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APPLAUSE | 0:00:24 | 0:00:26 | |
Hey, good evening. | 0:00:30 | 0:00:32 | |
Welcome to QI, | 0:00:33 | 0:00:35 | |
for a show which is an overwhelming O-ssortment of operations. | 0:00:35 | 0:00:40 | |
And joining me in my theatre team are, Dr No, Bill Bailey. | 0:00:40 | 0:00:44 | |
CHEERING AND APPLAUSE | 0:00:44 | 0:00:46 | |
Dr Who, Rhod Gilbert. | 0:00:49 | 0:00:50 | |
CHEERING AND APPLAUSE | 0:00:50 | 0:00:52 | |
Dr Doolittle, Katherine Ryan. | 0:00:55 | 0:00:57 | |
CHEERING AND APPLAUSE | 0:00:57 | 0:00:58 | |
And... | 0:01:01 | 0:01:02 | |
"Doctor, Doctor, I think I'm a pair of curtains", Alan Davies. | 0:01:02 | 0:01:05 | |
CHEERING AND APPLAUSE | 0:01:05 | 0:01:07 | |
-Pull yourself together. -Pull yourself together. | 0:01:07 | 0:01:09 | |
Right, let's see how the patient's doing. Rhod goes... | 0:01:10 | 0:01:13 | |
FLATLINING HEART MONITOR BEEP | 0:01:13 | 0:01:15 | |
LAUGHTER | 0:01:15 | 0:01:16 | |
Oh, that's bad, we've lost one already. OK, Katherine goes... | 0:01:18 | 0:01:21 | |
REGULAR HEART MONITOR BEEP | 0:01:21 | 0:01:23 | |
Oh, that's better, that's much better. Yes. | 0:01:23 | 0:01:25 | |
Yeah, we've got it. | 0:01:25 | 0:01:26 | |
OK. Bill goes... | 0:01:26 | 0:01:28 | |
RAPID HEART MONITOR BEEP | 0:01:28 | 0:01:30 | |
Wow, that's... And Alan goes... | 0:01:30 | 0:01:32 | |
BEEP | 0:01:32 | 0:01:33 | |
Vehicle reversing. Vehicle reversing. | 0:01:33 | 0:01:35 | |
Vehicle reversing... | 0:01:35 | 0:01:36 | |
-They're so loud, some of those trucks. -They are! | 0:01:38 | 0:01:40 | |
Somewhere, the other day, I was about 50 yards away | 0:01:40 | 0:01:42 | |
and it was going, "This truck is turning left!" | 0:01:42 | 0:01:45 | |
"It's turning left!" And it wasn't. | 0:01:45 | 0:01:47 | |
I know, it's annoying. | 0:01:47 | 0:01:49 | |
Right, let's start with a special operation. | 0:01:49 | 0:01:51 | |
How can you turn a muffin into an offensive weapon? | 0:01:51 | 0:01:56 | |
I have muffins for you all. | 0:01:56 | 0:01:57 | |
There you are, there's some muffins, help yourselves. | 0:01:57 | 0:02:00 | |
Douse it in petrol. | 0:02:00 | 0:02:01 | |
-OK. Yes. -I don't know, just chuck it at someone? | 0:02:01 | 0:02:03 | |
Chuck it at somebody? Rhod, what do you reckon? | 0:02:03 | 0:02:05 | |
Turning a muffin into some kind of offensive weapon? | 0:02:05 | 0:02:08 | |
Just remove the "May contain nuts" label from it. | 0:02:08 | 0:02:10 | |
LAUGHTER | 0:02:10 | 0:02:11 | |
Yeah. We're in World War II. | 0:02:13 | 0:02:15 | |
You drop it out of a plane. | 0:02:15 | 0:02:17 | |
Just a single muffin? | 0:02:17 | 0:02:18 | |
A muffin. | 0:02:18 | 0:02:20 | |
"That'll teach you, Germans! Yeah." | 0:02:20 | 0:02:23 | |
"Argh, it's got me in the eye!" | 0:02:23 | 0:02:24 | |
Was it poisoned, was it presented to Hitler? | 0:02:24 | 0:02:27 | |
"Oh, there you go, obst und mein Fuhrer." | 0:02:27 | 0:02:29 | |
It is the most bizarre thing, Bill. | 0:02:29 | 0:02:31 | |
During World War II, flour mix was invented | 0:02:31 | 0:02:34 | |
that could either be eaten, or used as an explosive. | 0:02:34 | 0:02:37 | |
LAUGHTER | 0:02:37 | 0:02:39 | |
And, yeah, so the mix was invented by the Office of Strategic Services, | 0:02:39 | 0:02:42 | |
so that's the CIA's parent organisation. | 0:02:42 | 0:02:44 | |
Wow. | 0:02:44 | 0:02:45 | |
It consisted of 75% explosive powder and 25% ordinary wheat flour, | 0:02:45 | 0:02:48 | |
which is the way I like my muffins. | 0:02:48 | 0:02:50 | |
LAUGHTER | 0:02:50 | 0:02:51 | |
And if the holder was challenged, | 0:02:51 | 0:02:53 | |
it could either be eaten, or you could blow somebody up. | 0:02:53 | 0:02:55 | |
-So the early versions made you quite ill. -No shit! | 0:02:55 | 0:02:57 | |
-Yeah. -Yeah. I think that was part of the problem. -Yes, yes. | 0:02:57 | 0:03:00 | |
LAUGHTER | 0:03:00 | 0:03:02 | |
But, later versions, they made it fully edible | 0:03:02 | 0:03:04 | |
and it didn't matter whether you had made the flour into a cake. | 0:03:04 | 0:03:06 | |
You could stick a fuse into a muffin and it would still blow up. | 0:03:06 | 0:03:09 | |
Have you ever done that thing of making an exploding cake | 0:03:09 | 0:03:12 | |
for a children's birthday party? | 0:03:12 | 0:03:13 | |
It's very naughty, but it's terribly funny. | 0:03:13 | 0:03:15 | |
-And potentially fatal. -Yes. | 0:03:15 | 0:03:17 | |
LAUGHTER | 0:03:17 | 0:03:18 | |
You make a totally hollow cake and then you stick a balloon | 0:03:18 | 0:03:20 | |
in the middle and then you ice the whole thing | 0:03:20 | 0:03:23 | |
and when they cut into it, it goes, boom! | 0:03:23 | 0:03:24 | |
LAUGHTER | 0:03:24 | 0:03:26 | |
-A very good idea. -That's a good trick, isn't it? | 0:03:26 | 0:03:28 | |
-I'm very, very pleased with it. -That's a brilliant idea, yes. | 0:03:28 | 0:03:31 | |
Of course, the Germans had it, as well, | 0:03:31 | 0:03:32 | |
they had bombs that were disguised as a chocolate bar. | 0:03:32 | 0:03:34 | |
They had a mess tin full of bangers and mash, | 0:03:34 | 0:03:36 | |
which in fact was exploding. | 0:03:36 | 0:03:38 | |
Irresistible to the British Tommy! | 0:03:38 | 0:03:39 | |
LAUGHTER | 0:03:39 | 0:03:40 | |
"We jolly well shouldn't eat this, Roger." | 0:03:42 | 0:03:44 | |
"You're right, we shouldn't eat it." | 0:03:44 | 0:03:46 | |
"Enjoying your breakfast, Tommy?" "Yes, thank you." Boom! | 0:03:46 | 0:03:49 | |
LAUGHTER | 0:03:49 | 0:03:50 | |
And bombs were sometimes left in books | 0:03:50 | 0:03:52 | |
and were triggered by the removal of a picture | 0:03:52 | 0:03:55 | |
