:03:01 | |
Dr Baron's using a vacuum to try and suck the stone out. | 0:03:02 | 0:03:06 | |
OK, it will tickle and it will be very noisy. | 0:03:06 | 0:03:09 | |
Oh, that's noisy. | 0:03:09 | 0:03:11 | |
I'm not even in there yet. | 0:03:11 | 0:03:13 | |
Come on, stone, out you come. | 0:03:15 | 0:03:17 | |
I think it has moved a little bit, the right way. | 0:03:17 | 0:03:21 | |
So, we'll try again. | 0:03:21 | 0:03:22 | |
It's moving, but will it come out? | 0:03:24 | 0:03:26 | |
No, I think it's wedged in there, actually. | 0:03:26 | 0:03:28 | |
The stone won't budge. | 0:03:28 | 0:03:30 | |
Sometimes we can't get these things out if they have a rough surface. | 0:03:30 | 0:03:34 | |
The next thing we need to do now is to refer him to the ear, | 0:03:34 | 0:03:38 | |
nose, throat surgeons. | 0:03:38 | 0:03:39 | |
I'm sorry the vacuum cleaner didn't work today. | 0:03:39 | 0:03:42 | |
The stone is still in my ear. | 0:03:42 | 0:03:44 | |
Don't worry, Jude, we'll be back later to sort that out. | 0:03:44 | 0:03:47 | |
Ready to see some amazing experiments? | 0:03:51 | 0:03:54 | |
Yes! A triumph. | 0:03:54 | 0:03:56 | |
We're going to show you how your incredible body works. | 0:03:56 | 0:04:00 | |
Just don't try anything you see here at home. | 0:04:00 | 0:04:03 | |
Today, we're looking at a pair of organs that really clean up. | 0:04:03 | 0:04:07 | |
Chris, what are you doing? | 0:04:11 | 0:04:13 | |
I'm cleaning and tidying the lab, Xand. | 0:04:13 | 0:04:16 | |
I thought we had one of those self-cleaning laboratories. | 0:04:16 | 0:04:19 | |
Would you like some orange juice? | 0:04:19 | 0:04:21 | |
Oh I'd love some, yeah, it's thirsty work, this. | 0:04:21 | 0:04:23 | |
-Here you go. -Thanks, Xand. | 0:04:23 | 0:04:25 | |
It's got juicy bits in it! | 0:04:31 | 0:04:34 | |
Now, Chris doesn't like bits in his orange juice any more | 0:04:34 | 0:04:36 | |
than your body doesn't like bits or waste products in your | 0:04:36 | 0:04:40 | |
bloodstream, and what your kidneys do is help to get rid of them. | 0:04:40 | 0:04:43 | |
Now, I can remove the bits from the orange juice using this filter. | 0:04:43 | 0:04:48 | |
Hey, that's my tea strainer. | 0:04:48 | 0:04:50 | |
Whatever, it gets rid of all the little bits in the orange juice | 0:04:50 | 0:04:53 | |
just like your kidneys get rid of all the little | 0:04:53 | 0:04:55 | |
bits from your blood that your body doesn't want. | 0:04:55 | 0:04:58 | |
In 24 hours, your kidneys filter and clean 200 litres of blood | 0:04:58 | 0:05:02 | |
and it's even more amazing when you see what a real kidney looks like. | 0:05:02 | 0:05:06 | |
Now, this pair is from a pig, but they're very similar to yours. | 0:05:08 | 0:05:11 | |
It might look a bit gross, but your kidneys are amazing. | 0:05:11 | 0:05:15 | |
This tube here is the main blood vessel carrying | 0:05:15 | 0:05:19 | |
blood into the kidneys full of waste waiting to be removed. | 0:05:19 | 0:05:23 | |
The blood gets filtered and another tube carries the waste... | 0:05:23 | 0:05:26 | |
wee, down to this sack here which is your bladder. | 0:05:26 | 0:05:29 | |
Your bladder empties when you go to the loo. | 0:05:29 | 0:05:32 | |
And that's the pipe that takes away the cleaned-up blood | 0:05:32 | 0:05:35 | |
and sends it back around your body. | 0:05:35 | 0:05:37 | |
Right, let's have a closer look. Scalpel, please, Dr Chris. | 0:05:37 | 0:05:40 | |
Now inside the kidney is where all this filtering takes place. | 0:05:41 | 0:05:45 | |
There we go. | 0:05:45 | 0:05:47 | |
This is done by a special thing called a nephron. | 0:05:47 | 0:05:49 | |
There's about a million in each kidney and they're | 0:05:49 | 0:05:51 | |
so small you can't see them. | 0:05:51 | 0:05:53 | |
So, we've had to pay good money for this photo of one | 0:05:53 | 0:05:56 | |
under a microscope. | 0:05:56 | 0:05:58 | |
Chris, don't you just hate it when a bit of the body is | 0:05:58 | 0:06:01 | |
so small that you can only see it with a microscope? | 0:06:01 | 0:06:04 | |
I do, I do, I hate it, | 0:06:04 | 0:06:06 | |
but luckily, I've got just this eventuality covered. | 0:06:06 | 0:06:09 | |
-Oooh. -Come with me, Xand. | 0:06:09 | 0:06:11 | |
Your kidneys are an amazing filtration system | 0:06:13 | 0:06:15 | |
and we're going to show you. | 0:06:15 | 0:06:17 | |
