Episode 2 Wild Alaska Live


Episode 2

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These images are coming to you live from Alaska, look at that brown bear

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surrounded by the seagulls, 11 o'clock in the morning in Alaska and

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all of the animals are making the most of this summer feast. We will

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have a live action as a largest predators come together in fierce

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competition. I would explore the inside of this magnificent glacier.

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This is Wild Alaska Live! Hello and welcome to all of you in

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the UK, welcome to Wild Alaska Live as he watched this beautiful brown

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bear fishing in the shallows up the coast from where we watch these

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pictures at the time this National Park, the mother is feeding these

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cubs, magical images. All of this is going on on the other side of the

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world as you are sitting watching this. We can enjoy the Temple of

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what is going on and it is just remarkable scenes to witness, the

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young cub learning from its mother, such a critical time in the year

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because the summer is short here, we have teams all across the wilderness

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in Alaska doing their best to bring you this footage and as we are all

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enjoying. Last time we introduced you to all of the animals, soberly,

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as the feast continues to build we will take you even closer to those

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huge predators as they make the most of this summer feast. We can see

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what else is going on because we have cameras on the creek. It is not

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far away from here. Lots of Eagle footage we can bring you, we have a

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live Crew, the classic icon of America, the bald eagle, a proud

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bird, that is just over five years old, because of that white skull,

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look at those fish struggling in the background. More bears, this is all

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live, look at the size of them. And as the summer goes, they grow with

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all of the goodness the salmon rings, all of that fat and protein.

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We also have live pictures from the sky, courtesy of Debbie and Daniel

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and Danielle straightaway has this live wolf! We had a television first

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on Sunday, the first ever live pictures of the world and you can

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see this one prowling along the shoreline. Debbie, thank you for

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finding this wonderful wildlife footage! You have just gone up!

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Daniel, you had a high benchmark last time but you have surpassed

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this in just than two minutes! We will come back to you very shortly.

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I am just mesmerised, you can see this, transfixed on the salmon, he

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will leave that. Herding the salmon into the shallows and then pounce.

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That is a good glimpse of the geography on the coast and look at

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that! The three animals in that shot, the Wolf, the bear and her

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cubs and the seagulls waiting for those easy pickings. It is not just

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Debbie and Daniel in the helicopter, Steve is already out there, we are

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looking at some pre-recorded footage of you in the helicopter because you

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have read on quite the mission? That is an understatement! I have

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explored pretty much every inch of this glacier, from above and from

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below but those shots, Adebayor and the wired world in the middle of the

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I cannot underestimate how special that is and how much this shows what

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an incredible sanctuary for life Alaska really worlds have been

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persecuted over the world, to see them in broad daylight in the open,

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it shows this is one of the last places where they are truly safe and

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have a very good future. One of the most positive things about Alaska.

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This incredible spectacle, this glacier, this is somewhere we want

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to talk about in detail, I got right into the inside of this glacier, I

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will show you some order that later. We also have cameras in the water so

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we can watch lots of salmon making their way back to this spot and

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these salmon are making the most of this rising water level. And this is

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a critical time because millions of salmon, millions of them are taking

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an incredible journey on this side of the world, from where you are

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watching in the UK and they are born here in these rivers, they spend one

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year right here and win this location gets imprinted on their

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brain and then they head to the Pacific Ocean, look at this map,

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once they are in the sea they grow up, they feed, travelling as far as

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Japan before heading back home and this happens between the ages of two

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and five years old and this is bizarre, they have to get back, they

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become a feast once they enter these rivers and that is wife all of the

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cameras are picking this up, this huge feeding frenzy and to get some

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idea of the numbers, five different species of salmon and in this area

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alone, this is Bristol Bay and in this area, just one species, the

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numbers are already as far as the season are concerned over 50

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million, sockeye salmon, there are five species and if we look at this

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map, this brown water mark, this is the Katmai National Park and these

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pictures we have seen in the programme, the Wolf and the brown

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bears, those signals, that is coming from this part and this is where Liz

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Bonnin has been making her home for the past week and the question is,

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we have seen from your area, the trouble you are in, what is the

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plan? To continue immersing ourselves in this most glorious

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place, we cannot quite believe what we can see every day, every day the

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feast intensifies and as you can see, the mother is teaching her cubs

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to get a real taste, they are not quite ready to fish very well but

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they mimic their mother, they do not know what they are doing but once

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she gives them a taste of the salmon, like those cubs, they are

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joining the dots and I understand how important it is to learn how to

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hunt and what the reward is. There is a wolf skirting around, waiting

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to see if he can pick off some of the bits left over but he is not

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going to get anything, as are the seagulls, those players will eat

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everything, this is thrilling and electrifying. And every day we spent

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here, it gets even more intense and even more exciting so we shall bring

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you as much of this action live during the show and on Sunday. On

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Sunday, last Sunday, we were treated to magnificent scenes of the bears

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surfing in the shallows and less than right now but wonderful to see

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them getting that first taste of the salmon but right now, millions of

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salmon make their way up referring and that means that more bears are

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arriving. It was sunny right then, it is very different right now, the

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weather has turned but in this cooler weather with the rain, the

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bears are much more active and that is potentially IB shall see what

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action today, it is cooler and they enjoyed this month, they get to do

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more fishing on a day like today. Because millions of salmon are

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coursing up the rivers, the feast intensifies and those bears are

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sizing each other up so we will find out today what happens when they

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meet and compete for the best possible fish and we will bring all

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of that to you live! Does live television get any better? I have

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done a lot of this and I cannot believe that we are seeing, we know

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this has got to talking and asking lots of questions, and you can send

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more questions to the Facebook page, or you can use #AlaskaLive on

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Twitter. We can answer all of your questions and analyse what is going

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on with the very best that this forest has to offer, we are

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interrupting Pete Schneider and John Neary, the head ranger, John, we

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have a mission. We are going to try to bring black bears to the UK live.

