Orangutans: The Great Ape Escape Natural World


Orangutans: The Great Ape Escape

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Carried over the remote forests of Borneo is a very precious cargo.

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Meet Leonora.

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She doesn't know it but she is a pioneer.

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With a handful of old friends, Leonora is on an adventure into the unknown.

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She and her baby boy are leaving behind the security of a lifetime in captivity...

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..for a chance of freedom.

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For the chance of a new life

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as a truly wild orangutan.

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A quiet Monday morning on Katya Island in southern Borneo.

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Leonora is relaxing in her cosy orangutan commune,

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unaware of the life-changing events around the corner.

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Leonora and her friends are orphans

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and in the safety of their island sanctuary

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they've developed some unusual habits.

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Orangutans are supposed to spend all their time high in the trees.

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Leonora has spent the last eight years here...

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with private health care

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and twice daily deliveries of the freshest fruit and veg.

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It's far from a natural existence

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but for many of them, it's the only life they've ever known.

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Hundreds of orphans have been saved

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by the Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation.

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Each animal has its own tragic story to tell,

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of homes destroyed and mothers killed.

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But here they've found new hope and a new mother,

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the centre's founder, Lone Droscher Nielsen.

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When they reach their little hands and their little arms up

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and go like, you know, "Please help,"

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how can you not?

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Oh, you know, your heart just sinks

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when you look into their eyes and see that, "Help me,"

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you know, "Do something for me. I need you."

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And how anybody can turn their back on that, I don't know.

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They're so human that to me it would be the same

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as turning away a child needing my help.

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Lone's dream is to put all her orphans back in the wild.

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But it's taken nearly a decade to start making it a reality.

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Now, at last, she's about to release the first eight orphans.

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Their world is about to be turned upside down.

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And for Leonora, she'll have the added challenge

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of caring for her own little one, mischievous Lamar.

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Lone is particularly concerned about Leonora.

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She's so tame that adapting to life in the wild

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might just be too big a challenge.

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When I saw Leonora for the first time,

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I thought, "She looks just like my grandmother,"

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hence the name Leonora.

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When you look at her she's just a very gentle, kind orangutan.

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Leonora seems to love company

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but life in the wild will be much more solitary.

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Fortunately, one of her closest friends, Emen,

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has also been chosen for release.

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Emen has already proved to be a born survivor.

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She came in and I remember everybody just looked horrified

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because four of her fingers had been cut off.

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It might have happened when the mother was killed

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because they hack them with machetes

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and her hand, the baby's hand, is always one on the back and one on the front.

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One of the first things I did think about was

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how is she going to ever, you know, be able to climb trees?

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Because she can't do anything with that one thumb, can she?

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But, you know, she totally proved me wrong.

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It's never, ever looked to be a handicap.

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Emen also has a son, little Embong.

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And like Leonora's baby, he's dependent on his mum.

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It's time for their last meal on the island.

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Leonora and Emen sit back to enjoy their last supper.

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Finding food in the wild is going to be much more difficult

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but Lone has always tried to give every orphan some lessons in survival.

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They're all graduates of Lone's school.

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Here their foster mothers teach them the basics.

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Show them how to find different sources of food.

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Encourage them to build nests for sleeping.

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And try to teach them that they belong up in the trees.

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Finally they graduate to the island,

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the last stage in their rehabilitation.

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But for Leonora and Emen, that was all a long time ago.

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And no one knows if they'll be able to cope in the wild.

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There's a great deal riding on the success or failure of these eight orphans.

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Over the last 12 years, the rescue centre has been inundated

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with orphaned and rescued orangutans.

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The numbers have swollen to over 600 individuals.

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After spending their day in the forest,

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they're returned to their cages.

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They're bored in those cages, even though we give them enrichment.

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It shows in their eyes. Their eyes tell everything.

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Everything that we've been working for for the last 12 years

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is obviously getting these orangutans out.

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If they make it, we don't have any problems.