To do it, I've made these, two supersized kidney models, | 0:06:17 | 0:06:20 | |
one for me and one for you, Xand. | 0:06:20 | 0:06:23 | |
These are great. | 0:06:23 | 0:06:25 | |
Finally, a kidney model that's big enough to actually see what's | 0:06:25 | 0:06:28 | |
going on. I love it. | 0:06:28 | 0:06:30 | |
Yeah, I thought you'd like it. | 0:06:30 | 0:06:32 | |
So, we're going to use our giant-sized models to show you | 0:06:32 | 0:06:35 | |
just how your real-life kidneys clean your blood. | 0:06:35 | 0:06:38 | |
Now, this jar represents a single nephron inside your kidneys. | 0:06:38 | 0:06:42 | |
And just like in the real kidney, Chris has put a tube bringing | 0:06:42 | 0:06:47 | |
blood into the nephron here, another tube bringing cleaned-up blood out | 0:06:47 | 0:06:51 | |
of the kidney, and then a third tube taking the waste away, it's amazing. | 0:06:51 | 0:06:56 | |
OK. Well, thanks, Xand. | 0:06:56 | 0:06:57 | |
Now, the liquid that represents your blood is here. | 0:06:57 | 0:07:00 | |
It's got water and red glitter in it for a bit of colour. | 0:07:00 | 0:07:04 | |
Now we're going to pump our very attractive glittery blood through | 0:07:04 | 0:07:07 | |
our nephrons to give us an idea of how your kidney works in real life. | 0:07:07 | 0:07:11 | |
Are you ready, Xand? | 0:07:11 | 0:07:13 | |
I'm ready, Chris, let's go. | 0:07:13 | 0:07:14 | |
And...pump. | 0:07:14 | 0:07:15 | |
So, what you can see here is the glittery blood | 0:07:17 | 0:07:20 | |
flowing into the nephron. | 0:07:20 | 0:07:22 | |
And it gets filtered through the nephron | 0:07:22 | 0:07:24 | |
and then the nice clean blood travels back along the renal vein, | 0:07:24 | 0:07:27 | |
back to the body full of all the nice stuff your body wanted to keep. | 0:07:27 | 0:07:31 | |
Chris...? | 0:07:31 | 0:07:32 | |
-And everything else, the waste, comes out here... -Chris?! | 0:07:32 | 0:07:35 | |
-..out of the ureter and into the bladder. -Chris! | 0:07:35 | 0:07:38 | |
My urine's darker than yours. | 0:07:38 | 0:07:40 | |
Oh, so it is. | 0:07:40 | 0:07:42 | |
I must have given you the dehydrated kidney. | 0:07:42 | 0:07:44 | |
I wanted to show everyone what happens | 0:07:44 | 0:07:46 | |
if you don't drink enough water. | 0:07:46 | 0:07:48 | |
Oh, I see, clever. | 0:07:48 | 0:07:49 | |
If your wee is dark in colour like this, it's a | 0:07:49 | 0:07:52 | |
pretty reliable sign that your body isn't getting enough water. | 0:07:52 | 0:07:56 | |
Being dehydrated is not good for you. | 0:07:56 | 0:07:58 | |
Your body works best when it has enough water. | 0:07:58 | 0:08:00 | |
Light-coloured wee, like on my nicely working kidney, | 0:08:00 | 0:08:03 | |
is a sign that you're well hydrated. | 0:08:03 | 0:08:05 | |
So, we've seen how your kidneys are an amazing filter, cleaning | 0:08:07 | 0:08:11 | |
up your blood and getting rid of things your body doesn't need. | 0:08:11 | 0:08:14 | |
And the wee they produce is a pretty good sign of | 0:08:14 | 0:08:16 | |
whether you should be drinking more water. | 0:08:16 | 0:08:18 | |
Light yellow wee is good. | 0:08:18 | 0:08:20 | |
Speaking of drinking more, I'd like a glass of orange juice, | 0:08:20 | 0:08:23 | |
now I have some oranges here for you to squeeze for me. | 0:08:23 | 0:08:26 | |
OK, Xand. | 0:08:26 | 0:08:28 | |
Wait a minute, he's forgotten the oranges. | 0:08:29 | 0:08:31 | |
Chris, you've forgotten the oranges! | 0:08:31 | 0:08:33 | |
In the UK, there are hundreds of rapid response medical | 0:08:38 | 0:08:40 | |
teams on standby. | 0:08:40 | 0:08:42 | |
And they have to get to the scene of an emergency in minutes. | 0:08:42 | 0:08:45 | |
Minutes?! Oh! | 0:08:45 | 0:08:47 | |
We're on call with the UK emergency services, | 0:08:52 | 0:08:55 | |
showing you what it's really like on the front line, saving lives. | 0:08:55 | 0:08:59 | |
On-call with me is paramedic Jan Vann. | 0:08:59 | 0:09:02 | |
Today I'm with the West Midlands Ambulance Service | 0:09:05 | 0:09:08 | |
and I'm in this special fast response vehicle to get | 0:09:08 | 0:09:11 | |
you to the scene of an emergency fast. | 0:09:11 | 0:09:13 | |
Chris...wrong vehicle. | 0:09:14 | 0:09:16 | |
Yes, this...this vehicle. | 0:09:18 | 0:09:20 | |
This is the one we're using, this one, like I said. | 0:09:20 | 0:09:23 | |
