Terrific Teeth Operation Ouch!

He's Dr Chris.

He's Dr Xand.

Yes, he's still got his beard.

And we're still identical twins!

Your body is amazing and we're going to show you why.

We are head-to-head in Operation Takeover.

BOTH: Man overboard!

Ouch And About hits the wards.

What kind of ambulance did you get?

I didn't get an ambulance, I got a helicopter.

First aid is back.

We do need to get Xand to hospital.

Meet our brilliant new Ouch patients.

I'm off to my physio appointment.

And our lab experiments...

Argh!

..will blow your mind.

That's an amazing view.

Are you ready to join us?

I can't see a thing!

-Coming up today...

-..on Operation Ouch!

We have liftoff.

We are now at maximum altitude.

We take the plunge.

That's not good.

And we get our teeth stuck into things.

That's disgusting. But first...

The doctors and nurses in A&E never know what's around the next corner.

-Oh!

-Ow!

BOTH: Let's find out, shall we?

Today, waiting with his mum in the emergency department

is nine-year-old Will,

who is mad about motocross.

I love riding my bike all the time.

If someone said to quit, I'd just look at them, like...

-..like that.

-You're clearly bonkers about bikes, Will,

but isn't it a bit dangerous?

In the last few months, I've had about four breakages.

Two collarbones, my patella and my tibia.

Crikey! What's happened this time?

I banged my kneecap on a big rock.

Ooh. Let's find out more.

Will was competing in the British Motocross Youth Championships in

-Oxfordshire.

-Chris, I'm loving the safety gear.

Yes, even down to the blue gloves.

The race began. And here comes number 31, it's Will.

He's coming from the back.

He's moving further up the field.

Chris, you're really getting into this.

It's all so exciting!

Will's into sixth place.

-Go, Will!

-He's accelerating hard.

Oh, no! It's turned into a wheelie!

The bike is out of control!

-Yikes!

-Number 31 is off his bike.

He's landed knee first onto a rock.

Ouch.

Will went straight to the nearest hospital and had X-rays taken soon

-after he was injured.

-They said it was a broken patella.

Your patella is your kneecap, in case you were wondering.

So, it's off to see bone specialist Dr Janet Cumberland to find out for

-sure.

-So when I look at your X-ray,

it doesn't jump out at me as being a break at the end of the kneecap.

That could be good news, Xand.

Dr Janet cuts off Will's plaster to take a closer look.

-Does that hurt your hip at all?

-No.

-If I do that, does that hurt?

-Not really.

-And when I pressed on the end of his kneecap,

it didn't really hurt them very much.

-You point to where that hurts.

-Here.

But it did hurt him over the bruised bits.

Although Dr Alison doesn't think Will's bone is broken,

she is still concerned and want to send him for some fresh X-rays.

If we do the X-rays in another position,

we can see if there is fluid in the knee, rather than a broken bone.

Find out later how Will gets on.

So be proud of your gnashers.

And now to our lab.

It's time for some big body experiments.

Some of them gory... This is not for the squeamish.

Some extreme.

It's freezing! We are ready.

Are you?

Just don't try anything you see here at home.

Oh, Chris, you're just in time.

-It's 2.30.

-So?

You know what happens at 2.30.

Erm, is it time for your nap?

No, at 2.30 - tooth hurty - we go to the dentist.

Tooth hurty. Anyway, come on, we've got to get an X-ray of your teeth.

-Fine, OK.

-To the cupboard of everything.

-Hi, Annie.

-Hi, Chris.

Wow, there really is everything in your cupboard, Xand.

X-ray complete.

Now this is called an orthopantomogram.

Oh, no, it isn't!

Oh, yes, it's... It's not that kind of panto, Xand!

The panto stands for the technique used, panoramic tomography.

Now, the amazing thing about this is that you can see the whole tooth.

If you look in your mouth, you can actually see the top third,

that's the crown, the white bit.

But on the X-ray, we can see what's below the gum.

Your teeth have roots and they're twice as long as the crown.

Now, that X-ray is really cool, Chris,

but there is a lot more going on inside your tooth

and I'm going to show you using

this huge model.

But, Xand, we don't need a huge model

because today we've got the real thing.

This is a tooth that's been given to us by a dentist

-that's been cut in half.

-What?!

You cut the dentist in half?!

No, Xand, the tooth has been cut in half.

The dentist is absolutely fine.

Phew! Now, your teeth are made of amazing stuff.

The glossy white surface layer is called enamel.

