Growing Up Wild Natural World


Growing Up Wild

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For animals, growing up is a real adventure.

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Learning how to get by in life can be fun,

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but it can also prove testing.

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Danger is never far away...

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and bad decisions

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could land you in a whole heap of trouble.

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ALLIGATOR HISSES

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However, with a little help from Mum and Dad,

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childhood can be an exciting time.

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As every day brings a new lesson for animals

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growing up wild.

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For some animals, growing up is a lonely business.

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They're abandoned as soon as they're born,

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relying entirely on their instincts to survive.

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From the very beginning of life, they're left to grow up alone

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and have to fend for themselves.

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But many animals do benefit from a little help from their parents.

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And in the early days of life,

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they're often completely reliant on them.

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In this Indian forest, a new life is exploring the world

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for the first time -

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a precious tiger cub.

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It's just ten days old.

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Most cubs will stay in their dens for the first six weeks,

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but this one is clearly adventurous.

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Although the cub's eyes are open,

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it'll be a few weeks before it can see properly.

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It's completely helpless.

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CUB SCREECHES

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There are four new cubs in all, and they're quite lively.

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In these early days,

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they're dependent on their mother for everything,

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but right now, they're not making her life easy.

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CUB SCREECHES

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It's enough to test any parent's patience.

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Tiger cubs stay with their mother until they're about two years old.

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But typically, only half will make it to maturity.

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There's no doubt these youngsters face a bumpy journey to adulthood.

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The first steps of growing up

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are often some of the most precarious in any animal's life.

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For some, they are literally a leap of faith.

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It's spring in the forests of Eastern Europe,

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and, safe within the hollow of a tree,

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a female mandarin duck is about to teach her one-day-old ducklings

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how to leave their nest.

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She leads the way.

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DUCKLINGS CHIRP

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The ducklings are imprinted on their mother,

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which means they're pre-programmed to follow her.

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However, it's a long drop, and a few calls of encouragement are needed.

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DUCKLING CHIRPS

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Two have landed safely,

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but there are more left to jump.

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At least it's a soft landing.

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Off we go!

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Deep breath.

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Geronimo!

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The final pair take to the air.

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Made it.

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But their escapade isn't over.

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They must now reach water.

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The nearest pool is almost a mile away -

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quite a trek for the youngsters.

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By following their mother's lead,

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these ducklings have passed their first test.

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Now on water, they will spend their time learning what's good to eat

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and exploring their new watery world.

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Wherever your home is,

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taking your first big steps in life can be quite an undertaking.

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But for some, the challenge is far greater than others.

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Nevertheless, it's something they must get right.

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Here in Israel, those first steps don't get much more difficult.

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Up here, your footing needs to be firm

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and a head for heights is essential.

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Meet the ibex.

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They have made these treacherous cliffs their own.

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But for these newborn youngsters,

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this rocky wilderness makes for a nerve-racking nursery.

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They spend the first few days of their life at the highest level,

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relatively safe from predators who can't scale such heady heights.

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However, at only a few days old,

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they have to leave their playtime plateaus.

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For the first time, they must attempt to climb down

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these terrifying precipices to find food.

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It's a daunting prospect -

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certainly not for the faint-hearted.

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Their mother leads the way.

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The kids are understandably tentative.

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They must slowly pick their way down the sheer rock faces.

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Their mother shows them the best route.

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She has done it hundreds of times before,

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but for the kids, this is new territory.

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Gradually, they start to get the hang of it,

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but they need to focus,

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as one slip could be their last.

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Finally, they've made it.

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There's a whole new world at the lower levels

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with plenty of food and water.

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Here, the parents show off their balancing skills

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as they all browse together.

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But one kid has been left behind,

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and she's in trouble.

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A fox.

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And it's spotted the straggler.

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The young ibex runs as fast as it can back up the cliff

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but the fox is right on its heels.

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It'll be hoping for a quick kill.

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As the kid heads back up the cliff,

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the fox tries to gain the higher ground.

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But the kid has scrambled onto a rock face.

