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I'm embarking on a new railway adventure | 0:00:04 | 0:00:06 | |
that will take me across the heart of Europe. | 0:00:06 | 0:00:09 | |
I'll be using this, my Bradshaw's Continental Railway Guide, | 0:00:11 | 0:00:15 | |
dated 1913, which opened up an exotic world of foreign travel | 0:00:15 | 0:00:20 | |
for the British tourist. | 0:00:20 | 0:00:22 | |
'It told travellers where to go, what to see, | 0:00:22 | 0:00:26 | |
'and how to navigate the thousands of miles of tracks | 0:00:26 | 0:00:29 | |
'crisscrossing the continent. | 0:00:29 | 0:00:31 | |
'Now, a century later, I'm using my copy | 0:00:31 | 0:00:33 | |
'to reveal an era of great optimism and energy, | 0:00:33 | 0:00:37 | |
'where technology, industry, | 0:00:37 | 0:00:39 | |
'science and the arts were flourishing. | 0:00:39 | 0:00:41 | |
'I want to rediscover that lost Europe, | 0:00:42 | 0:00:45 | |
'that in 1913 couldn't know that its way of life' | 0:00:45 | 0:00:49 | |
would shortly be swept aside by the advent of war. | 0:00:49 | 0:00:52 | |
Following my 1913 Bradshaw's, today I'm exploring | 0:01:07 | 0:01:11 | |
north-western Spain and Portugal. | 0:01:11 | 0:01:13 | |
Relatively little-known to visitors from Britain today, | 0:01:14 | 0:01:18 | |
in the early 20th-century, British tourism briefly flowered here. | 0:01:18 | 0:01:23 | |
Westward-facing and very different from the Spain I know best, | 0:01:23 | 0:01:27 | |
this part of the Iberian peninsula | 0:01:27 | 0:01:30 | |
is bursting with British connections, | 0:01:30 | 0:01:32 | |
which my guidebook will help me to enjoy. | 0:01:32 | 0:01:35 | |
I'm back in my beloved Spain, land of my father. | 0:01:36 | 0:01:40 | |
But, as Bradshaw says, | 0:01:40 | 0:01:42 | |
"Owing to the configuration of the country, | 0:01:42 | 0:01:44 | |
"there are as many variations in climate | 0:01:44 | 0:01:46 | |
"as there are contrasts in the character of the population." | 0:01:46 | 0:01:50 | |
This is Galicia, cradle of the Celts, with its own language, | 0:01:50 | 0:01:56 | |
and this green and rainy landscape | 0:01:56 | 0:01:58 | |
would be more home to a Briton than to many a Spaniard. | 0:01:58 | 0:02:03 | |
Travelling south into Portugal, as I will do, | 0:02:03 | 0:02:06 | |
the early 20th-century traveller | 0:02:06 | 0:02:08 | |
entered the warm embrace of England's oldest ally. | 0:02:08 | 0:02:12 | |
'From the Celtic ties that bind Galicia to the British Isles...' | 0:02:16 | 0:02:20 | |
-Muy bien. Gracias. -Gracias. Gracias. | 0:02:20 | 0:02:22 | |
'..to the Atlantic fishing industry | 0:02:26 | 0:02:28 | |
'that courted early 20th-century tourists...' | 0:02:28 | 0:02:31 | |
Isn't that a beautiful beast? Isn't that fantastic? | 0:02:31 | 0:02:34 | |
'..and the trade in a favourite British tipple...' | 0:02:34 | 0:02:37 | |
It's a Martinez 1953, a very rare wine. | 0:02:37 | 0:02:39 | |
It's glorious. | 0:02:41 | 0:02:43 | |
'..I'll explore this Edwardian home from home | 0:02:43 | 0:02:46 | |
'on the region's remarkable railways...' | 0:02:46 | 0:02:50 | |
Oh, yes. This is a fantastic view. | 0:02:50 | 0:02:53 | |
'..uncovering the close political links | 0:02:54 | 0:02:57 | |
'between Portugal and the United Kingdom.' | 0:02:57 | 0:03:00 | |
It's the world's oldest diplomatic alliance still in force. | 0:03:00 | 0:03:04 | |
'And the turbulent 20th-century events | 0:03:04 | 0:03:07 | |
'that shocked Edwardian Britain.' | 0:03:07 | 0:03:09 | |
They're a group of armed republicans. | 0:03:09 | 0:03:11 | |
In five minutes, they almost wiped out the entire royal family. | 0:03:11 | 0:03:16 | |
So, this square was the scene of appalling horror. | 0:03:16 | 0:03:20 | |
Beginning in the seaside city of La Coruna, | 0:03:20 | 0:03:24 | |
my route will take me inland | 0:03:24 | 0:03:25 | |
to the cathedral city of Santiago de Compostela, | 0:03:25 | 0:03:28 | |
then follow the Atlantic coast as I travel via Pontevedra into Portugal. | 0:03:28 | 0:03:33 | |
From Porto, I'll take the famous, scenic Douro valley line east | 0:03:34 | 0:03:39 | |
before heading south once more, | 0:03:39 | 0:03:41 | |
to the ancient university city of Coimbra | 0:03:41 | 0:03:44 | |
and on to my final stop in Lisbon. | 0:03:44 | 0:03:46 | |
My guidebook says of my first destination, | 0:03:54 | 0:03:57 | |
"La Coruna is a prosperous trading town | 0:03:57 | 0:04:00 | |
"and principal military station in North Spain." | 0:04:00 | 0:04:02 | |
Today, the city known to Galicians as 'A Coruna' | 0:04:05 | 0:04:09 | |
is still the region's economic powerhouse, | 0:04:09 | 0:04:11 | |
with a thriving industry and a busy harbour. | 0:04:11 | 0:04:14 | |
In 1900, barely a single British tourist had ventured here, | 0:04:15 | 0:04:20 | |
but by the time of my guidebook, | 0:04:20 | 0:04:21 | |
Galicia was a fashionable destination | 0:04:21 | 0:04:24 | |
welcoming hundreds of Britons every year. | 0:04:24 | 0:04:26 | |
And it's easy to see why this elegant city had such appeal. | 0:04:26 | 0:04:30 | |
I love these glassed-in balconies which are so typical of La Coruna. | 0:04:32 | 0:04:36 | |
They're practical. In winter, you shut the glass | 0:04:36 | 0:04:39 | |
and you keep out the Atlantic gale, | 0:04:39 | 0:04:41 | |
and then, in the summer, you open them up and the sun streams in. | 0:04:41 | 0:04:44 | |
I'm taking a tour with historian Kirsty Hooper | 0:04:49 | 0:04:53 | |
who has researched Galicia's early 20th-century tourism boom. | 0:04:53 | 0:04:56 | |
At the beginning of the 20th century, | 0:04:58 | 0:05:00 | |
what would have brought British travellers to La Coruna? | 0:05:00 | 0:05:03 | |
Well, first of all it was the first stop on the big transatlantic routes | 0:05:03 | 0:05:07 | |
from Southampton to South America, | 0:05:07 | 0:05:09 | |
so lots of British tourists would have taken the opportunity | 0:05:09 | 0:05:11 | |
to hop off after two days to see the city | 0:05:11 | 0:05:13 | |
and to see something more of Galicia themselves. | 0:05:13 | 0:05:15 | |
Galicia held lots of attractions for the British | 0:05:15 | 0:05:17 | |
at the beginning of the 20th-century. | 0:05:17 | 0:05:19 | |
There was a large British business community | 0:05:19 | 0:05:22 | |
and also British industry was quite well established here. | 0:05:22 | 0:05:25 | |
We're talking about railways, the mines, | 0:05:25 | 0:05:27 | |
also the sea port and the shipyards. | 0:05:27 | 0:05:30 | |
These expatriate industrialists | 0:05:33 | 0:05:35 | |
clubbed together with steam liner companies and local businessmen | 0:05:35 | 0:05:39 | |
to woo visitors. | 0:05:39 | 0:05:41 | |
But La Coruna boasted an attraction that needed no marketing. | 0:05:41 | 0:05:45 | |
My Bradshaw's directs Edwardian tourists | 0:05:45 | 0:05:48 | |
to the Jardin de San Carlos, to the east of the harbour, | 0:05:48 | 0:05:51 | |
the burial place of Sir John Moore, | 0:05:51 | 0:05:53 | |
whose death in 1809 had made him a war hero. | 0:05:53 | 0:05:57 | |
At the time of my Bradshaw's guide, | 0:05:58 | 0:06:00 | |
would Sir John Moore still have been well remembered? | 0:06:00 | 0:06:03 | |
Absolutely, because your Bradshaw was published | 0:06:03 | 0:06:05 | |
very shortly after the centenary of his death | 0:06:05 | 0:06:07 | |
which had brought him back into the British imagination, | 0:06:07 | 0:06:10 | |
and the tomb formed a very popular stop | 0:06:10 | 0:06:12 | |
on the battlefield tourism circuit | 0:06:12 | 0:06:14 | |
which had begun in 1815, straight after the Battle of Waterloo. | 0:06:14 | 0:06:17 | |
The Duke of Wellington's victory at Waterloo | 0:06:19 | 0:06:22 | |
marked the end of the Napoleonic Wars which had raged | 0:06:22 | 0:06:25 | |
as French forces occupied vast swathes of Europe. | 0:06:25 | 0:06:28 | |
Sir John Moore's final battle | 0:06:30 | 0:06:32 | |
had been part of a British attempt to oust them from Spain. | 0:06:32 | 0:06:36 | |
He was leading the British Army in a strategic retreat | 0:06:36 | 0:06:38 | |