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If they don't make it, we'll have to reconsider

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everything called orangutan rehabilitation.

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If we fail we are standing with a very, very, very big problem.

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BIRDS CALLING

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The big day is finally here.

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Leonora and Emen are on the lookout

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for their early morning delivery of cucumbers and bananas.

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But there's no sign.

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Lone and her team are loading everything they need

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for the big move.

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Everything has been planned with military precision.

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Lone hopes Leonora will walk into her crate

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but is concerned about baby Lamar, who's wary of people.

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Emen might also prove a problem, so they're preparing a sedative.

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SPEAKING LOCAL LANGUAGE

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We've got both Emen and Leonora here,

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so we should be able to get hold of them quite quickly.

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SPEAKING LOCAL LANGUAGE

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Leonora would normally do anything to get her hands on fresh bananas.

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Come on, Leonora.

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If you're a good girl you can have all these bananas inside the cage.

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Would you like that? Hm, you get one. You come with me.

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She knows something's going on.

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At the other end of the beach,

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Emen is being distracted by some cucumber.

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She hasn't spotted the blow pipe.

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Hey, girl, hey, Emen.

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HE BLOWS

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The sedative makes her sleepy in minutes.

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Good girl. Come on now. It's OK, sweetheart.

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-Oh...

-But she still manages an iron grip with her left foot.

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Oh, come on, give, give, give, give. That's a good girl.

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Little Embong desperately clings on to his mum, where he feels safe.

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Leonora is next.

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DESPERATE SQUEAKING

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Her baby, Lamar, has become separated. He's too young to dart.

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Yeah, it's OK, it's OK. Yeah. We had to catch him.

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He was trying to get away from his mother.

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We were trying to carry the mother and he was...

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HE SQUEAKS

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Sh! SPEAKS LOCAL LANGUAGE

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It's more safe there with Emen, yeah?

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SHRILL SQUEAKING

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They're totally mother-oriented and they're very afraid of us.

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Catching a baby that's so... They bite very hard, believe me.

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This strange experience will be the first of many

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as they head to their new life.

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The other adults chosen for the project are all sedated.

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Yeah, he's dropping now. Yeah.

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Those darted in the tree tops are safely caught in nets.

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There are three females with infants.

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And three males.

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The orangutans are taken back to the centre,

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where they'll undergo a thorough health check.

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Eight long weeks of quarantine are finally over.

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Last minute preparations for the next stage of the release are underway.

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Leonora, Emen and the other orphans have been given

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a clean bill of health

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and had radio transmitters implanted under their skin.

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They're all set.

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No road trip would be complete without some snacks.

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They have their favourites, sweet corn for Emen...

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..and for Leonora, bananas.

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They're heading north into deepest, darkest Borneo.

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Over the last 20 years, Indonesian Borneo has lost

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vast areas of its ancient, pristine rainforest

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to logging and palm oil plantations.

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For Lone it's made finding a safe protected area of forest

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all the more difficult.

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It doesn't matter how far I have to move them.

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We took their forests away.

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We took their home and killed their mothers

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and I think that they deserve to go back to the forest.

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No matter how much money and how much effort it's going to take,

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we owe it to them.

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Since leaving home, the orangutans have endured travelling

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by boat, by truck and by plane.

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To reach their new home they must take to the skies once more.

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This time, suspended underneath a helicopter.

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HUMAN VOICES

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HELICOPTER ENGINE STARTS UP

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Leonora and her friends seem to be taking it all in their stride.

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Below them is the forest canopy

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that their kind have climbed through for millennia.

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Now they swing above it in a most unlikely fashion,

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carrying the hope of a new and better future.

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At last, back on terra firma.

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The release team spring into action.

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Lone's first priority is to check on Leonora and Emen.

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Emen!

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Emen!

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Leonora!

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Sweetie! Hey, sweetie.

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The operation to put these orphaned orangutans back to where they belong

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has been a huge effort from the whole team.

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Emotions are running high.

