Yr Hen Ffordd Gymreig o Fyw ‹ Cyfres 1

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-Wales's mansions and estates -have adorned our history...	0:00:02	0:00:06
-..and shaped our landscape -for centuries.	0:00:07	0:00:10
-Mansions were reputedly -the homes of greedy Englishmen...	0:00:10	0:00:14
-..who sucked wealth from the land -and oppressed ordinary people.	0:00:14	0:00:18
-But today -we can tell a different story.	0:00:18	0:00:22
-By delving into history, -we uncover the unexpected.	0:00:22	0:00:26
-It's so fascinating...	0:00:27	0:00:29
-..that mansions and estates played -a central role within Welsh society.	0:00:29	0:00:34
-Hundreds of mansions -have been demolished...	0:00:34	0:00:37
-..but some owners remain -in the towns of their forefathers.	0:00:37	0:00:41
-It's impossible to run an estate -such as this just with your head.	0:00:41	0:00:46
-It has to also come from the heart.	0:00:47	0:00:50
-Others yearn for -the old traditional way of life.	0:00:52	0:00:56
-They were tough times -but they were happy times.	0:00:56	0:00:59
-The mansion's history is firmly -rooted in the Welsh tradition.	0:01:01	0:01:05
-Welcome to Trawsgoed Mansion.	0:01:13	0:01:15
-This mansion -near Aberystwyth is for sale.	0:01:21	0:01:24
-This is the main entrance. -Imagine this 100 years ago.	0:01:24	0:01:28
-It would have been ostentatious -with grand furniture...	0:01:28	0:01:32
-..and a roaring fire.	0:01:32	0:01:34
-This is the room -that would greet you.	0:01:34	0:01:37
-The current mansion, -which has 70 rooms...	0:01:37	0:01:40
-..was built -in the Victorian and Georgian eras.	0:01:41	0:01:44
-The estate belonged -to the same family for 750 years.	0:01:44	0:01:48
-The history of the mansions has, -to some extent, been misinterpreted.	0:01:49	0:01:55
-The mansion's image...	0:01:55	0:01:58
-..is that of -a rather oppressive building...	0:01:58	0:02:01
-..with an unscrupulous family -living within its walls.	0:02:02	0:02:06
-But curiously...	0:02:06	0:02:08
-..mansions and estates were actually -central to the communities in Wales.	0:02:08	0:02:13
-This room served as a library.	0:02:13	0:02:15
-Books were displayed on the walls -either side of the fireplace.	0:02:15	0:02:20
-When showing the house -to prospective buyers...	0:02:20	0:02:23
-..this room is all important, -they love to make an entrance.	0:02:24	0:02:27
-The ceiling commands attention...	0:02:28	0:02:30
-..and the French doors overlooking -the garden are also impressive.	0:02:30	0:02:36
-Sir John Vaughan formed the modern -estate during Charles I's reign.	0:02:36	0:02:41
-In its heyday, the sprawling estate -covered 42,000 acres.	0:02:42	0:02:47
-Influential people came here -to stay with the Vaughan family.	0:02:48	0:02:52
-Let's go into the living room...	0:02:55	0:02:57
-..where portraits of famous -people who visited over the years...	0:02:57	0:03:02
-..adorn the walls.	0:03:02	0:03:04
-This staircase -was installed two centuries ago.	0:03:09	0:03:13
-The spindles have been created -from a single piece of wood.	0:03:13	0:03:18
-The craftsmanship is amazing. -Look at this carved pineapple.	0:03:18	0:03:22
-Let me guide you -into the main bedroom.	0:03:22	0:03:25
-King Edward VIII once stayed here.	0:03:27	0:03:31
-When he visited Trawsgoed...	0:03:31	0:03:34
-..he was the Prince of Wales.	0:03:34	0:03:37
-Before he arrived, -they made sure he had the best room.	0:03:37	0:03:42
-They installed -this remarkable fireplace...	0:03:42	0:03:46
-..to make -the Prince of Wales feel at home.	0:03:46	0:03:49
-I'm sure he had a splendid time.	0:03:49	0:03:52
-The family sold the mansion -and the estate following WWII.	0:03:57	0:04:02
-Only the hunting -and fishing rights...	0:04:02	0:04:04
-..and the inherited title belongs -to the current heir, John Vaughan.	0:04:05	0:04:09
-In terms of restoring -a house like this...	0:04:12	0:04:15
-..the intricate features -have already been completed.	0:04:15	0:04:20
-Someone would need close to half -a million to finish the restoration.	0:04:21	0:04:26
-But you have to be -sympathetic to the period.	0:04:26	0:04:29
-You couldn't install -a budget kitchen!	0:04:29	0:04:32
-You'd need -the right tiles and furnishings...	0:04:32	0:04:35
-..to ensure -it's in keeping with the period.	0:04:35	0:04:38
-If you were to buy -the entire property today...	0:04:38	0:04:43
-..it would set you back 1,770,000.	0:04:44	0:04:48
-But the wealth of mansions -is defined in ways other than cash.	0:04:53	0:04:58
-In South East Wales are the homes...	0:04:58	0:05:01
-..of a family -famous for its Welsh welcome.	0:05:01	0:05:04
-For centuries, they were -important centres of Welsh culture.	0:05:04	0:05:08
-Good morning.	0:05:17	0:05:20
-Good morning. -Welcome To Tredegar House.	0:05:20	0:05:23
-My name's Steffan.	0:05:23	0:05:25
-Tredegar House is one -of Wales's grandest mansions.	0:05:26	0:05:29
-It was home to the Morgan family, -a traditional Welsh family.	0:05:29	0:05:34
-The Morgans -were proud of their Welshness.	0:05:34	0:05:38
-Come inside.	0:05:38	0:05:40
-What better way to promote Welshness -than by boasting about your lineage?	0:05:40	0:05:45
-The Morgan family's genealogy...	0:05:45	0:05:48
-..dates back to the -10th-century rulers of Glamorgan.	0:05:48	0:05:52