It protects the whole tooth and it's the hardest substance in your entire

body, but it can be worn away by acidic drinks and sugary foods

and it won't grow back once it's gone, so look after it.

Now, underneath is the layer called the dentine,

and underneath the dentine is the pulp,

and they're sensitive layers of living tissue

and they support the enamel.

They both contain nerves,

which means that problems in your teeth can be painful.

But have you ever noticed that your teeth are different shapes?

-Why is that?

-Well, we're going to show you!

Only an edible experiment can answer that question.

Ta-da!

-Why are you wearing that?

-We need to have a good close-up look...

What Xand is trying to say is that he's ready for the experiment and he

wants to have a good, close-up look at the different shapes of teeth,

so he's using a mouth stretcher.

-That's what I said!

-So let's have a look at the four different types of

teeth in Xand's mouth, because they all do different jobs.

At the front, we have incisors, four at the top and four at the bottom.

Just behind the incisors, there are canines,

and then just behind the canines,

the premolars and just behind the premolars are the molars.

But why do we need these four different types of teeth?

Well, we're going to find out in...

Our terrific tooth testing test!

We're going to see what happens when we bite and chew different foods

using our teeth, but not our normal teeth of different shapes.

We're going to be using...

These!

We both have a custom made set of gnashers,

but they're made up of only one type of tooth.

Xand has a full set of molars,

so he's Team Molar.

Chris has a mouth of canines...

so he's Team Canine.

Our challenge is to bite into a range of food and chew it.

Reveal the food.

Then, rather than swallowing the food,

we'll spit it out and see which type of tooth has worked best.

First up, a sandwich.

Mmm.

With soft food, Team Molar chews brilliantly,

whereas Team Canine can bite but definitely can't chew.

What you can see there is

a perfect bite of sandwich completely un-chewed.

What about eating a hard apple?

I can't get any. I can't get any apple.

Team Molar is really bad at biting and team canine has a good bite,

but can't chew it.

You should give it to me and I can't chew it up for you.

What, and then give it back to me and I could swallow it?

No, that's disgusting.

And it's the same story with a steak.

I can tear it off easily, but then I can't chew it.

Watch.

Well, I can chew it, but I can't actually get a piece off.

-You're just pulverising it.

-So, who won that one, then, Chris?

Well, I don't think either of us did very well, did we?

What a disaster.

It proved exactly what we wanted, Xand.

Only having one shape of tooth makes eating impossible.

You need your sharp, pointy canines at the front for biting

and then your flat, wide molars at the back for mashing food up.

So, we've shown you that the crowns of your teeth are covered in a hard

layer called enamel and inside your teeth

you have layers called dentine and pulp, which are packed with nerves.

And we've shown you that you have four types of teeth for a very good

reason. Different shaped teeth have different jobs and only by working

together can you eat safely.

Well, Chris, what better way to celebrate our teeth

than with a brand-new profile picture?

What do you think?

Meet Caiden, Maisie, Bolu and Millie.

We are following them across the series

as they let us know what it's like

to be a regular hospital outpatient.

They're inviting us into their lives at home and as they undergo

treatment. We're catching up with 11-year-old Maisie.

-Hello.

-She has coeliac disease, which means she can't eat gluten,

found in wheat, barley and rye.

So I'm going to make myself my lunch for school.

I have some brownie which I made last night, gluten-free,

and I'm going to have some home-made gluten-free chicken nuggets

that my mum did last night.

I'll have a fruit salad and some cucumber and a bag of crisps as well

and these are really good because

they have the gluten-free symbol on them.

Maisie's lunch is often different to her school friends because many

things they eat contain gluten.

So here's what Jess has got.

She's got some crisps which I wouldn't be able to eat.

This foil had a sandwich in it

and I couldn't have had it because bread is

not naturally gluten-free because it has flour in it,

which has wheat in it, which would make me really ill,

so all I would have been able to eat out of this lunch would have been

the banana.

It's important Maisie eats the correct food

so her body can extract energy

from it like the rest of her class.

So we've just eaten our lunch,

we've come outside to play a big game of netball.

Now, if I had have eaten something with gluten in my lunch,

then I wouldn't have been able to do this and I would have been stuck

inside and probably waiting for my mum to come and pick me up to take

me home so I could get back in bed,

cos I wouldn't be feeling well at all.

Find out how Maisie gets on next time when she visits her dietician.

Thanks for coming and visiting me in my school.

-Bye!

-Bye!

Remember Will with his sore knee?

-No.

-Will, with the sore knee.

-No, I don't think so.

-You just met him.