Jan alone can do 10 to 15 emergency call-outs in a day | 0:09:23 | 0:09:27 | |
and a new case is just in for a 76-year-old lady | 0:09:27 | 0:09:29 | |
with a dislocated hip. | 0:09:29 | 0:09:31 | |
We're almost there, It's amazing how quick Jan | 0:09:31 | 0:09:34 | |
and the fast response vehicle are. | 0:09:34 | 0:09:37 | |
Jan and I are quickly on the scene. | 0:09:37 | 0:09:39 | |
Hello. | 0:09:41 | 0:09:42 | |
Just went to move, move the cushion and it went. | 0:09:42 | 0:09:46 | |
So, poor Geraldine had a hip replacement, | 0:09:46 | 0:09:48 | |
so, a new hip put in, just a couple of months ago. | 0:09:48 | 0:09:53 | |
But it's already been dislocated once. | 0:09:53 | 0:09:55 | |
And it looks like it may have gone again. | 0:09:55 | 0:09:57 | |
-The same, when I touch? -A little bit. -A little bit? | 0:09:57 | 0:10:00 | |
So, when it dislocates, that means that the top of the thigh bone | 0:10:00 | 0:10:03 | |
comes out of the socket on the pelvis. | 0:10:03 | 0:10:05 | |
The muscles are so strong in the leg that it's impossible to put | 0:10:05 | 0:10:09 | |
it back in place without putting her under anaesthetic, so | 0:10:09 | 0:10:13 | |
she is going to have to go back in and have a very small operation. | 0:10:13 | 0:10:16 | |
And in the meantime, Jan can assess her and make sure there's no | 0:10:16 | 0:10:19 | |
damage to any of the nerves or blood vessels, and totally reassure | 0:10:19 | 0:10:22 | |
her, make sure she's safe before she goes into hospital. | 0:10:22 | 0:10:25 | |
Hello, there, come on in. | 0:10:25 | 0:10:26 | |
In no time at all, the ambulance has arrived to take Geraldine | 0:10:26 | 0:10:29 | |
to hospital. | 0:10:29 | 0:10:30 | |
We've got to do it all without causing her too much pain, | 0:10:30 | 0:10:33 | |
so that's why we've got this chair. | 0:10:33 | 0:10:36 | |
She's being phenomenally tough but this is not going to be comfortable. | 0:10:36 | 0:10:39 | |
-That's it. -And after some careful manoeuvring... | 0:10:39 | 0:10:42 | |
I've got you. I've got you. | 0:10:42 | 0:10:43 | |
..Geraldine is on her way. | 0:10:43 | 0:10:45 | |
So, a hip dislocation is just a phenomenally painful thing, | 0:10:48 | 0:10:52 | |
but the amazing skill of Jan and the other paramedics is to get her onto | 0:10:52 | 0:10:56 | |
that chair and into the ambulance without really increasing the pain. | 0:10:56 | 0:11:00 | |
And then she can get to hospital and have the problem fixed. | 0:11:00 | 0:11:03 | |
Still to come... | 0:11:07 | 0:11:08 | |
We have more tricks for your mind. | 0:11:08 | 0:11:10 | |
Give me a high five. | 0:11:10 | 0:11:11 | |
Chris is getting nosey. | 0:11:13 | 0:11:14 | |
Do you know why your body makes boogers? | 0:11:14 | 0:11:17 | |
And I need some help crossing the road. | 0:11:17 | 0:11:19 | |
Where is, where is the car? | 0:11:19 | 0:11:21 | |
Remember Jude with the stone in his ear? | 0:11:23 | 0:11:25 | |
Could be a rocky road to recovery. | 0:11:25 | 0:11:28 | |
Let's find out how he's getting on. | 0:11:31 | 0:11:33 | |
Back in Sheffield, six-year-old Jude has a stone stuck in his ear. | 0:11:36 | 0:11:40 | |
It was circle time at school. | 0:11:40 | 0:11:42 | |
Jude was daydreaming he was a tiny explorer in a carpet jungle | 0:11:42 | 0:11:46 | |
playing chase with a stone. | 0:11:46 | 0:11:48 | |
No, he wasn't, Xand. That was your fantasy, not Jude's. | 0:11:48 | 0:11:51 | |
He just picked up the stone and popped it in his ear. | 0:11:51 | 0:11:54 | |
The stone is in my ear still. | 0:11:54 | 0:11:56 | |
Earlier, the doctor tried to vacuum it out | 0:11:56 | 0:11:59 | |
but the stubborn stone wouldn't budge. | 0:11:59 | 0:12:01 | |
So Jude and Mum are back for a second go. | 0:12:01 | 0:12:05 | |
And here to try and rope in the rocky rascal is ear specialist | 0:12:05 | 0:12:08 | |
Mr Showkat Mirza. | 0:12:08 | 0:12:09 | |
-Shall we have a look at your ears, Jude? -Yeah. | 0:12:09 | 0:12:12 | |
-Would that be OK? -Yeah. | 0:12:12 | 0:12:13 | |
Mr Mirza looks for the lost stone. | 0:12:13 | 0:12:16 | |
And he looks and he looks. | 0:12:16 | 0:12:19 | |
What does he see, Chris? | 0:12:19 | 0:12:20 | |
It looked like he had a piece of wax deep in the ear. | 0:12:20 | 0:12:23 | |
So, there's so much wax in there it's hard to see anything. | 0:12:23 | 0:12:26 | |
