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For animals, growing up is a real adventure. | 0:00:12 | 0:00:16 | |
Learning how to get by in life can be fun, | 0:00:19 | 0:00:22 | |
but it can also prove testing. | 0:00:22 | 0:00:25 | |
Danger is never far away... | 0:00:31 | 0:00:34 | |
and bad decisions | 0:00:34 | 0:00:35 | |
could land you in a whole heap of trouble. | 0:00:35 | 0:00:38 | |
ALLIGATOR HISSES | 0:00:38 | 0:00:40 | |
However, with a little help from Mum and Dad, | 0:00:40 | 0:00:44 | |
childhood can be an exciting time. | 0:00:44 | 0:00:47 | |
As every day brings a new lesson for animals | 0:00:49 | 0:00:53 | |
growing up wild. | 0:00:53 | 0:00:55 | |
For some animals, growing up is a lonely business. | 0:01:06 | 0:01:10 | |
They're abandoned as soon as they're born, | 0:01:15 | 0:01:17 | |
relying entirely on their instincts to survive. | 0:01:17 | 0:01:20 | |
From the very beginning of life, they're left to grow up alone | 0:01:29 | 0:01:32 | |
and have to fend for themselves. | 0:01:32 | 0:01:35 | |
But many animals do benefit from a little help from their parents. | 0:01:43 | 0:01:47 | |
And in the early days of life, | 0:01:52 | 0:01:54 | |
they're often completely reliant on them. | 0:01:54 | 0:01:57 | |
In this Indian forest, a new life is exploring the world | 0:02:05 | 0:02:09 | |
for the first time - | 0:02:09 | 0:02:11 | |
a precious tiger cub. | 0:02:11 | 0:02:14 | |
It's just ten days old. | 0:02:22 | 0:02:25 | |
Most cubs will stay in their dens for the first six weeks, | 0:02:25 | 0:02:28 | |
but this one is clearly adventurous. | 0:02:28 | 0:02:31 | |
Although the cub's eyes are open, | 0:02:33 | 0:02:35 | |
it'll be a few weeks before it can see properly. | 0:02:35 | 0:02:37 | |
It's completely helpless. | 0:02:41 | 0:02:43 | |
CUB SCREECHES | 0:02:43 | 0:02:45 | |
There are four new cubs in all, and they're quite lively. | 0:02:50 | 0:02:55 | |
In these early days, | 0:03:02 | 0:03:03 | |
they're dependent on their mother for everything, | 0:03:03 | 0:03:06 | |
but right now, they're not making her life easy. | 0:03:06 | 0:03:11 | |
CUB SCREECHES | 0:03:11 | 0:03:13 | |
It's enough to test any parent's patience. | 0:03:13 | 0:03:18 | |
Tiger cubs stay with their mother until they're about two years old. | 0:03:27 | 0:03:32 | |
But typically, only half will make it to maturity. | 0:03:37 | 0:03:41 | |
There's no doubt these youngsters face a bumpy journey to adulthood. | 0:03:46 | 0:03:51 | |
The first steps of growing up | 0:04:04 | 0:04:05 | |
are often some of the most precarious in any animal's life. | 0:04:05 | 0:04:09 | |
For some, they are literally a leap of faith. | 0:04:09 | 0:04:13 | |
It's spring in the forests of Eastern Europe, | 0:04:21 | 0:04:23 | |
and, safe within the hollow of a tree, | 0:04:23 | 0:04:25 | |
a female mandarin duck is about to teach her one-day-old ducklings | 0:04:25 | 0:04:30 | |
how to leave their nest. | 0:04:30 | 0:04:32 | |
She leads the way. | 0:04:36 | 0:04:38 | |
DUCKLINGS CHIRP | 0:04:41 | 0:04:43 | |
The ducklings are imprinted on their mother, | 0:04:43 | 0:04:45 | |
which means they're pre-programmed to follow her. | 0:04:45 | 0:04:48 | |
However, it's a long drop, and a few calls of encouragement are needed. | 0:04:48 | 0:04:53 | |
DUCKLING CHIRPS | 0:04:53 | 0:04:56 | |
Two have landed safely, | 0:05:07 | 0:05:09 | |
but there are more left to jump. | 0:05:09 | 0:05:12 | |
At least it's a soft landing. | 0:05:22 | 0:05:24 | |
Off we go! | 0:05:24 | 0:05:26 | |
Deep breath. | 0:05:30 | 0:05:31 | |
Geronimo! | 0:05:35 | 0:05:37 | |
The final pair take to the air. | 0:05:43 | 0:05:46 | |
Made it. | 0:05:58 | 0:06:00 | |
But their escapade isn't over. | 0:06:04 | 0:06:07 | |
They must now reach water. | 0:06:07 | 0:06:10 | |
The nearest pool is almost a mile away - | 0:06:14 | 0:06:16 | |
quite a trek for the youngsters. | 0:06:16 | 0:06:19 | |