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It's so steep that only it could possibly stand there

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without toppling off.

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The fox has no choice but to give up.

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It doesn't stand a chance on this precipice.

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The lessons learned on this morning's descent

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have saved the kid's life,

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and despite still being so young,

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it has outwitted one of the canniest of predators.

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Conquering your terrain is a crucial part of growing up,

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but for some animals, it can also be a race against time.

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Here in the African Congo, a colony of skimmers,

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so called for their special feeding technique,

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have made these sandbanks their home.

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But it won't be forever, as before long, the waters here will rise,

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and they will have to move on.

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These young skimmers were born here and are only a few weeks old.

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SKIMMER CHIRPS

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Before the waters rise, they need to learn to fly

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and how to catch fish and they need to learn both skills quickly.

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They watch as the adults gracefully skim the water.

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An adult skimmer has a beak

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with the lower part longer than the upper.

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With this, they can slice through the water at ten metres a second.

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If their beak hits something, it will snap shut.

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It's a clever technique for catching fish.

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The problem for youngsters is that they have to wait

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for the lower part of their beak to completely grow.

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In the meantime, while the water is shallow

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and they have the sand to run on,

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they do their best to learn the skimming technique.

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It's not as easy as it looks,

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but they need to perfect the skill as it's vital to their survival.

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The clock is ticking.

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Soon, all the sand they are using as a practice ground will be gone.

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THUNDER CRACKS

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The annual storms in the African Congo have arrived.

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Very soon, these nursery sand flats

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will be under several metres of water.

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The skimmers have to move out.

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With their home disappearing,

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the time has come for the young skimmers to take to the air

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with the rest of the colony.

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Practice time is over.

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How well they've mastered the art of skimming

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will affect the future success of their adult life.

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The amount of time animals are with their parents varies greatly,

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and for some, childhood can be leisurely.

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They spend much of their time playing.

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It might only seem like a bit of fun

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but it's essential to a young animal's development.

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It helps with their strength, coordination and social skills.

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Playing is a crucial part of learning.

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And the games can be a rehearsal for adult life.

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Six months later in India,

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and the tiger cubs are putting their play into practice

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and trying to hunt.

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They must closely follow their mother

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as she slowly creeps through the forest.

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It's all about stealth.

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Patience and timing are crucial.

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The moment to pounce has to be exactly right.

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TIGER CUB GROWLS

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But one of the cubs just can't keep his excitement to himself.

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Mum isn't too impressed.

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She'll have to start all over again.

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The tiger cubs still have a lot to learn.

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Always paying attention to your parents

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and following their lead can sometimes be trying.

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Summer in the Arctic,

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and the frozen surface of the ocean is beginning to disintegrate.

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These two polar bear cubs are six months old.

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It's the first time they've seen the ice break up,

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and they're about to get a swimming lesson.

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They're not too sure about making the plunge.

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For their mother, swimming is second nature,

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but the cubs still prefer to have ice beneath their feet

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whenever they can.

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Soon, it will be impossible to avoid the water,

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so swimming isn't extra-curricular, it's crucial.

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The cubs will stay with their mother for another two years -

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not until then will they be ready to leave her side.

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For some animals, learning from your parents can take years.

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Apart from humans,

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it is the orang-utan which has the longest of all primate childhoods.

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This female orang is 42 years old.

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Her daughter is six,

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and will stay with her for at least another two years.

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But then, there is much you must understand

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in the treetop world of Sumatra.

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She has to learn to collect ants and termites.

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She will need to identify at least 300 edible plants

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and avoid the poisonous ones.

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Judging when fruit is ripe is essential.

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The young orang must also be able to judge which branches

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can carry her weight and which insect nests are safe to raid.

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BUZZING

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Building up a guide to the foods of the rainforest

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is a long and complex process.

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But it's vital training for the future.

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When her education is complete,

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this young orang will leave her mother

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and eventually she will pass on this in-depth knowledge

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to her own offspring.

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It's clear that your mother's example

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has a huge impact on your chance of survival.

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In many cases, she is your sole teacher when growing up.

