Pennod 3 Rhyfel Mawr Trwy Lygaid Ifanc

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-The First World War started

-a hundred years ago, in 1914.

-The war changed the lives

-of men, women and children forever.

-Children and young people

-from all over Europe...

-..described their experiences

-in diaries and letters.

-These are the stories of

-the Great War through their eyes.

-Frieda Hartmann

-was a 12-year-old girl...

-..from Todtnau in Freiburg,

-Germany.

-The time has finally come.

-For months, my sister Luise

-trained to join the Red Cross.

-Now she can really get to work,

-and I'm going to help her.

-Frieda, hurry!

-It was much worse than I expected.

-THE PAIN

-Never had I seen so many wounded.

-All those tired and sad faces.

-So much pain.

-The soldiers needed urgent help.

-Did you ask her?

-Look, I'm busy!

-But will you ask her? You promised.

-Yes.

-What are you wearing?

-The front line was horrific...

-..not just because

-of enemy bullets and bombs.

-The soldiers weren't having

-enough sleep or food.

-They rarely had the chance to wash.

-They had to be ready to fight,

-whatever the weather.

-Sometimes, they stood

-in icy water all day and night.

-Furthermore, they were always in

-danger of being wounded or killed.

-We're having to treat

-vile diseases...

-..and you're playing carnival?!

-What's the point of that?

-It's exactly like my sister's.

-I made it myself.

-My little sister only wants to...

-Has the medical transport arrived?

-Has the medical transport arrived?

-

-Yes.

-Then you know what to do.

-We've no time for child's play.

-But I can help!

-I want to be a nurse too!

-My dear, do you really think

-you can join the Red Cross?

-I studied and trained

-in Sweden for five years!

-My sister told me what to do.

-You need all the help you can get.

-But your hands are too small.

-Believe me,

-this is no place for children.

-Go home!

-There were so many casualties

-during the First World War...

-..the Red Cross

-had to build hospitals...

-..and recruit doctors and nurses.

-People volunteered from countries

-that were not at war...

-..from Switzerland,

-the Netherlands and Sweden.

-Nurse Elsa Brandstrom was

-the Swedish ambassador's daughter.

-She looked

-after German POWs in Russia.

-She was their "Angel of Siberia".

-The volunteers had to do

-heavy work in the war zones.

-They risked their own lives

-to save others.

-The doctor is here!

-Get out of the way!

-The rooms are crowded,

-but there is space on the floor.

-What have we here?

-Corporal Kurt Berger

-was wounded at Loos.

-He is conscious,

-but he can't see anything.

-I could clean his eyes.

-Leave him. There's no hope for him.

-Leave him. There's no hope for him.

-

-Why?

-What's wrong?

-What's wrong?

-

-Frieda!

-She shouldn't be here, doctor.

-Nurse Ida, don't you say in Sweden

-that everyone should start young?

-In Germany, we say

-where there's breath, there's life.

-Get out! I don't want you here!

-I was only asking!

-I was only asking!

-

-I'm sorry. My sister is difficult.

-Stay!

-Do you want to know the truth?

-He inhaled poison gas

-and can't breathe properly.

-He is going to die. Can you see?

-Take him out.

-Poison gas damaged the eyes, skin

-and destroyed the soldiers' lungs.

-The gas was heavier than air

-and seeped into the trenches...

-..where soldiers were hiding.

-Poison gas was one of

-the war's deadliest weapons.

-It was used

-by the armies of every country.

-You couldn't hear it coming

-and nothing could stop it.

-Many different gasses

-were used in the war.

-At first, the soldiers

-couldn't protect themselves.

-As the war progressed...

-..effective gas masks were invented.

-Soldiers had 20 seconds to wear the

-mask in the event of a gas attack.

-They carried the masks everywhere

-with them, even when they slept.

-If a soldier didn't put on his mask

-in time, he didn't stand a chance.

-Frieda!

-Frieda.

-You should go home.

-There's nothing more you can do.

-What's going on?

-The soldiers...

-..will be buried in the graveyard

-to prevent disease spreading.

-But he's still alive!

-Not for much longer.

-Not for much longer.

-

-You can't leave him out here!

-You've seen what's going on inside.

-I have to go back.

-I have to go back.

-

-Luise, please!

-You always say

-you want to help people.

-Isn't that why you became a nurse?

-You heard what Dr Wurtzinger said.

-"He will die".

-What if it was our father

-lying here?

-I can't.

-I can't.

-

-But I can! I have the time.

-Help me, please.

-What do you want to do?

-Take him home?

-No, but I could...

-Perhaps there's

-a storeroom or a cupboard?

-At least he'd be dry and warm.

-The senior nurse will kill us.

-The senior nurse will kill us.

-

-Then we'd better hurry.

-Are you still trying

-to save everyone, girls?

-May I?

-Nobody survived a gas attack.

-Everything and everyone died,

-even insects.

-The soldiers

-who didn't die straightaway...

-..suffered for hours.

-If the gas reached their lungs...

-..they'd fill with water

-and the soldiers slowly suffocated.

-It was even worse for some.

-They couldn't see anything.

-The gas blinded them.

-It was hopeless. My first patient,

-and there was nothing I could do.

-I couldn't even ease his pain.