of a scantily clad woman! | 0:03:55 | 0:03:57 | |
COMEDIC GASPS | 0:03:57 | 0:03:59 | |
"Don't remove the picture, Roger." "I can't resist her." | 0:03:59 | 0:04:01 | |
Can't resist her. | 0:04:01 | 0:04:02 | |
LAUGHTER | 0:04:02 | 0:04:04 | |
Now, I am about to carry out an operation. | 0:04:04 | 0:04:08 | |
What's the first question I should ask myself? | 0:04:08 | 0:04:10 | |
LAUGHTER | 0:04:10 | 0:04:12 | |
Is there a balloon in the patient? | 0:04:12 | 0:04:14 | |
LAUGHTER | 0:04:14 | 0:04:16 | |
Should I have taken all these selfies with the sleeping patient? | 0:04:16 | 0:04:19 | |
LAUGHTER | 0:04:19 | 0:04:20 | |
Am I sober? | 0:04:20 | 0:04:22 | |
Yes. Where am I? | 0:04:22 | 0:04:23 | |
Should I at least have a quick look on Wikihow? | 0:04:23 | 0:04:26 | |
Absolutely. | 0:04:26 | 0:04:27 | |
LAUGHTER | 0:04:27 | 0:04:29 | |
So, there's a list of questions. | 0:04:29 | 0:04:31 | |
-Is there? An official list? -There's a list of questions. | 0:04:31 | 0:04:34 | |
The first thing you have to ask yourself is, | 0:04:34 | 0:04:36 | |
do we have the right patient? | 0:04:36 | 0:04:38 | |
-Do we have the right patient? -Is the very first question. | 0:04:38 | 0:04:40 | |
Make sure you know which bit of the body | 0:04:40 | 0:04:43 | |
you are going to be operating on. | 0:04:43 | 0:04:45 | |
-I thought "location" meant am I in the hospital? -Yeah. Yes. | 0:04:45 | 0:04:48 | |
I'm in the shed with the pliers, is this best practice? | 0:04:48 | 0:04:51 | |
LAUGHTER | 0:04:51 | 0:04:52 | |
If it had said "identity" and then "location, location, location". | 0:04:52 | 0:04:56 | |
LAUGHTER | 0:04:56 | 0:04:57 | |
What are we doing in that location? | 0:04:57 | 0:04:59 | |
In other words, what is the procedure that we're going to do? | 0:04:59 | 0:05:01 | |
And did the patient, before they were conked-out, | 0:05:01 | 0:05:03 | |
say that it was OK to do this? | 0:05:03 | 0:05:05 | |
-Ah. -So these are the things. -It's really basic stuff, this. -Yeah. | 0:05:05 | 0:05:07 | |
I thought our surgeons were kind of ahead of this stuff. | 0:05:07 | 0:05:10 | |
That's the extraordinary thing. 2008, the World Health Organization, | 0:05:10 | 0:05:13 | |
they composed a set of 19 questions to be asked before | 0:05:13 | 0:05:16 | |
and after all surgical operations, to reduce hospital errors. | 0:05:16 | 0:05:19 | |
And it's called the Safe Surgery checklist. | 0:05:19 | 0:05:21 | |
And it sounds really simple, | 0:05:21 | 0:05:23 | |
but the use of this check list has reduced deaths by 40%... | 0:05:23 | 0:05:27 | |
Oh, no! | 0:05:27 | 0:05:28 | |
..and complications by one third. | 0:05:28 | 0:05:31 | |
So is that the... So before all these checks then, | 0:05:31 | 0:05:34 | |
were there just surgeons just going, "Right, bring him in!" | 0:05:34 | 0:05:37 | |
Yeah, yeah. | 0:05:37 | 0:05:38 | |
LAUGHTER | 0:05:38 | 0:05:40 | |
"Right, all done! Right, come on." | 0:05:40 | 0:05:41 | |
"Let's just tuck in, come on!" | 0:05:41 | 0:05:42 | |
"He looks like he could have his leg off." | 0:05:42 | 0:05:44 | |
"Come on. Next!" | 0:05:44 | 0:05:46 | |
LAUGHTER | 0:05:46 | 0:05:47 | |
One surgeon who had no problem identifying the patient whatsoever | 0:05:47 | 0:05:50 | |
was a Soviet surgeon called Leonid Rogozov. | 0:05:50 | 0:05:53 | |
So he realised he had appendicitis, but he was visiting | 0:05:53 | 0:05:55 | |
the Antarctic and so he had no choice but to operate on himself. | 0:05:55 | 0:06:00 | |
-Oof! -So he described the pain as... | 0:06:00 | 0:06:02 | |
"A snowstorm whipping through my soul, wailing like 100 jackals." | 0:06:02 | 0:06:07 | |
LAUGHTER | 0:06:07 | 0:06:09 | |
I think he wrote that long after he was better | 0:06:09 | 0:06:11 | |
because I don't think you're going to come out with that sentence | 0:06:11 | 0:06:14 | |
-while you're... -"What's it feel like, Leonid?" | 0:06:14 | 0:06:16 | |
"It feels like a snow storm whipping through..." | 0:06:16 | 0:06:18 | |
Yeah. He worked on himself for an hour and 45 minutes, | 0:06:18 | 0:06:21 | |
and he was back at work within a fortnight. | 0:06:21 | 0:06:23 | |
He worked on himself for an hour and 45... | 0:06:23 | 0:06:26 | |
LAUGHTER | 0:06:26 | 0:06:27 | |
Sorry, sorry, sorry. | 0:06:27 | 0:06:29 | |
Well, it's that kind of thought, Rhod, | 0:06:29 | 0:06:32 | |
that led a man called Boston Corbett to perform self-surgery. | 0:06:32 | 0:06:36 | |
Here is Boston Corbett. | 0:06:36 | 0:06:37 | |
He is famous in history as the man | 0:06:37 | 0:06:39 | |
who killed Abraham Lincoln's assassin, John Wilkes Booth. | 0:06:39 | 0:06:42 | |
But he believed that he was very tempted by ladies, and that he | 0:06:42 | 0:06:46 | |
didn't like this, so he castrated himself with a pair of scissors. | 0:06:46 | 0:06:49 | |
-Ooh! -GASPS | 0:06:49 | 0:06:51 | |
Oh, good action, good action from the audience there. | 0:06:51 | 0:06:53 | |
In order to avoid temptation of prostitutes... | 0:06:53 | 0:06:55 | |
He cut his own testicles off with a scissors | 0:06:55 | 0:06:57 | |
to avoid the temptation of... | 0:06:57 | 0:06:58 | |
-Yes. -Why didn't he just walk down a different street? -Yes. | 0:06:58 | 0:07:01 | |
LAUGHTER | 0:07:01 | 0:07:03 | |
He thought that eunuchs were more likely to get into heaven. | 0:07:03 | 0:07:05 | |
-Oh, my word! -I like him, I wish more men would take this path. | 0:07:05 | 0:07:08 | |
Every house has got scissors. | 0:07:10 | 0:07:12 | |
LAUGHTER | 0:07:12 | 0:07:13 | |
They say that delivering a child hurts as much as having | 0:07:13 | 0:07:16 | |