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However, there are times when following your mum

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can lead you into trouble.

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A fast-flowing river in Kenya,

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full of strong currents...

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as well as crocodiles.

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Despite the dangers,

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this herd of elephants has to get across.

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The matriarch of the group leads some youngsters into the river.

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She knows that to reach the other side,

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she has to head slightly upstream into the current.

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Watching from the shallows is a younger group.

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These small calves have mothers who are far less experienced.

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They watch the older matriarch reach the other side safely.

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ELEPHANT TRUMPETS

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Then it's their turn to brave the river.

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ELEPHANT TRUMPETS

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They are almost immediately in trouble,

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but in too deep to get back.

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ELEPHANT TRUMPETS

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If the youngsters become separated, they will easily drown.

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ELEPHANT TRUMPETS

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One has been overcome, and is being swept downstream.

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The mothers try to keep hold of the young ones,

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but they can't contain all three.

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As they save one, the others get washed away.

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The currents are even too strong for the mothers,

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and they have no choice but to let their babies go.

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Finally, one baby manages to clamber out,

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but the other two are still struggling.

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The mothers come to help,

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but they have no way to lift them out.

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The babies are weak and terrified.

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Eventually, they manage to get out.

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It's a massive relief.

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What started as a lesson in life turned into a nightmare.

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Growing up can be hard, even with your parents there to guide you.

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Particularly when they start dishing out the tough love.

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This barren, icy landscape is Antarctica,

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one of the harshest places to grow up wild.

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PENGUINS BRAY

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Winter is only a few weeks away

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and young Adelie penguins need to quickly get stronger

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before the storms arrive.

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The chicks are only three weeks old.

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Their downy coats aren't fully waterproof,

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so they cluster together for warmth.

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It's essential the young stay in creches like this

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as most of the adults have gone away.

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They have left their offspring on land

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as they go out to sea fishing, sometimes for days at a time.

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When the parents return,

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serving dinner becomes a competitive business.

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Both these youngsters are ravenously hungry,

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but before they can eat, they have to catch their mother.

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It's a demanding test for the siblings.

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Just staying on two feet can be a challenge.

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The race for supper is proving too hard for one of the chicks.

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It just can't keep up.

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Sadly, there will be no food for him today.

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The winner's reward is some tasty fish.

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It may seem cruel, but with life so harsh here,

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parents need to know which chick is stronger

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and more likely to survive childhood.

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The lessons dealt out by adults can be particularly tough,

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and sometimes they're not always from your own parents.

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These toque macaques in Sri Lanka live in large troops.

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It's a very complex social structure with a strict hierarchy.

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If they're to make it through childhood,

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youngsters must fit in, and discipline is fiercely maintained.

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All young macaques are low-ranking, and they have to quickly learn how

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to show respect through a variety of gestures and facial expressions.

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Adults don't hesitate to show who's in charge.

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This infant female is considered to be the lowest of the low,

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and she won't survive long

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if she doesn't learn the social conventions.

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The dominant male is the overall boss

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and he demands respect from everyone, no matter how young.

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He won't tolerate any sign of insubordination.

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If he looks another macaque in the eye,

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they have to express submission by chattering their teeth.

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The tiny female has caught his eye,

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but does she know what sound to make?

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If she gets it wrong, the punishment will be harsh.

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TEETH CHATTER

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She just about manages to chatter her teeth - and just in time.

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There'll be many more tests in this young macaque's life,

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but at least she's passed her first.

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Getting through the early stages of childhood can certainly be daunting.

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As animals get older, their chances of survival inevitably increase,

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but different issues have to be confronted.

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Just like humans, the teenage years can prove troublesome.

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It's a time when boundaries are tested

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and tempers can fray.

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Mistakes are made.

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And some can be painful.

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Full of testosterone,

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young males all want to be the big guy.

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They aren't always ready for independence but act like they are.

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Being a teenager is never without its challenges.

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Here in the forests of Uganda

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is a family of gorillas.

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Gorillas live in complex social groups

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which aren't always the easiest to grow up in.