from Salamanca further south, and when they arrived, they established | 0:06:38 | 0:06:41 | |
a strategic position up on a hill and they managed to hold off | 0:06:41 | 0:06:44 | |
the French until most of the army was able to embark | 0:06:44 | 0:06:48 | |
upon the waiting warships to leave. | 0:06:48 | 0:06:50 | |
Unfortunately, Sir John Moore didn't go with them | 0:06:50 | 0:06:52 | |
because at the front of his army, he was hit in the shoulder and died. | 0:06:52 | 0:06:55 | |
It's a sort of early version of Dunkirk, this, isn't it? | 0:06:55 | 0:06:59 | |
I mean, a retreat which is somehow converted into a victory. | 0:06:59 | 0:07:02 | |
Absolutely, that's a great comparison. | 0:07:02 | 0:07:04 | |
People at home, initially, were very unhappy. | 0:07:04 | 0:07:07 | |
They felt that Sir John Moore had let everybody down, | 0:07:07 | 0:07:09 | |
but when it became clear that this defensive manoeuvre | 0:07:09 | 0:07:12 | |
had in fact contributed to Wellington's victory overall, | 0:07:12 | 0:07:15 | |
he was converted into a hero, | 0:07:15 | 0:07:16 | |
and is remembered both here in Galicia and in Britain. | 0:07:16 | 0:07:21 | |
Sir John Moore had said that he wished to be buried where he fell, | 0:07:21 | 0:07:25 | |
and so a hasty grave was dug | 0:07:25 | 0:07:27 | |
before the rest of the troops made their escape to fight another day. | 0:07:27 | 0:07:31 | |
Today, his tomb, | 0:07:31 | 0:07:33 | |
and a nearby pavilion decorated with poetry written in his honour | 0:07:33 | 0:07:37 | |
still attract British tourists. | 0:07:37 | 0:07:39 | |
Hello. Hello. Have you come to see Sir John Moore? | 0:07:39 | 0:07:43 | |
ALL: Yes. | 0:07:43 | 0:07:45 | |
And what has brought you to see Sir John Moore? | 0:07:45 | 0:07:47 | |
Saga! | 0:07:47 | 0:07:49 | |
-Is Sir John Moore a little bit of a hero for you? -I think so. | 0:07:50 | 0:07:53 | |
To tell you the truth, I hadn't heard about him before I came on this trip. | 0:07:53 | 0:07:57 | |
And he seems an extraordinary person. The things he achieved in his life. | 0:07:57 | 0:08:02 | |
How do you feel about the fact that | 0:08:02 | 0:08:03 | |
the British were retreating when he died? | 0:08:03 | 0:08:06 | |
Probably quite sensible! | 0:08:06 | 0:08:08 | |
THEY LAUGH | 0:08:08 | 0:08:10 | |
Who else wants to talk about Sir John Moore? | 0:08:10 | 0:08:13 | |
Sorry, do you want... No? | 0:08:13 | 0:08:15 | |
You're all running away now. | 0:08:15 | 0:08:16 | |
It seems the British still have a talent for the tactical retreat. | 0:08:18 | 0:08:22 | |
Edwardian travellers arriving in Galicia | 0:08:25 | 0:08:28 | |
were fascinated by local people's traditional costumes and customs. | 0:08:28 | 0:08:32 | |
Like the Irish, the Cornish and the Welsh, the people of Galicia | 0:08:33 | 0:08:37 | |
trace their roots back to pre-Roman Celtic tribes. | 0:08:37 | 0:08:40 | |
THEY GREET EACH OTHER IN SPANISH | 0:08:42 | 0:08:44 | |
And a vital symbol of their Celtic identity is the Gaita, or bagpipes. | 0:08:44 | 0:08:50 | |
Alvaro Seivane's family have been making them for 75 years. | 0:08:50 | 0:08:54 | |
How popular is the bagpipe now in Galicia compared with a century ago? | 0:08:55 | 0:08:59 | |
HE ANSWERS IN SPANISH | 0:08:59 | 0:09:01 | |
Even though a century ago it was popular, there's no comparison. | 0:09:05 | 0:09:08 | |
Now, there are thousands and thousands of people | 0:09:08 | 0:09:10 | |
playing the bagpipes. | 0:09:10 | 0:09:12 | |
Alvaro's family has played a leading role | 0:09:12 | 0:09:14 | |
in this extraordinary revival. | 0:09:14 | 0:09:17 | |
His daughter is a famous piper who plays at music festivals | 0:09:17 | 0:09:20 | |
all over the world. | 0:09:20 | 0:09:21 | |
BAGPIPES PLAY | 0:09:21 | 0:09:24 | |
And the family tradition looks set to continue. | 0:09:24 | 0:09:27 | |
Muy bien, muy bien, muy bien. | 0:09:47 | 0:09:49 | |
Who is this? | 0:09:49 | 0:09:51 | |
HE ANSWERS IN SPANISH | 0:09:51 | 0:09:54 | |
This is your grandson, Brice. | 0:09:54 | 0:09:56 | |
This is the youngest bagpipe player in the family? | 0:09:56 | 0:09:58 | |
HE ANSWERS IN SPANISH | 0:09:58 | 0:10:01 | |
He's just turned six but he's already spent two years | 0:10:02 | 0:10:06 | |
playing the bagpipe. | 0:10:06 | 0:10:07 | |
HE THANKS HIM IN SPANISH | 0:10:07 | 0:10:09 | |
Making bagpipes takes patience. | 0:10:11 | 0:10:14 | |
The wood for the pipes is seasoned for ten years | 0:10:14 | 0:10:17 | |
before it's ready to be worked, | 0:10:17 | 0:10:19 | |
and it takes another five years to complete the instrument. | 0:10:19 | 0:10:23 | |
BAGPIPES DRONE TUNELESSLY | 0:10:23 | 0:10:25 | |
Despite Brice's performance, | 0:10:26 | 0:10:28 | |
extracting music from the gaita isn't child's play. | 0:10:28 | 0:10:31 | |
It's a modern composition! | 0:10:38 | 0:10:40 | |
HE SPEAKS SPANISH | 0:10:40 | 0:10:42 | |
I have a big future as a bagpipe player, he says. | 0:10:43 | 0:10:46 | |
I don't think so but gracias. | 0:10:46 | 0:10:47 | |
In the middle years of the 20th century, | 0:10:51 | 0:10:53 | |
during General Franco's dictatorship, | 0:10:53 | 0:10:55 | |
Galicians were prevented from expressing their distinct identity. | 0:10:55 | 0:11:00 | |
But since the 1980s, | 0:11:00 | 0:11:02 | |
there's been a resurgence of interest in the local culture, | 0:11:02 | 0:11:05 | |
flamboyantly expressed in La Coruna through the traditional dances | 0:11:05 | 0:11:09 | |
that take place in the city square. | 0:11:09 | 0:11:11 | |
PIPES AND DRUMS PLAY | 0:11:14 | 0:11:15 | |
Edwardian tourists would have loved this spectacle. | 0:11:24 | 0:11:27 | |
Back home there was a Celtic revival in full swing | 0:11:27 | 0:11:30 | |
with renewed interest in folk dance and music. | 0:11:30 | 0:11:34 | |
To Galicians, keeping traditions like this alive helps set them apart | 0:11:34 | 0:11:38 | |
from their Latin Spanish neighbours. | 0:11:38 | 0:11:40 | |
-Muy bien. Gracias. -Gracias, gracias. | 0:11:52 | 0:11:54 | |
Is this very important for you, as a Galician person, this dancing? | 0:11:58 | 0:12:02 | |
Yes, for sure it is. | 0:12:02 | 0:12:05 | |
Now, you're Celtic. Do you feel any connection with maybe Scotland, | 0:12:05 | 0:12:08 | |
with Ireland, with Cornwall, any of those places? | 0:12:08 | 0:12:12 | |
I definitely do. I do feel that we have similar characteristics | 0:12:12 | 0:12:16 | |
in traditional dancing and music and so on. | 0:12:16 | 0:12:19 | |
So, you feel Celtic, you feel Galician, | 0:12:19 | 0:12:23 | |
do you feel Spanish as well? | 0:12:23 | 0:12:24 | |
Yeah, I also do. | 0:12:24 | 0:12:26 | |
-And European? -Yes, why not? | 0:12:26 | 0:12:28 | |
But first more Galician than Spanish and European. | 0:12:28 | 0:12:32 | |
First, I want to be Galician, then the rest. | 0:12:32 | 0:12:35 | |
Already, Galicia has been full of surprises. | 0:12:39 | 0:12:42 | |
But before I leave La Coruna, I'm keen to uncover one more. | 0:12:42 | 0:12:46 | |
-Ruben? -Hola, Michael. | 0:12:47 | 0:12:48 | |
Ruben Ventureira is showing me round a small museum, | 0:12:49 | 0:12:54 | |
hidden away in this unassuming house. | 0:12:54 | 0:12:57 | |
Because this apartment is where Pablo Picasso came of age. | 0:12:57 | 0:13:01 | |
By the time of my guidebook, | 0:13:02 | 0:13:04 | |
Picasso was well on the way to becoming a 20th-century master, | 0:13:04 | 0:13:07 | |
though his more avant-garde works | 0:13:07 | 0:13:09 | |
were too radical for most Edwardian tastes. | 0:13:09 | 0:13:12 | |
But 20 years earlier, having moved to La Coruna with his family, | 0:13:14 | 0:13:17 | |
the adolescent Pablo was still learning formal painting | 0:13:17 | 0:13:21 | |
from his father, a tutor at the local Academy of Fine Art. | 0:13:21 | 0:13:25 | |
So, this is by Pablo Picasso's father, | 0:13:26 | 0:13:30 | |
it's the painting that has the most doves or pigeons in it. | 0:13:30 | 0:13:34 | |
It was his favourite subject. | 0:13:34 | 0:13:36 | |
It also then became the favourite subject of Pablo Picasso. | 0:13:36 | 0:13:39 | |