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What are the chances? We are right you are amongst them. Good chance?

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We have a chance, this is a forest and they are creatures of the Forest

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so they disappear as soon as they take just a few steps. We have seen

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them already, let us keep everything crossed they turn up on air. And it

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is not just the UK that has been amazed, even this team has been

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surprised by what is turning up and what the cameras have captured. We

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are going to witness some credible sites. This could be the first time

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this has been seen live on camera. I cannot quite believe what I am

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looking at, almost surreal to see these magnificent creatures so close

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up. No way! Incredible! That is a shark!

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We have to give a massive shout out to the technical teams managing to

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bring all of this to you, really quite remarkable but Liz, you have a

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question to a presenter, what precautions must you take to ensure

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presenters do not get eaten by the bears? That is from Sarah. Thank you

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for that! It is all about understanding behaviour from bears,

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as was explained on Sunday and we have never felt in danger, we have

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been pretty close and once you are in the safe hands of a guide and you

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listen to everything and you act like a bear and understand never to

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threaten them and move away or behave in a certain way, that is all

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you seem to need in a place like this, we do not have any guns, we

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don't have to use any flares and I have felt very safe hands, as long

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as you understand and respect the wild animals, this place is a

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magical experience. We are in Katmai National Park, 700 miles away from

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their base in Tongass National Park, one of the most protected areas in

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Alaska and we have images of the wild bears, here is one of them

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closer to the mouth of the river and this is interesting because at this

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time of the few weeks when the salmon run happens, the bears moved

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to key positions along the river and that is what we will look at today.

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As the salmon moved upriver people follow them and find out what

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happens when brown bears, Normandy solitary, anti-social animals, what

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happens when they come together and get their fill without this place

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becoming a battlefield. And the social interaction of bears is far

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more complex and fascinating and you can imagine. We are in the hands of

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an expert, Samarra, and we are walking down wildlife highway, this

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has been carved out by thousands of bear footprints and moose and links

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and foxes and we are following in their footsteps. The brilliant?

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Incredible, we're in a meadow, a very important place for the bears,

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what do they feed on? Sage grouse in the meadow and the mothers and cubs

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come here. They benefit the most from the young shoots? With

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lactating mothers, that helps, the mother teaches the cubs what to eat.

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The bears here are also known as the gardeners of Katmai? When they eat

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the grass, it goes through their system and when it comes out, it is

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good. They are planting miniature gardens as they move through the

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landscape! This place does transform once the men have their minds set on

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the salmon, they move on the meadow, what happens? It is a playground,

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the mothers feed on the grass and the little clubs play and it is

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pretty cute. We did spot a mother and her cubs earlier on, they have

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headed to the shoreline, there is a lot of fish and also the position of

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this meadow is pretty handy for mothers and cubs? By the river? The

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river is by the long grass? There is nothing to obstruct their

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view. Their mums can see if they're still fishing at the creek and once

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they're gone she can start fishing and can hear the fish coming up the

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creek, as well. Before this happens this place is an arena for courtship

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behaviours during the mating season. Tell me what this place looks like

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at that time of year. You have the big dominant males pursuing specific

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females and then other dominant males trying to vie for those

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particular females. OK. Bears are not monogamous, so it gets heck

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hectic sometimes? The competition happens when the two big males spar

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with each other to get that female. As you can tell from the role of

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places like this, the meadows and the rivers, a different times of

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year, everything changes. There is a gear shift all along the year. It

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is. It's a fascinating place and I am still learning so much about

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bears. I completely underestimated how complex and intricate their

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social lives are. We are going to move towards the river next for you

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and we are going to find out when these bears come together, what

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exactly happens as they compete for the freshest, best quality fish. We

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will see you soon. In this forest I should remind you

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it's a temperate rainforest, it's the black bears that tend to be seen

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rather than the bigger brown bear cousins that are seen on the

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mountains. We are making our way through here.

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Watch yourself there, Bob. We have been seeing a lot of black bear

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action. We have seen this huge female fishing just around the

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corner from where we are. They're not camera shy. Look at that

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for a shot, John. It's 153. She's got a great sockeye. We want to go

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one stage further, our mission is to try to bring you a black bear live,

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whether it's going to happen we don't know. We have cameras

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everywhere. We have this place rigged. Where that bear was fishing

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there we have a remote camera underneath the bridge so we can

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capture footage. That's not a bear, that's Ian, our cameraman! Can you

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hear us, Ian? You are going to pan across the forest and fingers

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crossed, we will capture something and if a bear turns up, I mean,

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obviously we will bring you those pictures straightaway. Although some

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are - summer here, it's lush and green as we look around, in Alaska

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there are many months of subzero temperatures, this place is covered

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in snow and ice. You have to be tough to call this place home.

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Winter bites hard in North America. For six months every year ice and

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snow take hold and temperatures can plunge below minus 50.

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Under ground sheltered from the deep freeze, black bear cubs are born.

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While they can guzzle mum's rich milk, she can't eat again until she

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decides to leave the safety of their den.

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As the days lengthen, her desperate need to feed eventually draws her

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out. It's a risky decision. Emerge too early, and the cubs risk

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freezing. Emerge too late, and her milk will

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dry up, causing them to starve. Only 60% of black bear cubs make it

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through their first winter. By early June, in Tongas Nash Forest, more

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and more hungry black bears begin to appear. This mother has lost almost

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half her body weight whilst in the den. As her cubs grow, they become

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increasingly demanding, competing for her milk.