your leg amputated at the thigh | 0:07:16 | 0:07:19 | |
without any pain relief. | 0:07:19 | 0:07:21 | |
Who has been through those two things that could tell? | 0:07:21 | 0:07:24 | |
LAUGHTER | 0:07:24 | 0:07:25 | |
That's unlucky. That's a bad day, isn't it? | 0:07:25 | 0:07:28 | |
Yeah, that's not good. Now, doctors, what's your diagnosis here? | 0:07:28 | 0:07:32 | |
LAUGHTER | 0:07:32 | 0:07:33 | |
He'd fallen asleep on a stag do. | 0:07:35 | 0:07:37 | |
LAUGHTER | 0:07:37 | 0:07:39 | |
He was running a circus school and his students hated him. | 0:07:39 | 0:07:42 | |
The world's worst. | 0:07:42 | 0:07:43 | |
It's a party game, is it? | 0:07:43 | 0:07:45 | |
Pin the sword on the nutter. | 0:07:45 | 0:07:47 | |
LAUGHTER | 0:07:47 | 0:07:48 | |
So, this is possibly one of the earliest | 0:07:49 | 0:07:52 | |
anatomical drawings for medics. | 0:07:52 | 0:07:54 | |
He was known as the Wound Man. | 0:07:54 | 0:07:56 | |
It's a medieval image, first printed in a book, 1491, in Venice. | 0:07:56 | 0:08:00 | |
It's all the various things, so he's been injured, if you look there, | 0:08:00 | 0:08:03 | |
with daggers, he's been shot with arrows, he's been lacerated, | 0:08:03 | 0:08:06 | |
he's been stung by bees, scorpions, been clubbed in the head. | 0:08:06 | 0:08:08 | |
Bitten by a dog, scratched by thorns. | 0:08:08 | 0:08:10 | |
Blasted by cannonballs, he's definitely got plague | 0:08:10 | 0:08:13 | |
and bad spots, and he appears to have a toad in his stomach. | 0:08:13 | 0:08:15 | |
So, it's, as it were, the contents page to the book. | 0:08:15 | 0:08:19 | |
What a shame though, for a guy who obviously looks after himself | 0:08:19 | 0:08:21 | |
and goes to the gym. | 0:08:21 | 0:08:23 | |
LAUGHTER | 0:08:23 | 0:08:24 | |
To go down like that. | 0:08:24 | 0:08:26 | |
-He eats Paleo. -Yeah. | 0:08:26 | 0:08:28 | |
You know, he's really healthy, he thought he'd have a long life... | 0:08:28 | 0:08:31 | |
-Uh-oh. -Yeah, all of those things happen to him. | 0:08:31 | 0:08:33 | |
He's a curious contradiction, though, | 0:08:33 | 0:08:35 | |
because he doesn't look after his appearance enough | 0:08:35 | 0:08:38 | |
-to remove a sword from his head. -No. | 0:08:38 | 0:08:40 | |
But he does buy his underwear in Agent Provocateur. | 0:08:40 | 0:08:43 | |
LAUGHTER | 0:08:43 | 0:08:44 | |
Yeah. They're quite snug. | 0:08:45 | 0:08:46 | |
They are on the tight side, aren't they? | 0:08:46 | 0:08:48 | |
-Yeah. Ironically, that's the most pain he's in. -Yeah. | 0:08:48 | 0:08:51 | |
LAUGHTER | 0:08:51 | 0:08:52 | |
"It's gone right up me arse, that has!" | 0:08:53 | 0:08:56 | |
-Ooh. -He's come back from a sort of Civil War re-enactment, you know. | 0:08:56 | 0:09:00 | |
"So, how did it go?" "Don't ask!" | 0:09:00 | 0:09:02 | |
"They nicked my armour, I'm left in my pants, look at this!" | 0:09:05 | 0:09:08 | |
LAUGHTER | 0:09:08 | 0:09:09 | |
Oh, dear. | 0:09:09 | 0:09:10 | |
The doctor's going to go, "I'm going to try something new." | 0:09:10 | 0:09:13 | |
"Don't pooh-pooh it straight away, it's called acupuncture. | 0:09:13 | 0:09:15 | |
Yeah. | 0:09:15 | 0:09:16 | |
LAUGHTER | 0:09:16 | 0:09:18 | |
They also had one for women, it isn't just the Wound Man. | 0:09:18 | 0:09:20 | |
They had Disease Woman. | 0:09:20 | 0:09:22 | |
LAUGHTER | 0:09:22 | 0:09:23 | |
There she is. And... | 0:09:25 | 0:09:27 | |
Is Marvel running out of superheroes? | 0:09:27 | 0:09:29 | |
LAUGHTER | 0:09:29 | 0:09:30 | |
Look over there, it's Disease Woman! | 0:09:30 | 0:09:33 | |
In the United States they have an exceptionally complex system | 0:09:33 | 0:09:36 | |
for categorising injuries. | 0:09:36 | 0:09:38 | |
It's called the ICD-10 System. | 0:09:38 | 0:09:40 | |
The International Classification of Diseases. | 0:09:40 | 0:09:42 | |
There are 140,000 detailed codes for different complaints, | 0:09:42 | 0:09:46 | |
and they are extremely specific. | 0:09:46 | 0:09:48 | |
So they include "bitten by orca". | 0:09:48 | 0:09:51 | |
"Forced landing of spacecraft injuring occupant." | 0:09:51 | 0:09:55 | |
"Asphyxiation due to being trapped in a car trunk." | 0:09:56 | 0:09:59 | |
"Burn due to water-skis on fire..." | 0:09:59 | 0:10:03 | |
That's really hard! | 0:10:05 | 0:10:06 | |
-How could that ever happen? -I don't know. -That is so unlucky. | 0:10:06 | 0:10:09 | |
But my absolute favourite - "hurt at opera". | 0:10:09 | 0:10:12 | |
Otherwise known as the Abraham Lincoln. | 0:10:14 | 0:10:17 | |
Yes. The first attempts to categorise diseases in this country | 0:10:17 | 0:10:20 | |
are the Bills of Mortality. | 0:10:20 | 0:10:22 | |
And there was a man called John Graunt, | 0:10:22 | 0:10:24 | |
who was actually a haberdasher, but he was very interested | 0:10:24 | 0:10:27 | |
in trying to work out the various things that people died of. | 0:10:27 | 0:10:29 | |
So we're talking 16th century. And he put together these | 0:10:29 | 0:10:32 | |
Bills of Mortality, and they're great. If you have a look, | 0:10:32 | 0:10:34 | |
these are the different things that people died of. They are just... | 0:10:34 | 0:10:37 | |
"Griping in the guts," 1,288 people died of that, "griping in the guts". | 0:10:37 | 0:10:41 | |
Griping. | 0:10:41 | 0:10:42 | |
-"Lethargy" is already my favourite. -That's a good one. | 0:10:42 | 0:10:44 | |
-That's quite good, yeah. -"Oh, I can't be bothered." | 0:10:44 | 0:10:46 | |
-That's the way I want to go. -Yeah! | 0:10:46 | 0:10:48 | |
-Lethargy. -Just too lethargic to live. | 0:10:48 | 0:10:50 | |
I quite like "frighted". 23 people died "frighted". | 0:10:50 | 0:10:53 | |