-In Wales, a greater emphasis -was placed on genealogy...	0:05:52	0:05:56
-..than in England.	0:05:56	0:05:57
-The ability to boast -a long and noble lineage...	0:05:58	0:06:03
-..was often considered more -important than wealth in Wales.	0:06:03	0:06:07
-More significant than aristocratic -lineage was immortality.	0:06:07	0:06:12
-One sure way -of being immortalized...	0:06:12	0:06:14
-..was to patronize a poet -to sing your praises.	0:06:15	0:06:17
-Ifor Hael -was one of the three sons...	0:06:18	0:06:22
-..of Llywelyn ab Ifor.	0:06:22	0:06:24
-Llywelyn ab Ifor came here to -establish the family in the area.	0:06:24	0:06:29
-Morgan, the eldest son, -lived here at Tredegar House.	0:06:29	0:06:34
-Ifor was the second son -and lived in Gwern Y Cleppa.	0:06:34	0:06:38
-He secured -the patronage of the poets...	0:06:39	0:06:41
-..the most famous of whom -was Dafydd ap Gwilym.	0:06:42	0:06:45
-This is the old hall.	0:06:45	0:06:49
-Before it became the servants' hall, -it was the family's main hall.	0:06:49	0:06:55
-I'm sure Sion ap Morgan...	0:06:56	0:06:59
-..who lived here -during the 15th century...	0:07:00	0:07:03
-..would have stood here...	0:07:03	0:07:05
-..and been entertained -by his poets, harpist and so on...	0:07:05	0:07:10
-..while feasting -with his servants...	0:07:10	0:07:12
-..because back then, -they shared the same space.	0:07:13	0:07:16
-The poets' patronage -continued for centuries.	0:07:18	0:07:22
-The room has been preserved.	0:07:23	0:07:26
-It's how it may have looked -in the 19th century...	0:07:26	0:07:29
-..when Sir Charles Morgan -lived here.	0:07:29	0:07:32
-Charles was an Englishman -and a distant relative...	0:07:35	0:07:38
-..when his father inherited -the Morgans' substantial estates.	0:07:39	0:07:43
-But there was one condition.	0:07:43	0:07:45
-He had to adopt the Morgan name -and the ancient coat of arms.	0:07:46	0:07:49
-Charles followed his forefathers...	0:07:50	0:07:52
-..by becoming -a renowned Welsh patron.	0:07:53	0:07:55
-He supported the local eisteddfodau.	0:07:55	0:08:00
-He, along with Lady Llanover...	0:08:00	0:08:02
-..were responsible...	0:08:03	0:08:05
-..for helping establish -cultural events in Abergavenny.	0:08:06	0:08:09
-As a result of that...	0:08:10	0:08:12
-..he became known as Ifor Hael II...	0:08:12	0:08:15
-..defender of -the Welsh language here in Gwent.	0:08:15	0:08:20
-Sir Charles wasn't the last of the -Morgans to support the Welsh cause.	0:08:23	0:08:28
-Here we get a glimpse -of the history of Godfrey Morgan.	0:08:29	0:08:33
-He was captain -of the 17th Lancers...	0:08:36	0:08:38
-..during -the Charge of the Light Brigade.	0:08:39	0:08:42
-He survived the battle.	0:08:42	0:08:44
-He was a proud Welshman...	0:08:44	0:08:49
-..and conversant -with Welsh history.	0:08:49	0:08:52
-When the National Welsh Pageant -was held at Cardiff Castle...	0:08:52	0:08:57
-..Godfrey decided to dress -like his hero, Owain Glyndwr.	0:08:57	0:09:03
-There's a wonderful painting of him -in his suit of armour...	0:09:03	0:09:08
-..resembling Owain Glyndwr.	0:09:08	0:09:10
-He was the honorary president...	0:09:12	0:09:14
-..on the first day -of the National Eisteddfod...	0:09:14	0:09:17
-..when it came to Newport in 1897.	0:09:18	0:09:22
-It was held on his land.	0:09:22	0:09:25
-The Gorsedd stones -stand in Belle View Park.	0:09:25	0:09:28
-The eisteddfod itself was held -at the cattle market in Pillgwenlly.	0:09:28	0:09:33
-Godfrey Morgan -commissioned a horn of plenty...	0:09:34	0:09:38
-..for the 1897 Newport Eisteddfod.	0:09:38	0:09:41
-It was commissioned -by Lord Tredegar, Godfrey Morgan.	0:09:42	0:09:46
-Lovely, isn't it? I think -it belonged to a South African ox!	0:09:47	0:09:51
-The tour of the mansion -was wonderful.	0:09:51	0:09:54
-It was nice to hear about -the mansion's role in Welsh affairs.	0:09:54	0:09:58
-This was -Lord Tredegar's coat of arms...	0:09:58	0:10:02
-..and the motto, "si deus nobiscum -quis contra nos..."	0:10:02	0:10:07
-..which means, "God be for us, -who can be against us?"	0:10:07	0:10:12
-I was pleased to hear there was -so much Welsh in the house...	0:10:12	0:10:16
-..and that one of the Charleses -had been very prominent...	0:10:16	0:10:21
-..in promoting the -Welsh language through eisteddfodau.	0:10:21	0:10:24
-Castle turrets...	0:10:25	0:10:27
-..with the poet on top.	0:10:27	0:10:30
-I wasn't aware that the mansion -was so supportive of the language...	0:10:30	0:10:35
-..and local Welsh culture as it is -located in South East Wales.	0:10:36	0:10:40
-The eisteddfod -isn't the only Welsh institution...	0:10:45	0:10:48
-..to gain from the era of mansions -and their cultural activities.	0:10:49	0:10:53
-Some of the nation's -most important artefacts...	0:10:53	0:10:57
-..are housed at the National Library -of Wales in Aberystwyth.	0:10:57	0:11:00
-Vaults have been built to protect -the most precious items...	0:11:01	0:11:05
-..from all kinds of dangers.	0:11:05	0:11:08
-If there's a fire, the vaults emit -a gas to extinguish the flames...	0:11:08	0:11:13
-..and doors close on all sides.	0:11:13	0:11:15
-You have to remember that Wales -was once an impoverished country...	0:11:18	0:11:23
-..in terms of its material wealth.	0:11:23	0:11:26