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Until the salmon arrives, she needs to eat ten kilos of vegetation a

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day. Fortunately, black bears aren't fussy eaters and will munch through

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anything to shrubs and shoots down on the ground. But feeding isn't the

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only concern for females. They raise their cubs alone and must avoid

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hungry neighbours. Adult males would kill and eat a cub this size. This

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mother and her cubs have almost made it through the toughest time of the

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year. But they're not out of danger yet.

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Competition for the fishing will be fierce as these normally solitary

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bears come together to feast. Well, John, our viewers in the UK

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are watching some helicopter shots of a brown bear nursing her young.

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You spent 30 years working with brown bears s this unusual to see

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this? Yeah, especially because they won't do that unless they feel

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comfortable and safe. That tells us Debbie and Dan are high in the

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helicopter? It tells me there is a good zoom on that lens. You are

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concentrating on the temperate rainforest here and the black bears.

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Let's focus on some of the families that we may see turning up, either

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tonight or in our last programme on Sunday. The first family is this

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ginger-backed female, what's the story with her, we have footage of

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her wandering along the beaver dam. There is the cubs. Two cubs, she had

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three earlier, she had a mark on her back and that's grown in with that

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brownish ginger spot you mentioned. 153, another chance for 153, as

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well. Yeah, she is up in this stream. She spent all morning

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yesterday up there. The cubs are behind her too. She had four

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earlier, down to three but she is doing really well with the salmon in

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the stream. She's so calm and cool and

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collected, you would never really think she's wandering up towards the

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fish. But there is one down there in the water. She will just pounce any

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second. Three, two, one...

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Readjust and any second now. Oh, well! There it is.

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There is the pounce! Very good fishing. Finally, lone

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female. You know she had four cubs because of the footage you took,

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John. This is something we took in the meadow a month ago when she had

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her fourth cub. That cub is dead now. It got sick. But this is what

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happens in bear country, she lose them sometimes. A few others, as

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well. We will keep everything crossed we may see some signs of

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black bear life here. On that note, when you were on the glacier, Steve,

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yesterday, did you see signs of life at all up there?

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Well, we didn't actually see life apart from birds. But the glacier

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itself is a living, moving thing. Down here at the snout of it is

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somewhere you feel very small as a human being. It towers above you,

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sky skriepers of ice. It is almost the most active part. A calving

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event was filmed days ago and you can see the enormous tonnes of ice

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tumbling off into the water. These are forming ice-bergs which are an

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important part of the water cycle and this process is dramatically

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speeding up with climate change which here in Alaska is an absolute

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reality. I have had an opportunity to get up here on to the ice but,

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sadly, we have been waiting here today for the helicopters to have

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the last word as to whether we do it live and it's had to be called,

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unfortunately. There is danger of thunder and lightning. Yesterday I

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had a rather remarkable experience, a couple of hundred metres above me

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now. So, we are up here on the ice, which

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is the most powerful force of nature right at the heart of this summer

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feast here in Alaska, for a bit of geography, base camp is just down

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there behind me. But it might as well be a world away. You can also

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see that in the summer this glacier is melting. It's forming on the

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surface little ponds and lakes which eventually make their way into

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rivers which cut across the top of the glacier searching for a

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weakness. Water is a very, very persuasive force. Eventually, they

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find a crevace or hole and bury down into it in waterfalls forming one of

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these. This is a molan that heads down to

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the bedrock, it's a massive part of what is breaking this glacier apart

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and pretty soon I am going to be dangling like a spider on a web

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right down into the very guts of this glacier.

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We will bring that to you shortly. Pete and I are about to go on a

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little boat trip to observe the work of an animal that really does change

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the way the landscape looks here. While we get out there, here is a

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lovely introduction to the rodent lumber jacks of this forest. Right,

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Pete, I am coming on board. Beavers, the largest rodents in

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North America. These toothy builders have an attitude to match.

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At just four feet long, they're capable of building dams almost a

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kilometre in length. This Herculean effort is to create a safe lodge.

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Complete with underwater entrance and food store. Territorial, they're

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think nothing of chasing off a moose that strays too close to home. Their

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giant back feet are webbed and a broad tail is perfect for life in

:25:09.:25:14.

the water. Whilst on land, it keeps their

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balance, felling 30 foot trees. Right now, with their water ways

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free of ice, they're stockpiling food and making essential repairs,

:25:30.:25:32.

but as water flows will their dams hold in order to keep their lodges

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safe? Well, this beautiful, tranquil and

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calm scene has all been created by the beavers. Until we start to talk

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about what it is they're doing you don't realise how incredible this

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animal is. So, Pete, if you could give us a depiction of the geography

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and it's a full estate they've created. This place was a bare slate

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and the river came straight out here, dumped into the lake, until

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the vegetation popped in there was nothing for the beavers. Now there

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is vegetation, the beavers, as you can see, have created this entire

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pond right with that dam they built behind me. They've a dam here. This

:26:17.:26:20.

calm pond, we have the beaver lodge that's behind us. They've almost got

:26:21.:26:25.

little summer houses that are positioned around the estate. This

:26:26.:26:29.

is all about their food and adjusting the water levels

:26:30.:26:31.

accordingly. That's correct. The dam, a couple of things, obviously

:26:32.:26:36.

it creates this ponded area that brings water in, foods areas and

:26:37.:26:40.

that creates more growth, which is the food base for these animals. It

:26:41.:26:47.

creates growth and habitat for willow, and Alder which is what they

:26:48.:26:50.

need. They need that material to use to build the dams and their lodge.

:26:51.:26:54.