By following their mother's lead, | 0:06:31 | 0:06:33 | |
these ducklings have passed their first test. | 0:06:33 | 0:06:36 | |
Now on water, they will spend their time learning what's good to eat | 0:06:37 | 0:06:43 | |
and exploring their new watery world. | 0:06:43 | 0:06:47 | |
Wherever your home is, | 0:06:52 | 0:06:53 | |
taking your first big steps in life can be quite an undertaking. | 0:06:53 | 0:06:57 | |
But for some, the challenge is far greater than others. | 0:07:02 | 0:07:05 | |
Nevertheless, it's something they must get right. | 0:07:05 | 0:07:09 | |
Here in Israel, those first steps don't get much more difficult. | 0:07:17 | 0:07:22 | |
Up here, your footing needs to be firm | 0:07:28 | 0:07:31 | |
and a head for heights is essential. | 0:07:31 | 0:07:34 | |
Meet the ibex. | 0:07:37 | 0:07:39 | |
They have made these treacherous cliffs their own. | 0:07:44 | 0:07:47 | |
But for these newborn youngsters, | 0:07:52 | 0:07:54 | |
this rocky wilderness makes for a nerve-racking nursery. | 0:07:54 | 0:07:58 | |
They spend the first few days of their life at the highest level, | 0:08:00 | 0:08:03 | |
relatively safe from predators who can't scale such heady heights. | 0:08:03 | 0:08:08 | |
However, at only a few days old, | 0:08:14 | 0:08:16 | |
they have to leave their playtime plateaus. | 0:08:16 | 0:08:19 | |
For the first time, they must attempt to climb down | 0:08:28 | 0:08:31 | |
these terrifying precipices to find food. | 0:08:31 | 0:08:34 | |
It's a daunting prospect - | 0:08:47 | 0:08:50 | |
certainly not for the faint-hearted. | 0:08:50 | 0:08:52 | |
Their mother leads the way. | 0:08:57 | 0:08:59 | |
The kids are understandably tentative. | 0:09:01 | 0:09:04 | |
They must slowly pick their way down the sheer rock faces. | 0:09:21 | 0:09:25 | |
Their mother shows them the best route. | 0:09:45 | 0:09:47 | |
She has done it hundreds of times before, | 0:09:47 | 0:09:50 | |
but for the kids, this is new territory. | 0:09:50 | 0:09:53 | |
Gradually, they start to get the hang of it, | 0:09:58 | 0:10:01 | |
but they need to focus, | 0:10:01 | 0:10:03 | |
as one slip could be their last. | 0:10:03 | 0:10:05 | |
Finally, they've made it. | 0:10:18 | 0:10:20 | |
There's a whole new world at the lower levels | 0:10:24 | 0:10:27 | |
with plenty of food and water. | 0:10:27 | 0:10:30 | |
Here, the parents show off their balancing skills | 0:10:32 | 0:10:36 | |
as they all browse together. | 0:10:36 | 0:10:38 | |
But one kid has been left behind, | 0:10:42 | 0:10:45 | |
and she's in trouble. | 0:10:45 | 0:10:47 | |
A fox. | 0:10:51 | 0:10:52 | |
And it's spotted the straggler. | 0:10:52 | 0:10:55 | |
The young ibex runs as fast as it can back up the cliff | 0:11:13 | 0:11:17 | |
but the fox is right on its heels. | 0:11:17 | 0:11:19 | |
It'll be hoping for a quick kill. | 0:11:19 | 0:11:21 | |
As the kid heads back up the cliff, | 0:11:39 | 0:11:41 | |
the fox tries to gain the higher ground. | 0:11:41 | 0:11:44 | |
But the kid has scrambled onto a rock face. | 0:11:51 | 0:11:55 | |
It's so steep that only it could possibly stand there | 0:11:55 | 0:11:57 | |
without toppling off. | 0:11:57 | 0:11:59 | |
The fox has no choice but to give up. | 0:12:17 | 0:12:20 | |
It doesn't stand a chance on this precipice. | 0:12:20 | 0:12:24 | |
The lessons learned on this morning's descent | 0:12:39 | 0:12:42 | |
have saved the kid's life, | 0:12:42 | 0:12:44 | |
and despite still being so young, | 0:12:44 | 0:12:47 | |
it has outwitted one of the canniest of predators. | 0:12:47 | 0:12:52 | |
Conquering your terrain is a crucial part of growing up, | 0:13:01 | 0:13:05 | |
but for some animals, it can also be a race against time. | 0:13:05 | 0:13:09 | |
Here in the African Congo, a colony of skimmers, | 0:13:18 | 0:13:22 | |
so called for their special feeding technique, | 0:13:22 | 0:13:25 | |
have made these sandbanks their home. | 0:13:25 | 0:13:28 | |