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I can't even describe it in words how I feel about it

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because it is extremely overwhelming for me.

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I really feel like a proud mother having to release them,

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to actually know that they are now finally going.

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For Emen the waiting is over.

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Hey, Emen, darling.

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It's your turn, sweetie.

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In her lifetime she's survived the trauma of losing her mother

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and most of her right hand.

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Now she faces her greatest challenge yet - life in the wild.

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Hello, Emen.

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That's it.

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THEY LAUGH

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Can we do another one? Let's get to the next one.

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Come on, now. Get them out.

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One by one, the released orphans instinctively head for the treetops.

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Leonora has been sitting quietly.

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After four years at the rescue centre

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and eight years waiting on an island sanctuary,

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she's about to see her new home.

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Ah!

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Leonora is entering a world of uncertainty,

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a world full of challenges,

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a world away from what she's used to.

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-Oh, I've got total faith in them.

-Ah!

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I've got faith in them more than anybody else, I think, actually.

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Lone and the team have done all they can.

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Now it's up to them.

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ANIMAL CALLS ECHOING

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Somewhere out there are eight orphaned orangutans.

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At camp, Lone and seven monitoring teams are heading out

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for a long day in the forest.

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Lone's keen to check up on Leonora and Emen.

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The first major test will be finding their own food

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and Lone is anxious to see if they're up to the challenge.

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She heads to the release site but there's no sign.

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They go deeper with the radio tracking equipment.

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Even with the transmitters, the orangutans are proving tricky to find.

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SHE SPEAKS LOCAL LANGUAGE

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STATIC NOISE

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After half an hour of searching,

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they pick up best friends Leonora and Emen in the same area.

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BRANCHES BREAKING

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Just heard something. BIRDS SCREECHING

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It was just above us.

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Something moving up there.

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Yeah, that is Leonora.

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Oh. I'd be a bit careful. She might decide to chuck some of it at us.

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And little Lamar is hanging in a vine,

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going, like, "Oh, go away."

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It's always the babies that get most upset. It's the same on the island.

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Below Leonora's tree, there's the evidence Lone has been hoping for.

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Almost looks like a big apple or something. Look at that.

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I think that's wild mango.

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Almost smells more like a...

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Oh, it's... God, it's sour.

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They suddenly have to change from eating aubergines

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and bananas and cucumbers and stuff

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and eating these really, really sour

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and very often very bitter forest fruits,

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so it must be quite a change for them.

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But they seem to enjoy it

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and I think that's, again, that's their natural food

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and there must be something that makes them just go, like,

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"Oh, that's quite all right."

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She's paying me absolutely no attention.

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This is where life changes.

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Food becomes more important than attention, you know,

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from somebody they know.

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She knows that she needs to be able to find food and get food first.

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Leonora is making a promising start

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but she faces the constant challenge of deciding

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which plants and fruits are safe to eat.

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Wild orangutan infants spend up to eight years with their mothers,

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learning these invaluable lessons.

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Leonora has to rely on her instincts to guide her.

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All Lone can do is watch and hope.

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BABY SQUEAKING

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Oh, I can hear Emen's baby getting upset.

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It's probably because the mother is moving and he wasn't right next to her.

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Yeah, they're all... They're way up in the top up there.

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Just as they did on their island,

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Emen and Leonora are hanging out together.

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Emen's also found some wild fruit.

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It's not as juicy as her favourite sweet corn

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but it's nutritious and she's getting a taste for it.

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Little Embong is also starting to test out the new menu.

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Leonora and Emen may still have each other for company

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but the constant search for food may eventually test their friendship.

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Over the next week, the monitoring teams are seeing positive signs

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from most of the orphans.

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They're staying high up in the trees.

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They've seen them feeding on dozens of different plants and fruits.

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And in the evening they're making fresh nests for sleeping.

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Day by day, the team is becoming more impressed

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with one in particular.

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Leonora may have been the tamest

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but she's undergoing the biggest transformation.

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She's reached a major milestone.