Let's talk about the characters that are actually in the lodge at the

:26:55.:26:57.

moment. Who are they, who is in there and how old are they? Right,

:26:58.:27:01.

right now we have a pair of beavers in the lodge. They seem to be fairly

:27:02.:27:06.

young. We don't know a lot about this pair.

:27:07.:27:10.

But based on the size to me it looks like they're maybe, three,

:27:11.:27:13.

four-year-old, maybe five-year-old beavers. As far as this place is

:27:14.:27:17.

concerned, because it is quite a thing they have actually built over

:27:18.:27:20.

time, will they pass it on from generation to generation? How does

:27:21.:27:26.

it work? It does get passioned on. What happens, they'll use it -- it

:27:27.:27:31.

does get passed on. What happens, they'll use it as long as they can.

:27:32.:27:34.

Often times they can challenge parents for the habitat. We are

:27:35.:27:38.

making our way over to the dam which is key to this whole area. When you

:27:39.:27:43.

look at the way they've actually created it... We are run aground,

:27:44.:27:48.

Pete! It's quite interesting this, because

:27:49.:27:52.

actually if we look down here we can almost see the salmon coming in, as

:27:53.:27:58.

well. There is very deep sections. I am touching the bottom here, Pete.

:27:59.:28:03.

But, yeah, the dam itself, is that a problem for the salmon? It isn't.

:28:04.:28:06.

That's a great question, a lot of people think the dam will block the

:28:07.:28:09.

salmon from being able to get in, but what it does, it allows this

:28:10.:28:13.

habitat, makes for a perfect rearing habitat for the young. The salmon

:28:14.:28:17.

still have to work to get in here, especially when the water is low,

:28:18.:28:21.

but they can do that. It works out perfectly, if the dam wasn't there

:28:22.:28:24.

all the salmon could get in all the time. That's not best for the

:28:25.:28:27.

species, right, what is best for them is the hardest have to make it

:28:28.:28:30.

in and they're the most successful. I want to pick up on some of the

:28:31.:28:37.

footage we saw in that film. A rodent like this, felling a 30 foot

:28:38.:28:42.

tree, that's quite an achievement. Yeah, what happens is that is cotton

:28:43.:28:46.

wood right there. That makes for a great food source, they strip the

:28:47.:28:50.

bark off and get to the sweet layer underneath. That's what they're

:28:51.:28:53.

after for food. Then once they do that they still use this as

:28:54.:28:55.

material, whether they use it to patch holes in their dam or whether

:28:56.:29:01.

they use it to build their lodge up a little bit, none of it goes to

:29:02.:29:07.

waste. If we were here 100 years ago there is no way we would be paddling

:29:08.:29:11.

out here, we would be covered in a massive glacier and I don't know if

:29:12.:29:15.

you can see this time lapse footage here that we are seeing, Steve, but

:29:16.:29:18.

we are going to watch now the glacier as it is melting, retreating

:29:19.:29:24.

back. The rate at which it is disappearing

:29:25.:29:30.

before our eyes, it really is something, Steve. Yeah, this place

:29:31.:29:37.

has an etheral quality about it, it is gorgeous but it's somewhere you

:29:38.:29:41.

have to be cautious. Because this is the place where the glacier is

:29:42.:29:44.

essentially dying. If you look closely you can see there is a chunk

:29:45.:29:48.

over there, there is a fresh huge chunk of ice that's come out here

:29:49.:29:54.

and forced an ice-berg and we have seen carving events. Some are very,

:29:55.:29:59.

very active and receding at a great speed. Certainly this particular

:30:00.:30:04.

glacier is almost unrecognisable from the first time I came out here

:30:05.:30:10.

and Alaskan people absolutely can see their glaciers disappearing

:30:11.:30:13.

before their eyes. But not so long ago I was right up there on top

:30:14.:30:17.

standing above a big blue hole and about to head inside.

:30:18.:30:23.

I am standing on the brink of this abyss and down there, it is where

:30:24.:30:32.

this gets kick-started. OK, here we go. These are a latticework of

:30:33.:30:41.

tunnels, like Swiss cheese, through the glacier, very few have been

:30:42.:30:47.

explored and the second you go below the surface, this is an alien

:30:48.:30:51.

environment, this chill wind blows in from the waterfall but it is

:30:52.:30:57.

quite beautiful, mesmerising, look at that! To begin with, crampons

:30:58.:31:05.

sink into the ice very easily because it is full of air but right

:31:06.:31:11.

down here, it is so compressed, it feels like steel! I am trying to

:31:12.:31:21.

think of something to compare this to, but I do not think there is any

:31:22.:31:27.

other blue like this in nature and it sounds obvious but it is very

:31:28.:31:33.

cold down here! Like many degrees colder than above because we have

:31:34.:31:40.

this error being carried by the waterfall, itself not much above

:31:41.:31:46.

freezing... But the water is cutting its way through the glacier in

:31:47.:31:52.

several directions and it looks like it heads that way and I can hear the

:31:53.:31:56.

water going that way, thundering into the distance and that is

:31:57.:32:02.

probably the way that it head on. Absolutely glorious, if cereal in

:32:03.:32:12.

colour. And it is so compressed, this ice, I guess it is like a cave

:32:13.:32:19.

system. -- very if cereal. There is a channel and this cuts to the

:32:20.:32:27.

bedrock. Until it can go no further. And that is where the action really

:32:28.:32:36.

happens. And also, there is a tunnel that way, in fact, that looks like a

:32:37.:32:43.

better way for me to go. Next... It is time to do some exploring. This

:32:44.:32:52.

is awesome! Well done, what a magnificent place and speaking of

:32:53.:32:57.

magnificent! I don't know what to say! For the last minute, this

:32:58.:33:03.

incredible bear has been fishing, so close to me I lost my breath, he was

:33:04.:33:09.

snorkelling, his face was submerged in the water looking for a fish in

:33:10.:33:14.

the deeper pools, and then he started running around, chasing the

:33:15.:33:20.

salmon coursing up the river and of course there are some on here that

:33:21.:33:23.

are sitting stationary in the current of the river, getting

:33:24.:33:29.

acclimatised to the fresh so this bear spot of those, they were

:33:30.:33:34.

dashing away and he was moving after them, moving up river, looking for

:33:35.:33:39.

these precious sources of protein and fat and it has been the most

:33:40.:33:43.

breathtaking experience for all of us at the mouth of this river.