But Mr Mirza has something for that. | 0:12:26 | 0:12:28 | |
So, I'm going to give you some drops for your ears, help clean them out. | 0:12:28 | 0:12:31 | |
It might even loosen whatever's in the ear | 0:12:31 | 0:12:33 | |
and then it all comes out, yeah? | 0:12:33 | 0:12:36 | |
-Right, say thank you, then, to the doctor. -Thank you. -You're welcome. | 0:12:36 | 0:12:39 | |
So Jude, whatever happened to that stone? | 0:12:39 | 0:12:41 | |
I don't know. | 0:12:41 | 0:12:43 | |
Jude heads home and hopefully the ear drops will work | 0:12:43 | 0:12:46 | |
and clear that ear. | 0:12:46 | 0:12:47 | |
And the very next morning. | 0:12:48 | 0:12:50 | |
That stone came out of my ear. | 0:12:52 | 0:12:55 | |
Whilst Jude was asleep, my husband basically pulled the stone | 0:12:56 | 0:12:59 | |
out of the ear. | 0:12:59 | 0:13:02 | |
The ear drops worked and dad was on hand to retrieve the stone. | 0:13:02 | 0:13:06 | |
He's good at fixing things. | 0:13:06 | 0:13:08 | |
BOTH DOCTORS: Bye, Jude. Bye, stone. | 0:13:10 | 0:13:12 | |
Bye-bye. | 0:13:12 | 0:13:14 | |
-Now we're going to mess with your minds... -It's weird. | 0:13:18 | 0:13:21 | |
..scramble your senses... | 0:13:21 | 0:13:23 | |
and baffle your brain. | 0:13:23 | 0:13:24 | |
In Mindbenders. | 0:13:25 | 0:13:28 | |
Now, Xand, are you hungry? Have you eaten lunch? | 0:13:28 | 0:13:30 | |
I have eaten lunch, Chris, | 0:13:30 | 0:13:32 | |
but there is always room for a little something more. | 0:13:32 | 0:13:34 | |
Well, that is good, Xand, cos I have a small treat for you. | 0:13:34 | 0:13:37 | |
A treat, well, what is it? | 0:13:37 | 0:13:39 | |
This... | 0:13:39 | 0:13:40 | |
A single butterbean. | 0:13:40 | 0:13:42 | |
How is that a treat? | 0:13:42 | 0:13:43 | |
Well, you said you only had room for something small | 0:13:43 | 0:13:45 | |
and anyway, this is a magic bean. | 0:13:45 | 0:13:47 | |
A magic bean? | 0:13:47 | 0:13:49 | |
In order to get this bean, Xand, | 0:13:50 | 0:13:52 | |
you have to take part in today's mind-bending experiment. | 0:13:52 | 0:13:55 | |
This is a very simple game. | 0:13:57 | 0:13:59 | |
There are three beans, one on each cup. | 0:13:59 | 0:14:01 | |
When I say so, you are going to put those three | 0:14:01 | 0:14:03 | |
beans into the other cup, OK? | 0:14:03 | 0:14:05 | |
Ready? Three, two, one...go. | 0:14:05 | 0:14:08 | |
Yes. | 0:14:12 | 0:14:13 | |
So that took you four and a half seconds, all right? | 0:14:13 | 0:14:16 | |
Now, I want you to put on the glasses that you can see | 0:14:16 | 0:14:18 | |
on the table. | 0:14:18 | 0:14:21 | |
-Now, do these look like normal glasses? -KIDS: -No. | 0:14:21 | 0:14:24 | |
No, they look a bit weird, don't they? | 0:14:24 | 0:14:26 | |
These vision-shifting glasses make everything appear | 0:14:26 | 0:14:29 | |
further to the left than it actually is. | 0:14:29 | 0:14:31 | |
So, let's try with my funky new specs. | 0:14:31 | 0:14:34 | |
Are you ready? Three, two, one...go. | 0:14:34 | 0:14:37 | |
Come on, Dr Xand. Come on. | 0:14:37 | 0:14:40 | |
Oh, come on, come on, come on. Come on. | 0:14:40 | 0:14:44 | |
Hurry, Xand, hurry, Xand. | 0:14:44 | 0:14:46 | |
And get it, get it, get it. | 0:14:46 | 0:14:48 | |
-Oh, that was pretty bad. -Did I do well? | 0:14:48 | 0:14:50 | |
Ten seconds. Ten seconds. | 0:14:50 | 0:14:52 | |
We repeat the experiment twice more. | 0:14:52 | 0:14:54 | |
Come on, Xandy. | 0:14:54 | 0:14:56 | |
And I complete it faster each time. | 0:14:56 | 0:14:58 | |
Oh, four and a half seconds. | 0:14:58 | 0:14:59 | |
He's now as quick with the glasses as he was without the glasses. | 0:14:59 | 0:15:02 | |
Now, let's try it again without the glasses. | 0:15:02 | 0:15:05 | |
Go. Come on, Xand. | 0:15:05 | 0:15:07 | |
So, everything should be back to normal, right? Wrong. | 0:15:07 | 0:15:10 | |
-Ah, Xand, you're rubbish at this. -What did I get? | 0:15:10 | 0:15:13 | |
That took you seven seconds. | 0:15:13 | 0:15:14 | |
So, Xand was actually worse at the end without the glasses. | 0:15:14 | 0:15:17 | |
Let's see how this lot get on. | 0:15:17 | 0:15:19 | |
OK, are they nice and tight? Give me a high five. | 0:15:19 | 0:15:24 | |
Go. Come on, Shona, let's go. | 0:15:24 | 0:15:26 | |
Just like Xand, our volunteers have trouble. | 0:15:26 | 0:15:29 | |
But get faster after a few goes. | 0:15:31 | 0:15:34 | |