But it won't be forever, as before long, the waters here will rise, | 0:13:35 | 0:13:39 | |
and they will have to move on. | 0:13:39 | 0:13:42 | |
These young skimmers were born here and are only a few weeks old. | 0:13:47 | 0:13:52 | |
SKIMMER CHIRPS | 0:13:52 | 0:13:54 | |
Before the waters rise, they need to learn to fly | 0:13:54 | 0:13:58 | |
and how to catch fish and they need to learn both skills quickly. | 0:13:58 | 0:14:02 | |
They watch as the adults gracefully skim the water. | 0:14:07 | 0:14:12 | |
An adult skimmer has a beak | 0:14:21 | 0:14:22 | |
with the lower part longer than the upper. | 0:14:22 | 0:14:26 | |
With this, they can slice through the water at ten metres a second. | 0:14:27 | 0:14:32 | |
If their beak hits something, it will snap shut. | 0:14:39 | 0:14:42 | |
It's a clever technique for catching fish. | 0:14:44 | 0:14:48 | |
The problem for youngsters is that they have to wait | 0:15:02 | 0:15:04 | |
for the lower part of their beak to completely grow. | 0:15:04 | 0:15:07 | |
In the meantime, while the water is shallow | 0:15:08 | 0:15:11 | |
and they have the sand to run on, | 0:15:11 | 0:15:13 | |
they do their best to learn the skimming technique. | 0:15:13 | 0:15:16 | |
It's not as easy as it looks, | 0:15:36 | 0:15:39 | |
but they need to perfect the skill as it's vital to their survival. | 0:15:39 | 0:15:43 | |
The clock is ticking. | 0:15:48 | 0:15:50 | |
Soon, all the sand they are using as a practice ground will be gone. | 0:15:50 | 0:15:54 | |
THUNDER CRACKS | 0:16:06 | 0:16:09 | |
The annual storms in the African Congo have arrived. | 0:16:12 | 0:16:16 | |
Very soon, these nursery sand flats | 0:16:16 | 0:16:18 | |
will be under several metres of water. | 0:16:18 | 0:16:21 | |
The skimmers have to move out. | 0:16:21 | 0:16:23 | |
With their home disappearing, | 0:16:34 | 0:16:36 | |
the time has come for the young skimmers to take to the air | 0:16:36 | 0:16:39 | |
with the rest of the colony. | 0:16:39 | 0:16:41 | |
Practice time is over. | 0:16:41 | 0:16:44 | |
How well they've mastered the art of skimming | 0:17:00 | 0:17:03 | |
will affect the future success of their adult life. | 0:17:03 | 0:17:06 | |
The amount of time animals are with their parents varies greatly, | 0:17:19 | 0:17:23 | |
and for some, childhood can be leisurely. | 0:17:23 | 0:17:26 | |
They spend much of their time playing. | 0:17:29 | 0:17:31 | |
It might only seem like a bit of fun | 0:17:31 | 0:17:34 | |
but it's essential to a young animal's development. | 0:17:34 | 0:17:37 | |
It helps with their strength, coordination and social skills. | 0:17:38 | 0:17:43 | |
Playing is a crucial part of learning. | 0:17:52 | 0:17:55 | |
And the games can be a rehearsal for adult life. | 0:17:57 | 0:18:00 | |
Six months later in India, | 0:18:11 | 0:18:13 | |
and the tiger cubs are putting their play into practice | 0:18:13 | 0:18:16 | |
and trying to hunt. | 0:18:16 | 0:18:18 | |
They must closely follow their mother | 0:18:25 | 0:18:27 | |
as she slowly creeps through the forest. | 0:18:27 | 0:18:30 | |
It's all about stealth. | 0:18:48 | 0:18:51 | |
Patience and timing are crucial. | 0:19:00 | 0:19:03 | |
The moment to pounce has to be exactly right. | 0:19:03 | 0:19:07 | |
TIGER CUB GROWLS | 0:19:25 | 0:19:28 | |
But one of the cubs just can't keep his excitement to himself. | 0:19:28 | 0:19:32 | |
Mum isn't too impressed. | 0:19:32 | 0:19:35 | |
She'll have to start all over again. | 0:19:37 | 0:19:40 | |
The tiger cubs still have a lot to learn. | 0:19:43 | 0:19:47 | |
Always paying attention to your parents | 0:19:52 | 0:19:54 | |
and following their lead can sometimes be trying. | 0:19:54 | 0:19:57 | |
Summer in the Arctic, | 0:20:02 | 0:20:04 | |
and the frozen surface of the ocean is beginning to disintegrate. | 0:20:04 | 0:20:08 | |
These two polar bear cubs are six months old. | 0:20:21 | 0:20:25 | |
It's the first time they've seen the ice break up, | 0:20:25 | 0:20:27 | |