-Nowadays, people visit the Tower -of London to view the crown jewels.	0:11:26	0:11:31
-This is what we would consider -the treasures of the Welsh nation.	0:11:31	0:11:36
-This is our crown jewels.	0:11:36	0:11:38
-In the past, the mansions -were Wales's treasuries...	0:11:38	0:11:43
-..in terms of cultural inheritance.	0:11:43	0:11:46
-It's where the books -and manuscripts...	0:11:46	0:11:49
-..acquired by -The National Library are kept.	0:11:49	0:11:52
-Notice that the manuscripts -are diminutive in size.	0:11:59	0:12:02
-Our most priceless treasure -is the Black Book of Carmarthen.	0:12:03	0:12:07
-It's the earliest manuscript -of Welsh poetry...	0:12:10	0:12:14
-..dating from the mid-13th century -and written by an anonymous monk.	0:12:14	0:12:19
-Originally, they collected poems -out of personal interest.	0:12:20	0:12:25
-They were cultured people -who appreciated the content.	0:12:25	0:12:29
-I also think -it boosted social status...	0:12:29	0:12:33
-..if you owned such treasures.	0:12:33	0:12:35
-After all, -you possessed something...	0:12:35	0:12:38
-..that the man -in the next mansion didn't have.	0:12:38	0:12:41
-Today's aristocrats would drive -an expensive car such as a Ferrari.	0:12:42	0:12:46
-In the past, -acquiring precious manuscripts...	0:12:46	0:12:50
-..would give an aristocrat -special status.	0:12:50	0:12:53
-There wouldn't be -a national library...	0:12:55	0:12:58
-..like we have today...	0:12:58	0:13:00
-..had it not been -for the mansions' libraries...	0:13:00	0:13:04
-..protecting these treasures -over the centuries.	0:13:04	0:13:08
-It wasn't until Wales -established the National Library...	0:13:08	0:13:13
-..that these treasures -could be preserved.	0:13:13	0:13:16
-But some treasures -still remain in Wales's mansions...	0:13:17	0:13:21
-..and we may not be aware -of their existence.	0:13:21	0:13:24
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-Stradey Castle -is one of the few mansions...	0:13:37	0:13:41
-..along with its 1,800-acre estate, -that belongs to the original family.	0:13:41	0:13:46
-Mansel Lewis's family -has made a living...	0:13:48	0:13:51
-..from the land -and various ventures for 200 years.	0:13:51	0:13:55
-But the business could just as -easily slip through their fingers.	0:13:55	0:13:59
-You can't see the entire estate from -here but you can see most of it.	0:13:59	0:14:05
-We get a good view -of the field over here.	0:14:05	0:14:12
-Mr Hywel Morgan...	0:14:12	0:14:14
-..has brought -his cattle to graze here.	0:14:14	0:14:17
-Behind us is more forestry, -but you can't see the entire estate.	0:14:17	0:14:24
-These mansions -have survived for centuries...	0:14:30	0:14:33
-..due to the fact that the nobility -managed to retain the lands.	0:14:33	0:14:39
-Land was considered -a significant part of their power.	0:14:39	0:14:43
-By owning the land, -the gentry could govern...	0:14:44	0:14:49
-..the surrounding area.	0:14:49	0:14:51
-Land equalled power.	0:14:52	0:14:54
-My father died four years ago.	0:14:54	0:14:57
-I realized straight away...	0:14:57	0:14:59
-..that the roof -needed urgent attention.	0:15:02	0:15:07
-At the same time, -the insurance company told me...	0:15:08	0:15:13
-..that the entire mansion -would have to be rewired.	0:15:13	0:15:17
-At the moment, there are two -projects running concurrently.	0:15:19	0:15:23
-The rewiring and the rebuilding.	0:15:23	0:15:26
-This is the library.	0:15:32	0:15:34
-It's my favourite room.	0:15:35	0:15:37
-I wrote my Dafydd ap Gwilym essay -in this room...	0:15:37	0:15:42
-..because I could -use the books for reference.	0:15:43	0:15:45
-You can see there's around three -generations' worth of clutter there!	0:15:50	0:15:55
-What we have to do...	0:15:56	0:16:00
-..is get rid -of old papers and so on.	0:16:00	0:16:03
-They will either go in the bin -or to the National Library.	0:16:03	0:16:07
-There's so much work to do.	0:16:11	0:16:13
-After three years...	0:16:13	0:16:15
-..we've only managed -to sort out a quarter of this room.	0:16:15	0:16:19
-Morning, Alan.	0:16:20	0:16:21
-Morning, Alan. - -Morning, Patrick. Alright?	0:16:21	0:16:23
-I am, thank you. -Making an impression here.	0:16:23	0:16:26
-It's looking lovely. It'll be -a lovely job when it's finished.	0:16:26	0:16:32
-Patrick is paying to restore -the old farm buildings....	0:16:32	0:16:36
-..in the hope of boosting -the estate's rental revenue.	0:16:36	0:16:40
-I want to fill all the buildings...	0:16:40	0:16:43
-..so it becomes -a modern community on the estate.	0:16:43	0:16:49
-A new way of life -in this part of the estate.	0:16:49	0:16:54
-When my father -was raised in the castle...	0:17:00	0:17:04
-..he spent every morning...	0:17:04	0:17:07
-..eating his breakfast -at this table.	0:17:10	0:17:12
-For every other meal, -they would eat at this table.	0:17:15	0:17:20
-We came here -to visit my grandparents...	0:17:21	0:17:24
-..and they'd spend -most of their time...	0:17:24	0:17:27
-..in this room, socializing -and dining with friends.	0:17:27	0:17:32
-If you look behind you...	0:17:34	0:17:37
-..you'll see a painting...	0:17:37	0:17:39
-..of the lake, -and behind that is the castle.	0:17:40	0:17:43
-It was painted -by my grandfather's father...	0:17:43	0:17:48
-..Charles William Mansel Lewis.	0:17:48	0:17:50