That's good - "killed by several accidents". | 0:10:53 | 0:10:55 | |
I like the "found dead in the streets, field, etc." | 0:10:57 | 0:11:00 | |
"What, how did he die?" "I don't know, they just found him." | 0:11:00 | 0:11:03 | |
-He, no, he was just, he was just dead. -Just found him. | 0:11:03 | 0:11:05 | |
Some of these Bills of Mortality, they just had, | 0:11:05 | 0:11:08 | |
"Cause of death - suddenly." That's it, just... | 0:11:08 | 0:11:10 | |
-That'll sort you out. -Yeah. | 0:11:11 | 0:11:13 | |
-"Teeth and worms"! -How do you die of teeth and worms? | 0:11:13 | 0:11:16 | |
Two thousand, six hundred and... | 0:11:16 | 0:11:17 | |
I'll tell you what, Wound Man would have read that, and he'd go, | 0:11:17 | 0:11:20 | |
"Yeah, I've had that, I've had that, I've had that. | 0:11:20 | 0:11:23 | |
-"I've had all them." -Brain surgery - new, old? | 0:11:23 | 0:11:26 | |
Oh, no, it's probably old, isn't it? | 0:11:26 | 0:11:28 | |
I don't know. This is not brain surgery, | 0:11:28 | 0:11:30 | |
but it's about a doctor's understanding of the brain. | 0:11:30 | 0:11:32 | |
There was a guy who got, on the railroads, | 0:11:32 | 0:11:34 | |
who got, he had an accident | 0:11:34 | 0:11:35 | |
and he got a four-foot metal rod through his head. | 0:11:35 | 0:11:37 | |
-Right. -Phineas somebody. | 0:11:37 | 0:11:40 | |
-Phineas Gage. -Phineas Gage. -Yeah. | 0:11:40 | 0:11:41 | |
Phineas Gage had an accident, pole through his head, | 0:11:41 | 0:11:44 | |
and they left it in, | 0:11:44 | 0:11:46 | |
because they didn't want to take it out in case it killed him. | 0:11:46 | 0:11:49 | |
-Yeah. -And he was fine until a train came through. | 0:11:49 | 0:11:51 | |
And then it affected his mood, so they were wondering where it had, | 0:11:54 | 0:11:56 | |
had it damaged his frontal cortex? Because I mean, I don't know | 0:11:56 | 0:11:59 | |
why they were so surprised it affected his moods, to be honest. | 0:11:59 | 0:12:01 | |
-Yeah. -But his boss was saying he started swearing, | 0:12:01 | 0:12:03 | |
his wife left him, I think. | 0:12:03 | 0:12:05 | |
All his friends saying, "He's a real misery now." | 0:12:05 | 0:12:08 | |
I should imagine his wife left him. | 0:12:08 | 0:12:10 | |
-He probably couldn't get in the house. -I know. | 0:12:10 | 0:12:13 | |
"Watch what you're doing with your pole!" "What?" "Ow!" | 0:12:13 | 0:12:15 | |
He had to do a three-point turn on the trains, just to turn round. | 0:12:15 | 0:12:19 | |
But we're going back much further than the 19th century, so Neolithic. | 0:12:19 | 0:12:22 | |
It's probably the oldest of the practised medical arts, | 0:12:22 | 0:12:24 | |
-brain surgery. -Would this be trepanning, or something like that? | 0:12:24 | 0:12:27 | |
-So, trepanning, yes. -Yes. -They'd drill a hole in the head | 0:12:27 | 0:12:29 | |
because they want to get out the little tiny bits of bone that have | 0:12:29 | 0:12:32 | |
gone into the brain when they've been hit with a club or something. | 0:12:32 | 0:12:35 | |
A drill, though, how did they have a drill in Neolithic times? | 0:12:35 | 0:12:37 | |
-Ah, well, they would have had, like, a chisel. -What would it have | 0:12:37 | 0:12:40 | |
-been in Neolithic times? What would the chisel be made out of? -Stone. | 0:12:40 | 0:12:42 | |
A stone chisel. And then the hammer was made out of stone? | 0:12:42 | 0:12:45 | |
-Yeah. -And the bed was made out of stone, I'm guessing? | 0:12:45 | 0:12:47 | |
There was a lot of stone. There was a lot of stone, yeah. | 0:12:47 | 0:12:49 | |
Have you seen The Flintstones? It's just like that, yeah. | 0:12:49 | 0:12:52 | |
But surely in Neolithic period, they didn't know that your brain | 0:12:53 | 0:12:57 | |
was as important as it is. Because wasn't there a time | 0:12:57 | 0:12:59 | |
when they thought that your whole personality was in your chest? | 0:12:59 | 0:13:02 | |
Yeah, but everybody would have known what it was to have a headache. | 0:13:02 | 0:13:05 | |
I don't think that's a new thing. | 0:13:05 | 0:13:07 | |
Can you imagine if you'd said that to Phineas Gage? | 0:13:07 | 0:13:09 | |
"Yes, Phineas, we all know what it's like to have a headache." | 0:13:09 | 0:13:12 | |
I think maybe a lot of your personality is somehow | 0:13:14 | 0:13:17 | |
-in your chest. -OK, some girls feel that. That's fine. | 0:13:17 | 0:13:19 | |
I like her. | 0:13:23 | 0:13:25 | |
I think we think from here sometimes. | 0:13:27 | 0:13:30 | |
Yes, we think in an emotional manner, rather than... | 0:13:30 | 0:13:32 | |
-Yes, I would agree with you. -Yeah. | 0:13:32 | 0:13:34 | |
It's a good foot above where we think from. | 0:13:34 | 0:13:36 | |
Wound Man was a medieval superhero | 0:13:39 | 0:13:41 | |
whose superpower was having everything wrong with him. | 0:13:41 | 0:13:43 | |
What would you do if you found 2,000 skeletons in your closet? | 0:13:43 | 0:13:48 | |
I would cancel my dog's credit card. | 0:13:48 | 0:13:50 | |
Katherine, what do you reckon? | 0:13:54 | 0:13:55 | |
I live in a Catholic church conversion, | 0:13:55 | 0:13:57 | |
so it is likely there are. | 0:13:57 | 0:13:59 | |
-Oh. Does it feel spooky? -It doesn't feel spooky. | 0:13:59 | 0:14:02 | |
My nana was really upset, but it's been deconsecrated | 0:14:02 | 0:14:05 | |
so that you can swear in it, and do all sorts. | 0:14:05 | 0:14:07 | |
I expect that happened before, don't you? | 0:14:07 | 0:14:09 | |
-She checked. -Oh, really? OK. -Mm-hmm. | 0:14:09 | 0:14:11 | |
-Is she Catholic? -She is Irish Catholic, so, I mean... | 0:14:11 | 0:14:14 | |