:33:44.:33:49.

Completely worth the difficulties in getting here, the weather and

:33:50.:33:54.

everything, this is what we came for, bears coming together like this

:33:55.:33:58.

and showing their -- showing off their best fishing skills at the

:33:59.:34:03.

beginning of the salmon run, hotting up every day. He has not finished.

:34:04.:34:09.

He will be fishing up river, there are shallow sand bars further up

:34:10.:34:14.

where those fish are getting caught, it might even be easier for him to

:34:15.:34:19.

catch them and we have a camera team right above, you perhaps can see

:34:20.:34:23.

them in the distance and we will keep this place covered. You might

:34:24.:34:30.

have become fond of a six-year-old male that you saw on Sunday, we

:34:31.:34:36.

have, we called him scrawny but he is doing very well, he is fishing

:34:37.:34:41.

and on Monday he walked right past the river bank so look at this. This

:34:42.:34:49.

is the snorkelling behaviour, when the river is deep and the tide is

:34:50.:34:58.

high, the bears that are about the age of despair, years old, they are

:34:59.:35:05.

not big enough to pay and down the fish in the Deepwater so they

:35:06.:35:09.

submerge their faces, snorkelling, they look for a slower, dying or

:35:10.:35:14.

dead fish in the branches and they feed on them, any source of protein

:35:15.:35:19.

is worried that so this is what he was doing on Monday on the river

:35:20.:35:24.

bank, he did not succeed. Don't worry, we caught up with them later

:35:25.:35:29.

on when this river was at low tide, which means there are more fish in

:35:30.:35:34.

this shallow sand bars and it is easier for the bears to catch, they

:35:35.:35:38.

can use those powerful pause and here he is again, there is a wolf on

:35:39.:35:45.

the bank and checkout his behaviour, he can hear that bear, he knows they

:35:46.:35:50.

are very good at fishing, he is thinking about picking up the

:35:51.:35:55.

scraps. Look at how close he is too that six-year-old bear! He will

:35:56.:36:01.

watch him intently as he goes into those shallow sand bars, running

:36:02.:36:05.

around, dashing and grabbing, trying to get a fish and this time,

:36:06.:36:11.

luckily, he was successful and he caught the salmon. The wolf followed

:36:12.:36:19.

him after he caught it. There he is, he misses it, it falls from his

:36:20.:36:24.

mouth, but he catches it again. Quite a small fish but right now,

:36:25.:36:30.

that will do very well, thank you. He is subordinate, he will take the

:36:31.:36:34.

fish away because bigger, more dominant males might take that away

:36:35.:36:39.

from him. He is still on the hunt for salmon, and all of these bears

:36:40.:36:45.

use different techniques, we could see that six-year-old using his

:36:46.:36:54.

tools, what do the others employ? At this time of year as brown bears

:36:55.:36:58.

gather at rivers, competition for the spots is fierce. -- the best

:36:59.:37:12.

spots. As the river is filled with fish, these expert predators adopt

:37:13.:37:14.

different fishing techniques. In shallow water, they use speed to

:37:15.:37:31.

run and jump and ambush the fish, pinning them with their giant claws.

:37:32.:37:37.

They stand on their hind legs, scanning the water to get a view

:37:38.:37:42.

from above. And as a river deepen, some sunlight to die for the river,

:37:43.:37:47.

even picking up dead or injured fish from the bottom. -- as the rivers

:37:48.:37:58.

deepen. Extremely sensitive pores allow them to feel for the salmon

:37:59.:38:02.

and they hold their breath whilst snorkelling to look under deeper

:38:03.:38:07.

water for the fish. Many methods have been passed from mother to

:38:08.:38:20.

come. Some will master if few of them whilst others stick to one of

:38:21.:38:27.

them that works. And some will not fish at all, simply sitting back and

:38:28.:38:32.

waiting for leftovers. Whatever the conditions, these bears are some of

:38:33.:38:35.

the most highly skilled and versatile hunters on the planet.

:38:36.:38:42.

Just incredible to see those brown bears kicking the salmon from the

:38:43.:38:46.

riverbed, we can pick up on some of those tools of the trade. In context

:38:47.:38:54.

with the size of my hand, this is that brown bear claw, look at the

:38:55.:39:00.

weaponry, this is a fishing hook but also if they get into competition,

:39:01.:39:05.

using this as a weapon and there are five of those on their paws, look at

:39:06.:39:13.

this, the black bear claws, smaller in size, used for fishing but a key

:39:14.:39:17.

ingredient when claiming these huge trees in this temperate rainforest

:39:18.:39:24.

and we are still hoping to bring the black bear live during the

:39:25.:39:29.

programme. Let me just get this other little weapon also. As you can

:39:30.:39:34.

see, this one, against my jacket, what do you think this belongs to? I

:39:35.:39:47.

will give you a clue... ... The bald eagle, an American icon, the

:39:48.:39:54.

national bird of the United States. Found only in North America, there

:39:55.:40:00.

are 30,000 in Alaska alone. Weighing in at six kilos, they glide on

:40:01.:40:07.

massive metre long wings, super-sharp eyesight five times as

:40:08.:40:13.

powerful as a human's and they are on the lookout 24/7. Soaring up to

:40:14.:40:23.