The anecdote that is told is that the feet of the birds | 0:13:39 | 0:13:44 | |
were actually done by Pablo Picasso, by the boy, by the son. | 0:13:44 | 0:13:48 | |
How would you describe the relationship | 0:13:48 | 0:13:50 | |
between Picasso and his father? | 0:13:50 | 0:13:52 | |
HE ANSWERS IN SPANISH | 0:13:52 | 0:13:54 | |
Here in La Coruna, the father and the son establish | 0:14:00 | 0:14:03 | |
a teacher-pupil relationship, in which, | 0:14:03 | 0:14:07 | |
curiously, the pupil ends up surpassing the teacher. | 0:14:07 | 0:14:10 | |
It was in La Coruna that Picasso held his first exhibition in 1895, | 0:14:11 | 0:14:17 | |
at the tender age of 13. | 0:14:17 | 0:14:20 | |
In the same year, | 0:14:20 | 0:14:21 | |
the family was touched by tragedy, when Pablo's seven-year-old sister | 0:14:21 | 0:14:25 | |
Conchita died of diphtheria in this very room. | 0:14:25 | 0:14:29 | |
THEY TALK IN SPANISH | 0:14:29 | 0:14:32 | |
Picasso, when his sister was so ill, swore an oath to God | 0:14:43 | 0:14:48 | |
that if God saved the girl he would never paint again. | 0:14:48 | 0:14:52 | |
God did not save the girl | 0:14:52 | 0:14:54 | |
and the world was given, instead of Conchita, the great artist Picasso. | 0:14:54 | 0:14:59 | |
Later that year, Pablo Picasso's family moved to Barcelona, | 0:15:07 | 0:15:11 | |
and it's time for me to wave goodbye to La Coruna too, | 0:15:11 | 0:15:15 | |
and to continue my journey following my 1913 Bradshaw's guide. | 0:15:15 | 0:15:19 | |
As evening sets in, I've bought myself a little snack. | 0:15:28 | 0:15:31 | |
I'm on my way to Santiago de Compostela which is perhaps | 0:15:31 | 0:15:35 | |
the most famous of all the destinations for pilgrims | 0:15:35 | 0:15:37 | |
and. over the centuries, they used to sustain themselves | 0:15:37 | 0:15:40 | |
with this sort of Spanish pasty. | 0:15:40 | 0:15:42 | |
It's called an empanada and this one is filled with scallops. | 0:15:42 | 0:15:46 | |
The fresh taste of the sea on a train. | 0:15:49 | 0:15:52 | |
A new day, and I'm approaching my next destination not by rail, | 0:16:04 | 0:16:09 | |
but on foot, following the Camino de Santiago, | 0:16:09 | 0:16:12 | |
or the pathway of St James. | 0:16:12 | 0:16:15 | |
Pilgrims must come prepared to walk in all weathers, | 0:16:16 | 0:16:20 | |
for green and pleasant Galicia shares much by way of climate, | 0:16:20 | 0:16:23 | |
as well as culture, with the British Isles. | 0:16:23 | 0:16:27 | |
Some years ago, I walked for seven days | 0:16:27 | 0:16:29 | |
the last stretch of the pilgrims' trail into Santiago de Compostela | 0:16:29 | 0:16:34 | |
with my rucksack and my walking stick. | 0:16:34 | 0:16:38 | |
It was an unforgettable experience. | 0:16:38 | 0:16:40 | |
All the time, you are meeting other pilgrims | 0:16:40 | 0:16:43 | |
and there is a sort of etiquette that you catch up with them | 0:16:43 | 0:16:46 | |
for a short while and you have a chat. | 0:16:46 | 0:16:47 | |
You only ever give your first name, | 0:16:47 | 0:16:49 | |
you don't normally give much background | 0:16:49 | 0:16:51 | |
about your reasons for walking the way. | 0:16:51 | 0:16:53 | |
And all the time that I was walking, | 0:16:53 | 0:16:55 | |
I could see a line of pilgrims behind me | 0:16:55 | 0:16:58 | |
and a line of pilgrims ahead | 0:16:58 | 0:16:59 | |
and quite a thought that the line ahead really stretched out | 0:16:59 | 0:17:03 | |
for centuries since people first began to visit | 0:17:03 | 0:17:07 | |
the tomb of St James. | 0:17:07 | 0:17:08 | |
When I walked my little pilgrimage, I covered 130km, | 0:17:10 | 0:17:15 | |
just more than the shortest distance that you can do | 0:17:15 | 0:17:18 | |
to qualify officially as a pilgrim. | 0:17:18 | 0:17:20 | |
But walkers set out for Santiago from destinations across Europe. | 0:17:20 | 0:17:25 | |
Good day. Congratulations, you're very close to Santiago. | 0:17:25 | 0:17:29 | |
How far have you come? | 0:17:29 | 0:17:32 | |
Me, I come from St Jean Pied De Port, that's about 780km. | 0:17:32 | 0:17:37 | |
-That's a long, long walk. You've become friends on the Camino? -Yes. | 0:17:37 | 0:17:41 | |
What made you think of doing the Camino? | 0:17:41 | 0:17:42 | |
For me, it's the fourth Camino. | 0:17:42 | 0:17:45 | |
It's like a drug, being on the Camino. | 0:17:45 | 0:17:47 | |
It's the first time for me, yes. | 0:17:47 | 0:17:49 | |
I have thought about doing the Camino for the last ten years, | 0:17:49 | 0:17:53 | |
but I was always afraid of doing it alone because I thought | 0:17:53 | 0:17:56 | |
I would be alone which turned out to be quite wrong, actually. | 0:17:56 | 0:18:00 | |
So, now you've only got a few kilometres to go. | 0:18:00 | 0:18:03 | |
You must be feeling what? Elated, excited, how do you feel? | 0:18:03 | 0:18:07 | |
Elated, but also I think I'm a bit sad that it's coming to an end. | 0:18:07 | 0:18:11 | |
I've done this for 30 straight days. | 0:18:11 | 0:18:14 | |
Thank you so much for stopping and Godspeed, pilgrims. | 0:18:14 | 0:18:18 | |
-Thank you. -Thank you. | 0:18:18 | 0:18:20 | |
The popularity of the Camino peaked in the Middle Ages, | 0:18:29 | 0:18:33 | |
but the Reformation stopped pilgrims from Britain in their tracks. | 0:18:33 | 0:18:38 | |
In Edwardian times, a party of British Catholics who visited | 0:18:38 | 0:18:41 | |
the city were feted as the first English pilgrims for four centuries. | 0:18:41 | 0:18:47 | |
These days, around 100,000 people complete the challenge every year | 0:18:47 | 0:18:51 | |
and as they take the last weary steps on their journey, | 0:18:51 | 0:18:55 | |
the promise of reaching Santiago's magnificent cathedral | 0:18:55 | 0:18:59 | |
inspires them onward. | 0:18:59 | 0:19:00 | |
Bradshaw's is full of superlatives about this building. | 0:19:05 | 0:19:09 | |
The cathedral is considered one the most impressive examples | 0:19:09 | 0:19:13 | |
of early Romanesque architecture in Spain, dating from 1078 to 1211 | 0:19:13 | 0:19:19 | |
and then the gothic cloisters are amongst the best in Spain. | 0:19:19 | 0:19:24 | |
Altogether it's one of the greatest glories of Christian art. | 0:19:24 | 0:19:29 | |
This was the building that Christians felt | 0:19:29 | 0:19:30 | |
they had to construct to house the tomb of St James the Apostle. | 0:19:30 | 0:19:35 | |
And this is the destination | 0:19:35 | 0:19:37 | |
of pilgrims who have walked for hundreds of miles | 0:19:37 | 0:19:40 | |
and behind me, the Capilla Mayor, | 0:19:40 | 0:19:44 | |
housing the tomb of the saint himself. | 0:19:44 | 0:19:47 | |
The story goes that St James's body was brought to Spain | 0:19:50 | 0:19:54 | |
after he was martyred in Jerusalem in 44AD. | 0:19:54 | 0:19:57 | |
It was then rediscovered 800 years later, | 0:19:59 | 0:20:02 | |
and before long, people began to journey to venerate his tomb. | 0:20:02 | 0:20:06 | |
Medieval pilgrims didn't have the benefit of Bradshaw's. | 0:20:12 | 0:20:17 | |
-INTO INTERCOM: -Buenos dias, Michael Portillo. | 0:20:17 | 0:20:20 | |
But the cathedral houses an ancient | 0:20:20 | 0:20:22 | |
illuminated manuscript that helped them on their way. | 0:20:22 | 0:20:26 | |
Jose Manuel Sanchez is the guardian of this prized Latin text. | 0:20:27 | 0:20:33 | |
Jose Manuel, I'm Michael. | 0:20:33 | 0:20:34 | |
Hi, nice to meet you. | 0:20:34 | 0:20:36 | |
-Well... -So, what is this book? | 0:20:37 | 0:20:39 | |
This is the Codex Calixtinus. | 0:20:39 | 0:20:41 | |
It's one compilation of all the traditions | 0:20:41 | 0:20:44 | |
related with the apostle Santiago in the Middle Ages. | 0:20:44 | 0:20:46 | |
When was it written, do we think? | 0:20:46 | 0:20:48 | |
It was written in the middle of the 12th century. | 0:20:48 | 0:20:52 | |
The book is an important source of information | 0:20:52 | 0:20:55 | |
on the history of St James, | 0:20:55 | 0:20:56 | |
but it also lays claim to being one of the world's first guidebooks, | 0:20:56 | 0:21:00 | |