-Oh, right. -And dead. | 0:14:14 | 0:14:16 | |
And yet she still came over to check. That's love. | 0:14:18 | 0:14:22 | |
She was a little too nosy for her own good. | 0:14:22 | 0:14:25 | |
So, a collection of thousands of skeletons was discovered in Rome | 0:14:25 | 0:14:27 | |
in 1578, and nobody knew who they were, and the Church thought, | 0:14:27 | 0:14:32 | |
"This is fantastic," because for several decades, the Protestants had | 0:14:32 | 0:14:35 | |
been stealing their relics, and what they really needed was new ones. | 0:14:35 | 0:14:40 | |
So, they employed psychics to try and see if there were any martyrs | 0:14:40 | 0:14:44 | |
amongst them. And when they found a likely candidate, they gave them | 0:14:44 | 0:14:47 | |
a new name and a back-story and they sent them out to the churches | 0:14:47 | 0:14:50 | |
across Europe. | 0:14:50 | 0:14:52 | |
They couldn't actually sell them as relics, but what they could do is | 0:14:52 | 0:14:54 | |
they could charge them transport, decoration, induction, blessing. | 0:14:54 | 0:15:00 | |
They would dress them up, they would cover them in jewels, | 0:15:00 | 0:15:02 | |
like this, and put them on display. | 0:15:02 | 0:15:04 | |
The real problem with this was they didn't send them | 0:15:04 | 0:15:06 | |
with any instructions. | 0:15:06 | 0:15:08 | |
So it was like a flat-pack without instructions. | 0:15:08 | 0:15:10 | |
Come on, put a bit of make-up on it! | 0:15:10 | 0:15:12 | |
-So loads of the skeletons were just... -Bunged together. | 0:15:12 | 0:15:14 | |
Honestly, just all over the shop. | 0:15:14 | 0:15:17 | |
Looks like the House of Lords, doesn't it? | 0:15:17 | 0:15:19 | |
Now, time for a secret operation. | 0:15:21 | 0:15:23 | |
What is the point of a tap in the ocean? | 0:15:23 | 0:15:27 | |
That's not a real picture. | 0:15:27 | 0:15:28 | |
It isn't a real picture, | 0:15:31 | 0:15:32 | |
because in Britain, you'd have two taps for no reason at all. | 0:15:32 | 0:15:35 | |
OK, I don't understand this. | 0:15:37 | 0:15:38 | |
So you have a... You have a hot tap and you have a cold tap, right? | 0:15:38 | 0:15:41 | |
-What? Yes! -Yes, well, how is that? | 0:15:41 | 0:15:42 | |
-So you're trying to wash your hands. -Yes... | 0:15:42 | 0:15:44 | |
And what happens, you put it under the hot tap, you go, "Argh!" | 0:15:44 | 0:15:47 | |
-"Argh, argh!" -And then you go for the cold tap, and go, "Argh!" | 0:15:47 | 0:15:50 | |
-"Ooh-hoo-hoo, oh, hoo-hoo! Argh! Ooh-hoo-hoo!" -Yeah. | 0:15:50 | 0:15:52 | |
How is it the British haven't discovered there's a mixer tap?! | 0:15:52 | 0:15:55 | |
-What is it...? What...? -It's the only excitement we get. | 0:15:55 | 0:15:58 | |
Oh, is that...? Did you find that baffling when you arrived? | 0:15:58 | 0:16:00 | |
-I still find it baffling. -Yeah, no. -And I don't understand radiators. | 0:16:00 | 0:16:03 | |
Why you want to heat an entire house | 0:16:03 | 0:16:05 | |
with a small hot metal plate in the corner. | 0:16:05 | 0:16:08 | |
-It doesn't work! -What would you do instead? | 0:16:08 | 0:16:10 | |
We have forced air in Canada, otherwise you freeze to death. | 0:16:10 | 0:16:13 | |
-What do you have? A four what? -What? | 0:16:13 | 0:16:15 | |
-Forced air, just same as air-con. -You know... -Oh, forced air-con. | 0:16:15 | 0:16:18 | |
-Yes. -Yeah. -I've never heard the term... I'm 40... | 0:16:18 | 0:16:21 | |
..late 40s, and I don't... | 0:16:21 | 0:16:23 | |
I genuinely didn't know how old I was then, but I've never... | 0:16:23 | 0:16:27 | |
I'm not going to bother sitting here working it out, | 0:16:27 | 0:16:30 | |
but I mean, I'm 50 soon, and I've never heard the term forced air. | 0:16:30 | 0:16:33 | |
-Well, not in that context. -I love the fact... | 0:16:33 | 0:16:36 | |
I love the fact, Rhod, that I'm asking you some quite complicated | 0:16:36 | 0:16:39 | |
science questions, and you don't know how old you are. | 0:16:39 | 0:16:42 | |
-I'm about 49. -You're about 49. -About 49. -Have you just worked it out? | 0:16:44 | 0:16:47 | |
Yeah. | 0:16:47 | 0:16:49 | |
I'm so used to saying "I'm 50 in a few years," | 0:16:49 | 0:16:52 | |
I'm so used to saying that, that, for a moment, it stumped me. | 0:16:52 | 0:16:54 | |
No, but the thing is, though, it is quite good to know how old you are, | 0:16:54 | 0:16:57 | |
and the producer has just told me in my ear, Rhod, that you're 48. | 0:16:57 | 0:17:00 | |
APPLAUSE | 0:17:02 | 0:17:05 | |
Is there a really easy way to remember how old you are? | 0:17:11 | 0:17:13 | |
-Yeah. -Yeah. -Is there like a little...? | 0:17:13 | 0:17:14 | |
Like some kind of song I can sing, or something? Or... | 0:17:14 | 0:17:17 | |
I've never needed a mnemonic for my age, but I'm sure we can invent one. | 0:17:17 | 0:17:20 | |
I'm going to come back to what's the point...? | 0:17:20 | 0:17:23 | |
-What's the point?! -What's the point? That's the question. | 0:17:23 | 0:17:25 | |
-What was the question? -Yes. | 0:17:25 | 0:17:27 | |
-I've written one for you. -Yeah? | 0:17:27 | 0:17:29 | |
-I've written one for you. -OK, here we go. -How about like, | 0:17:29 | 0:17:31 | |
# What year are we in today? | 0:17:31 | 0:17:33 | |
# When am I born? Just take that away | 0:17:33 | 0:17:35 | |
# You don't have to be a whiz, | 0:17:35 | 0:17:37 | |
# That's how old Rhod Gilbert is. # | 0:17:37 | 0:17:40 | |
APPLAUSE | 0:17:40 | 0:17:45 | |
-Sweet! -Very good. | 0:17:45 | 0:17:47 | |
I've just followed your poetic guidelines - I'm 48. | 0:17:47 | 0:17:49 | |
-Is this... -At the risk of repetition, | 0:17:49 | 0:17:51 | |