Oh, you mean Sore Knee Will?

With his sore knee? Down in the sore knee department?

-Let's find out how he's getting on.

-Why didn't you say so?

Earlier in the emergency department,

Will came in with his left leg in limbo.

Yes, that's him, Sore Knee Will.

Shh, Xand. What did the doctor say?

They said it was a broken patella.

Will was competing in the British motocross youth championships.

He fell off his bike and bashed his knee on a rock.

Ouch! Doctors thought Will might have broken his patella -

or kneecap -

so he was sent to see an orthopaedic doctor who specialises in bones.

Point to where that's hurting.

Here.

Radiographer Andrew takes X-rays from different angles

to help Dr Janet find the cause of Will's pain.

That's lovely. OK, all finished now.

Now it's time for the results.

What I can see on the X-ray is that you've got lots of soft tissue

swelling around here and you haven't got anything that suggests that

you've got a broken bone inside the knee.

No break is good news,

but a soft tissue injury can take just as long to heal.

A soft tissue injury can involve damage to muscles,

ligaments and tendons around the bone.

They usually come from a sprain, strain or a whack to the skin,

like Will got to his knee.

It can swell, bruise and be really painful.

So what's the plan, Doc?

So what we're going to do with you is,

we're going to put you in something called a range of movement brace.

It will protect your leg and will protect your knee.

Great news.

So, Will heads off for his special leg brace.

It will allow him some of movement, but with support.

Can I get you just to pop your fingers there for me?

This will encourage his muscles to heal without further damage to the

-injury.

-So you'll find that when you start moving your leg,

your knee will actually bend a little bit,

but it will stop at certain points, it's not going to keep bending.

All fixed up. What have you learned, fella?

I've learnt to not go as fast around corners,

keep it nice and smooth with the bike.

Sounds like a plan.

-Take care.

-Bye.

Bye!

Still to come...

Ouch patient Kaden has his checkup.

Now we're just getting all my medication.

And Chris takes to the skies. Well, sort of.

I completely forgot that we weren't in the air.

-But now...

-Amazing people do lots of important jobs inside and outside

hospitals that help to keep you safe.

But what will happen when we have a go?

I feel a bit silly.

This is...

Can you guess who today's hero is? Well, I'll give you a clue.

They might save you if you're wearing one of these...

And these...

..and some of these.

Aaargh!

Well, it's lucky I was wearing my swimming trunks today.

Did you guess it? We're about to take over the job of today's hero,

lifeguard Donna.

Being a lifeguard isn't just about watching out for rule breakers like

Xand, it's about saving lives.

Donna's a lifeguard training manager,

so she's an expert in spotting swimmers in trouble

and giving medical attention for all sorts of injuries.

Common things are nosebleeds.

People run down the side of the pool, slip over.

We might have people that can't really swim very well,

so we might have to do minor rescues.

We might have some older swimmers that might have heart conditions.

We go right from the very mundane to the life-threatening and serious.

So we're going to be lifeguards later.

What do we need to know?

So a big one is communicating.

We'd use the whistle.

One short whistle blast gets the attention of a bather.

Two short whistle blasts...

I need to talk to another member of my lifeguard team,

get their attention for something in the pool.

And then three short whistle blasts...

..I might need to go in and do a rescue

and I need to tell everybody that's where I'm going.

Can I have a green whistle?

If you like, yes.

Thank goodness for that.

Next step, use a really high chair to get a brilliant view.

The lifeguards are constantly watching the pool.

We use scanning patterns as well, so we might do a side to side motion,

we might do up and down the pool.

They're constantly changing the way they're doing things

to keep themselves aware.

And finally, for more serious cases,

use the really important rescue board

to help get casualties out of the water safely.

We're really worried more about spinal injury,

so by having them on board,

we've got them supported and we can strap them

so they don't move any more,

we're not going to make that injury any worse.

The lifeguards secure the straps gently, but tightly,

around the casualty to prevent causing more injury.

Thanks, Donna. There's a lot to remember.

We've seen how important the lifeguards are

at keeping us safe while we're swimming

and how they respond to emergencies.

But how will Chris and I do when we're thrown in the deep end?

Get it? Get it?

It's time for us to take over as lifeguards.

Our challenge is to spot if someone's in danger,

use the correct whistle signals to alert the other lifeguards to help.

And use the rescue board to get a swimmer

with a suspected spinal injury

out of the water quickly and safely.

Xand, have you got a handle on the different whistle signals?

Go on, test me. Test me.

-It's lunchtime!