packed with handy hints for pilgrims. | 0:21:00 | 0:21:02 | |
Give me some practical tips for going on the Camino. | 0:21:03 | 0:21:06 | |
Yes, for example, we have, er... | 0:21:06 | 0:21:08 | |
HE READS IN LATIN | 0:21:08 | 0:21:13 | |
So, horses must not drink there because they could die. | 0:21:14 | 0:21:18 | |
Because the river is... | 0:21:18 | 0:21:20 | |
The river is dangerous. | 0:21:20 | 0:21:21 | |
READING LATIN | 0:21:21 | 0:21:24 | |
Very good water to drink or to refresh. | 0:21:27 | 0:21:32 | |
Limpha, dulcis and sana. | 0:21:32 | 0:21:35 | |
So, clean, sweet and healthy. | 0:21:35 | 0:21:38 | |
Yeah, great! You did great! | 0:21:38 | 0:21:41 | |
Next time I come on the walk, this will be the book I'll take. | 0:21:41 | 0:21:44 | |
The Codex is a remarkable relic, but to continue my railway journey, | 0:21:49 | 0:21:54 | |
I think I'll stick with Bradshaw's. | 0:21:54 | 0:21:56 | |
My 1913 guide is not complimentary about Spanish trains, | 0:21:57 | 0:22:02 | |
remarking on their slow speeds and uncomfortable facilities. | 0:22:02 | 0:22:07 | |
But Edwardian tourists taking the West Galician Railway | 0:22:07 | 0:22:09 | |
from Santiago might have been reassured to know | 0:22:09 | 0:22:12 | |
that the company manager was British born and bred. | 0:22:12 | 0:22:15 | |
I'm hearing the story from Javier Losada Boedo. | 0:22:17 | 0:22:20 | |
-Hello, Xavier. -Hi, Michael. | 0:22:20 | 0:22:22 | |
Very good to see you. | 0:22:22 | 0:22:24 | |
I'm interested in a great British railway man, John Trulock, | 0:22:24 | 0:22:28 | |
and I believe that he is your ancestor. What's the connection? | 0:22:28 | 0:22:31 | |
He was the father of my grandmother. | 0:22:31 | 0:22:34 | |
He was the eldest of six brothers | 0:22:34 | 0:22:38 | |
but his father died really young, when he was 15. | 0:22:38 | 0:22:42 | |
So, he had to earn his living. | 0:22:42 | 0:22:45 | |
Trulock decided to seek his fortune in Galicia. | 0:22:45 | 0:22:49 | |
And by the 1880s, | 0:22:49 | 0:22:51 | |
he was running the West Galician Railway company. | 0:22:51 | 0:22:55 | |
So what sort of a railway was this? | 0:22:55 | 0:22:58 | |
It was the first railway in Galicia. | 0:22:58 | 0:23:00 | |
It was from Carril in the coast to Compostela, | 0:23:00 | 0:23:03 | |
Santiago de Compostela in the Galician centre. | 0:23:03 | 0:23:07 | |
Begun in 1862, construction was overseen by a British engineer, | 0:23:07 | 0:23:12 | |
and by Trulock's time, | 0:23:12 | 0:23:13 | |
the railway had been bought by a British company. | 0:23:13 | 0:23:17 | |
Trulock ruled the line for over 40 years, | 0:23:17 | 0:23:20 | |
setting up home in Galicia where he continued to live | 0:23:20 | 0:23:23 | |
in Edwardian English style. | 0:23:23 | 0:23:26 | |
What sort of man was John Trulock? | 0:23:26 | 0:23:28 | |
I would say he was of course a gentleman. He was a character. | 0:23:28 | 0:23:32 | |
He was especially strict in terms of punctuality. | 0:23:32 | 0:23:36 | |
He was said to be quite focused on people being punctual | 0:23:36 | 0:23:41 | |
and he hated Galician people because of that. | 0:23:41 | 0:23:45 | |
But no-one was on time. | 0:23:45 | 0:23:47 | |
He liked to write that punctuality was a virtue for human beings. | 0:23:47 | 0:23:53 | |
We need him on the British railways today, I think. | 0:23:53 | 0:23:56 | |
Yeah. | 0:23:56 | 0:23:57 | |
By the turn of the 20th century, | 0:24:01 | 0:24:03 | |
James Trulock was helping to lure British tourists to Galicia. | 0:24:03 | 0:24:07 | |
In 1910, he laid on a special train | 0:24:09 | 0:24:11 | |
to carry journalists on a press tour. | 0:24:11 | 0:24:14 | |
I'm getting off in Pontevedra | 0:24:14 | 0:24:16 | |
to hunt down one of the more unusual sights that they saw. | 0:24:16 | 0:24:19 | |
I do love to be beside the seaside, | 0:24:23 | 0:24:25 | |
but here in the little village of Bueu, the sea is a place of work, | 0:24:25 | 0:24:30 | |
and what comes out of the sea gives rise to light industry close by | 0:24:30 | 0:24:35 | |
and that's the sort of light industry | 0:24:35 | 0:24:37 | |
that was a magnetic attraction for the discerning traveller | 0:24:37 | 0:24:41 | |
in the early 20th century. | 0:24:41 | 0:24:43 | |
Surprisingly, an Edwardian tourist's trip to Galicia wasn't complete | 0:24:45 | 0:24:49 | |
without a visit to a sardine cannery, | 0:24:49 | 0:24:52 | |
thanks to a local sardine entrepreneur | 0:24:52 | 0:24:54 | |
who was one of the main promoters of British tourism here. | 0:24:54 | 0:24:58 | |
I'm taking my own tour of this 21st-century fish canning factory, | 0:24:59 | 0:25:04 | |
guided by export manager Jose Emilio Dopazo. | 0:25:04 | 0:25:07 | |
Jose Emilio, it's an impressive and very noisy canning factory. | 0:25:10 | 0:25:15 | |
When did this business begin? | 0:25:15 | 0:25:17 | |
Well, this business has been here for 141 years now. | 0:25:17 | 0:25:21 | |
We founded the company, the family Alonso, in 1873, | 0:25:21 | 0:25:26 | |
and it has been kept in the same family for five generations. | 0:25:26 | 0:25:30 | |
Like so much in Galicia, | 0:25:31 | 0:25:32 | |
there's a British connection to the region's canning industry. | 0:25:32 | 0:25:36 | |
The idea of canning food came from a British merchant. | 0:25:36 | 0:25:40 | |
In the beginning of the 19th-century, | 0:25:40 | 0:25:42 | |
he had the idea of preserving food in cans. | 0:25:42 | 0:25:46 | |
The initial idea was a Frenchman, | 0:25:46 | 0:25:49 | |
but the Frenchman was only doing it in glass, | 0:25:49 | 0:25:52 | |
and the English man said, "No, we can put this also in tins," | 0:25:52 | 0:25:56 | |
The idea rapidly expanded to the continent and came here. | 0:25:56 | 0:26:00 | |
By Edwardian times, | 0:26:01 | 0:26:03 | |
canned fish had helped to transform British people's diets, | 0:26:03 | 0:26:07 | |
bringing delicacies like sardines within everyone's reach. | 0:26:07 | 0:26:11 | |
At the moment, it's not the sardine season, | 0:26:11 | 0:26:14 | |
but this factory packs plenty of other types of seafood | 0:26:14 | 0:26:17 | |
including a million tins of octopus every year. | 0:26:17 | 0:26:21 | |
-Hola. -Hola, buenos tardes. | 0:26:23 | 0:26:24 | |
HE SPEAKS SPANISH | 0:26:24 | 0:26:28 | |
They are washing the octopus. | 0:26:33 | 0:26:35 | |
Just like washing the laundry, isn't it? | 0:26:35 | 0:26:38 | |
Give that a good scrub | 0:26:38 | 0:26:40 | |
Let's get those tentacles in there. | 0:26:40 | 0:26:43 | |
HE SPEAKS SPANISH | 0:26:43 | 0:26:46 | |
I asked her whether she could actually still eat octopus, | 0:26:50 | 0:26:54 | |
and she says she absolutely loves it. | 0:26:54 | 0:26:57 | |
The thriving canning trade on this stretch of coast is | 0:27:04 | 0:27:08 | |
thanks to the extraordinary bounty of the Atlantic | 0:27:08 | 0:27:11 | |
and the unique geography of the so- called 'rias' of Galicia. | 0:27:11 | 0:27:14 | |
So, the rias are part of an estuary, | 0:27:17 | 0:27:19 | |
and are they like long fingers, something like that? | 0:27:19 | 0:27:22 | |
They are long fingers. | 0:27:22 | 0:27:23 | |
The legend says that God, when constructing the world | 0:27:23 | 0:27:27 | |
put five fingers on the land, and these are the five Galician rias. | 0:27:27 | 0:27:31 | |
In these estuaries, fresh water from the rivers | 0:27:33 | 0:27:36 | |
mixes with the salty sea, creating ideal conditions for plankton, | 0:27:36 | 0:27:40 | |
which in turn feeds the fish and other sea creatures. | 0:27:40 | 0:27:43 | |
So, today we are fishing for octopus, are we? | 0:27:45 | 0:27:48 | |
Yes, we have here a big devotion for the octopus. | 0:27:48 | 0:27:52 | |
Devotion for the animal itself, for the taste, | 0:27:52 | 0:27:55 | |
for the role in the factory, for everything. | 0:27:55 | 0:27:58 | |
The fishermen have previously lowered traps, | 0:27:58 | 0:28:01 | |
and now it's time to see what they've caught. | 0:28:01 | 0:28:04 | |
-Oh, that is a weird feeling. -Very big one! | 0:28:10 | 0:28:14 | |