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They usually form small groups with one dominant male silverback,

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several females and their offspring.

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This young teenage male is at a crossroads in his life.

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He enjoys the security of his family

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but within the group, his future is limited.

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The dominant silverback is in charge

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and only he is allowed to mate with the females in the group.

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Full of hormones,

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it's not easy for the adolescent gorilla.

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If he wants a family of his own,

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he will either have to leave the group to set up his own

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or overthrow the lead silverback.

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He's been trying prove his strength within the group.

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He spots a younger male and tries to assert his dominance.

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He places himself between the smaller male

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and the rest of the family to show who is boss.

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But taking on such small fry isn't enough to impress.

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To challenge the dominant silverback would be a whole different story.

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His only other option is to leave home.

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It's not an easy decision to make.

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In India, the tigers are also now teenagers,

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but they seem to be having more fun.

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Play is still a big part of their day,

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but the rough and tumble has turned into more aggressive play fighting.

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TIGERS GROWL

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The sparring is good practice for when they leave home

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and may need to fend off other tigers.

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For now, though, they keep their claws in.

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No hard feelings here.

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To be independent, they also need to learn to hunt their own prey,

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but this is proving more difficult.

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One of the males quietly creeps up on a deer.

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But he peaks too soon.

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His sister also misses her chance as the deer runs straight past her.

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They will just have to keep practising.

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Of course, not all animals leave home -

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some stay within their extended families.

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The size of the group can vary widely.

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Hippos, for example,

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can form small pods...

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..or come together in very large numbers.

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Many, like wolves, form groups or packs as a strategy for hunting

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and to give them safety in numbers.

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The animals within such communities like these gelada baboons

0:43:520:43:56

are old enough to leave home,

0:43:560:43:58

but the protection of their social group takes priority

0:43:580:44:01

and they're destined to stay.

0:44:010:44:02

But even within such groups there are individuals that are born

0:44:070:44:11

to be different and are destined to leave their families.

0:44:110:44:14

One of those can be found in the African desert.

0:44:230:44:26

This little creature is a female naked mole rat.

0:44:310:44:34

She has never ventured above ground before.

0:44:430:44:46

She doesn't belong here.

0:44:460:44:48

Night-time in the desert can be a dangerous place...

0:44:530:44:56

..but tonight she is risking her life

0:44:580:45:01

in an attempt to fulfil her destiny.

0:45:010:45:03

She has left the safety of her family to go in search of a mate.

0:45:090:45:13

But...with danger everywhere,

0:45:150:45:18

will she even survive the night?

0:45:180:45:20

Naked mole rats are one of the planet's strangest mammals.

0:45:290:45:32

Their home is a network of specially built tunnels under the ground.

0:45:340:45:37

They live in large communities with one dominant female and many

0:45:580:46:02

so-called "workers".

0:46:020:46:04

Only the dominant female will reproduce.

0:46:040:46:07

However, occasionally there is a "chosen" offspring, a princess who

0:46:090:46:14

will grow up pampered and not have to work.

0:46:140:46:18

Instead, she reserves her energy for her big day when she will leave home

0:46:180:46:23

to set up a brand-new colony.

0:46:230:46:25

But alone in the desert, this princess won't survive for long.

0:46:280:46:31

Her search to find a partner is urgent.

0:46:330:46:35

There's an enticing smell in the air.

0:46:420:46:44

Finally, a seductive scent draws her down to safety.

0:46:530:46:57

She's sniffed out a partner,

0:47:060:47:08

he too is alone and eager to start a new family in his empty burrow.

0:47:080:47:12

Two months later and the princess has become a queen.

0:47:250:47:29

She has had her first litter of babies

0:47:310:47:33

and is now ready to start ruling over

0:47:330:47:35

a new dynasty of naked mole rats.

0:47:350:47:37

Only certain chosen individual mole rats will cut loose

0:47:510:47:54

from their communities to start new families, but with some creatures

0:47:540:47:59

there can be a whole generation destined to leave home.

0:47:590:48:03

One such species can also be found under the ground

0:48:090:48:12

in the deserts of Arizona.