WHAT IS THE POINT OF A TAP IN THE OCEAN?! | 0:17:51 | 0:17:53 | |
Is it so that when sea levels rise, you can turn it off? I don't know. | 0:17:55 | 0:17:58 | |
-So it's not actually a water tap. -It's not a tap. | 0:17:58 | 0:18:00 | |
-No, it's a rather... -Oh, tap, oh... | 0:18:00 | 0:18:01 | |
And so what else could you tap? What is another kind of tapping | 0:18:01 | 0:18:04 | |
-that people do when they're trying to listen in? -I know. | 0:18:04 | 0:18:06 | |
-TAPS DESK -There's a shark behind you. | 0:18:06 | 0:18:08 | |
-Yeah. -Is it a wire, | 0:18:08 | 0:18:11 | |
when they put a transatlantic radio communications wire? | 0:18:11 | 0:18:15 | |
So, it's Cold War. | 0:18:15 | 0:18:16 | |
It's called Operation: Ivy Bells, and it took place from 1971 to 1981, | 0:18:16 | 0:18:19 | |
and it was the USA wire-tapping a Russian underseas cable. | 0:18:19 | 0:18:23 | |
That thing - they're moving it into position there - | 0:18:23 | 0:18:25 | |
is a giant tape recorder, and they just put it onto the wire. | 0:18:25 | 0:18:28 | |
-Good God! -So the sailors on a submarine, | 0:18:28 | 0:18:30 | |
-the USS Halibut, located a Soviet cable... -USS Halibut! | 0:18:30 | 0:18:34 | |
They located a Russian cable off the Russian east coast, | 0:18:35 | 0:18:38 | |
and they moved a six-metre long recording pod around it | 0:18:38 | 0:18:40 | |
to track the communications. | 0:18:40 | 0:18:42 | |
The thing I really like about it, because this - we're talking | 0:18:42 | 0:18:44 | |
some years ago now - the device had to be updated every month, | 0:18:44 | 0:18:48 | |
so divers had to leave a submarine once a month and change the tapes. | 0:18:48 | 0:18:52 | |
But it was hugely successful, it ran for a decade, | 0:18:53 | 0:18:55 | |
until a National Security Agency employee of the United States | 0:18:55 | 0:18:58 | |
sold the information to the KGB. | 0:18:58 | 0:19:00 | |
Spying was a lot more hassle back then, | 0:19:00 | 0:19:02 | |
when you've got to train a team of divers, get submarines... | 0:19:02 | 0:19:05 | |
-Yeah. -Now you just need somebody's maiden name | 0:19:05 | 0:19:07 | |
-and their first pet's name, and you're off. -Yeah. -Yeah. | 0:19:07 | 0:19:10 | |
Or if you're the Russians, you just have to go and see Donald Trump | 0:19:10 | 0:19:12 | |
and ask him. | 0:19:12 | 0:19:14 | |
APPLAUSE | 0:19:14 | 0:19:18 | |
99% of all international data | 0:19:20 | 0:19:21 | |
-is transmitted through underseas cables. -Good Lord! | 0:19:21 | 0:19:23 | |
And so you know when we talk about the cloud? | 0:19:23 | 0:19:25 | |
It's actually underwater. | 0:19:25 | 0:19:27 | |
The cloud is underwater, Sandi? | 0:19:27 | 0:19:28 | |
-Good Lord. -That's done your head in, hasn't it, Rhod? | 0:19:32 | 0:19:34 | |
-Yes. -How old am I again? | 0:19:34 | 0:19:36 | |
# Happy birthday to you... # | 0:19:36 | 0:19:38 | |
I'm going to write down 48 and make a badge. | 0:19:40 | 0:19:42 | |
There we go. | 0:19:42 | 0:19:44 | |
550,000 miles of cable, so enough to get to the moon and back. And... | 0:19:44 | 0:19:49 | |
If you were on the moon, and you jumped off... | 0:19:49 | 0:19:51 | |
-Yes? -..would you land on the earth? | 0:19:51 | 0:19:53 | |
Hold on, hold on, what are you doing on the moon anyway? | 0:19:53 | 0:19:55 | |
Well, I don't know, maybe... | 0:19:55 | 0:19:57 | |
Have you been left behind by a spacecraft? | 0:19:57 | 0:19:59 | |
Yeah. You got an Uber, and it went horribly wrong. | 0:19:59 | 0:20:01 | |
It depends which side you're on. | 0:20:01 | 0:20:04 | |
I just think if you jumped off the moon, you would just fall... | 0:20:04 | 0:20:07 | |
-..and you'd land on earth. -Yeah. -No. | 0:20:07 | 0:20:09 | |
I don't think you'd be in a great state. | 0:20:09 | 0:20:10 | |
I mean I think you'd be like Wound Man by the time you got down. | 0:20:10 | 0:20:13 | |
-BILL: -Yeah, you would. Yes. | 0:20:13 | 0:20:14 | |
-KATHERINE: -They know about space, this is my problem with the sea. | 0:20:14 | 0:20:17 | |
-Right. -They can tell us all kinds of things about planets and space | 0:20:17 | 0:20:20 | |
and other galaxies, they've been to the moon, allegedly, | 0:20:20 | 0:20:23 | |
but they've not been to the bottom of the sea. | 0:20:23 | 0:20:25 | |
I've been to the bottom of the sea, in parts of it. | 0:20:25 | 0:20:27 | |
-Have you? -Yes. | 0:20:27 | 0:20:29 | |
-What's down there? -My feet. | 0:20:29 | 0:20:31 | |
Now, which body part was used to stop the Netherlands flooding | 0:20:34 | 0:20:37 | |
in 1953? | 0:20:37 | 0:20:40 | |
Yes, Bill? | 0:20:40 | 0:20:42 | |
Somebody put their finger in a dyke. | 0:20:42 | 0:20:44 | |
Oh! | 0:20:44 | 0:20:45 | |
KLAXON | 0:20:45 | 0:20:47 | |
No, it's been mentioned on QI before, | 0:20:49 | 0:20:51 | |
the story of the Dutch boy sticking his finger in the dyke is a myth. | 0:20:51 | 0:20:54 | |
What other body part might you put in a hole to...? | 0:20:54 | 0:20:56 | |
Anybody? | 0:20:59 | 0:21:01 | |
-The penis. -Penis! | 0:21:01 | 0:21:02 | |
KLAXON | 0:21:02 | 0:21:04 | |
Hurray! | 0:21:04 | 0:21:06 | |
I was sucked into that! | 0:21:06 | 0:21:07 | |
I can categorically tell you no dyke needs a penis. So... | 0:21:09 | 0:21:12 | |
Wahey! | 0:21:12 | 0:21:14 | |
APPLAUSE | 0:21:14 | 0:21:16 | |
No, sadly 100 men just put their shoulders against the water barrier, | 0:21:19 | 0:21:22 | |
that's all. So it feels... | 0:21:22 | 0:21:24 | |
GROANS OF DISAPPOINTMENT I know, tame, it feels really tame. | 0:21:24 | 0:21:26 | |
-Is that what it is? -Yeah. | 0:21:26 | 0:21:28 | |