-This could be embarrassing.

With extra poolside lifeguards on hand to keep swimmers safe,

Donna will be judging our every move and picking a winner.

Chris, you're up first.

Lifeguard Keiran is pretending to be an injured swimmer.

Will Chris spot him?

WHISTLE BLOWS THREE TIMES

He got the right number of whistles on that one.

Three whistles means he's on his way in.

What are you doing now, Chris?

So I almost strapped Sam to the board.

Sam's just one of the lifeguards helping, not the patient.

Sorry, Sam.

Oh, beginner's error, eh, Donna?

-Head strap's a little bit slow.

-Uh-oh. Quicker, Chris!

He's not doing too well at the moment.

Oh, dear. You need a strong finish here, Chris.

-What do you think, Donna?

-He's a little bit on the loose side.

-A bit loose, really?

-A bit loose.

-These are really loose.

-Oh, really?

Well, that's not good. Time to move aside, Chris,

and watch how the master does it.

Yeah, right! Your turn.

Here comes our fake casualty.

Have you seen him, Xand?

Xand?

Xand!

Oh, oh, oh...

WHISTLE BLOWS TWICE

Two whistles to get the other lifeguards' attention...

He's given the right signal.

..and another three to say he's on his way.

He's run right past the board!

-Oh, Xand!

-That's not good.

He's quickly got the chest strap on

and now he's going for the head strap.

Really jerking those straps into place now.

Whoa, there. Careful.

-Oh.

-This is going to be a tight contest.

Time to see who came out on top.

A few things from both of you.

Chris, you started off really well.

It all fell apart a little bit when you got the board in, though.

And then when we lifted out, the straps were quite loose.

But, Xand, it was a little bit the other way around for you.

The guy was face down in the water for quite a while

before you reacted.

You ran right past the board and had to come back for it,

but putting it in didn't go too badly.

So your verdict for today, guys...

..it's a draw.

-A draw?

-We were both equally amazing.

Yes, or equally rubbish.

We learned a lot today, but I would say that, overall, Donna,

it is best if we leave it to the experts.

Xand, let's hand our whistles back.

Hi, I'm Kaden.

Last time, we met ten-year-old Kaden, who has cystic fibrosis.

Cystic fibrosis is something that affects your lungs.

His lungs produce a thick, sticky mucus,

which can make it hard to breathe and lead to infections.

Kaden has regular visits to Sheffield Children's Hospital

to check on his condition.

I'm about to get my checkup that I have every six weeks.

First up, he has a spirometry test

to measure how his lungs are functioning.

This machine, like, counts my blows

to see if I can breathe properly and all of that.

Well done.

Kaden has something called a port under his armpit.

A port is like a little socket that goes under the skin with a tube

that leads directly into Kaden's blood vessels.

The port is to make it easier so that they don't have to stick

needles in my arm or in my hand, or anywhere else.

So doctors can insert Kaden's antibiotics

directly into his veins without him having lots of injections.

It's really important that the port is kept clean, so today,

he's having it flushed out with saline.

It's a bit cold and it feels a bit weird, but it's all fine now.

-See you in six weeks.

-Bye-bye!

There's one more stop for Kaden before he goes home.

Now we're just getting all my medication.

Wow, two bags full of medicine.

Yup, but all of this is to help clear Kaden's lungs

and treat his condition.

Bye, see you next time.

Today, I'm getting on a plane, but not just any old plane.

I... What are you doing?

Well, you're not going on holiday without me and Mr Grumbles.

We've been looking forward to a little time in the sun.

Xand, we are not going on holiday.

I am getting on a special kind of plane,

-one that turns into a hospital.

-Oh, I see.

This is awkward. Will you be needing this?

No, I won't, Xand.

It's time for Investigation Ouch!

Today, I'm at RAF Brize Norton, the largest RAF station in the UK,

home to the RAF's tactical medical wing.

Meet the flight medical team.

And Sergeant Chris is part of this heroic crew.

Chris, what is the tactical medical wing?

So, the tactical medical wing will provide medical support

to personnel all around the world.

This kind of medical care is really complex.

How do you train for it?

So we'll do a practical scenario on board a real aircraft,

-like we're going to do today.

-Can I have a look?

-Absolutely.

-Fantastic.

This is the C-17.

At about 53 metres long and wide,

it's almost twice the size of a blue whale.

This plane not only needs to carry everything from tanks

to helicopters, troops to supplies,

amazingly, it also doubles up as a hospital.