Getting better. Oh, look at that. | 0:15:34 | 0:15:36 | |
With the glasses off... | 0:15:36 | 0:15:37 | |
Go! | 0:15:37 | 0:15:38 | |
How will they do now? The class are still struggling. | 0:15:38 | 0:15:42 | |
You were slower without the glasses. | 0:15:44 | 0:15:46 | |
Who thinks they understand now what's happening? | 0:15:47 | 0:15:50 | |
I think the brain is trying to get used to a different | 0:15:50 | 0:15:54 | |
way of looking at things, but if you take the glasses off then | 0:15:54 | 0:15:58 | |
it's kind of like you try and get in focus. | 0:15:58 | 0:16:00 | |
Naomi is almost right. | 0:16:00 | 0:16:02 | |
These glasses shift everything in Xand's visual world a little | 0:16:02 | 0:16:05 | |
bit to the left and that means when he puts them on, | 0:16:05 | 0:16:07 | |
his brain has to rewire itself so that this new world appears normal. | 0:16:07 | 0:16:12 | |
But then, when he takes them off, he has to re-rewire his brain | 0:16:12 | 0:16:15 | |
in order than his normal visual world appears normal once again. | 0:16:15 | 0:16:19 | |
So, this shows how quickly your brain adapts to | 0:16:19 | 0:16:21 | |
the changes around you. | 0:16:21 | 0:16:23 | |
I must say, Chris, after that I feel absolutely full of beans. | 0:16:23 | 0:16:26 | |
I mean, it's "bean" amazing. | 0:16:26 | 0:16:29 | |
Xand, I think that's enough with the bean puns. | 0:16:29 | 0:16:32 | |
I mean, you could almost say, when you explained it to everyone | 0:16:32 | 0:16:35 | |
at the end, that you had to... spill the beans. | 0:16:35 | 0:16:37 | |
Now, did you know skin is your body's largest organ? | 0:16:42 | 0:16:46 | |
It has a surface area of roughly two square metres. | 0:16:46 | 0:16:49 | |
That's about the size of a bedsheet. | 0:16:49 | 0:16:51 | |
We're at a theme park to solve your medical mysteries. | 0:16:57 | 0:17:01 | |
Xand is preparing the Ouch-mobile ready for his first patient. | 0:17:01 | 0:17:05 | |
And Chris is Ouch & About in the park | 0:17:05 | 0:17:07 | |
to answer your burning questions. | 0:17:07 | 0:17:09 | |
Wow, I'm impressed. | 0:17:09 | 0:17:11 | |
-Next patient, please. -Hello, Dr Xand. | 0:17:12 | 0:17:15 | |
First into the clinic, is Rosie, who's asking about her arms. | 0:17:15 | 0:17:19 | |
So Rosie, why have you come to the Ouch-mobile? | 0:17:19 | 0:17:21 | |
I've got some bumpy chicken skin on my arms and I want to know why. | 0:17:21 | 0:17:24 | |
It sounds like a case of... | 0:17:24 | 0:17:26 | |
Would you mind opening the eyelid for the Ouch-cam? | 0:17:29 | 0:17:33 | |
That's good. | 0:17:33 | 0:17:34 | |
Oh, yeah, look, Rosie's arm is red and bumpy. | 0:17:35 | 0:17:37 | |
I've had this since I was born and I don't know, really, much about it. | 0:17:37 | 0:17:41 | |
Do you know the actual name for this condition? | 0:17:41 | 0:17:44 | |
That's right. | 0:17:46 | 0:17:47 | |
Now, Keratosis refers to the idea of keratin, which is a protein | 0:17:47 | 0:17:51 | |
which covers your skin. | 0:17:51 | 0:17:52 | |
And keratin's a very tough protein, | 0:17:52 | 0:17:54 | |
so it's what fingernails are made of, | 0:17:54 | 0:17:56 | |
it's what rhino's horns are made of. | 0:17:56 | 0:17:57 | |
And you can see those bits of dry skin there, | 0:17:57 | 0:18:01 | |
all that flaky stuff, that's keratin. | 0:18:01 | 0:18:03 | |
Now, the keratin can block pores and follicles, | 0:18:03 | 0:18:07 | |
these little openings in your skin, and that causes bumps. | 0:18:07 | 0:18:11 | |
It's important to say this isn't a disease or an illness, | 0:18:11 | 0:18:14 | |
it's just a common, normal part of being a human being. | 0:18:14 | 0:18:17 | |
Most people at some point in their life get some of it. | 0:18:17 | 0:18:20 | |
So, Rosie, thank you very much for bringing your amazing | 0:18:20 | 0:18:22 | |
arms to the Ouch-mobile. | 0:18:22 | 0:18:23 | |
Thank you for having me. | 0:18:23 | 0:18:26 | |
Away from the clinic, Chris is Ouch & About in the park. | 0:18:26 | 0:18:29 | |
Any questions? Medical questions. | 0:18:29 | 0:18:31 | |
What are boogers made out of? | 0:18:31 | 0:18:33 | |
So, do you know why your body makes boogers? | 0:18:33 | 0:18:35 | |
It's to trap dust and insects and germs as you breathe them in, | 0:18:35 | 0:18:39 | |
so they don't get into your lungs. | 0:18:39 | 0:18:41 | |