It's a lovely big octopus, isn't it? Yeah, it is indeed, | 0:28:14 | 0:28:17 | |
I can feel it pulsing and wriggling in my hand. | 0:28:17 | 0:28:20 | |
Look at its tentacles now, whoo! | 0:28:20 | 0:28:23 | |
-Fantastic. -Wow. -Lovely one. | 0:28:23 | 0:28:25 | |
Well, you are a Spanish fisherman now! | 0:28:26 | 0:28:28 | |
-Wonderful. -Isn't that a beautiful beast? Isn't that fantastic? | 0:28:28 | 0:28:33 | |
It's a fantastic one. | 0:28:33 | 0:28:34 | |
One of the things that's special about Galicia, eh? | 0:28:34 | 0:28:37 | |
I'm not sure that Edwardian tourists were quite so hands-on, | 0:28:41 | 0:28:45 | |
but if not, they missed out. | 0:28:45 | 0:28:48 | |
And there's one last treat in store for me in Bueu. | 0:28:48 | 0:28:51 | |
This is a wonderful way to end the day. | 0:28:54 | 0:28:57 | |
A beautiful presentation of octopus. | 0:28:57 | 0:29:00 | |
This is the very special recipe in Galicia. | 0:29:00 | 0:29:03 | |
It's boiled, olive oil, and paprika. | 0:29:03 | 0:29:07 | |
-How is it? -It's magnificent. | 0:29:09 | 0:29:12 | |
I'm glad you like it. | 0:29:12 | 0:29:13 | |
My Galician fishing trip has been the perfect way to draw | 0:29:15 | 0:29:19 | |
the Spanish leg of my journey to a close. | 0:29:19 | 0:29:22 | |
Two days in Galicia have opened my eyes to a side of Spain | 0:29:30 | 0:29:34 | |
that I've rarely seen before. | 0:29:34 | 0:29:36 | |
Now my 1913 guide is leading me over the border to a new land. | 0:29:36 | 0:29:41 | |
I'm bound for the gateway to the port wine region | 0:29:43 | 0:29:47 | |
where I'll board Portugal's most scenic railway. | 0:29:47 | 0:29:50 | |
I'll trace the impact of trains on Coimbra's ancient university, | 0:29:50 | 0:29:54 | |
before reliving dramatic early 20th-century history in Lisbon. | 0:29:54 | 0:29:58 | |
Obrigado. | 0:30:00 | 0:30:01 | |
Is this Portugal already? | 0:30:03 | 0:30:05 | |
HE ANSWERS IN PORTUGUESE | 0:30:05 | 0:30:08 | |
Ah, I've got to change my watch. One hour less. | 0:30:11 | 0:30:16 | |
-Yes, yes. OK. -Obrigado. | 0:30:16 | 0:30:17 | |
Unlike Spain, Portugal is on the same time as Britain, | 0:30:19 | 0:30:22 | |
and that's not the only connection. | 0:30:22 | 0:30:25 | |
I'm now in Portugal, about which Bradshaw's is enthusiastic. | 0:30:25 | 0:30:30 | |
"The most favourable time of the year for a visit to Portugal | 0:30:30 | 0:30:33 | |
"is November until May. | 0:30:33 | 0:30:35 | |
"A charming variety of natural beauty, | 0:30:35 | 0:30:37 | |
"inland, mountain and valley, | 0:30:37 | 0:30:39 | |
"along the rugged coast, bold headlands | 0:30:39 | 0:30:42 | |
"and stretches of sand downs." | 0:30:42 | 0:30:44 | |
And then this intriguing reference. | 0:30:44 | 0:30:46 | |
"The British sovereign is legal currency in Portugal." | 0:30:46 | 0:30:49 | |
Now that is testimony to a long relationship, | 0:30:49 | 0:30:53 | |
stretching back over seven centuries, | 0:30:53 | 0:30:56 | |
cemented by alliances, and marriages, | 0:30:56 | 0:30:59 | |
so that for all the time that we were fighting off Spanish armadas | 0:30:59 | 0:31:03 | |
and defeating the Spanish at the Battle of Trafalgar, | 0:31:03 | 0:31:06 | |
Portugal was our friend. | 0:31:06 | 0:31:10 | |
'I'm travelling towards Porto on the Minho line, opened in the 1880s. | 0:31:15 | 0:31:19 | |
'Compared to Britain, | 0:31:19 | 0:31:21 | |
'19th-century Portugal was slow to adopt the railway. | 0:31:21 | 0:31:25 | |
'The first line was built with British help in the 1850s, | 0:31:25 | 0:31:28 | |
'amidst hopes that trains would bring to Portugal | 0:31:28 | 0:31:31 | |
'the kind of economic growth Britain had enjoyed.' | 0:31:31 | 0:31:34 | |
'I've come to Sao Bento station, | 0:31:41 | 0:31:43 | |
'a building whose ornate decorations are testament | 0:31:43 | 0:31:46 | |
'to the excitement that surrounded the coming of the railways. | 0:31:46 | 0:31:50 | |
'Carol Rankin's family has lived and worked in Portugal for generations. | 0:31:51 | 0:31:56 | |
'Born and brought up here, she knows the station well.' | 0:31:56 | 0:32:01 | |
The railway station is magnificent, when does it date from? | 0:32:01 | 0:32:04 | |
Well, the foundation stone was laid by King Carlos I of Portugal | 0:32:04 | 0:32:08 | |
in 1900, and then it obviously took a while to build, so, it opened... | 0:32:08 | 0:32:12 | |
Actually, the whole thing completed, a few years after that. | 0:32:12 | 0:32:17 | |
I think by the time the tiles were put in place, it was probably 1915. | 0:32:17 | 0:32:20 | |
-All around the time of my Bradshaw's guide. -Indeed. | 0:32:20 | 0:32:24 | |
The station walls are covered in spectacular painted tiles, | 0:32:24 | 0:32:28 | |
a local tradition that evolved out of Moorish mosaics, | 0:32:28 | 0:32:32 | |
introduced to Spain and Portugal in the Middle Ages. | 0:32:32 | 0:32:36 | |
By the time of my guidebook, | 0:32:36 | 0:32:37 | |
they were being used to celebrate the advent of the age of steam. | 0:32:37 | 0:32:41 | |
But the tiles also tell the story | 0:32:42 | 0:32:44 | |
of the birth of Portugal's special relationship with Britain. | 0:32:44 | 0:32:48 | |
This shows us Juan I of Portugal and Philippa of Lancaster | 0:32:49 | 0:32:54 | |
coming in through the streets of Oporto, strewn with rose petals | 0:32:54 | 0:32:59 | |
as you can see, to celebrate their marriage in the city's cathedral. | 0:32:59 | 0:33:03 | |
-Who was she? -She was the daughter of John of Gaunt, | 0:33:03 | 0:33:06 | |
and he was uncle to Richard II | 0:33:06 | 0:33:10 | |
who was on the throne of England at the time. | 0:33:10 | 0:33:13 | |
So, this was quite an important marriage alliance | 0:33:13 | 0:33:15 | |
between England and Portugal? | 0:33:15 | 0:33:17 | |
It is indeed, because it cemented the treaty of Windsor | 0:33:17 | 0:33:20 | |
which was signed in 1386. | 0:33:20 | 0:33:22 | |
The terms of alliance and perpetual friendship that the treaty contained | 0:33:22 | 0:33:27 | |
have never been broken, and it's the world's oldest diplomatic alliance | 0:33:27 | 0:33:32 | |
still in force. | 0:33:32 | 0:33:33 | |
The alliance helped to usher in a golden age in Portuguese history, | 0:33:34 | 0:33:39 | |
with John and Philippa's son Henry the Navigator | 0:33:39 | 0:33:42 | |
initiating a period of exploration | 0:33:42 | 0:33:45 | |
which ultimately gave Portugal an extensive empire. | 0:33:45 | 0:33:48 | |
500 years later, | 0:33:50 | 0:33:51 | |
Edwardian tourists arriving here could marvel at the legacy | 0:33:51 | 0:33:55 | |
of Porto's 19th-century industrialisation, | 0:33:55 | 0:33:58 | |
which included the magnificent 395-metre-long Dom Luis Bridge, | 0:33:58 | 0:34:03 | |
opened in 1886. | 0:34:03 | 0:34:05 | |
Today, it's one of six bridges that connect picturesque Porto | 0:34:05 | 0:34:10 | |
with Vila Nova de Gaia south of the river. | 0:34:10 | 0:34:13 | |
"Porto," my guidebook tells me, "on the River Douro, | 0:34:13 | 0:34:16 | |
"is very pleasantly placed in a hemmed-in situation | 0:34:16 | 0:34:19 | |
"on slopes descending to the river. | 0:34:19 | 0:34:22 | |
"And the river broadens out to a spacious harbour." | 0:34:22 | 0:34:25 | |
And then, as these barrel-laden boats suggest | 0:34:25 | 0:34:27 | |
and Bradshaw's confirms, | 0:34:27 | 0:34:29 | |
the principal trade is connected with port wine, | 0:34:29 | 0:34:33 | |
so my next move is evident. | 0:34:33 | 0:34:35 | |
I must steer to port. | 0:34:35 | 0:34:38 | |
Any smart Edwardian dinner party | 0:34:38 | 0:34:41 | |
would culminate with a glass of port. | 0:34:41 | 0:34:43 | |
But the history of this fortified wine in Porto predates my guidebook. | 0:34:43 | 0:34:49 | |
I'm meeting producer Jose Alvaro Ribiero | 0:34:49 | 0:34:51 | |
at a 200-year-old wine lodge to hear the tale. | 0:34:51 | 0:34:55 | |
Well, that is on a grand scale. | 0:34:56 | 0:34:59 | |
How much wine do you have here? | 0:35:00 | 0:35:03 | |
Well, we have around 22 million litres of port. | 0:35:03 | 0:35:08 | |
Wine produced in the Douro valley has been exported to Britain | 0:35:09 | 0:35:12 | |