So you can see behind me they're building the stretcher stanchions

to act almost as bunks for patients,

but the remarkable thing is that it can support

the most severely injured patients of all,

people who need life-support.

It only takes ten minutes to turn this plane into a hospital.

We're in Nepal. It might not look much like Nepal,

but that's where today's scenario is taking place.

So some military personnel were on an expedition,

there's been an earthquake and they have different levels of injury and

they're being treated to get them ready and fit to fly.

This casualty has two broken legs,

but there are other patients with even more serious injuries

and they're whisked away to the plane.

So Mary's had a head injury she got in the earthquake,

and so she is now fully stabilised.

She's got a neck brace on to keep her spine stable

and she's got an oxygen mask.

And the team are now putting on monitors

so that she can be cared for in exactly the same way

that she would be in a big hospital in the UK.

It is totally remarkable.

If this was a real situation,

we'd now take off and head home with the casualties.

So unlike the kind of aircraft that you may have been on,

all the seats are along the side

and that creates space in the middle

either for cargo or for patients.

We are now at maximum altitude.

You can go along with your business.

During the flight, the medics keep the patient stable and safe.

So, because Mary's got a head injury and she may have other severe

injuries, the team have put her in this amazing vacuum mattress,

which is full of little polystyrene balls.

They've sucked the air out of it and now this is squeezing her and partly

it protects her from the effects of being in a bumpy aeroplane.

It will make her more comfortable

and make her injuries less likely to get worse.

How are you feeling, Mary?

-I'm all right.

-You're all right?

It's amazing that patients can be treated exactly as if they were in

hospital, except they're thousands of feet up in the air.

Training like this is fantastically important

for getting things right in a real emergency

and these guys have done such a good job that I basically

completely forgot that we weren't in the air until I look out the window.

Yup, that's definitely not Nepal.

Let's head back to the emergency department.

It's time for the next patient.

Well, come on, Chris, what are you waiting for?!

Over in the emergency department,

11-year-old Lily and her mum are looking rather...happy.

What's happened, Lily?

I fell on my hand and it really, really hurts now.

It is a bit of a mystery, to be honest.

A mystery? Well, panic not, Lily, Inspector Xand's on the case.

It all began two weeks ago.

Meet suspect A, the bed.

Lily woke up in her bedroom

and managed to tumble straight off the side, landing on her wrist.

-Ouch!

-Shush, Chris. This isn't over yet.

Righty-ho.

14 days later, enter suspect B, the dance class.

I knew it!

Lily was doing a handstand in school when her wrist buckled

underneath her and she fell over.

-Double ouch!

-You're very clumsy, aren't you?

I fall over a lot.

Mystery solved! Lily's accident prone.

Let's get Doctor Suhail Habib to check out her wrist.

-That hurts.

-It hurts here?

So there is a bit of bruise there and there's mild swelling.

The only way we can find out whether it's fractured or not

-is to get an X-ray.

-I've had them before.

Oh, you've had them before?

Yeah, I've had one on them two fingers and one on them two fingers.

Crikey, Lily, have you broken anywhere else?

-My toe.

-I see.

And then I ended up putting a pork chop on it as well.

-Pork chop?

-We didn't have no ice or no peas, so we used a pork chop.

Yeah, that were a good one, weren't it?

That were a really good one.

There are 29 bones to check in the X-ray.

Two big bones in your lower arm, the radius and the ulna.

Eight bones in your wrist called the carpals.

Five metacarpals in the back of your hand

and 14 phalanges bones in your fingers.

I'll get you back to the other doctor.

I've got my phalanges crossed that nothing's broken.

-What do you reckon, Lily?

-Broken?

-Mum?

-I think it's not broken.

Mum has won.

So it's not broken, which is good news, yeah.

But that doesn't mean that there's no injury,

so you have got some injury to the soft tissues.

To heal the soft tissue around her bone,

Lily needs to rest and use a cold compress to reduce the swelling.

It looks like you need another pork chop, Lily.

But don't forget to wrap it in a tea towel.

-BOTH:

-Bye!

Next time on Operation Ouch! - we get in a right muddle...

-Chris, I've messed up.

-I feel a bit silly.

We're on a quest for medical quirks...

Wow, that is a big mouth!

..and things get a bit hairy.

What is on your face?!

So we'll see you next time for more Operation Ouch!

Oh, no, have we missed the end?

I thought so.

Now that you've looked at Chris's teeth,

would you mind having a look at mine?

I've got a real problem with them.

-What's the problem?

-They won't stop chattering.

You and Chris look really annoyed!