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Like a truly wild orangutan,

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the constant search for food is making her and her son more solitary.

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Emen has been following them around

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but there's not enough fruit to share

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and their relationship is changing.

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LEONORA SQUEAKS AND GRUNTS

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Leonora's kiss squeaks tell Emen she no longer wants her around.

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Emen has no choice but to find her own patch.

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It may be sad to see the friends part

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but it's also a sign that things are going well,

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as the orangutans continue to behave more and more naturally.

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Two days later, there's a worrying development.

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One of the orangutans is giving serious cause for concern.

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SHE SPEAKS LOCAL LANGUAGE

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It hasn't moved for 24 hours.

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When they've done so well the first week

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and then they suddenly do not move for a day, you get a bit worried.

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It's Emen.

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She looks not too happy.

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I wonder if she might have a bit of a bad stomach

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because she didn't move yesterday at all

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and her stomach is a bit flat today.

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Their stomachs need to get used to this kind of new diet and stuff

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but there are also things in the forest can be slightly poisonous.

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Right now for them it's just, you know, try it and see what happens.

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If it doesn't taste good you spit it out

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but even something that tastes nice could probably potentially be slightly poisonous.

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We'll just have to follow her a little bit today

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and make sure she gets something to eat.

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Emen's three-year-old baby, Embong, is still dependent on his mum's milk.

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She needs to consume around 2,000 calories per day.

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The fruit she needs is in the treetops

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but Emen does what a wild orangutan mother would almost never do.

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She comes to the ground.

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Borneo's forests are home to many dangers -

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clouded leopards, wild pigs and deadly snakes.

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Lone doesn't want to intervene

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but she watches to make sure they're safe.

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I think she's a bit weak today.

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She conserves energy by walking on the ground rather than going through the trees

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but, again, there's also not much fruit down here.

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She's going to lie down, yeah.

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Sleeping on the ground is a worrying sign. Lone will stay with them.

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After two hours, her concern is growing.

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What we need to worry about is more him, actually, than Emen.

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Emen could easily go for a long time without food, probably,

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whereas Embong, he will get weaker faster if he doesn't get enough food.

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We will only give food if the animal seems to be in proper distress,

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meaning that they're really, really weak,

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we have not seen them eating for, maybe three or four days.

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If the animal gets really sick, if there's anything else wrong,

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we might take them back.

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But it will only be in those situations

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when we really, really feel that we need to go in and help.

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THUNDER RUMBLES

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A change in the weather is a new challenge for the orangutans.

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Despite the deluge, Leonora is still feeding.

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She's found some tree ants

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and has worked out a neat way of catching them.

0:33:520:33:54

She lets them get entangled in her hairs and then she picks them off.

0:34:000:34:04

This could turn out to be one of Lamar's most valuable lessons.

0:34:100:34:15

When fruit is scarce, they will need to rely

0:34:150:34:17

on these lower-grade food sources.

0:34:170:34:19

Leonora is learning and adapting quickly to her new life

0:34:280:34:33

but the same cannot be said for her old friend Emen.

0:34:330:34:36

Marios the vet has been called in.

0:34:410:34:43

Emen has spent the last two days up the same tree.

0:34:500:34:53

Her transmitter is still sending a signal but there's no sign of her.

0:34:570:35:02

They wait for an hour.

0:35:210:35:23

There's no movement.

0:35:240:35:26

-WOMAN:

-What are you thinking, Marios?

0:35:310:35:34

I don't know, I'm a little bit sad.

0:35:340:35:38

Are you really worried about her?

0:35:460:35:48

Yeah.

0:35:480:35:51

I'm sorry.

0:35:570:35:58

ALL SPEAKING LOCAL LANGUAGE

0:36:130:36:15

When you haven't seen them move for a few days, you start worrying

0:36:210:36:24

and then the fear kicks in, the fear of not being able to help

0:36:240:36:28

if it is so bad that we can't medically help her

0:36:280:36:31

or she might already be dead.