But there is a story of sort of plugging a hole, | 0:21:28 | 0:21:29 | |
it's done in a rather more dramatic manner. | 0:21:29 | 0:21:31 | |
So these were the great North Sea floods, and there was a danger of | 0:21:31 | 0:21:34 | |
three million people being at risk if this particular dyke had burst. | 0:21:34 | 0:21:37 | |
And what the mayor of the town did, he requisitioned a grain barge, | 0:21:37 | 0:21:41 | |
and he ordered the captain to steer it directly at the dyke head-first, | 0:21:41 | 0:21:44 | |
and it plugged the breach and it saved thousands of lives. | 0:21:44 | 0:21:47 | |
So, yeah, there is a story where somebody did something heroic, but | 0:21:47 | 0:21:50 | |
it was neither done with a finger nor their nether part of any kind. | 0:21:50 | 0:21:54 | |
That must have been difficult, the water rushing. | 0:21:54 | 0:21:56 | |
Yes. And the captain having to decide to do that. | 0:21:56 | 0:21:58 | |
Trying to steer it. They could make that a film with Tom Hanks. | 0:21:58 | 0:22:01 | |
Yeah. | 0:22:01 | 0:22:03 | |
Did you know that some British canals have got plugs in them? | 0:22:03 | 0:22:07 | |
In 1978, a man called Bill Thorpe was employed to work on | 0:22:07 | 0:22:11 | |
the 18th century Chesterfield Canal - there it is, extremely beautiful - | 0:22:11 | 0:22:14 | |
and he was dredging the canal to get rid of rubbish, | 0:22:14 | 0:22:16 | |
and he accidentally pulled the plug out. | 0:22:16 | 0:22:19 | |
And when he got back to work the next day, the canal was gone. | 0:22:19 | 0:22:22 | |
Gone! | 0:22:22 | 0:22:24 | |
Most canals were built with some form of emergency drainage, | 0:22:24 | 0:22:27 | |
but he had no idea there was a plug. | 0:22:27 | 0:22:29 | |
Now for the mopping-up operation that we call General Ignorance. | 0:22:29 | 0:22:32 | |
Fingers on buzzers, please. | 0:22:32 | 0:22:35 | |
To the nearest five years, what was the average age in the Home Guard? | 0:22:35 | 0:22:41 | |
Yes, Rhod? | 0:22:41 | 0:22:42 | |
60. | 0:22:42 | 0:22:43 | |
KLAXON | 0:22:43 | 0:22:45 | |
60 is a very, very fine answer. | 0:22:45 | 0:22:46 | |
35. | 0:22:46 | 0:22:47 | |
-It's 30. It's... -30. -I was going to say 30! Oh! | 0:22:47 | 0:22:50 | |
-Damn! -I went up to 35! -Yes. | 0:22:50 | 0:22:53 | |
But 30 was my first thought! | 0:22:53 | 0:22:54 | |
Half of the membership was younger than 27, and a third was under 18, | 0:22:55 | 0:22:59 | |
so the average age was about 30. | 0:22:59 | 0:23:00 | |
My dad was from Ebbw Vale, and my mum was from Abertillery, | 0:23:00 | 0:23:03 | |
and they used to have... The Home Guards in each of | 0:23:03 | 0:23:05 | |
those towns in the Welsh valleys used to battle each other, you know. | 0:23:05 | 0:23:08 | |
What they used to have to do was take the flag off the town hall | 0:23:08 | 0:23:11 | |
of the opposite town's thing. | 0:23:11 | 0:23:14 | |
And he said that all the Ebbw Vale boys were up in the hills, | 0:23:14 | 0:23:18 | |
trying to make their way through the kind of forests and stuff, | 0:23:18 | 0:23:20 | |
across to Abertillery, and then they looked down and saw on the road | 0:23:20 | 0:23:23 | |
below, and the Abertillery boys were going into Ebbw Vale on the bus. | 0:23:23 | 0:23:26 | |
It was incredibly popular, being in the Home Guard. | 0:23:31 | 0:23:34 | |
So when they established it, they thought about 150,000 men | 0:23:34 | 0:23:36 | |
would volunteer, and in the first 24 hours, 250,000 men signed up. | 0:23:36 | 0:23:40 | |
At the end of June, 1940, over a million, 1942, nearly two million. | 0:23:40 | 0:23:44 | |
My grandfather was an ARP warden, | 0:23:44 | 0:23:46 | |
and I thought that was quite special when I was a kid. | 0:23:46 | 0:23:49 | |
And then I looked into it, and there were 1.2 million ARP wardens. | 0:23:49 | 0:23:52 | |
-Yeah, it was, it was... -People just volunteered for everything. | 0:23:52 | 0:23:55 | |
They wanted to help. | 0:23:55 | 0:23:56 | |
If you put it in context, the Chinese People's Liberation Army, | 0:23:56 | 0:23:59 | |
which is the largest army in the world, has got 2.2 million men. | 0:23:59 | 0:24:01 | |
And we had two million people in the Home Guard. | 0:24:01 | 0:24:04 | |
But they did very important work - anti-aircraft guns, | 0:24:04 | 0:24:06 | |
coastal artillery, and in fact, over the war, | 0:24:06 | 0:24:08 | |
1,206 Home Guard men were killed on duty, or died of their wounds. | 0:24:08 | 0:24:11 | |
So not quite the comic thing that Dad's Army shows us. | 0:24:11 | 0:24:13 | |
-I see. -Now, how many stars are there in Orion's Belt? | 0:24:13 | 0:24:18 | |
Three. | 0:24:18 | 0:24:20 | |
KLAXON Three. Yay! | 0:24:20 | 0:24:22 | |
Oh. | 0:24:22 | 0:24:24 | |
Five, there's five. | 0:24:24 | 0:24:26 | |
KLAXON Five, no, there aren't five. | 0:24:26 | 0:24:28 | |
Seven, there's seven. | 0:24:28 | 0:24:29 | |
KLAXON Seven, there's not seven. | 0:24:29 | 0:24:33 | |
It looks like three, it's one of the most famous things. | 0:24:33 | 0:24:36 | |
Do you call it Orion's Belt, or do you refer to it...? | 0:24:36 | 0:24:38 | |
Yeah. I mean, we have the same solar system. | 0:24:38 | 0:24:40 | |
But it has... It has lots and lots of different names, | 0:24:46 | 0:24:49 | |
so in Latin America they call it the Three Marys, | 0:24:49 | 0:24:52 | |
the Arabic name is the Accurate Scale Beam. | 0:24:52 | 0:24:54 | |
Really? I mean, what is it going to be, | 0:24:54 | 0:24:56 | |
hundreds of thousands, but looks like three? | 0:24:56 | 0:24:58 | |
No, it is in fact nine, is the answer that we were looking for. | 0:24:58 | 0:25:00 | |