and they're about to get a swimming lesson. | 0:20:27 | 0:20:30 | |
They're not too sure about making the plunge. | 0:20:44 | 0:20:48 | |
For their mother, swimming is second nature, | 0:20:57 | 0:21:00 | |
but the cubs still prefer to have ice beneath their feet | 0:21:00 | 0:21:04 | |
whenever they can. | 0:21:04 | 0:21:05 | |
Soon, it will be impossible to avoid the water, | 0:21:15 | 0:21:18 | |
so swimming isn't extra-curricular, it's crucial. | 0:21:18 | 0:21:22 | |
The cubs will stay with their mother for another two years - | 0:21:31 | 0:21:35 | |
not until then will they be ready to leave her side. | 0:21:35 | 0:21:39 | |
For some animals, learning from your parents can take years. | 0:21:56 | 0:22:00 | |
Apart from humans, | 0:22:00 | 0:22:02 | |
it is the orang-utan which has the longest of all primate childhoods. | 0:22:02 | 0:22:06 | |
This female orang is 42 years old. | 0:22:11 | 0:22:15 | |
Her daughter is six, | 0:22:17 | 0:22:18 | |
and will stay with her for at least another two years. | 0:22:18 | 0:22:22 | |
But then, there is much you must understand | 0:22:27 | 0:22:29 | |
in the treetop world of Sumatra. | 0:22:29 | 0:22:32 | |
She has to learn to collect ants and termites. | 0:22:45 | 0:22:48 | |
She will need to identify at least 300 edible plants | 0:22:56 | 0:23:00 | |
and avoid the poisonous ones. | 0:23:00 | 0:23:04 | |
Judging when fruit is ripe is essential. | 0:23:14 | 0:23:18 | |
The young orang must also be able to judge which branches | 0:23:32 | 0:23:35 | |
can carry her weight and which insect nests are safe to raid. | 0:23:35 | 0:23:41 | |
BUZZING | 0:23:41 | 0:23:44 | |
Building up a guide to the foods of the rainforest | 0:24:03 | 0:24:06 | |
is a long and complex process. | 0:24:06 | 0:24:09 | |
But it's vital training for the future. | 0:24:14 | 0:24:17 | |
When her education is complete, | 0:24:35 | 0:24:38 | |
this young orang will leave her mother | 0:24:38 | 0:24:41 | |
and eventually she will pass on this in-depth knowledge | 0:24:41 | 0:24:44 | |
to her own offspring. | 0:24:44 | 0:24:46 | |
It's clear that your mother's example | 0:24:53 | 0:24:55 | |
has a huge impact on your chance of survival. | 0:24:55 | 0:24:58 | |
In many cases, she is your sole teacher when growing up. | 0:25:00 | 0:25:04 | |
However, there are times when following your mum | 0:25:05 | 0:25:08 | |
can lead you into trouble. | 0:25:08 | 0:25:10 | |
A fast-flowing river in Kenya, | 0:25:17 | 0:25:21 | |
full of strong currents... | 0:25:21 | 0:25:24 | |
as well as crocodiles. | 0:25:24 | 0:25:26 | |
Despite the dangers, | 0:25:35 | 0:25:37 | |
this herd of elephants has to get across. | 0:25:37 | 0:25:40 | |
The matriarch of the group leads some youngsters into the river. | 0:25:49 | 0:25:53 | |
She knows that to reach the other side, | 0:25:55 | 0:25:58 | |
she has to head slightly upstream into the current. | 0:25:58 | 0:26:01 | |
Watching from the shallows is a younger group. | 0:26:15 | 0:26:18 | |
These small calves have mothers who are far less experienced. | 0:26:20 | 0:26:25 | |
They watch the older matriarch reach the other side safely. | 0:26:36 | 0:26:40 | |
ELEPHANT TRUMPETS | 0:26:42 | 0:26:45 | |
Then it's their turn to brave the river. | 0:26:47 | 0:26:50 | |
ELEPHANT TRUMPETS | 0:26:57 | 0:26:59 | |
They are almost immediately in trouble, | 0:26:59 | 0:27:02 | |
but in too deep to get back. | 0:27:02 | 0:27:04 | |
ELEPHANT TRUMPETS | 0:27:09 | 0:27:11 | |
If the youngsters become separated, they will easily drown. | 0:27:15 | 0:27:20 | |
ELEPHANT TRUMPETS | 0:27:28 | 0:27:30 | |
One has been overcome, and is being swept downstream. | 0:27:51 | 0:27:55 | |
The mothers try to keep hold of the young ones, | 0:28:05 | 0:28:08 | |
but they can't contain all three. | 0:28:08 | 0:28:10 | |
As they save one, the others get washed away. | 0:28:10 | 0:28:13 | |