-I couldn't even ease his pain.

-

-Air! Air!

-I'll get air for you. Don't worry,

-you are not on your own.

-WHISPERS IN GERMAN

-What's going on here?

-I asked Corporal Fischer

-to help me clean the mattress.

-No, it was my idea.

-No, it was my idea.

-

-It won't happen again.

-I hope you mean that, or you

-can pack your bags. Is that clear?

-Yes!

-A nurse should avoid being

-on her own with a male patient.

-Make sure

-you don't befriend a patient.

-Nurses must not fall in love,

-smoke or drink alcohol.

-These rules exist for a good reason.

-Alright, senior nurse.

-We were never trained for that.

-Don't worry, I know what I'm doing.

-No, you don't!

-You've no idea what you're doing!

-The doctors felt helpless.

-They were treating injuries

-they'd never seen before...

-..for example shell shock.

-The soldiers were exhausted

-and had witnessed such horrors...

-..every grenade or death of a friend

-could make their nerves snap.

-Their whole bodies trembled.

-Many officers viewed

-this as a sign of weakness.

-I have to go.

-SOLDIER BREATHES HEAVILY

-Here's the oxygen.

-It'll do you good.

-You need air, don't you?

-Is that better?

-Hello? Can you hear me?

-Suddenly, I worried

-he wouldn't pull through...

-..that he would die.

-What should I do?

-Should I ask

-Doctor Wurtzinger to help?

-What are you doing here?

-He died.

-Are you sure?

-You were right. I'm no use here.

-He would have died, anyway.

-Who put him in the storeroom?

-Who brought

-the oxygen cylinder here?

-Well? Anyone? Who looked after him?!

-Whoever it was has saved his life.

-As you say in Germany, "where

-there's breath, there's life."

-Perhaps the oxygen

-helped him relax.

-During the war, doctors

-learned a lot about injuries.

-They experimented

-with new techniques.

-As well as challenging doctors,

-the war changed women's lives.

-Before the war, women didn't

-have the same rights as men.

-Only men

-were allowed to work and vote.

-Women stayed at home

-to look after the children.

-It was said

-women were too weak to work.

-The war changed everything. Millions

-of men had gone to the front.

-Their jobs were taken over by women.

-They worked in the fire service,

-drove buses and trams...

-..and in the munitions factories.

-Women proved they

-were good enough to do the work.

-Their role in society changed.

-The way they thought

-about themselves changed also.

-I saved him. Me, Frieda Hartmann,

-has saved a life.

-From that moment on,

-I knew it was my duty to save lives.

-Kurt was my first patient.

-I wanted to look after him until

-he was better and could go home.

-Hello.

-Here's something to eat.

-Is that you?

-Did you carry me inside?

-I asked the others

-but no-one had seen you.

-No-one knows who you are.

-Are you an angel?

-Some soldiers would do

-anything to escape from the war.

-They pretended to be injured,

-risking a severe punishment.

-But such was their fear of war

-many soldiers harmed themselves.

-They shot themselves

-in their hands or feet...

-..to avoid anything worse.

-Soldiers worldwide returned

-from war without arms or legs...

-..with broken noses or cheekbones...

-..their faces hidden behind masks.

-The thought of living like that

-terrified some of the soldiers.

-My hands were trembling

-because Kurt touched them.

-Come here, love.

-We don't have much time.

-I'm ready.

-If you love me, do it.

-Please save me.

-You have to hurry.

-What's wrong?

-He isn't wounded!

-He isn't wounded!

-

-Frieda, keep your voice down.

-He's deceiving everyone!

-He can't go back to the front.

-It's hell out there.

-We have no idea what it's like.

-Every day could be his last.

-What about the other soldiers?

-They're still fighting!

-What about them?!

-They are dying,

-or they return home maimed!

-I couldn't understand.

-Why would Luisa harm him?

-What's going on here?

-Luisa.

-What happened?

-Doctor Wurtzinger

-said Ulrich was healthy.

-He has to return to the front.

-He has to return to the front.

-

-And Kurt, too.

-What? Kurt?

-Maybe now you understand...

-..why I said

-not to get close to a patient?

-No! No! He can't send Kurt back!

-Why did you say that Kurt

-was healthy? You had no right!

-He was my patient

-because I saved him!

-Oh. It was you.

-Yes! He needs to rest

-so that his lungs can heal.

-What gave you the idea

-that we heal people, my child?

-This is war. Germany needs soldiers.

-As soon as they can hold a gun,

-they have to go back to the front.

-Does it have to be like that?

-Does it have to be like that?

-

-Madness, isn't it?

-Why are we helping them?

-That's exactly what I think.

-It was vital to find men...

-..to replace those killed in battle.

-No-one asked

-if the men were healthy or not...

-..or if they were too young

-or too old to fight.

-All that mattered

-was that the war continued.

-Kurt Berger.

-Kurt.

-Kurt Berger.

-Is it you?

-I wanted to see you before you...

-TRAIN WHISTLE

-Thanks for everything.

-I'm sure you'll be fine.

-Goodbye, little angel.

-TRAIN WHISTLE

-Is that why

-I nursed him back to health?

-To send him back to the front...

-..to kill or be killed?

-SHE SOBS

-S4C Subtitles by Gwead

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