since the 17th century, and, in fact, port as we know it | 0:35:12 | 0:35:16 | |
owes its origins to the requirements of the British market. | 0:35:16 | 0:35:20 | |
At the beginning, the wine that was exported was normal still wine, | 0:35:22 | 0:35:26 | |
not port, but as there were years where the quality of the wine | 0:35:26 | 0:35:30 | |
was not as good as other years, | 0:35:30 | 0:35:33 | |
they started adding brandy to it to stabilise the wine so that it | 0:35:33 | 0:35:36 | |
would reach the UK in great shape, so it really started as an accident. | 0:35:36 | 0:35:43 | |
-So, it's an accident with a British accent? -Definitely. | 0:35:43 | 0:35:48 | |
As well as being enthusiastic consumers of port, | 0:35:48 | 0:35:51 | |
Britons have for centuries been involved in the trade. | 0:35:51 | 0:35:55 | |
Porto's Factory House is the historic centre of their operations. | 0:35:55 | 0:36:00 | |
Today, as in Edwardian times, there's a strict dress code. | 0:36:00 | 0:36:04 | |
What a gorgeous ballroom. | 0:36:06 | 0:36:08 | |
What is this institution, | 0:36:08 | 0:36:09 | |
this Factory House, that you have such wonderful premises? | 0:36:09 | 0:36:12 | |
Well, this Factory House here in Porto is a place | 0:36:12 | 0:36:15 | |
where all the British that had businesses here | 0:36:15 | 0:36:18 | |
in the north of Portugal would do business with locals. | 0:36:18 | 0:36:22 | |
So, it was like a place they felt protected, | 0:36:22 | 0:36:24 | |
and they also used it for social gatherings. | 0:36:24 | 0:36:29 | |
'Factor' is an old term for businessman, | 0:36:29 | 0:36:32 | |
and the Porto Factory House was paid for by British port shippers. | 0:36:32 | 0:36:36 | |
A century ago, when my guidebook was written, | 0:36:37 | 0:36:40 | |
they came here to network, and of course, | 0:36:40 | 0:36:42 | |
to enjoy the wine that kept them in business. | 0:36:42 | 0:36:44 | |
Michael, I have some special vintage port for us to taste now. | 0:36:50 | 0:36:54 | |
Looks wonderful, what age is this? | 0:36:54 | 0:36:56 | |
Well, it's a very special age. | 0:36:56 | 0:36:59 | |
-It's your birth year. -1953. | 0:36:59 | 0:37:02 | |
1953. It's a Martinez 1953. A very rare wine. | 0:37:02 | 0:37:06 | |
We only have six in our cellar. | 0:37:06 | 0:37:08 | |
My goodness, what a privilege. | 0:37:08 | 0:37:10 | |
This has to be done quite carefully | 0:37:10 | 0:37:12 | |
because the cork, clearly, is an old one. | 0:37:12 | 0:37:16 | |
Oh, yes. Anything from 1953 is very decrepit, I assure you. | 0:37:16 | 0:37:20 | |
-There we are. -Well done. | 0:37:21 | 0:37:24 | |
Thanks to the added brandy, | 0:37:24 | 0:37:25 | |
port can be aged much longer than most wines. | 0:37:25 | 0:37:28 | |
One of the oldest vintages to be sold was over 150 years old. | 0:37:28 | 0:37:34 | |
The colour is just wonderful. | 0:37:34 | 0:37:37 | |
I get some scents of tobacco. | 0:37:37 | 0:37:39 | |
-Definitely. -And also nuts. | 0:37:39 | 0:37:41 | |
It's quite amazing, because it's still got quite a lot of fruit | 0:37:41 | 0:37:43 | |
for a wine of this age, it's amazing. And look at the colour, fantastic. | 0:37:43 | 0:37:49 | |
I think, let's take a sip. | 0:37:49 | 0:37:50 | |
-It's glorious. -Velvety. | 0:37:55 | 0:37:57 | |
1953 was a great year. | 0:37:59 | 0:38:00 | |
With the taste of port still on my lips, | 0:38:07 | 0:38:10 | |
I'm continuing my journey into its history, | 0:38:10 | 0:38:13 | |
eastwards down the Douro valley on the Linha do Douro. | 0:38:13 | 0:38:16 | |
It's been described as Portugal's best train ride. | 0:38:21 | 0:38:25 | |
And I'm getting a front row seat. | 0:38:25 | 0:38:28 | |
Bom dia. | 0:38:35 | 0:38:37 | |
Oh, yes, this is a fantastic view, | 0:38:39 | 0:38:42 | |
As the railway line snakes along the banks of the river, | 0:38:42 | 0:38:47 | |
it's really a very, very impressive valley. | 0:38:47 | 0:38:50 | |
The steep sides, of course, covered in vines producing the port, | 0:38:50 | 0:38:55 | |
and the other great wines of the Douro. | 0:38:55 | 0:38:57 | |
The arrival of the railway transformed the port trade. | 0:39:12 | 0:39:17 | |
Paul Symington's ancestors witnessed its impact. | 0:39:17 | 0:39:20 | |
So, your family has been in the wine business quite a long time? | 0:39:22 | 0:39:25 | |
Yeah, my great-grandfather came here in 1882 as a very young lad. | 0:39:25 | 0:39:29 | |
He was only 18. He came from Scotland | 0:39:29 | 0:39:31 | |
and he had the very good fortune to marry a woman | 0:39:31 | 0:39:34 | |
who was half Portuguese, half English, | 0:39:34 | 0:39:36 | |
and her family had been in port since the 1700s, so we go back a long way. | 0:39:36 | 0:39:41 | |
It strikes me that this is one of the great railway rides in Europe. | 0:39:41 | 0:39:45 | |
When was this railway built? | 0:39:45 | 0:39:47 | |
1875, they started from Oporto | 0:39:47 | 0:39:50 | |
and got up to the frontier in the early 1880s | 0:39:50 | 0:39:54 | |
and that transformed the region. | 0:39:54 | 0:39:56 | |
Before that, presumably, the wines had been moving along the river. | 0:39:56 | 0:40:00 | |
Yes, right here, down this river. | 0:40:00 | 0:40:02 | |
But the river wasn't dammed then, so there were rapids | 0:40:02 | 0:40:05 | |
in many, many places, so there were huge disasters from time to time | 0:40:05 | 0:40:09 | |
because if these big boats with 40 barrels on board | 0:40:09 | 0:40:12 | |
got sideways in the tricky bit, that was, you know, chips. Game over. | 0:40:12 | 0:40:16 | |
For port-producing families, | 0:40:19 | 0:40:21 | |
the new line cut the travel time from Porto | 0:40:21 | 0:40:24 | |
over the treacherous mountains from three or four days | 0:40:24 | 0:40:27 | |
to around four hours. | 0:40:27 | 0:40:29 | |
But within a few years of my guidebook's publication, | 0:40:31 | 0:40:34 | |
this lifeline to the outside world | 0:40:34 | 0:40:36 | |
took on a bittersweet significance for Paul's family. | 0:40:36 | 0:40:40 | |
My grandfather, who was born in Oporto in 1895, | 0:40:41 | 0:40:44 | |
was in the British Army in the first war. | 0:40:44 | 0:40:46 | |
In 1916 he was in the trenches, | 0:40:46 | 0:40:49 | |
and he was told that his mother was dying. | 0:40:49 | 0:40:52 | |
And they gave him permission to come home, | 0:40:52 | 0:40:54 | |
so he went to London, Liverpool, Lisbon and then up by train | 0:40:54 | 0:40:57 | |
and he was only allowed four days in Oporto to see his mother | 0:40:57 | 0:41:00 | |
and I've got his diary and he writes in it that he got on this train | 0:41:00 | 0:41:05 | |
at six o'clock in the morning, from Sao Bento, where you got on today, | 0:41:05 | 0:41:08 | |
and he writes in it, | 0:41:08 | 0:41:09 | |
"May God damn in hell the people responsible for this war. | 0:41:09 | 0:41:12 | |
"I will never see my mother again." | 0:41:12 | 0:41:14 | |
And he never did. She died about ten days later. | 0:41:14 | 0:41:16 | |
I could stay watching the stunning Douro countryside unroll, | 0:41:29 | 0:41:34 | |
but I'm leaving the train to explore the Symington estate. | 0:41:34 | 0:41:37 | |
And here we are at Vesuvio, a quinta, | 0:41:41 | 0:41:43 | |
which is the Portuguese for a wine estate. | 0:41:43 | 0:41:46 | |
That is absolutely beautiful. | 0:41:46 | 0:41:49 | |
In vineyards like this, the story of port begins, | 0:41:56 | 0:42:00 | |
and it's an awe-inspiring sight. | 0:42:00 | 0:42:03 | |
Protected by mountains, the region has its own microclimate, | 0:42:03 | 0:42:06 | |
warmer and drier than the surrounding area | 0:42:06 | 0:42:09 | |
which contributes to the fruity richness of the wine. | 0:42:09 | 0:42:13 | |
This is a really important time of year for us | 0:42:13 | 0:42:15 | |
because the flowering will take place sometime in the next week | 0:42:15 | 0:42:18 | |
to ten days and the fruit doesn't set if the flowering is done | 0:42:18 | 0:42:24 | |
under damp conditions, and we can lose 20, 30% of the crop, | 0:42:24 | 0:42:28 | |