The currents are even too strong for the mothers, | 0:28:27 | 0:28:30 | |
and they have no choice but to let their babies go. | 0:28:30 | 0:28:33 | |
Finally, one baby manages to clamber out, | 0:29:00 | 0:29:04 | |
but the other two are still struggling. | 0:29:04 | 0:29:06 | |
The mothers come to help, | 0:29:18 | 0:29:20 | |
but they have no way to lift them out. | 0:29:20 | 0:29:22 | |
The babies are weak and terrified. | 0:29:39 | 0:29:42 | |
Eventually, they manage to get out. | 0:29:59 | 0:30:02 | |
It's a massive relief. | 0:30:02 | 0:30:04 | |
What started as a lesson in life turned into a nightmare. | 0:30:12 | 0:30:16 | |
Growing up can be hard, even with your parents there to guide you. | 0:30:22 | 0:30:27 | |
Particularly when they start dishing out the tough love. | 0:30:28 | 0:30:32 | |
This barren, icy landscape is Antarctica, | 0:30:39 | 0:30:43 | |
one of the harshest places to grow up wild. | 0:30:43 | 0:30:47 | |
PENGUINS BRAY | 0:30:58 | 0:31:02 | |
Winter is only a few weeks away | 0:31:07 | 0:31:10 | |
and young Adelie penguins need to quickly get stronger | 0:31:10 | 0:31:14 | |
before the storms arrive. | 0:31:14 | 0:31:16 | |
The chicks are only three weeks old. | 0:31:24 | 0:31:26 | |
Their downy coats aren't fully waterproof, | 0:31:26 | 0:31:29 | |
so they cluster together for warmth. | 0:31:29 | 0:31:32 | |
It's essential the young stay in creches like this | 0:31:44 | 0:31:47 | |
as most of the adults have gone away. | 0:31:47 | 0:31:49 | |
They have left their offspring on land | 0:31:50 | 0:31:53 | |
as they go out to sea fishing, sometimes for days at a time. | 0:31:53 | 0:31:57 | |
When the parents return, | 0:32:13 | 0:32:16 | |
serving dinner becomes a competitive business. | 0:32:16 | 0:32:19 | |
Both these youngsters are ravenously hungry, | 0:32:22 | 0:32:25 | |
but before they can eat, they have to catch their mother. | 0:32:25 | 0:32:29 | |
It's a demanding test for the siblings. | 0:32:40 | 0:32:43 | |
Just staying on two feet can be a challenge. | 0:33:09 | 0:33:13 | |
The race for supper is proving too hard for one of the chicks. | 0:33:19 | 0:33:23 | |
It just can't keep up. | 0:33:23 | 0:33:25 | |
Sadly, there will be no food for him today. | 0:33:29 | 0:33:33 | |
The winner's reward is some tasty fish. | 0:33:35 | 0:33:38 | |
It may seem cruel, but with life so harsh here, | 0:33:47 | 0:33:50 | |
parents need to know which chick is stronger | 0:33:50 | 0:33:53 | |
and more likely to survive childhood. | 0:33:53 | 0:33:55 | |
The lessons dealt out by adults can be particularly tough, | 0:33:57 | 0:34:01 | |
and sometimes they're not always from your own parents. | 0:34:01 | 0:34:04 | |
These toque macaques in Sri Lanka live in large troops. | 0:34:10 | 0:34:15 | |
It's a very complex social structure with a strict hierarchy. | 0:34:18 | 0:34:23 | |
If they're to make it through childhood, | 0:34:27 | 0:34:29 | |
youngsters must fit in, and discipline is fiercely maintained. | 0:34:29 | 0:34:33 | |
All young macaques are low-ranking, and they have to quickly learn how | 0:34:37 | 0:34:41 | |
to show respect through a variety of gestures and facial expressions. | 0:34:41 | 0:34:46 | |
Adults don't hesitate to show who's in charge. | 0:34:55 | 0:34:59 | |
This infant female is considered to be the lowest of the low, | 0:35:10 | 0:35:14 | |
and she won't survive long | 0:35:14 | 0:35:16 | |
if she doesn't learn the social conventions. | 0:35:16 | 0:35:18 | |
The dominant male is the overall boss | 0:35:36 | 0:35:39 | |
and he demands respect from everyone, no matter how young. | 0:35:39 | 0:35:43 | |
He won't tolerate any sign of insubordination. | 0:35:43 | 0:35:47 | |
If he looks another macaque in the eye, | 0:35:52 | 0:35:55 | |
they have to express submission by chattering their teeth. | 0:35:55 | 0:35:58 | |
The tiny female has caught his eye, | 0:36:08 | 0:36:11 | |
but does she know what sound to make? | 0:36:11 | 0:36:14 | |