So, it's just a sticky mess made of protein | 0:18:41 | 0:18:44 | |
and everything that you inhale sticks to it. | 0:18:44 | 0:18:47 | |
Back at the Ouch-mobile there's a new case in the waiting room. | 0:18:48 | 0:18:51 | |
Next patient, please. | 0:18:51 | 0:18:53 | |
And it's nine-year-old Jamie with a tale about his tum. | 0:18:53 | 0:18:56 | |
I have got an interesting scar on my tummy. | 0:18:58 | 0:19:01 | |
It sounds like a case of... | 0:19:01 | 0:19:03 | |
-Now, can we have a look? -Yeah. | 0:19:05 | 0:19:08 | |
So, what I want you to do, is lift up the eye for the Ouch-cam. | 0:19:08 | 0:19:11 | |
Jamie had an operation to take out a hernia a few years ago. | 0:19:13 | 0:19:16 | |
-Do you have any questions? -Yeah, what is a hernia? | 0:19:16 | 0:19:19 | |
What a hernia really is, is a little bit of the stuff that's in your | 0:19:19 | 0:19:25 | |
tummy, all inside here, your guts, poking through a hole in your wall. | 0:19:25 | 0:19:32 | |
So, it's sitting under his skin, not hanging out, but still | 0:19:32 | 0:19:35 | |
creating a lump, cos it's in a space where it shouldn't be. | 0:19:35 | 0:19:38 | |
Now that didn't cause you any problems, | 0:19:38 | 0:19:40 | |
so you think why do we need to do the hernia operation? | 0:19:40 | 0:19:43 | |
The reason we do the operation, is because, occasionally, | 0:19:43 | 0:19:46 | |
it can get twisted. | 0:19:46 | 0:19:47 | |
If you twist your guts, guess what? | 0:19:47 | 0:19:50 | |
The food can't get through, your guts get blocked up, | 0:19:50 | 0:19:53 | |
it gets very painful. | 0:19:53 | 0:19:54 | |
So we do the hernia operation to prevent you needing | 0:19:54 | 0:19:57 | |
an emergency operation. | 0:19:57 | 0:19:58 | |
Jamie, thank you very much for bringing in your cool scar | 0:19:58 | 0:20:01 | |
and your interesting hernia story. | 0:20:01 | 0:20:03 | |
Thank you, Dr Xand. | 0:20:03 | 0:20:05 | |
Job done for today. Clinic closed. | 0:20:06 | 0:20:08 | |
Your body is amazing, but sometimes it needs fixing. | 0:20:12 | 0:20:16 | |
All over the UK, there are special teams of professionals | 0:20:16 | 0:20:19 | |
trained to tackle medical mysteries. | 0:20:19 | 0:20:22 | |
There are around 25,000 blind or partially sighted kids in the UK. | 0:20:22 | 0:20:27 | |
Now, there are lots of different ways of being partially sighted. | 0:20:27 | 0:20:30 | |
Some kids will have a part of their vision missing entirely, | 0:20:30 | 0:20:33 | |
that's called a blind spot. | 0:20:33 | 0:20:34 | |
For other kids, their vision will look fuzzy or out of focus. | 0:20:34 | 0:20:38 | |
This can make everyday activities, such as texting or | 0:20:38 | 0:20:41 | |
walking down the street, less simple than they seem. | 0:20:41 | 0:20:44 | |
I've come to meet ten-year-old Ryan. | 0:20:44 | 0:20:47 | |
-Hi, Dr Chris, come in. -Thank you. | 0:20:47 | 0:20:50 | |
Ryan is partially sighted. | 0:20:50 | 0:20:51 | |
Everything looks blurry to him and it's worse in his right eye. | 0:20:51 | 0:20:55 | |
-Now, because you've got so much less vision in that eye... -Yeah. | 0:20:55 | 0:20:59 | |
Do you find, what we call depth perception, difficult? | 0:20:59 | 0:21:01 | |
Yes. I actually have none. | 0:21:01 | 0:21:05 | |
Depth perception allows you to judge how far away things are. | 0:21:05 | 0:21:08 | |
Can you get your fingers in front of your eyes and put them | 0:21:08 | 0:21:11 | |
together like that? | 0:21:11 | 0:21:12 | |
No. | 0:21:15 | 0:21:16 | |
You can try that at home. | 0:21:16 | 0:21:18 | |
Try and bring your fingers together and touch them. | 0:21:18 | 0:21:20 | |
You need both eyes working together. | 0:21:20 | 0:21:23 | |
If I close my eye, it's much, much harder. | 0:21:23 | 0:21:26 | |
Lack of depth perception | 0:21:26 | 0:21:27 | |
makes everyday activities a bit more difficult. | 0:21:27 | 0:21:30 | |
Luckily for Ryan, there are people like Sharon, | 0:21:30 | 0:21:33 | |
from the charity, Blind Children UK, to help. | 0:21:33 | 0:21:36 | |
-Has Sharon been helpful for you? -Yes. | 0:21:36 | 0:21:39 | |
What's she been showing you? | 0:21:39 | 0:21:40 | |
How to cross roads and how to cook and make drinks. | 0:21:40 | 0:21:45 | |
Ryan's carrying a cane to let other people know that he's | 0:21:45 | 0:21:48 | |
partially sighted. | 0:21:48 | 0:21:49 | |