-The painting is called -The Enchanted Castle.	0:17:51	0:17:54
-Despite his prowess as an artist...	0:17:55	0:17:58
-..Charles was a poor businessman.	0:17:58	0:18:01
-However it was a local business -employing local people.	0:18:01	0:18:06
-We might have -conjured up this notion...	0:18:06	0:18:09
-..that mansions extracted money -from the local economies...	0:18:09	0:18:13
-..and that the nobility -who lived in the mansions...	0:18:14	0:18:19
-..crossed the border -and spent the money in London.	0:18:19	0:18:23
-There are currently ten families -of tenant farmers on the estate.	0:18:24	0:18:29
-Around ten families are running -the farms on the Stradey estate.	0:18:29	0:18:35
-There are six members of staff.	0:18:35	0:18:39
-They work in the office, -the house, on maintenance...	0:18:39	0:18:43
-..in the forest and the garden.	0:18:44	0:18:46
-The estate was some sort of focus -for the local economy.	0:18:46	0:18:52
-It provided an income -for the servants and maids...	0:18:52	0:18:57
-..who worked at the mansion.	0:18:57	0:19:00
-But the land also provided -a livelihood for the tenants.	0:19:01	0:19:05
-It was often the case -that every family in the area...	0:19:07	0:19:13
-..in one way or another, was -associated with the local mansion.	0:19:13	0:19:17
-I work Monday to Friday...	0:19:25	0:19:27
-..from a quarter past nine...	0:19:27	0:19:30
-..to half past two.	0:19:31	0:19:33
-The time flies -because there's so much to do.	0:19:33	0:19:36
-There's plenty of cleaning to do.	0:19:37	0:19:40
-It has to be cleaned every day.	0:19:40	0:19:42
-I have my own routine.	0:19:43	0:19:46
-Two days to clean upstairs...	0:19:47	0:19:49
-..and three days -to clean downstairs.	0:19:49	0:19:52
-I just go around in a circle.	0:19:52	0:19:54
-There's plenty to do.	0:19:54	0:19:57
-I'm a secretary. I usually work -in the office, but I'm here today.	0:19:57	0:20:02
-I deal with any phone calls -and write letters.	0:20:02	0:20:05
-I do -what any other secretary would do.	0:20:06	0:20:08
-The work is never predictable -which is what I like.	0:20:09	0:20:12
-During the Victorian era...	0:20:13	0:20:16
-..living in this house -was both difficult and simple.	0:20:16	0:20:21
-It was difficult for those -who worked at the mansion...	0:20:22	0:20:26
-..but very simple -for the people who lived here.	0:20:26	0:20:31
-They could relax and enjoy life.	0:20:31	0:20:34
-If I lived here, I wouldn't clean.	0:20:34	0:20:37
-I'd be sitting in the front room, -sipping a cup of tea...	0:20:38	0:20:42
-..and chatting with friends.	0:20:42	0:20:44
-I'd leave the cleaning to a maid.	0:20:44	0:20:46
-You'd ring the bell -and demand a coffee!	0:20:46	0:20:49
-Part of the family's plans -to increase revenue...	0:20:52	0:20:56
-..is to hold weddings...	0:20:56	0:20:58
-..and rent out the large rooms -for photo shoots.	0:20:58	0:21:02
-To achieve this, -they've created an upstairs flat...	0:21:02	0:21:06
-..in which the family lives.	0:21:06	0:21:08
-This is where we live as a family.	0:21:09	0:21:13
-We spend most of our time -in this room.	0:21:13	0:21:17
-This room was originally a studio...	0:21:19	0:21:22
-..for the artist, -Charles William Mansel Lewis.	0:21:22	0:21:26
-That's the reason -for the skylight overhead.	0:21:26	0:21:30
-It's in direct contrast -to the rooms downstairs...	0:21:30	0:21:35
-..where the decor is Victorian -and everything is very grand.	0:21:35	0:21:39
-This is where we like to relax.	0:21:39	0:21:42
-It's our happy place.	0:21:42	0:21:44
-As the family's second son...	0:21:45	0:21:47
-..Rob will have to leave the estate -and make his own way in life.	0:21:47	0:21:52
-His big brother, Ed, -will stay here to run the place.	0:21:52	0:21:56
-The wood's all from the estate.	0:21:56	0:21:59
-We chop it -because a lot of the house...	0:21:59	0:22:02
-..isn't attached -to a central heating system...	0:22:02	0:22:07
-..which means -we have to rely on solid fuel...	0:22:07	0:22:12
-..which is nice because we get to do -this, spend time with my brothers.	0:22:12	0:22:17
-But then it also takes time.	0:22:18	0:22:20
-If you -wound the clock back 150 years...	0:22:21	0:22:24
-..you'd have -a whole array of staff...	0:22:24	0:22:27
-..and there would certainly be -someone whose job it was to do this.	0:22:27	0:22:32
-You'd have somebody else -to make the beds, light the fires...	0:22:32	0:22:36
-..and cook the meals.	0:22:37	0:22:39
-If you live in a house -as a family...	0:22:39	0:22:41
-..you have to do -a little bit of all those jobs.	0:22:41	0:22:44
-It's very stressful.	0:22:51	0:22:53
-How we're going to raise money -is a constant cause for concern...	0:22:53	0:22:58
-..especially when it's cold.	0:22:58	0:23:00
-It's difficult living in this house.	0:23:01	0:23:05
-Sometimes I feel the burden of -the responsibility on my shoulders.	0:23:06	0:23:11
-But most of the time, I'm happy -to run the Stradey Estate.	0:23:15	0:23:21
-I think it's very important -to keep this castle...	0:23:26	0:23:31
-..in our family...	0:23:31	0:23:34
-..because we're part of its history.	0:23:34	0:23:37
-It's important to me -that it's kept in the family.	0:23:37	0:23:42
-.	0:23:47	0:23:48
-Subtitles	0:23:53	0:23:53
-Subtitles - -Subtitles	0:23:53	0:23:55
-The town council -would like to welcome you...	0:24:00	0:24:02