so what we really want is nice, warm, dry weather | 0:42:28 | 0:42:32 | |
to bring the flowering on. We've already got the little buds here, | 0:42:32 | 0:42:35 | |
and that will be a lovely bunch of grapes one day. | 0:42:35 | 0:42:38 | |
As evening draws in, I'll be keeping my fingers firmly crossed. | 0:42:41 | 0:42:45 | |
After a peaceful night in the Douro Valley, | 0:42:57 | 0:42:59 | |
I'm now swapping the countryside | 0:42:59 | 0:43:01 | |
for one of Portugal's most ancient cities. | 0:43:01 | 0:43:04 | |
My next stop will be Coimbra, | 0:43:12 | 0:43:14 | |
which Bradshaw's tells me stands on a hill by the River Mondego. | 0:43:14 | 0:43:19 | |
"The situation and climate have always been extolled. | 0:43:19 | 0:43:22 | |
"The university library contains | 0:43:22 | 0:43:24 | |
"100,000 volumes and many manuscripts." | 0:43:24 | 0:43:28 | |
Which makes a good case for a hide-bound old book lover like me | 0:43:28 | 0:43:32 | |
to visit. | 0:43:32 | 0:43:33 | |
The beautiful city of Coimbra was once Portugal's capital | 0:43:40 | 0:43:44 | |
and its ancient buildings reveal its long and illustrious history. | 0:43:44 | 0:43:48 | |
The university, founded in 1290 in Lisbon, | 0:43:50 | 0:43:54 | |
moved here in the 16th century, | 0:43:54 | 0:43:56 | |
and, by the time of the railways, | 0:43:56 | 0:43:58 | |
witnessed an Anglo-Portuguese exchange of ideas | 0:43:58 | 0:44:01 | |
every bit as vigorous as the trade in wine. | 0:44:01 | 0:44:04 | |
Carlos Fiolhais is showing me round the world-famous library. | 0:44:09 | 0:44:13 | |
Carlos, this is the most fantastic building | 0:44:14 | 0:44:17 | |
-but it reminds me more of a church than a library. -Yes. | 0:44:17 | 0:44:21 | |
But it's not a church, we may call it a temple, | 0:44:21 | 0:44:24 | |
but it's a temple of books. | 0:44:24 | 0:44:25 | |
It was built at the beginning of the 18th century, | 0:44:25 | 0:44:28 | |
at the time of the Enlightenment. | 0:44:28 | 0:44:31 | |
The library's grandeur reflects the wealth then pouring into Portugal | 0:44:31 | 0:44:35 | |
from its colony Brazil, rich in gold and diamonds. | 0:44:35 | 0:44:40 | |
At the time, Portuguese thinkers were being influenced | 0:44:40 | 0:44:42 | |
by British Enlightenment figures such as Isaac Newton. | 0:44:42 | 0:44:47 | |
But later, technology injected new life into academia in Coimbra. | 0:44:47 | 0:44:52 | |
Do the railways have an impact on the transfer of ideas? | 0:44:52 | 0:44:55 | |
Oh, tremendous impact. | 0:44:55 | 0:44:57 | |
It was in the middle of the 19th century, | 0:44:57 | 0:45:00 | |
so later on, and the train arrived to Coimbra in 1864. | 0:45:00 | 0:45:06 | |
And there was a connection to France | 0:45:06 | 0:45:08 | |
and to central Europe and to England. | 0:45:08 | 0:45:10 | |
It was not only a symbol of progress, the train, | 0:45:10 | 0:45:13 | |
it was really progress. | 0:45:13 | 0:45:14 | |
The railway carried radical new ideas to the university, | 0:45:15 | 0:45:19 | |
including Darwin's theory of evolution. | 0:45:19 | 0:45:21 | |
An important Portuguese writer, he wrote that, | 0:45:23 | 0:45:25 | |
every day a torrent of new ideas was coming here as the new sun, | 0:45:25 | 0:45:29 | |
and this is indeed a nice expression of what was happening at that time. | 0:45:29 | 0:45:34 | |
That's a lovely idea, that the train was bringing a torrent of ideas, | 0:45:34 | 0:45:39 | |
every day a new dawn, every day a new sun. Precisely. | 0:45:39 | 0:45:43 | |
Coimbra is still one of Portugal's most prestigious universities, | 0:45:47 | 0:45:51 | |
and when its students aren't studying hard, they're making music. | 0:45:51 | 0:45:55 | |
The university is famous for its version of Fado, | 0:45:55 | 0:45:58 | |
a Portuguese form of music full of mournful longing. | 0:45:58 | 0:46:01 | |
THEY SING IN PORTUGUESE | 0:46:05 | 0:46:07 | |
That was so beautiful. | 0:47:13 | 0:47:15 | |
So beautifully sung and so beautifully played. So sad. | 0:47:15 | 0:47:19 | |
You've stolen my heart and left it in Coimbra. Thank you, Maestro. | 0:47:19 | 0:47:22 | |
Thank you very much. | 0:47:22 | 0:47:23 | |
My 1913 guide is now steering me towards my last Portuguese stop | 0:47:32 | 0:47:38 | |
as I race towards Lisbon on one of Portugal's modern high-speed trains. | 0:47:38 | 0:47:42 | |
By the turn of the 20th century, | 0:47:44 | 0:47:47 | |
Portugal had invested heavily in its railways. | 0:47:47 | 0:47:50 | |
But sadly, this had failed to bring the hoped-for prosperity. | 0:47:50 | 0:47:55 | |
Instead, overspending on public works including railways | 0:47:55 | 0:47:59 | |
had brought the state close to financial ruin. | 0:47:59 | 0:48:03 | |
There were tumultuous times ahead in Portuguese politics. | 0:48:03 | 0:48:06 | |
I'm alighting in the capital to trace the story. | 0:48:06 | 0:48:09 | |
This is Rossio station. | 0:48:12 | 0:48:14 | |
Bradshaw's tells me that it's at the heart of Lisbon | 0:48:14 | 0:48:17 | |
and that express trains used to arrive here from Spain and France. | 0:48:17 | 0:48:22 | |
A century ago, the gateway to Portugal was changing | 0:48:22 | 0:48:25 | |
from the seaport to this beautiful terminus. | 0:48:25 | 0:48:28 | |
British tourists were following in the footsteps | 0:48:38 | 0:48:41 | |
of King Edward VII, who had come to Lisbon on a state visit in 1903. | 0:48:41 | 0:48:47 | |
Warmly received by his relation King Carlos, | 0:48:47 | 0:48:50 | |
after the trip, this park was renamed in Edward's honour. | 0:48:50 | 0:48:53 | |
It was a measure of the longevity of the special relationship | 0:48:55 | 0:48:59 | |
between Britain and Portugal. | 0:48:59 | 0:49:01 | |
But by the 1900s, the balance of power had shifted. | 0:49:01 | 0:49:05 | |
Britain now ruled the waves, | 0:49:05 | 0:49:07 | |
and the Portuguese Empire was much diminished. | 0:49:07 | 0:49:10 | |
For a bird's eye view of the city | 0:49:13 | 0:49:15 | |
whose ships had colonised Brazil, India and beyond, | 0:49:15 | 0:49:19 | |
Edwardian tourists could travel in this remarkable lift, | 0:49:19 | 0:49:22 | |
opened in 1902. | 0:49:22 | 0:49:23 | |
"Lisbon," says Bradshaw's, "is pre-eminent | 0:49:28 | 0:49:31 | |
"for the natural beauty of its situation, | 0:49:31 | 0:49:33 | |
"lying in and upon an amphitheatre of hills. | 0:49:33 | 0:49:38 | |
"Regarded from the sea, | 0:49:38 | 0:49:40 | |
"the city seems to rise in picturesque terraces. | 0:49:40 | 0:49:43 | |
"Lisbon is poised on the edge of ocean, | 0:49:43 | 0:49:46 | |
"peering towards the Americas." | 0:49:46 | 0:49:48 | |
During Portugal's 15th and 16th-century golden age, | 0:49:56 | 0:49:59 | |
the launch pad for its seafaring explorers was the harbour at Belem, | 0:49:59 | 0:50:04 | |
protected by this extraordinary fortress, completed in 1521. | 0:50:04 | 0:50:08 | |
I'm seeking out another attraction of the Belem quarter, | 0:50:13 | 0:50:17 | |
on a form of transport familiar to the Edwardian traveller. | 0:50:17 | 0:50:20 | |
Bradshaw's tells me that inclined railways | 0:50:25 | 0:50:28 | |
connect the upper and lower parts of the city. | 0:50:28 | 0:50:31 | |
In this, as in so many other things, | 0:50:31 | 0:50:34 | |
my ancient guidebook remains reliable. | 0:50:34 | 0:50:36 | |
Belem is the birthplace of Pasteis de nata, | 0:50:48 | 0:50:51 | |
the custard tarts which have become Portugal's national sweetmeat. | 0:50:51 | 0:50:55 | |
-Dulce. -Hello, Michael. How are you? | 0:50:57 | 0:50:59 | |
'I'm hearing their story from pastry chef Dulce Roque, | 0:50:59 | 0:51:03 | |
'who's worked at this pasteleria for 37 years.' | 0:51:03 | 0:51:06 | |
Apparently, the cakes were invented by local monks and nuns. | 0:51:07 | 0:51:11 | |
What are the main ingredients? | 0:51:13 | 0:51:15 | |
The main ingredients, I don't know, because it is a secret. | 0:51:15 | 0:51:18 | |
A secret recipe, but I can tell you about milk and flour | 0:51:18 | 0:51:23 | |
and sugar and butter and eggs, that are very important because | 0:51:23 | 0:51:29 | |