10,000 feet, they dive at 75 mph. Performing aerial acrobatics to

:40:24.:40:30.

steal food. They build the biggest nests in the world, some as heavy as

:40:31.:40:35.

one time in weight. It will eat anything. Rodents, carrion and even

:40:36.:40:43.

other birds. And fish is by far their remains stable. And right now,

:40:44.:40:52.

with the rivers brimming with salmon, it is easy pickings for

:40:53.:41:00.

these spectacular birds. It is obvious it is not just mammals

:41:01.:41:05.

feasting, the birds are also and we have a life eagle nest for you to

:41:06.:41:10.

look at. Just above the creek readies live eagle 's are feeding

:41:11.:41:14.

also but we hope we have a shot at the nest with an eight-week-old

:41:15.:41:21.

young eagle, there it is. This is turning out to be a very wet summer

:41:22.:41:26.

in this part of Alaska, Sidney Campbell is from the American Bald

:41:27.:41:31.

Eagle Foundation, this wet summer, how does this affect eagles? These

:41:32.:41:37.

are sea eagles so they are built to be in the wet. Still pretty downy,

:41:38.:41:45.

no covering feathers, he has dampened cold but that is par for

:41:46.:41:48.

the chorus in a temperate rainforest. You live here, is it

:41:49.:41:54.

unusual to see a wealth? Very unusual, I have never actually seen

:41:55.:42:02.

one of them! Not live! Is much interaction between wildlife like

:42:03.:42:07.

eagles and Wolves? If they have been feasting, will eagles take the rest?

:42:08.:42:12.

Definitely, and is so much food available from the bears, they just

:42:13.:42:20.

eat their heads and the eggs sacs, that is a feast for the bald eagle.

:42:21.:42:25.

What does the future hold for that young eagle? When will it go off to

:42:26.:42:31.

try to live its own life? He has around six weeks left before he

:42:32.:42:34.

flies on his own and he will spend the first five years of his life

:42:35.:42:37.

before he reaches sexual maturity meandering, being nomadic. We have

:42:38.:42:46.

to comment, seeing that wolf live but feeding! Really incredible,

:42:47.:42:55.

exciting stuff. There is a hive of activity as far as bald eagles are

:42:56.:43:01.

concerned, 30,000 of them, why is it so good here for them? We have

:43:02.:43:08.

salmon, the key to everything, the ecosystem relies heavily on them and

:43:09.:43:12.

that is what they love to eat. And the younger ones are learning from

:43:13.:43:15.

the parents, the younger ones with those brown head, it was

:43:16.:43:21.

interesting, you talked about them swimming? They are not built to be a

:43:22.:43:28.

multiple themselves from the water so if they do end up in the water

:43:29.:43:33.

they must make their way back to the shore by swimming so they tried to

:43:34.:43:38.

get as close to the surface as they can, snatching that fish and then

:43:39.:43:44.

right back out. Seeing that footage, standing on the back of the salmon.

:43:45.:43:49.

When you think of the obstacles they have to overcome to breed, it is a

:43:50.:43:55.

miracle there are so many. Only one in every 1000 makes it back to the

:43:56.:44:02.

rivers where they are born and there are predators everywhere, from the

:44:03.:44:03.

air, land and water. Alaska has more than its fair share

:44:04.:44:20.

of vast wilderness. And Prince William Sound is one of the most

:44:21.:44:28.

dramatic. Home to perhaps the least known but most surprising predator

:44:29.:44:34.

in Alaska. The salmon shark. At three metres long, these last fish

:44:35.:44:37.

are only one of a handful of fish that venture into the cold waters of

:44:38.:44:42.

Alaska. Being cold-blooded, these predators should not be able to

:44:43.:44:46.

thrive in the water here and they are often close to 0 degrees.

:44:47.:44:51.

Despite the fact that they always come here to see the salmon run,

:44:52.:44:56.

there is a part of me did not believe it was real. That you could

:44:57.:45:01.

get sharks in a place like this. But this is no ordinary shark. It has

:45:02.:45:06.

the rare ability to raise its body heat above that of the surrounding

:45:07.:45:11.

water. Meaning every summer, thousands come here to join the

:45:12.:45:16.

feast. And it is not long before a local expert spots a familiar shape.

:45:17.:45:20.

We have a shark in front of us here. Got it, no way! That's a fin, it's a

:45:21.:45:30.

shark! That's incredible. Just not what you expect streaking

:45:31.:45:36.

through the surface of an Alaskan lagoon with snow-capped mountains

:45:37.:45:39.

all around it. You see that classic dark dorsel

:45:40.:45:45.

fin. The sharks have gathered from all over the Pacific. As they wait

:45:46.:45:49.

for the fish, they've evolved to swim slowly in circles using muscles

:45:50.:45:53.

which not only keep them moving, but also produce heat. It's this

:45:54.:45:58.

self-generated heat that sets them apart from many other sharks keeping

:45:59.:46:02.

them limber in these cold waters and allowing them to power after salmon

:46:03.:46:08.

in bursts of up to 50mph. Boone has thrown in a couple of herring, we

:46:09.:46:12.

are hoping she will change course to grab hold of one of them. Coming

:46:13.:46:17.

back towards us... And diving. Wow. That's my first

:46:18.:46:24.

close-up glimpse of a salmon shark. Staying warm isn't their own

:46:25.:46:28.

adaptation to cope in these extreme conditions. With summer melt water

:46:29.:46:34.

running into the lagoons the waters are muddy with sediment making

:46:35.:46:40.

visibility almost non-existent but their giant supersensitive eyes suck

:46:41.:46:49.

in light, enhancing their vision. With most shark encounters, they use

:46:50.:46:52.

a sense of smell to draw them in, but these are so driven by their

:46:53.:46:56.

incredible eyesight, it's all about creating a flash of silvery scales

:46:57.:47:00.

and they see it, and they just come hammering in towards the bait.