0:48:120:48:15

For the first time for six years,

0:48:250:48:27

a generation of honey ants has been born with wings.

0:48:270:48:31

The rest of the colony are wingless and they are all female,

0:48:390:48:43

but these winged offspring include female and male ants.

0:48:430:48:47

When the time is right, their wings will offer them

0:48:580:49:02

the chance to leave home.

0:49:020:49:03

THUNDER RUMBLES

0:49:070:49:08

This is what they were waiting for - the summer monsoon.

0:49:170:49:21

These torrential downpours can produce several centimetres of rain

0:49:250:49:28

in just a few hours.

0:49:280:49:30

The rain will make the normally hard, dry ground, soft, and that is

0:49:440:49:49

when the winged ants will be ready to make their own way in the world.

0:49:490:49:52

THUNDER RUMBLES

0:49:520:49:54

As the rains stop, the worker ants come out to prepare the nest hole,

0:50:030:50:07

a launchpad for their special siblings.

0:50:070:50:09

Their big moment has arrived.

0:50:190:50:22

They come out into the light and get ready for takeoff.

0:50:220:50:25

This is what they were born for.

0:50:350:50:37

Hundreds of insects take to the air...

0:50:440:50:46

..from this colony and from many others.

0:50:480:50:51

They frenetically seek each other out.

0:50:550:50:57

They need to mate as quickly as possible.

0:50:590:51:01

Then, they will span out across the desert.

0:51:150:51:18

Those that survive will get the chance to start their own colony.

0:51:290:51:33

If you are destined to leave home and start your own family,

0:51:410:51:45

knowing when to go isn't always an easy decision.

0:51:450:51:48

The young male gorilla is spending more and more time alone.

0:51:560:51:59

The rest of his troop have found a tasty feast of fungi.

0:52:060:52:09

The dominant silverback always has priority and eats first.

0:52:150:52:19

The children arrive and are allowed to share the fungi.

0:52:220:52:25

But the young male is last in the pecking order -

0:52:400:52:43

even the babies can feed before him.

0:52:430:52:45

It's all a bit disheartening.

0:52:550:52:57

To make matters worse, the silverback flaunts his right

0:53:100:53:13

to mate in front of him.

0:53:130:53:15

Is it time for the teenage gorilla to make his own way in the world?

0:53:220:53:26

The family set off together into the forest.

0:53:370:53:40

If the young male goes with them, he will never have a family of

0:53:460:53:49

his own as he isn't strong enough to challenge the dominant silverback.

0:53:490:53:53

He doesn't follow the family but sets off in another direction.

0:54:060:54:11

Leaving home could spell years of hardship living alone,

0:54:140:54:18

but at least it offers him the chance

0:54:180:54:20

of one day finding his own group and fulfilling his ultimate aim -

0:54:200:54:24

that of becoming a dominant silverback.

0:54:240:54:26

The tiger cubs are fully grown and almost ready to leave home.

0:54:440:54:49

One of the females is hunting alone.

0:54:500:54:52

She has perfected her stealth technique.

0:55:060:55:09

She knows it's all about timing and she has learned the art of patience.

0:55:430:55:48

Success!

0:56:070:56:09

It's only a fawn but it's a start.

0:56:160:56:19

It's too small to share with her siblings

0:56:270:56:29

and she makes that quite clear.

0:56:290:56:30

After two years of living and learning together,

0:56:450:56:48

these tigers no longer need their mother or each other.

0:56:480:56:52

They have already begun to carve out their own territories and are ready

0:56:550:56:59

to live life alone.

0:56:590:57:01

Growing up wild is not an easy business.

0:57:140:57:17

There are many trials and tribulations along the way.

0:57:220:57:25

It can be a long hard journey...

0:57:290:57:31

..even with the support of your parents.

0:57:320:57:35

But childhood is also exciting as animals discover their world

0:57:380:57:41

for the first time.

0:57:410:57:43

And for those who do make the grade,

0:57:480:57:50

a new adventure is just beginning as they start their adult life.

0:57:500:57:55

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