And he uses parked vehicles, as they offer some protection whilst | 0:21:49 | 0:21:53 | |
allowing him to take up a good seeing | 0:21:53 | 0:21:55 | |
and hearing position on the road. | 0:21:55 | 0:21:56 | |
-Do you want to show me how to cross the road? -OK. | 0:21:56 | 0:21:59 | |
Well, first we'll feel if the engine's on or off. | 0:21:59 | 0:22:01 | |
OK. | 0:22:01 | 0:22:03 | |
We make sure it's off and we stand at the front, | 0:22:03 | 0:22:05 | |
so if the driver is in it, he'll see us. | 0:22:05 | 0:22:07 | |
Yeah, and so if he reverses we won't get flattened, either. | 0:22:07 | 0:22:11 | |
Right. So this is all about not getting flattened. | 0:22:11 | 0:22:14 | |
Yes. | 0:22:14 | 0:22:16 | |
No flattening. | 0:22:16 | 0:22:17 | |
Now, we're going to use our hand to trail along to the edge of the car. | 0:22:17 | 0:22:21 | |
-So down, good. -So, now, what do we do, Ryan? | 0:22:22 | 0:22:25 | |
We are going to look and listen for a car. | 0:22:25 | 0:22:29 | |
-So what do you think, are we safe to cross? -No. | 0:22:29 | 0:22:32 | |
-Aren't we? -No. | 0:22:32 | 0:22:34 | |
Oh, look at that, Ryan's completely right. | 0:22:34 | 0:22:37 | |
I would have crossed the road. | 0:22:37 | 0:22:39 | |
Ryan just heard a car before I did, | 0:22:39 | 0:22:41 | |
that I would have just walked out in front of. | 0:22:41 | 0:22:43 | |
How about now? Are we safe to cross? | 0:22:43 | 0:22:44 | |
-Yes. -Off we go. | 0:22:44 | 0:22:48 | |
Ryan relies on his hearing as compensation for his lack of vision. | 0:22:48 | 0:22:52 | |
-Great job. -Thank you. | 0:22:52 | 0:22:53 | |
How about a high five. Life saved. | 0:22:53 | 0:22:56 | |
Chris, would you like to know what it's like to just use your hearing? | 0:22:56 | 0:22:59 | |
Yeah, I would. Oh, an eye mask. | 0:22:59 | 0:23:01 | |
Thank you very much. | 0:23:01 | 0:23:03 | |
Of course, I'm not actually going to cross the road, | 0:23:03 | 0:23:06 | |
as that would be dangerous. | 0:23:06 | 0:23:07 | |
Also, Ryan is very used to his condition, | 0:23:07 | 0:23:09 | |
so I reckon I'm at an disadvantage here. | 0:23:09 | 0:23:12 | |
Where is... where is the car? | 0:23:13 | 0:23:14 | |
Here we go, OK I've got the car. | 0:23:14 | 0:23:16 | |
I can definitely hear a car now. | 0:23:19 | 0:23:21 | |
I absolutely cannot tell what's a car coming toward us, | 0:23:25 | 0:23:28 | |
what's that car going away. | 0:23:28 | 0:23:30 | |
I would say it is now safe to cross. | 0:23:30 | 0:23:33 | |
-It is safe to cross. -It is safe to cross, OK. | 0:23:33 | 0:23:37 | |
I have to say, I do not feel confident, even with you | 0:23:37 | 0:23:39 | |
and Ryan advising me. | 0:23:39 | 0:23:40 | |
There are other practical things that can help Ryan be more | 0:23:41 | 0:23:45 | |
independent as well, like gadgets. | 0:23:45 | 0:23:47 | |
So, Ryan, what are we doing here? | 0:23:47 | 0:23:49 | |
Learning how to use a liquid level indicator. | 0:23:49 | 0:23:53 | |
A liquid level indicator. | 0:23:53 | 0:23:55 | |
As the water gets near the rim the emitter lets off a beep to | 0:23:56 | 0:23:59 | |
let Ryan know the glass is almost full. | 0:23:59 | 0:24:02 | |
-BEEPING -Oh, hello. | 0:24:02 | 0:24:04 | |
The indicator then makes a second faster beep when the liquid | 0:24:04 | 0:24:07 | |
reaches the top of the glass and that's useful for adding squash. | 0:24:07 | 0:24:11 | |
-Here. -Oh, wow, now we're really about to spill. | 0:24:11 | 0:24:13 | |
FASTER BEEPING | 0:24:13 | 0:24:15 | |
Is this your kind of music? | 0:24:15 | 0:24:17 | |
Yeah. | 0:24:17 | 0:24:19 | |
That is literally the worst dance tune I've ever heard. | 0:24:19 | 0:24:22 | |
Yeah. | 0:24:22 | 0:24:24 | |
It's easy to forget how much we use our eyes for even the smallest | 0:24:24 | 0:24:28 | |
things and for blind or partially sighted kids, like Ryan, these | 0:24:28 | 0:24:32 | |
little things can be really tricky. | 0:24:32 | 0:24:34 | |
Luckily with gadgets and special mobility training, | 0:24:34 | 0:24:37 | |
Ryan can get on with the more important things in life, | 0:24:37 | 0:24:39 | |
like dancing to the sound of his liquid level indicator. | 0:24:39 | 0:24:44 | |
In accident and emergency, there's another | 0:24:47 | 0:24:49 | |
patient in need of some help. | 0:24:49 | 0:24:51 | |