If she gets it wrong, the punishment will be harsh. | 0:36:27 | 0:36:31 | |
TEETH CHATTER | 0:36:35 | 0:36:38 | |
She just about manages to chatter her teeth - and just in time. | 0:36:43 | 0:36:49 | |
There'll be many more tests in this young macaque's life, | 0:36:53 | 0:36:57 | |
but at least she's passed her first. | 0:36:57 | 0:37:00 | |
Getting through the early stages of childhood can certainly be daunting. | 0:37:08 | 0:37:13 | |
As animals get older, their chances of survival inevitably increase, | 0:37:15 | 0:37:20 | |
but different issues have to be confronted. | 0:37:20 | 0:37:24 | |
Just like humans, the teenage years can prove troublesome. | 0:37:26 | 0:37:31 | |
It's a time when boundaries are tested | 0:37:31 | 0:37:34 | |
and tempers can fray. | 0:37:34 | 0:37:36 | |
Mistakes are made. | 0:37:44 | 0:37:46 | |
And some can be painful. | 0:37:49 | 0:37:51 | |
Full of testosterone, | 0:37:55 | 0:37:56 | |
young males all want to be the big guy. | 0:37:56 | 0:37:59 | |
They aren't always ready for independence but act like they are. | 0:37:59 | 0:38:05 | |
Being a teenager is never without its challenges. | 0:38:06 | 0:38:10 | |
Here in the forests of Uganda | 0:38:24 | 0:38:26 | |
is a family of gorillas. | 0:38:26 | 0:38:28 | |
Gorillas live in complex social groups | 0:38:34 | 0:38:36 | |
which aren't always the easiest to grow up in. | 0:38:36 | 0:38:40 | |
They usually form small groups with one dominant male silverback, | 0:38:50 | 0:38:54 | |
several females and their offspring. | 0:38:54 | 0:38:58 | |
This young teenage male is at a crossroads in his life. | 0:39:07 | 0:39:11 | |
He enjoys the security of his family | 0:39:12 | 0:39:15 | |
but within the group, his future is limited. | 0:39:15 | 0:39:18 | |
The dominant silverback is in charge | 0:39:40 | 0:39:43 | |
and only he is allowed to mate with the females in the group. | 0:39:43 | 0:39:47 | |
Full of hormones, | 0:39:58 | 0:39:59 | |
it's not easy for the adolescent gorilla. | 0:39:59 | 0:40:03 | |
If he wants a family of his own, | 0:40:10 | 0:40:13 | |
he will either have to leave the group to set up his own | 0:40:13 | 0:40:16 | |
or overthrow the lead silverback. | 0:40:16 | 0:40:19 | |
He's been trying prove his strength within the group. | 0:40:21 | 0:40:24 | |
He spots a younger male and tries to assert his dominance. | 0:40:26 | 0:40:30 | |
He places himself between the smaller male | 0:40:43 | 0:40:46 | |
and the rest of the family to show who is boss. | 0:40:46 | 0:40:49 | |
But taking on such small fry isn't enough to impress. | 0:41:01 | 0:41:05 | |
To challenge the dominant silverback would be a whole different story. | 0:41:11 | 0:41:16 | |
His only other option is to leave home. | 0:41:19 | 0:41:23 | |
It's not an easy decision to make. | 0:41:25 | 0:41:28 | |
In India, the tigers are also now teenagers, | 0:41:39 | 0:41:43 | |
but they seem to be having more fun. | 0:41:43 | 0:41:46 | |
Play is still a big part of their day, | 0:41:47 | 0:41:50 | |
but the rough and tumble has turned into more aggressive play fighting. | 0:41:50 | 0:41:54 | |
TIGERS GROWL | 0:41:56 | 0:41:59 | |
The sparring is good practice for when they leave home | 0:42:01 | 0:42:04 | |
and may need to fend off other tigers. | 0:42:04 | 0:42:07 | |
For now, though, they keep their claws in. | 0:42:14 | 0:42:17 | |
No hard feelings here. | 0:42:21 | 0:42:24 | |
To be independent, they also need to learn to hunt their own prey, | 0:42:24 | 0:42:28 | |
but this is proving more difficult. | 0:42:28 | 0:42:31 | |
One of the males quietly creeps up on a deer. | 0:42:39 | 0:42:43 | |
But he peaks too soon. | 0:42:49 | 0:42:51 | |
His sister also misses her chance as the deer runs straight past her. | 0:42:54 | 0:42:58 | |
They will just have to keep practising. | 0:43:04 | 0:43:06 | |
Of course, not all animals leave home - | 0:43:13 | 0:43:15 | |
some stay within their extended families. | 0:43:15 | 0:43:18 | |