-One more go, I'd have got it! -It looks like... I know. | 0:25:00 | 0:25:04 | |
I was going to go nine next. I was going in twos. | 0:25:04 | 0:25:06 | |
I know. It was like the guy who invented Six Up, | 0:25:06 | 0:25:08 | |
and he was so close to a successful soft drink. | 0:25:08 | 0:25:10 | |
There are the three that we think of, | 0:25:12 | 0:25:14 | |
the bright ones that you can see. | 0:25:14 | 0:25:15 | |
They're called Mintaka, Alnilam, and Alnitak. | 0:25:15 | 0:25:18 | |
But if we take Alnitak, it's actually three different stars. | 0:25:18 | 0:25:21 | |
There's a blue super giant and two smaller companions. | 0:25:21 | 0:25:25 | |
And each of the three main stars in Orion's Belt is at least | 0:25:25 | 0:25:27 | |
20 times the size of the sun, and at least 18,000 times brighter. | 0:25:27 | 0:25:33 | |
Blimey. | 0:25:33 | 0:25:34 | |
-But it's just far away? -It's so far away. | 0:25:34 | 0:25:37 | |
-This is why I hate space! -Why? | 0:25:37 | 0:25:39 | |
Because I don't have the ability to conceptually understand | 0:25:39 | 0:25:44 | |
how a mathematician can go, "Oh, well, because of this and this, | 0:25:44 | 0:25:48 | |
"and my periscope, then, like, it's that far away". | 0:25:48 | 0:25:53 | |
I don't understand. | 0:25:53 | 0:25:55 | |
-BILL: -That's where you're going wrong. | 0:25:55 | 0:25:57 | |
-Using a submarine, that's the... -Using a submarine. | 0:25:57 | 0:26:00 | |
Orion's Belt may have three notches, | 0:26:02 | 0:26:03 | |
but it's actually made up of nine stars. | 0:26:03 | 0:26:05 | |
Now then, one test of a great surgeon | 0:26:05 | 0:26:07 | |
is their ability to concentrate while under stress. | 0:26:07 | 0:26:10 | |
So, while you are answering the next question, | 0:26:10 | 0:26:12 | |
you have got next to you bananas, and you have got a needle. | 0:26:12 | 0:26:17 | |
So this is how surgeons learn to do surgery. | 0:26:17 | 0:26:20 | |
What I would like you to do is half-peel the banana, like this, OK? | 0:26:20 | 0:26:25 | |
Your needle has been already threaded for you. | 0:26:25 | 0:26:27 | |
And I want you to sew the banana back together. | 0:26:27 | 0:26:30 | |
I can't. I can't open it. | 0:26:30 | 0:26:32 | |
Can't open it?! Monkeys have mastered this, Alan. | 0:26:34 | 0:26:37 | |
Darling, put it higher up, because that looks awful. | 0:26:40 | 0:26:43 | |
Can't open it! | 0:26:47 | 0:26:49 | |
Argh! | 0:26:49 | 0:26:51 | |
Argh! | 0:26:51 | 0:26:53 | |
Before you start, what's your first question? | 0:26:53 | 0:26:55 | |
-Am I a surgeon? -Is this the banana you were looking for? | 0:26:55 | 0:26:58 | |
Yes! Have I got the right banana? | 0:26:58 | 0:27:01 | |
-Yes. -Is exactly right. OK. | 0:27:01 | 0:27:02 | |
So try and sew the banana back together. | 0:27:02 | 0:27:04 | |
Now one of the great tests, because the whole thing | 0:27:04 | 0:27:06 | |
about a surgeon is the ability to concentrate, | 0:27:06 | 0:27:08 | |
I want you to tell me the name of the food that you are holding | 0:27:08 | 0:27:11 | |
if it was made without using any pesticides. | 0:27:11 | 0:27:14 | |
Organic banana. | 0:27:14 | 0:27:15 | |
KLAXON | 0:27:15 | 0:27:17 | |
Organic banana, there we go. Off and running. | 0:27:17 | 0:27:20 | |
-Oh, me thread's not enough. -Might as well go for it - plum. | 0:27:20 | 0:27:23 | |
Mine's a mess. | 0:27:23 | 0:27:25 | |
Katherine's doing a wonderful job here. | 0:27:25 | 0:27:26 | |
This is where I shine on a panel show of lots of men. | 0:27:26 | 0:27:29 | |
Oh, look at that! | 0:27:29 | 0:27:31 | |
In fact, although it's true that organic food contains | 0:27:32 | 0:27:34 | |
fewer pesticides or fertilisers than any other foods, | 0:27:34 | 0:27:36 | |
the answer is that none of them contain none. | 0:27:36 | 0:27:38 | |
I'm afraid, if you're eating organic food and you think, | 0:27:38 | 0:27:41 | |
"Yay, look at me," it has all got a bit of pesticide in it. | 0:27:41 | 0:27:45 | |
I'll tell you what, I have made quite an effective sort of dolphin | 0:27:45 | 0:27:48 | |
-there, look at that. -Actually, yeah. | 0:27:48 | 0:27:51 | |
Let's put our bananas away. | 0:27:56 | 0:27:57 | |
That brings us to the end of tonight's operation. | 0:27:57 | 0:28:00 | |
The anaesthetic is wearing off, the gloves are in the bin, | 0:28:00 | 0:28:02 | |
and the panel and the bananas have been royally stitched up, | 0:28:02 | 0:28:05 | |
which brings us to the scores. | 0:28:05 | 0:28:08 | |
And, with minus 35, yes, indeed, it's Rhod. | 0:28:08 | 0:28:11 | |
APPLAUSE | 0:28:11 | 0:28:13 | |
Equally creditable minus 27, Bill. | 0:28:15 | 0:28:17 | |
-APPLAUSE -Hurrah! | 0:28:17 | 0:28:20 | |
Minus 16, Alan. | 0:28:22 | 0:28:24 | |
-APPLAUSE -Thank you very much. Thank you. | 0:28:24 | 0:28:28 | |
And with an amazing whole 4 points, Katherine! | 0:28:28 | 0:28:32 | |
-Thank you. -APPLAUSE | 0:28:32 | 0:28:35 | |
It only remains for me to thank Katherine, Rhod, Bill, and Alan. | 0:28:40 | 0:28:44 | |
And I leave you with this - | 0:28:44 | 0:28:46 | |
when the West German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer | 0:28:46 | 0:28:48 | |
succumbed to a heavy cold at the age of 90, | 0:28:48 | 0:28:50 | |
he did nothing but complain to his doctor. | 0:28:50 | 0:28:52 | |
"I'm not a magician," said the doctor. | 0:28:52 | 0:28:54 | |
"I can't make you young again." | 0:28:54 | 0:28:55 | |
"I haven't asked you to," said the Chancellor. | 0:28:55 | 0:28:57 | |
"All I want is to go on getting older." | 0:28:57 | 0:29:00 | |
Thank you, and good night. | 0:29:00 | 0:29:01 | |
APPLAUSE | 0:29:01 | 0:29:03 |