0:36:310:36:33

They hope to tempt her out with a rescue package.

0:36:370:36:40

Rehydration salts and milk formula are added to water.

0:36:400:36:45

The tree is too dangerous to climb, so they'll hoist it up on a line.

0:36:490:36:53

Yeah.

0:37:000:37:03

Emen and Embong are nowhere to be seen.

0:37:250:37:28

-LEAVES RUSTLING

-Then, at last...

0:37:470:37:50

There she goes. Here she comes.

0:37:530:37:55

Emen goes straight for the bananas!

0:38:000:38:03

Then she discovers the bottle of water.

0:38:120:38:14

Hope Embong will come out and get some.

0:38:240:38:27

-He's normally quite forward.

-Oh, here he's coming, here he's coming.

0:38:270:38:30

Here he comes.

0:38:300:38:32

After not eating for several days, they devour the whole package.

0:38:430:38:47

It was very much a sense of relief

0:38:510:38:52

because by her starting to eat, Embong was also going to get some food

0:38:520:38:56

and she did share

0:38:560:38:58

and I was actually more concerned that she got fluids.

0:38:580:39:03

Fluid balance is so much more important than the food

0:39:030:39:05

and she did drink.

0:39:050:39:08

Obviously, she was hungry

0:39:080:39:09

and I think she just didn't dare to eat any wild fruits

0:39:090:39:13

because she didn't know what it was that had actually made her sick.

0:39:130:39:16

Wow.

0:39:180:39:19

For the next few days, they'll need to follow Emen's every move,

0:39:420:39:46

to make sure she and little Embong are getting enough to eat.

0:39:460:39:50

The transition into life in the wild was always going to be a challenge

0:39:580:40:02

but one orangutan has far surpassed their expectations -

0:40:020:40:09

Leonora.

0:40:090:40:10

I think I'm as proud as any mother would be

0:40:240:40:26

who's just sent their kids out,

0:40:260:40:28

not just to university but it's actually graduated from university as well

0:40:280:40:31

and then go out in the big world and succeed.

0:40:310:40:34

That's what they're doing. They're succeeding right now.

0:40:340:40:37

I think we all know when we have found that place

0:40:410:40:45

that we really want to live

0:40:450:40:47

and I think that, you know, they feel the same way.

0:40:470:40:49

This is their home where they're going to have to put down roots

0:40:490:40:52

and they're going to have their babies.

0:40:520:40:54

I'm sure that they must feel that, as well.

0:40:540:40:56

The orangutans are making the forest their home.

0:41:180:41:21

They're finding their own food, learning to live alone

0:41:240:41:27

and establishing their own territories.

0:41:270:41:30

Best of all, after giving everyone a scare,

0:41:370:41:39

there's good news for Emen and Embong.

0:41:390:41:42

They're well and are thriving on their own.

0:41:470:41:50

Leonora and her friends are living proof

0:42:030:42:06

that orangutans brought up by humans can indeed survive in the wild.

0:42:060:42:12

It's the news Lone has been longing for.

0:42:170:42:20

It means there is a future for orphaned and rescued orangutans.

0:42:200:42:25

And now these eight orangutans have actually succeeded,

0:42:280:42:31

it means freedom for all those orangutans that's been sitting there,

0:42:310:42:34

waiting in the cages for so many years,

0:42:340:42:37

waiting for their chance to get out in the forest.

0:42:370:42:39

Now I've got to get the next 600 out.

0:42:420:42:45

And I'm sure that the next 600 are going to do just as well as these guys.

0:42:450:42:49

Any animal you can give freedom, it touches you

0:42:560:42:58

in some places you don't even really know exists.

0:42:580:43:01

You know, it's just something so deep inside of you.

0:43:010:43:04

Lone hopes that very soon Leonora will be joined

0:43:110:43:15

by many more orangutans

0:43:150:43:17

and that they will found a brand new wild population

0:43:170:43:22

which will thrive here for generations to come.

0:43:220:43:26

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