The size of the group can vary widely. | 0:43:20 | 0:43:22 | |
Hippos, for example, | 0:43:23 | 0:43:25 | |
can form small pods... | 0:43:25 | 0:43:27 | |
..or come together in very large numbers. | 0:43:33 | 0:43:36 | |
Many, like wolves, form groups or packs as a strategy for hunting | 0:43:40 | 0:43:44 | |
and to give them safety in numbers. | 0:43:44 | 0:43:47 | |
The animals within such communities like these gelada baboons | 0:43:52 | 0:43:56 | |
are old enough to leave home, | 0:43:56 | 0:43:58 | |
but the protection of their social group takes priority | 0:43:58 | 0:44:01 | |
and they're destined to stay. | 0:44:01 | 0:44:02 | |
But even within such groups there are individuals that are born | 0:44:07 | 0:44:11 | |
to be different and are destined to leave their families. | 0:44:11 | 0:44:14 | |
One of those can be found in the African desert. | 0:44:23 | 0:44:26 | |
This little creature is a female naked mole rat. | 0:44:31 | 0:44:34 | |
She has never ventured above ground before. | 0:44:43 | 0:44:46 | |
She doesn't belong here. | 0:44:46 | 0:44:48 | |
Night-time in the desert can be a dangerous place... | 0:44:53 | 0:44:56 | |
..but tonight she is risking her life | 0:44:58 | 0:45:01 | |
in an attempt to fulfil her destiny. | 0:45:01 | 0:45:03 | |
She has left the safety of her family to go in search of a mate. | 0:45:09 | 0:45:13 | |
But...with danger everywhere, | 0:45:15 | 0:45:18 | |
will she even survive the night? | 0:45:18 | 0:45:20 | |
Naked mole rats are one of the planet's strangest mammals. | 0:45:29 | 0:45:32 | |
Their home is a network of specially built tunnels under the ground. | 0:45:34 | 0:45:37 | |
They live in large communities with one dominant female and many | 0:45:58 | 0:46:02 | |
so-called "workers". | 0:46:02 | 0:46:04 | |
Only the dominant female will reproduce. | 0:46:04 | 0:46:07 | |
However, occasionally there is a "chosen" offspring, a princess who | 0:46:09 | 0:46:14 | |
will grow up pampered and not have to work. | 0:46:14 | 0:46:18 | |
Instead, she reserves her energy for her big day when she will leave home | 0:46:18 | 0:46:23 | |
to set up a brand-new colony. | 0:46:23 | 0:46:25 | |
But alone in the desert, this princess won't survive for long. | 0:46:28 | 0:46:31 | |
Her search to find a partner is urgent. | 0:46:33 | 0:46:35 | |
There's an enticing smell in the air. | 0:46:42 | 0:46:44 | |
Finally, a seductive scent draws her down to safety. | 0:46:53 | 0:46:57 | |
She's sniffed out a partner, | 0:47:06 | 0:47:08 | |
he too is alone and eager to start a new family in his empty burrow. | 0:47:08 | 0:47:12 | |
Two months later and the princess has become a queen. | 0:47:25 | 0:47:29 | |
She has had her first litter of babies | 0:47:31 | 0:47:33 | |
and is now ready to start ruling over | 0:47:33 | 0:47:35 | |
a new dynasty of naked mole rats. | 0:47:35 | 0:47:37 | |
Only certain chosen individual mole rats will cut loose | 0:47:51 | 0:47:54 | |
from their communities to start new families, but with some creatures | 0:47:54 | 0:47:59 | |
there can be a whole generation destined to leave home. | 0:47:59 | 0:48:03 | |
One such species can also be found under the ground | 0:48:09 | 0:48:12 | |
in the deserts of Arizona. | 0:48:12 | 0:48:15 | |
For the first time for six years, | 0:48:25 | 0:48:27 | |
a generation of honey ants has been born with wings. | 0:48:27 | 0:48:31 | |
The rest of the colony are wingless and they are all female, | 0:48:39 | 0:48:43 | |
but these winged offspring include female and male ants. | 0:48:43 | 0:48:47 | |
When the time is right, their wings will offer them | 0:48:58 | 0:49:02 | |
the chance to leave home. | 0:49:02 | 0:49:03 | |
THUNDER RUMBLES | 0:49:07 | 0:49:08 | |
This is what they were waiting for - the summer monsoon. | 0:49:17 | 0:49:21 | |
These torrential downpours can produce several centimetres of rain | 0:49:25 | 0:49:28 | |