-..to this fete, and I wish -to open the fete officially now.	0:24:03	0:24:08
-A pound, yes. Thank you very much.	0:24:08	0:24:11
-Welcome to you all.	0:24:11	0:24:14
-Welcome to Abergele. -We hope you have a nice day.	0:24:15	0:24:18
-On behalf of Cytun, the -Council of Churches in Abergele...	0:24:18	0:24:22
-..we welcome you all.	0:24:22	0:24:24
-Gwrych Castle -is familiar to those...	0:24:28	0:24:31
-..travelling along -the North Wales coastline.	0:24:31	0:24:36
-Today the community has gathered -within its walls to fund raise.	0:24:36	0:24:40
-Although the castle has since -become a ruin, its rich history...	0:24:41	0:24:45
-..once placed it -at the heart of village life.	0:24:45	0:24:48
-I remember having the YFC rally -and YFC dance here.	0:24:48	0:24:53
-The rally was held -at the local market...	0:24:54	0:24:56
-..and the dance -was held in the castle.	0:24:57	0:24:59
-That was back in 1975-76.	0:25:00	0:25:02
-It was a great night.	0:25:02	0:25:04
-Everyone came to the dances -at the castle. It was very busy.	0:25:04	0:25:07
-The atmosphere was fantastic.	0:25:08	0:25:11
-Everyone loved coming here.	0:25:11	0:25:13
-The castle was thriving at the time.	0:25:14	0:25:18
-Events, such as jousting, -were held here on a regular basis.	0:25:18	0:25:22
-The place was well maintained.	0:25:22	0:25:25
-They say there was once a white -marble staircase leading to nowhere.	0:25:25	0:25:30
-I came here -for a Merched Y Wawr dinner.	0:25:30	0:25:34
-The only feature I remember -is the beautiful staircase.	0:25:34	0:25:39
-My parents used to go -to dances at the castle.	0:25:40	0:25:43
-That's where they met.	0:25:44	0:25:46
-I suppose you could say the reason -I'm here is because of the castle!	0:25:46	0:25:51
-The castle has certainly brought the -community together over the years.	0:25:52	0:25:57
-But before the castle deteriorated, -it belonged to a family...	0:25:59	0:26:04
-..who felt it was their duty -to do good work in the community.	0:26:04	0:26:08
-I'm Mark, -I'm from the Gwrych Castle Trust.	0:26:08	0:26:12
-There's been a house -on this site for many years.	0:26:12	0:26:16
-The earliest record is from the -Tudor period in the 16th century...	0:26:16	0:26:21
-..during the reign of Elizabeth I.	0:26:21	0:26:24
-It was the home of the Lloyd family.	0:26:24	0:26:27
-The Lloyds traced their history...	0:26:27	0:26:30
-..back to the medieval period.	0:26:30	0:26:32
-The old estate was inherited -by Lloyd Hesketh Bamford-Hesketh.	0:26:34	0:26:38
-The new mansion, -built in the 19th century...	0:26:38	0:26:41
-..paid homage -to his mother's Welsh roots.	0:26:41	0:26:44
-The Hesketh family's intention -was to build something...	0:26:44	0:26:49
-..of which Wales would be proud.	0:26:49	0:26:51
-Before starting the building work, -they looked around the locality.	0:26:52	0:26:56
-Conwy Castle -was the nearest castle...	0:26:56	0:26:59
-..and I think -that inspired the turrets.	0:26:59	0:27:03
-From that, the building -developed into what it is today.	0:27:03	0:27:07
-The turrets were created to echo -the castles of North Wales...	0:27:12	0:27:17
-..such as Conwy, Dolbadarn, -Dolwyddelan and Rhuddlan...	0:27:17	0:27:21
-..as a bold statement of -the Lloyd family's Welsh heritage.	0:27:21	0:27:26
-The walls were meant -to give the impression...	0:27:26	0:27:29
-..that the castle was a much -longer construction from afar.	0:27:29	0:27:34
-It spans a kilometre in length, -and when you visit...	0:27:35	0:27:39
-..you realize that the castle itself -isn't the only focus.	0:27:39	0:27:43
-Much of the fun and excitement comes -from wandering around the walls...	0:27:44	0:27:49
-..and seeing the turrets.	0:27:49	0:27:51
-There was once a marble staircase, -but that's gone now.	0:27:57	0:28:01
-All that's left of it nowadays -are its stone walls, which is sad.	0:28:01	0:28:07
-The marble stairs -were very majestic.	0:28:07	0:28:12
-They gave the impression -that the castle was important.	0:28:12	0:28:17
-The Hesketh family's aim...	0:28:17	0:28:19
-..was to build an imposing structure -in the forest above Abergele.	0:28:19	0:28:25
-Winifred, Countess of Dundonald, -loved living at Gwrych Castle.	0:28:27	0:28:32
-She regarded herself the last -of the Welsh Lloyd family at Gwrych.	0:28:32	0:28:37
-As the heiress -of an enormous estate...	0:28:38	0:28:40
-..she strongly believed -she had a duty to be charitable.	0:28:41	0:28:44
-The family contributed -towards many buildings...	0:28:45	0:28:48
-..that characterize the area.	0:28:49	0:28:51
-Her philanthropy -started at a young age.	0:28:53	0:28:56
-She was ten years of age when she -laid the first stone at Llanddulas.	0:28:56	0:29:00
-It sparked a lifetime -of donating land and money...	0:29:01	0:29:05
-..to maintain village halls, reading -rooms, churches, vicarages...	0:29:06	0:29:10
-..schools and a new extension -of Rhyl's Royal Alexandra Hospital.	0:29:10	0:29:15
-The devotion Winifred showed -her community wasn't unusual.	0:29:15	0:29:20
-The estates of Wales -were on a smaller scale generally...	0:29:20	0:29:25
-..so landowners tended -to remain on their estates.	0:29:25	0:29:30
-A closer relationship evolved -between Wales's landowners...	0:29:30	0:29:36
-..and their servants.	0:29:36	0:29:38