:47:01.:47:07.

She is quick! To really understand the challenge salmon sharks face

:47:08.:47:10.

here, I am getting in. But I do need to be careful, as

:47:11.:47:15.

these sharks are distant relatives of the Great White. Steve, when you

:47:16.:47:22.

jump in, remember, slow movements, these sharks are quite skittish. Go

:47:23.:47:31.

that direction. And go about 20 feet. This is so spooky.

:47:32.:47:37.

Can't see the sharks at all. I know one was almost on me, and still

:47:38.:47:42.

couldn't see it. Can't even see my own feet and knowing that out there

:47:43.:47:46.

in the gloom... Is that one coming towards us now? Yeah, right behind

:47:47.:47:52.

us. Right behind us. Finally, out of the gloom, I catch sight of glosly

:47:53.:47:58.

shadows. It might not look like much but this is a privileged glimpse

:47:59.:48:02.

into the murky world of these extraordinary predators -- ghost. I

:48:03.:48:07.

guess that shows quite how specialised the senses are of this

:48:08.:48:10.

shark. It can still hunt something as fast as a salmon in water where

:48:11.:48:18.

you can't see anything at all. Well, Boone, we have been in contact

:48:19.:48:23.

with him, they've already seen 35 salmon sharks so numbers are already

:48:24.:48:31.

up as far as this year is concerned. Karla Casalucan joins us now, you

:48:32.:48:34.

made a big impact on Sunday, that's why you are here! You are a good

:48:35.:48:39.

omen for us, you were saying the wolf is... Here we go again, we have

:48:40.:48:44.

more live wolves, feeding this time. My relatives coming to show you a

:48:45.:48:48.

good time! Yeah, I mean, your tribe, it seems to have caused real

:48:49.:48:52.

interest back home. Could you give us a bit of history of the tribe.

:48:53.:48:59.

Well, they've been the original owner occupiers of Alaska for well

:49:00.:49:03.

over 10,000 years and our culture is still here thriving in this modern

:49:04.:49:06.

day age. We heard about the importance of Wolves and also the

:49:07.:49:09.

importance of eagles, they're a very important bird for you. Yeah, eagles

:49:10.:49:13.

are very important for us, as well. Aside from being our national symbol

:49:14.:49:20.

in this country, before our people here in the south-east community,

:49:21.:49:27.

they represent to the people one of the major - the society is divided

:49:28.:49:32.

into equal halves of the eagle and raven. People back at home are

:49:33.:49:36.

interested in how your tribe managed to survive before modern technology

:49:37.:49:39.

but you were saying interesting things earlier on. Modern technology

:49:40.:49:44.

learned a thing or two from traditional ecological knowledge. A

:49:45.:49:49.

lot of modern medicines come from native traditional medicines.

:49:50.:49:55.

Water-proofing. And yes, water-proofing, we use the animal

:49:56.:50:02.

fats or intestines. What do you make of porcupines? Fun little creatures,

:50:03.:50:05.

but boy, they are a nuisance sometimes. They like to get into

:50:06.:50:09.

people's gardens and chew things up that they probably shouldn't be

:50:10.:50:13.

eating up. You see this socket here, that's the work of a porcupine. They

:50:14.:50:18.

do interesting things, like rolling up carpet, would you believe? It's a

:50:19.:50:22.

fact, they roll up carpets and chew lots of sockets, as well. Don't know

:50:23.:50:25.

if they want us here, it's fun to have them. They are fun to watch

:50:26.:50:32.

actually. The mischief they can cause, eating people's bicycle tyres

:50:33.:50:34.

and chewing on brake lines for cars, yeah. It's time to join Steve again

:50:35.:50:39.

on his mission to get into the heart of the glacier. Let's catch up with

:50:40.:50:40.

him. I love the way that the waters

:50:41.:51:00.

sculpted the wall of this cave, there are marks running down the

:51:01.:51:05.

length of it. The thing that reminds you of quite what is so special

:51:06.:51:12.

about this place is the ice itself. Although, you know, it's very, very

:51:13.:51:16.

blue. When you look at one particular chunk of ice, it is

:51:17.:51:20.

see-through, it's like glass. The reason for that is that this fell as

:51:21.:51:26.

snow on the fields above us 250, maybe 300 years ago. Over that time,

:51:27.:51:33.

it's been squeezed down into this solid chunk of ice. Sometimes if you

:51:34.:51:36.

take particularly ancient ice and put a lump into a drink it starts to

:51:37.:51:43.

fizz with the gas, the air that's been held inside it for hundreds of

:51:44.:51:47.

years. Right, let's push on and see what we have beyond. I will have to

:51:48.:51:58.

squeeze past you, sorry! So this tunnel goes on for quite a

:51:59.:52:02.

way. Some of these will go for hundreds and hundreds of metres, all

:52:03.:52:08.

the way down through the glacier. And there will be lots and lots of

:52:09.:52:20.

ponds like this one. This is what is really important for the feast here

:52:21.:52:25.

in Alaska. This glacial silt, it's incredibly fine. It's kind of almost

:52:26.:52:30.

like toothpaste underneath your fingers. This has come from the

:52:31.:52:36.

bedrock and it's full of silt which is full of phosphates and iron and

:52:37.:52:39.

other minerals and eventually this will be swept out to sea along with

:52:40.:52:46.

all the pure water in the glacier, 50,000 billion gallons of it. That

:52:47.:52:52.

will drive down into the deep sea and drive up any trients that makes

:52:53.:52:58.

the planks of blue and eventually feeds everything else here in this

:52:59.:53:03.