-Let's go and meet him. -Tim? He's called Mohammed. | 0:24:51 | 0:24:53 | |
In Liverpool, nine-year-old Mohammed, is in accident | 0:24:56 | 0:24:59 | |
and emergency after a fall at a fairground. | 0:24:59 | 0:25:01 | |
I fell and twisted my leg. | 0:25:02 | 0:25:05 | |
Let's find out more about Mohammed's agonising injury. | 0:25:05 | 0:25:09 | |
It was a beautiful sunny day. | 0:25:09 | 0:25:11 | |
Hang on, Chris, wasn't it the school holidays? | 0:25:11 | 0:25:13 | |
-Oh, yeah. -That's better. | 0:25:13 | 0:25:15 | |
Perfect. So, Mohammed and his family went to the local funfair. | 0:25:15 | 0:25:20 | |
Oh, look, there's candyfloss, my favourite. | 0:25:20 | 0:25:23 | |
There are lots of rides, too. | 0:25:23 | 0:25:24 | |
Can we go on the carousel? Or the pirate ship? | 0:25:24 | 0:25:28 | |
Xander, we're not there. | 0:25:28 | 0:25:29 | |
Mohammed is, and he's on a bouncy castle slide. | 0:25:29 | 0:25:33 | |
Whee! | 0:25:33 | 0:25:34 | |
He was having great fun bouncing up and down the slide, | 0:25:34 | 0:25:37 | |
but then he bounced off the bottom and twisted his leg when he landed. | 0:25:37 | 0:25:41 | |
Ouch! | 0:25:41 | 0:25:43 | |
It hurts a lot. | 0:25:43 | 0:25:44 | |
Here to delve a little deeper, is consultant, Mr Andrew Dapaah. | 0:25:44 | 0:25:48 | |
Where is it most painful? | 0:25:48 | 0:25:50 | |
On the top, here. | 0:25:50 | 0:25:52 | |
Mr Dapaah checks how much movement Mohammed has in his leg. | 0:25:52 | 0:25:55 | |
Can you just move your toes for me? | 0:25:55 | 0:25:57 | |
-OK. -Yeah, very good. | 0:25:57 | 0:26:00 | |
Can you move your whole foot up a little bit? | 0:26:00 | 0:26:03 | |
He's not managing to move it much there, Chris. | 0:26:03 | 0:26:05 | |
-Is that painful? -Yeah. -OK. | 0:26:05 | 0:26:07 | |
Mohammed has had some X-rays and it's clear there's a nasty break. | 0:26:07 | 0:26:12 | |
Our X-rays have shown that he's got what | 0:26:12 | 0:26:14 | |
we call a spiral fracture of his... | 0:26:14 | 0:26:17 | |
Just at the bottom of his leg. | 0:26:17 | 0:26:19 | |
Mohammed has a spiral fracture of the tibia, | 0:26:19 | 0:26:22 | |
the big bone in his lower leg. | 0:26:22 | 0:26:24 | |
A spiral fracture is caused by a twisting force along the bone. | 0:26:24 | 0:26:29 | |
This kind of fracture is different, because the break is circular, | 0:26:29 | 0:26:32 | |
not straight. | 0:26:32 | 0:26:34 | |
Mohammed, you're doing fantastic, well done. | 0:26:34 | 0:26:36 | |
So, now, Mohammed's getting a temporary cast called a back | 0:26:36 | 0:26:39 | |
slab, so if his leg swells up, it won't get squashed. | 0:26:39 | 0:26:41 | |
OK, you're all done there, mister. | 0:26:42 | 0:26:45 | |
And then it's off to X-ray to make sure the cast is holding | 0:26:45 | 0:26:48 | |
the bones in the correct position. | 0:26:48 | 0:26:50 | |
Nice and still. Lovely, all done. | 0:26:50 | 0:26:53 | |
And the verdict from the new X-ray? | 0:26:53 | 0:26:55 | |
That all looks fine. | 0:26:55 | 0:26:58 | |
I've chatted to my bosses about it, so we'll let you go home | 0:26:58 | 0:27:01 | |
and then we'll see you back in a few days. | 0:27:01 | 0:27:05 | |
-Is that all right? -OK, yeah. | 0:27:05 | 0:27:07 | |
And have we learned any lessons, Mohammed? | 0:27:07 | 0:27:09 | |
I won't be going on a bouncy castle slide any more... | 0:27:09 | 0:27:13 | |
Ever again. | 0:27:13 | 0:27:15 | |
Fair enough. | 0:27:15 | 0:27:16 | |
Mohammed's cast will be swapped in a few days for a full plaster one, | 0:27:17 | 0:27:21 | |
but, for now, Mohammed and his temporary set of wheels | 0:27:21 | 0:27:24 | |
-are off home. -Bye, Mohammed. -Bye. | 0:27:24 | 0:27:28 | |
Next time on Operation Ouch... | 0:27:28 | 0:27:30 | |
Meet our tiny new lab assistant. | 0:27:30 | 0:27:32 | |
I've got mini-Xand to help me. | 0:27:32 | 0:27:34 | |
More brains are baffled in Mindbenders. | 0:27:36 | 0:27:38 | |
That's crazy. | 0:27:38 | 0:27:40 | |
And find out how scientists fight infectious disease. | 0:27:40 | 0:27:44 | |
I'm about to show you how we do it. | 0:27:44 | 0:27:46 | |
So, we'll see you next time. | 0:27:48 | 0:27:50 | |
For more Operation Ouch! | 0:27:50 | 0:27:52 | |
Chris, wait for me! | 0:27:52 | 0:27:56 | |
Chris, would you like another glass of orange juice? | 0:28:00 | 0:28:03 | |
Yes. | 0:28:03 | 0:28:04 | |
Mmm! Smooth. | 0:28:08 | 0:28:10 |