-Erddig is an example -of this special relationship...	0:29:42	0:29:46
-..that was able to develop...	0:29:46	0:29:48
-..between masters and servants.	0:29:49	0:29:51
-It was an age-old ritual -in the mansions to hang portraits...	0:29:51	0:29:55
-..of a nobleman's forefathers -to remember those who had died...	0:29:56	0:30:00
-..and to chronicle the family's -long history for visitors.	0:30:00	0:30:05
-Today at Erddig, -visitors can see paintings...	0:30:08	0:30:12
-..depicting the love and respect -the gentry had for their workers.	0:30:12	0:30:17
-Near Bangor stands Penrhyn Castle.	0:30:25	0:30:28
-A symbol of one family's -oppression over its quarrymen...	0:30:28	0:30:32
-..who went on strike -for better standards of living.	0:30:32	0:30:36
-But even here, the noble family...	0:30:36	0:30:40
-..took its responsibility towards -the poor and needy seriously.	0:30:40	0:30:44
-I've been fortunate -over the past year...	0:30:44	0:30:47
-..to peruse the personal documents -of Penrhyn Castle's Pennant family.	0:30:48	0:30:53
-It gives us an ideal opportunity -to get to know the characters...	0:30:53	0:30:58
-..who used to live here.	0:30:58	0:31:00
-They were very controversial.	0:31:00	0:31:02
-Finally we're -getting a glimpse of their outlook.	0:31:03	0:31:06
-The discovery -which surprised me the most...	0:31:06	0:31:10
-..was the deluge of letters -they received begging for money.	0:31:10	0:31:14
-Hundreds and thousands -of begging letters.	0:31:14	0:31:18
-Some of them were heartbreaking.	0:31:18	0:31:20
-It surprised me -that the people asking for money...	0:31:21	0:31:24
-..didn't necessarily live -on the Penrhyn estate.	0:31:24	0:31:28
-They came from all over Britain.	0:31:28	0:31:30
-The owners of these estates -governed the communities.	0:31:31	0:31:34
-There was no welfare or NHS.	0:31:35	0:31:37
-The community wasn't looked after.	0:31:38	0:31:40
-These estates -were responsible for them.	0:31:40	0:31:43
-The poor turned to the estates -for assistance.	0:31:44	0:31:47
-They were crucial to the community.	0:31:48	0:31:50
-Catrin's research -has uncovered a woman...	0:31:54	0:31:57
-..who not only fulfilled -a charitable role...	0:31:57	0:32:00
-..but also ran -the Penrhyn estate...	0:32:01	0:32:03
-..in an era when married women -had no right to their own property.	0:32:04	0:32:09
-I'd always thought of Anne Susannah -as an eccentric character.	0:32:09	0:32:13
-She was childless.	0:32:14	0:32:16
-Her union with Richard Pennant -was a marriage of convenience...	0:32:16	0:32:20
-..since she was -such an influential heiress.	0:32:20	0:32:24
-She treated her dogs as children...	0:32:24	0:32:26
-..and even left her dogs -45 a year in her will...	0:32:27	0:32:30
-..which is a sign -of an eccentric lady.	0:32:30	0:32:33
-When her husband died...	0:32:33	0:32:35
-..the estate was left -with a crippling debt of 153,000.	0:32:35	0:32:40
-During her final years...	0:32:40	0:32:42
-..Anne Susannah doubled -the profit from the quarry...	0:32:42	0:32:47
-..and repaid the debt in full.	0:32:47	0:32:49
-The Crown -coveted this profitable business.	0:32:49	0:32:52
-Under her leadership...	0:32:53	0:32:55
-..a significant court case in her -family's history had been averted.	0:32:55	0:33:00
-If Anne Susannah Warburton hadn't -paid off her husband's debt...	0:33:00	0:33:04
-..if she hadn't run the estate -as efficiently as she had done...	0:33:05	0:33:08
-..and if she hadn't -fought the Crown...	0:33:09	0:33:11
-..it's possible that George, who -inherited the estate after her...	0:33:12	0:33:16
-..wouldn't have had the money -and the resources...	0:33:17	0:33:20
-..to build this opulent castle -which stands here today.	0:33:20	0:33:24
-.	0:33:34	0:33:35
-Subtitles	0:33:38	0:33:38
-Subtitles - -Subtitles	0:33:38	0:33:40
-The 20th century was a bleak era -in the history of Wales's mansions.	0:33:44	0:33:50
-Wales lost hundreds -of beautiful mansions in that time.	0:33:50	0:33:54
-The wealthiest gentry -still enjoyed a charmed life...	0:33:59	0:34:03
-..like this family at Plas Newydd.	0:34:04	0:34:07
-At the beginning -of the 20th century...	0:34:08	0:34:12
-..the gentry still thought -they were living in a golden age...	0:34:12	0:34:16
-..unaware of the fact -that the end was nigh.	0:34:17	0:34:22
-The large estates had struggled...	0:34:27	0:34:29
-..during the final decades -of the previous century.	0:34:29	0:34:33
-There was -an agricultural recession...	0:34:33	0:34:36
-..forcing 300,000 workers -to leave the land...	0:34:37	0:34:40
-..between 1850 -and the outbreak of WWI.	0:34:40	0:34:43
-It had an adverse effect -on the gentry...	0:34:44	0:34:48
-..and on the mansions -in 20th-century Wales.	0:34:49	0:34:53
-But the seeds had been sown -many years beforehand.	0:34:53	0:34:57
-With a rise in the number -of people allowed to vote...	0:34:57	0:35:01
-..the government -introduced a new tax...	0:35:01	0:35:04
-..with the aim -of creating a fairer society.	0:35:05	0:35:08
-By law...	0:35:10	0:35:13
-..the gentry had to pay a tax -based on their land's value.	0:35:13	0:35:17
-The family had to pay this tax -on the death of the landowner.	0:35:17	0:35:21
-If there was no cash available...	0:35:21	0:35:24
-..the alternative was -to sell portions of the estate.	0:35:24	0:35:28