Alaskan feast obviously this whole thing is changing as climate change

:53:04.:53:06.

breaks away these glaciers and it's frightening to think of what could

:53:07.:53:10.

happen in the future if these glaciers disappeared, certainly

:53:11.:53:13.

they're receding at a frightening rate. For now, it is really... Look

:53:14.:53:19.

at that up there! It's like a skylight above us! Bringing down

:53:20.:53:24.

light into this cave. Honestly, it is a real honour to be

:53:25.:53:31.

in here and see what has to be one of the most special places on the

:53:32.:53:37.

whole planet. I reckon there is still more clambering to go, up in

:53:38.:53:43.

that direction. Oh! It's still so cool!

:53:44.:53:53.

So, absolutely everything here in Alaska is interconnected in a

:53:54.:53:58.

complex web, even from these mighty skyscraper ice to the marine beasts

:53:59.:54:02.

at sea, and that's going to be my next mission.

:54:03.:54:08.

Oh, that's great. Look at that. Have a little scratch under the chin

:54:09.:54:12.

there, from that brown bear up the coast from where we are watching

:54:13.:54:16.

this, John. Beautiful. You can't get enough of this stuff. You have

:54:17.:54:21.

dedicated these life to your creatures. I took your quiz and I

:54:22.:54:26.

wound up a brown bear! Why have you decided to dedicate your life to

:54:27.:54:29.

them, John? They're amazing creatures. We can learn so much from

:54:30.:54:34.

them. Just getting along in the forest and understanding how to get

:54:35.:54:37.

along on a stream and share resources, that's amazing in itself.

:54:38.:54:41.

Yeah. We will go back. She's been finding out exactly what you are

:54:42.:54:46.

talking about here, we can cross to Liz live right now in Katmai

:54:47.:54:57.

National Park. Watching Daniel's shots there.

:54:58.:55:00.

That's the bear that was fishing right by us. Anything can change

:55:01.:55:05.

here. We were expecting more bears to congregate at the river but the

:55:06.:55:09.

tide is so far out today, it means the bears are following where the

:55:10.:55:13.

salmon are and where the best chances of catching them is really.

:55:14.:55:16.

The hierarchy is important here, isn't it, how do they establish the

:55:17.:55:21.

hierarchy? Well, it's body language, that's how they learn from each

:55:22.:55:27.

other, who is dominant. And what is the pecking order, the big males and

:55:28.:55:31.

then who follows next and who is at the bottom? The big males and then

:55:32.:55:35.

the males that are eight to ten years old and then the juveniles,

:55:36.:55:38.

but the mums with older cubs will have priority over the juveniles and

:55:39.:55:41.

then mums with the spring cubs will be last on the list. How important

:55:42.:55:45.

is your position in the hierarchy if you are a bear? It's extremely

:55:46.:55:49.

important, I mean, the dominant males are going to be at the mouth

:55:50.:55:52.

of the creek where the fish are fresher and the bears that have to

:55:53.:55:56.

fish further up the creek are getting the dead and spawned out

:55:57.:56:00.

fish that does not have a higher fat content. I am thinking about Aana

:56:01.:56:05.

and her cubs and how important it is to feed them, it's a trade-off for

:56:06.:56:09.

mums and cubs, you want the best possible fish but you can't get too

:56:10.:56:12.

close to the males or you risk them killing your cubs. Exactly. She has

:56:13.:56:15.

to take that chance. Sometimes she will come out here, but for the

:56:16.:56:18.

majority of the time she will be further up the creek. It goes to

:56:19.:56:23.

show how important this whole social hierarchy is as a salmon run plays

:56:24.:56:27.

out. We will look at that more on Sunday's show, particularly what

:56:28.:56:33.

happens when the males... That's a seagull. Who is top bear here and we

:56:34.:56:38.

will find out what happens when bears and wolves come together. We

:56:39.:56:41.

will see you then. I am going to ask you a cruel

:56:42.:56:48.

question here that's come in, is there one - is there a most

:56:49.:56:54.

important animal? It is the salmon. It's the heartbeat of the native

:56:55.:56:57.

people in the state. We have seen, of all the animals we have seen,

:56:58.:57:02.

goodness me, these pictures of live wolves, we never, ever thought we

:57:03.:57:07.

would get these. Brown bears in abundance, all sorts of wonderful

:57:08.:57:10.

creatures that do live here. Don't forget there is a live question and

:57:11.:57:14.

answer on the BBC One Facebook page right after the show. You are all

:57:15.:57:18.

welcome to join in. It's entirely up to yourselves, don't forget Wild UK

:57:19.:57:22.

is on tomorrow morning here on BBC One. Sunday is our final show. It is

:57:23.:57:31.

the big one! We are hoping to bring you all of

:57:32.:57:35.

the Alaskan animals descending on this feast, from land, from sky, and

:57:36.:57:39.

from sea. Please don't forget to join us at

:57:40.:57:55.

8pm on Sunday night. From all of our teams across the Alaskan wilderness,

:57:56.:57:58.

wherever they are, whatever they're bringing, it's goodbye from all of

:57:59.:58:00.

us. Good night.

:58:01.:58:09.

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