the nuns, of the monasteries, used to use the egg whites | 0:51:29 | 0:51:33 | |
as starch for their robes. | 0:51:33 | 0:51:34 | |
The egg yolks they use for making sweets. | 0:51:34 | 0:51:37 | |
In the 1830s, Portugal abolished its monasteries, | 0:51:39 | 0:51:42 | |
and monks from the nearby Jeronimo monastery, seeking a living, | 0:51:42 | 0:51:46 | |
began to sell tarts in this shop. | 0:51:46 | 0:51:48 | |
Soon after, the shop started manufacturing them | 0:51:49 | 0:51:52 | |
to the monks' original recipe. | 0:51:52 | 0:51:54 | |
This is the puff pastry. | 0:51:55 | 0:51:57 | |
She is cutting the puff pastry into little pieces. | 0:51:57 | 0:52:01 | |
Now, you are going to cut a little piece, aren't you? | 0:52:01 | 0:52:03 | |
Yes, please. I'd love to have a go at that. | 0:52:03 | 0:52:06 | |
Yes, and you stretch and you pull, and stretch... | 0:52:06 | 0:52:09 | |
SHE SPEAKS PORTUGUESE | 0:52:10 | 0:52:12 | |
-Round it. Make it round. Yeah. -Make it round. | 0:52:12 | 0:52:15 | |
The buttery puff pastry case is what makes a pastel de nata | 0:52:16 | 0:52:21 | |
different from an English custard tart. | 0:52:21 | 0:52:23 | |
I'm cutting them a bit too big. | 0:52:27 | 0:52:28 | |
She says it ought to be like the top of my thumb | 0:52:28 | 0:52:31 | |
but I'm quite worried about leaving the top of my thumb in the mix. | 0:52:31 | 0:52:34 | |
-Nice, nice, nice. -Thank you. | 0:52:34 | 0:52:36 | |
The pastry case has to be thin enough that it cooks through | 0:52:39 | 0:52:42 | |
before the delicate custard curdles. | 0:52:42 | 0:52:45 | |
-What do you think? -Good. Very good. -Is that one all right? | 0:52:45 | 0:52:49 | |
-Yes. -You're just going to perfect it, I know. | 0:52:49 | 0:52:52 | |
The recipe for the custard itself is so closely guarded | 0:52:57 | 0:53:00 | |
that even the pastry cooks aren't allowed to see it being made. | 0:53:00 | 0:53:05 | |
Once it's piped into the cases, | 0:53:05 | 0:53:06 | |
the tarts go into a fiercely hot oven | 0:53:06 | 0:53:09 | |
before being carried straight to the shop, | 0:53:09 | 0:53:11 | |
where as many as 18,000 go on sale every day. | 0:53:11 | 0:53:14 | |
Will you have one? | 0:53:23 | 0:53:24 | |
I will, but we have to sprinkle first with cinnamon. | 0:53:24 | 0:53:27 | |
And, as the cinnamon is a sour spice, | 0:53:29 | 0:53:34 | |
then we sprinkle, to cut the sourness, with icing sugar. | 0:53:34 | 0:53:38 | |
Mmm, magnificent custard. | 0:53:43 | 0:53:45 | |
Lovely pastry, and the taste of cinnamon on the top, | 0:53:45 | 0:53:48 | |
that's wonderful. | 0:53:48 | 0:53:49 | |
Perhaps this one, you made. Who knows? | 0:53:49 | 0:53:53 | |
That's so good. | 0:53:56 | 0:53:57 | |
Having sampled Lisbon's cafe culture, | 0:54:03 | 0:54:06 | |
Edwardian tourists were refuelled | 0:54:06 | 0:54:08 | |
and ready to press on with their sightseeing. | 0:54:08 | 0:54:10 | |
A must-see was the Praca do Comercio, | 0:54:12 | 0:54:15 | |
described in Bradshaw's as the centre of Lisbon life. | 0:54:15 | 0:54:18 | |
But while they admired the handsome architecture, readers were reminded | 0:54:20 | 0:54:24 | |
that just five years before their guide was published, | 0:54:24 | 0:54:26 | |
on the 1st of February, 1908, | 0:54:26 | 0:54:29 | |
events unfolded here that devastated the Portuguese monarchy. | 0:54:29 | 0:54:33 | |
I'm hearing the story from Rui Ramos of the University of Lisbon. | 0:54:33 | 0:54:37 | |
So, the royal family is returning to Lisbon | 0:54:39 | 0:54:42 | |
after a fortnight in the country. | 0:54:42 | 0:54:44 | |
They arrived at a station on the other side of the river | 0:54:44 | 0:54:47 | |
and then they take a boat into Lisbon. | 0:54:47 | 0:54:50 | |
They disembark near this square, | 0:54:50 | 0:54:52 | |
where they get into an open carriage. | 0:54:52 | 0:54:54 | |
They progress into the square with no guards. | 0:54:54 | 0:54:59 | |
And in the square, there are a group of armed republicans | 0:54:59 | 0:55:02 | |
that were looking for the Prime Minister. | 0:55:02 | 0:55:04 | |
They didn't find the Prime Minister, | 0:55:04 | 0:55:06 | |
but they suddenly see the royal family in front of them | 0:55:06 | 0:55:10 | |
and they take advantage of it. | 0:55:10 | 0:55:11 | |
They kill the king. | 0:55:11 | 0:55:13 | |
They wounded the crown prince that later dies. | 0:55:13 | 0:55:16 | |
The youngest son, future King Manuel II, | 0:55:16 | 0:55:19 | |
escapes with a wound to the arm, | 0:55:19 | 0:55:22 | |
so in five minutes they almost wiped out the entire royal family. | 0:55:22 | 0:55:27 | |
So, this square was the scene of appalling horror. | 0:55:27 | 0:55:30 | |
King Carlos's death was the culmination | 0:55:34 | 0:55:36 | |
of a century of political upheaval. | 0:55:36 | 0:55:38 | |
Since the early 1800s, | 0:55:38 | 0:55:40 | |
liberals had sought to limit the monarchy's powers, | 0:55:40 | 0:55:43 | |
while by the early 20th century, | 0:55:43 | 0:55:45 | |
shaky finances and the decline of Portugal's Empire | 0:55:45 | 0:55:48 | |
had brought public discontent to fever pitch. | 0:55:48 | 0:55:51 | |
The killings sparked outrage in Britain, | 0:55:52 | 0:55:55 | |
especially from King Carlos's relative, King Edward VII. | 0:55:55 | 0:55:58 | |
Meanwhile, 18-year-old Manuel ascended the throne, | 0:55:59 | 0:56:03 | |
but his lack of experience soon brought the monarchy | 0:56:03 | 0:56:06 | |
to crisis point. | 0:56:06 | 0:56:08 | |
From 1908 to 1910, there is this succession of very weak governments. | 0:56:08 | 0:56:13 | |
Parties splitting, ministers falling one after the other, | 0:56:13 | 0:56:17 | |
until the king has this bright idea of appealing to the left. | 0:56:17 | 0:56:21 | |
Now, with that appeal to the left, he didn't convince the left, | 0:56:21 | 0:56:25 | |
but he managed to have the conservatives | 0:56:25 | 0:56:29 | |
against the monarchy too. | 0:56:29 | 0:56:30 | |
So, when the republicans make their move against the monarchy, | 0:56:30 | 0:56:35 | |
there was no-one to defend the monarchy, | 0:56:35 | 0:56:37 | |
and on the 5th of October, 1910, on that morning, | 0:56:37 | 0:56:40 | |
the Portuguese republic is proclaimed | 0:56:40 | 0:56:42 | |
from this balcony to a half full square. | 0:56:42 | 0:56:46 | |
Viva a republica. | 0:56:47 | 0:56:49 | |
In a further twist, Manuel fled the country, seeking asylum in Britain. | 0:56:53 | 0:56:59 | |
He lived the rest of his days in Richmond and Twickenham, | 0:56:59 | 0:57:02 | |
where he adopted the lifestyle of an English aristocrat. | 0:57:02 | 0:57:05 | |
It was the final chapter in the relationship | 0:57:07 | 0:57:10 | |
of the Portuguese and British royalty, | 0:57:10 | 0:57:12 | |
united since the days of Richard II. | 0:57:12 | 0:57:15 | |
A century ago, the traveller knew that, long before the railways, | 0:57:18 | 0:57:21 | |
the Atlantic Ocean bound together | 0:57:21 | 0:57:24 | |
the bagpipe playing Celts of the British Isles and Galicia. | 0:57:24 | 0:57:28 | |
The Atlantic was no limit for Portugal. | 0:57:28 | 0:57:31 | |
England's oldest ally discovered and colonised land on three continents, | 0:57:31 | 0:57:36 | |
and built this Belem Tower to defend its harbour. | 0:57:36 | 0:57:40 | |
The British, Spanish and Portuguese empires are no more, | 0:57:40 | 0:57:44 | |
and the kings and queens who made alliances have passed into history. | 0:57:44 | 0:57:49 | |
But on this journey, I've sensed a welcome rooted in long friendship. | 0:57:49 | 0:57:54 | |
'Next time, I'll visit the holy sites in Jerusalem... | 0:57:58 | 0:58:01 | |
'..discover how the Holy Land left a mark on British royals...' | 0:58:04 | 0:58:08 | |
-You're telling me that British kings were tattooed? -Yes. | 0:58:08 | 0:58:13 | |
'..and follow in the footsteps of a celebrated British hero.' | 0:58:13 | 0:58:17 | |
And up we go. | 0:58:17 | 0:58:18 | |
Wow. What sort of targets does T E Lawrence select? | 0:58:19 | 0:58:23 | |
He blows up substantial sections of the Hejaz Railway. | 0:58:23 | 0:58:27 |