-This, in turn, -decreased the rental revenue.	0:35:28	0:35:31
-Every new generation...	0:35:31	0:35:33
-..became poorer as a result.	0:35:34	0:35:36
-With many of the gentry killed -in the trenches of the Great War...	0:35:39	0:35:43
-..some families had to pay the tax -twice in a short space of time.	0:35:43	0:35:48
-As we wander through Wales...	0:35:53	0:35:55
-..we notice how many mansions -have disappeared.	0:35:55	0:35:59
-Ruins across the country -reflect that deterioration.	0:35:59	0:36:03
-But what have we lost -by losing the mansion in Wales?	0:36:05	0:36:10
-The sad tale of Ruperra mansion -was becoming all too common.	0:36:16	0:36:20
-This handsome mansion...	0:36:21	0:36:23
-..was home to the Morgan family heir -until he inherited Tredegar House.	0:36:23	0:36:28
-Following substantial spending -over many generations...	0:36:28	0:36:33
-..Ruperra went up for sale -in the 1930s, but it went unsold.	0:36:33	0:36:36
-Its entire contents -were sold at auction...	0:36:37	0:36:41
-..which lasted three days.	0:36:41	0:36:43
-The house was laid bare.	0:36:44	0:36:46
-During WWII, the army stayed here.	0:36:49	0:36:52
-On the night of Pearl Harbour, -a fire started...	0:36:52	0:36:56
-..from old electrical wires and -the mansion burned to the ground.	0:36:56	0:37:00
-One of the turrets fell -during the 1980s...	0:37:01	0:37:04
-..and despite the efforts -of numerous owners...	0:37:04	0:37:08
-..plans to save the mansion -have been in vain.	0:37:09	0:37:12
-A few mansions have survived...	0:37:16	0:37:18
-..and are now open to the public.	0:37:19	0:37:21
-Llanerchaeron -is a perfect example...	0:37:24	0:37:27
-..of a noble mansion...	0:37:27	0:37:29
-..befitting of a gentleman.	0:37:30	0:37:32
-Little has changed -since the 18th century.	0:37:33	0:37:37
-Llanerchaeron is beautiful mansion -in an idyllic setting.	0:37:41	0:37:45
-I've been a volunteer here -since 2002.	0:37:45	0:37:47
-Today these clothes -have arrived from Llangadog.	0:37:50	0:37:53
-Mrs Evans from Llangadog...	0:37:54	0:37:55
-..has donated clothes which belonged -to an elderly gentleman.	0:37:56	0:38:00
-I first came here during the 1960s.	0:38:02	0:38:04
-There were ruins here back then.	0:38:06	0:38:09
-Ten generations of the same family -have lived here.	0:38:16	0:38:20
-Parry was the first, -and he came from Llanlas...	0:38:20	0:38:23
-..back in 1634.	0:38:23	0:38:26
-Ten generations have followed.	0:38:26	0:38:29
-His daughter -married the first Lewis...	0:38:29	0:38:32
-..and the Lewis family -has been ever since.	0:38:32	0:38:34
-During the last decade -of the 18th century...	0:38:35	0:38:37
-..the Lewis family was thriving.	0:38:38	0:38:40
-They commissioned a gifted architect -to build them a new house.	0:38:40	0:38:45
-He later became the royal family's -architect of choice.	0:38:45	0:38:49
-John Nash was born in London -but his parents were Welsh.	0:38:50	0:38:53
-He had -financial and marital problems.	0:38:55	0:38:58
-He escaped to the Wild West - -commonly known as Wales!	0:38:58	0:39:02
-He worked in the area for 11 years.	0:39:02	0:39:05
-He was given an opportunity -to practise his own designs.	0:39:05	0:39:11
-When he returned to London -in 1797...	0:39:11	0:39:15
-..he quickly became -the favourite architect...	0:39:15	0:39:19
-..of the Prince Regent.	0:39:20	0:39:22
-He built Brighton Pavilion...	0:39:22	0:39:25
-..and parts of Buckingham Palace.	0:39:25	0:39:28
-He was the favourite among -the London clique at the time.	0:39:28	0:39:33
-Many mansions were refurbished -during the Victorian era.	0:39:40	0:39:44
-Mary Ashby Lewis, -who was a widow, lived here.	0:39:44	0:39:47
-She didn't have the right -to make any alterations...	0:39:48	0:39:51
-..so it remained Georgian.	0:39:51	0:39:53
-That's the most significant point -about Llanerchaeron.	0:39:53	0:39:57
-The mansion was a private -residence until the 1990s...	0:40:05	0:40:08
-..following Mr Lewis's death.	0:40:08	0:40:10
-During that time, the housekeeper -and her young family lived here.	0:40:12	0:40:17
-I came here in 1950 -when I was 15 years old.	0:40:17	0:40:21
-I started work -the day Mr Lewis turned 50.	0:40:21	0:40:25
-My first job that day...	0:40:27	0:40:29
-..was answer the front door -and tell a lie to a vicar.	0:40:30	0:40:34
-He said, "I'm not home," -so I had to lie to the vicar.	0:40:34	0:40:39
-I carried out all sorts of chores -around the house.	0:40:39	0:40:42
-The washing, ironing, -cleaning and so on.	0:40:42	0:40:46
-There were no such thing -as hoovers back then.	0:40:46	0:40:50
-I washed the floor on my knees.	0:40:50	0:40:53
-Thank goodness I enjoyed housework, -that's all I can say!	0:40:53	0:40:57
-But I wouldn't do it now.	0:40:58	0:41:00
-I was here for 42 years.	0:41:00	0:41:02
-That's quite a long time.	0:41:03	0:41:05
-But it was my home.	0:41:05	0:41:07
-I was brought up here with -my brother John and it was great.	0:41:08	0:41:13
-You and John.	0:41:13	0:41:15
-You and John. - -We did all the things children do.	0:41:15	0:41:17
-We played and built dens.	0:41:17	0:41:21
-We played football. It was great.	0:41:21	0:41:24
-It was a good place -to be born and raised.	0:41:24	0:41:28
-I always called him Mr L.	0:41:30	0:41:32
-I never called him sir. -He didn't like that.	0:41:32	0:41:35