in just a few hours. | 0:49:28 | 0:49:30 | |
The rain will make the normally hard, dry ground, soft, and that is | 0:49:44 | 0:49:49 | |
when the winged ants will be ready to make their own way in the world. | 0:49:49 | 0:49:52 | |
THUNDER RUMBLES | 0:49:52 | 0:49:54 | |
As the rains stop, the worker ants come out to prepare the nest hole, | 0:50:03 | 0:50:07 | |
a launchpad for their special siblings. | 0:50:07 | 0:50:09 | |
Their big moment has arrived. | 0:50:19 | 0:50:22 | |
They come out into the light and get ready for takeoff. | 0:50:22 | 0:50:25 | |
This is what they were born for. | 0:50:35 | 0:50:37 | |
Hundreds of insects take to the air... | 0:50:44 | 0:50:46 | |
..from this colony and from many others. | 0:50:48 | 0:50:51 | |
They frenetically seek each other out. | 0:50:55 | 0:50:57 | |
They need to mate as quickly as possible. | 0:50:59 | 0:51:01 | |
Then, they will span out across the desert. | 0:51:15 | 0:51:18 | |
Those that survive will get the chance to start their own colony. | 0:51:29 | 0:51:33 | |
If you are destined to leave home and start your own family, | 0:51:41 | 0:51:45 | |
knowing when to go isn't always an easy decision. | 0:51:45 | 0:51:48 | |
The young male gorilla is spending more and more time alone. | 0:51:56 | 0:51:59 | |
The rest of his troop have found a tasty feast of fungi. | 0:52:06 | 0:52:09 | |
The dominant silverback always has priority and eats first. | 0:52:15 | 0:52:19 | |
The children arrive and are allowed to share the fungi. | 0:52:22 | 0:52:25 | |
But the young male is last in the pecking order - | 0:52:40 | 0:52:43 | |
even the babies can feed before him. | 0:52:43 | 0:52:45 | |
It's all a bit disheartening. | 0:52:55 | 0:52:57 | |
To make matters worse, the silverback flaunts his right | 0:53:10 | 0:53:13 | |
to mate in front of him. | 0:53:13 | 0:53:15 | |
Is it time for the teenage gorilla to make his own way in the world? | 0:53:22 | 0:53:26 | |
The family set off together into the forest. | 0:53:37 | 0:53:40 | |
If the young male goes with them, he will never have a family of | 0:53:46 | 0:53:49 | |
his own as he isn't strong enough to challenge the dominant silverback. | 0:53:49 | 0:53:53 | |
He doesn't follow the family but sets off in another direction. | 0:54:06 | 0:54:11 | |
Leaving home could spell years of hardship living alone, | 0:54:14 | 0:54:18 | |
but at least it offers him the chance | 0:54:18 | 0:54:20 | |
of one day finding his own group and fulfilling his ultimate aim - | 0:54:20 | 0:54:24 | |
that of becoming a dominant silverback. | 0:54:24 | 0:54:26 | |
The tiger cubs are fully grown and almost ready to leave home. | 0:54:44 | 0:54:49 | |
One of the females is hunting alone. | 0:54:50 | 0:54:52 | |
She has perfected her stealth technique. | 0:55:06 | 0:55:09 | |
She knows it's all about timing and she has learned the art of patience. | 0:55:43 | 0:55:48 | |
Success! | 0:56:07 | 0:56:09 | |
It's only a fawn but it's a start. | 0:56:16 | 0:56:19 | |
It's too small to share with her siblings | 0:56:27 | 0:56:29 | |
and she makes that quite clear. | 0:56:29 | 0:56:30 | |
After two years of living and learning together, | 0:56:45 | 0:56:48 | |
these tigers no longer need their mother or each other. | 0:56:48 | 0:56:52 | |
They have already begun to carve out their own territories and are ready | 0:56:55 | 0:56:59 | |
to live life alone. | 0:56:59 | 0:57:01 | |
Growing up wild is not an easy business. | 0:57:14 | 0:57:17 | |
There are many trials and tribulations along the way. | 0:57:22 | 0:57:25 | |
It can be a long hard journey... | 0:57:29 | 0:57:31 | |
..even with the support of your parents. | 0:57:32 | 0:57:35 | |
But childhood is also exciting as animals discover their world | 0:57:38 | 0:57:41 | |
for the first time. | 0:57:41 | 0:57:43 | |
And for those who do make the grade, | 0:57:48 | 0:57:50 | |
a new adventure is just beginning as they start their adult life. | 0:57:50 | 0:57:55 |