-He'd say, "Sir? Good God! -Who am I? I'm not a sir."	0:41:36	0:41:40
-There had to be a strict routine.	0:41:42	0:41:45
-He was a stickler for timekeeping.	0:41:45	0:41:47
-Lunch at one o'clock and he wouldn't -drink until nine o'clock at night.	0:41:47	0:41:52
-He'd take out his pocket watch...	0:41:52	0:41:55
-..and say, -"Oh, damn, it's only ten to nine."	0:41:55	0:41:58
-He enjoyed a sherry or two.	0:41:59	0:42:01
-Gin with lemon and barley.	0:42:01	0:42:03
-Gin with lemon and barley. - -But a sherry first.	0:42:03	0:42:05
-You had to make him dinner -at 11.00pm.	0:42:05	0:42:08
-Yes, 11 o'clock was dinner time.	0:42:08	0:42:10
-He wouldn't eat the same time as us. -He ate at 11.00pm.	0:42:10	0:42:14
-A regular event throughout the year -at the mansions was the hunt.	0:42:14	0:42:20
-It was a Lewis ritual.	0:42:21	0:42:22
-The men and many of their wives...	0:42:22	0:42:26
-..hunted foxes and otters.	0:42:26	0:42:29
-They fished in the River Aeron.	0:42:29	0:42:31
-It was teeming with fish back them.	0:42:32	0:42:35
-If there was a shortage here...	0:42:35	0:42:38
-..they'd go to another estate -belonging to someone they knew...	0:42:38	0:42:43
-..such as Llanllyr, -the Hafod or Nanteos...	0:42:43	0:42:46
-..and spent the day hunting there...	0:42:46	0:42:49
-..and hunted for hares at Nanteos.	0:42:49	0:42:52
-You let the otters go.	0:42:56	0:42:58
-Yes, I'd go to the riverbank...	0:42:58	0:43:01
-..and fan the smell away -to put the dogs off the scent.	0:43:01	0:43:05
-I don't know how many got away.	0:43:05	0:43:07
-I remember once at Borth bog -when I was 21.	0:43:07	0:43:11
-It was the day after -my 21st birthday and a bank holiday.	0:43:11	0:43:15
-"If you catch one today, -I'll have the head mounted."	0:43:15	0:43:19
-Thank you very much, that's -the last thing I wanted in my house.	0:43:19	0:43:23
-But I didn't say a word.	0:43:23	0:43:25
-We spotted an otter -and he killed it.	0:43:26	0:43:29
-The thing is in a box -in Pandy somewhere.	0:43:30	0:43:33
-Goodness me! No, thank you!	0:43:33	0:43:35
-There are several -mounted on the wall in the hall.	0:43:35	0:43:39
-But that was his hobby.	0:43:39	0:43:41
-When was that, Sheila?	0:43:41	0:43:43
-The 1890s? 1900s?	0:43:43	0:43:46
-The First World War.	0:43:47	0:43:49
-Is that right?!	0:43:49	0:43:51
-Mr Ponsonby Lewes died in 1989...	0:43:56	0:43:59
-..and he left the estate...	0:43:59	0:44:01
-..the house and its contents -to the National Trust.	0:44:02	0:44:05
-A lot of work had to be carried out.	0:44:05	0:44:08
-The roof had been leaking -for several years.	0:44:08	0:44:12
-Nobody used this floor.	0:44:13	0:44:15
-Mr Lewes was on the ground floor...	0:44:16	0:44:18
-..because the rain -had rotted the woodwork.	0:44:19	0:44:22
-It took ten years...	0:44:23	0:44:25
-..to restore the house.	0:44:25	0:44:27
-If the National Trust -hadn't taken on the house...	0:44:28	0:44:31
-..it would have become a ruin.	0:44:32	0:44:34
-It was too dilapidated -for a person to buy...	0:44:34	0:44:37
-..as a nursing home, a hotel -or any business venture.	0:44:38	0:44:43
-It required too much work.	0:44:43	0:44:45
-It's changed completely.	0:44:53	0:44:55
-This is where -the Christmas decorations hung.	0:44:55	0:44:58
-It's completely different here.	0:44:58	0:45:02
-It's the same old Esse.	0:45:02	0:45:03
-It's the same old Esse. - -I know. Lovely!	0:45:03	0:45:05
-It's old -but it was used to heat the water...	0:45:05	0:45:09
-..and used for cooking.	0:45:09	0:45:11
-The table used to be here.	0:45:13	0:45:15
-Yes, up there...	0:45:15	0:45:17
-..and the dresser used to be there.	0:45:18	0:45:20
-You have a photograph...	0:45:20	0:45:22
-..of the tenants sitting around -the table at harvest.	0:45:23	0:45:27
-Yes, they had lunch here...	0:45:27	0:45:29
-..and dinner at night.	0:45:29	0:45:31
-After dinner here...	0:45:32	0:45:33
-..they'd all have a glass of whisky.	0:45:34	0:45:36
-Say you had a glass that size...	0:45:37	0:45:39
-..there was only enough room -for that much water.	0:45:39	0:45:42
-The rest was whisky.	0:45:42	0:45:44
-I have a lot of fond memories.	0:45:45	0:45:47
-It was really nice, wasn't it?	0:45:48	0:45:50
-It's nice looking back.	0:45:50	0:45:52
-It's a shame -that life has to change.	0:45:52	0:45:57
-It's all become -too modern these days.	0:45:57	0:46:01
-We had real fun back then.	0:46:01	0:46:03
-They say they were tough times -but they were happy times.	0:46:03	0:46:07
-The most obvious loss in Wales as -a result of the loss of mansions...	0:46:14	0:46:19
-..is the basic injustice -in society.	0:46:20	0:46:23
-The premise that one family -ruled over the community.	0:46:24	0:46:29
-That's certainly disappeared...	0:46:29	0:46:33
-..along with the Welsh mansion.	0:46:33	0:46:36
-Perhaps this injustice is to blame -for the neglect of these mansions.	0:46:39	0:46:45
-Since taking these photographs...	0:46:49	0:46:51
-..each of these historic treasures -has disappeared into oblivion.	0:46:51	0:46:56
-Before the rest disappear...	0:47:01	0:47:04
-..there's still a chance to -understand their true significance.	0:47:04	0:47:09
-S4C Subtitles by Adnod Cyf.	0:47:29	0:47:32
-.	0:47:32	0:47:33

Yr Hen Ffordd Gymreig o Fyw Y Plas

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