Gwenllian Mamwlad
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-Subtitles | 0:00:00 | 0:00:00 | |
-Subtitles - -Subtitles | 0:00:00 | 0:00:02 | |
-Today, my challenge is to travel -back in time by some 900 years... | 0:00:08 | 0:00:13 | |
-..to an era when documenting -the history of women was rare. | 0:00:13 | 0:00:17 | |
-One woman interests us but -every image of her is speculatory. | 0:00:17 | 0:00:22 | |
-The new illustrations of Gwenllian -are thought to have come about... | 0:00:22 | 0:00:27 | |
-..from a romantic representation -created by modern Wales. | 0:00:28 | 0:00:31 | |
-But Princess Gwenllian lived in -an exciting period of Welsh history. | 0:00:36 | 0:00:42 | |
-Gwenllian's background -and experience in battle... | 0:00:42 | 0:00:47 | |
-..helped her to advise her husband -in political matters. | 0:00:47 | 0:00:51 | |
-She's the only Welsh woman -to lead an army into battle. | 0:00:55 | 0:01:00 | |
-The unstable political situation -at the time... | 0:01:00 | 0:01:04 | |
-..meant that Gwenllian -could take up a military role. | 0:01:05 | 0:01:09 | |
-A role that was deemed absurd -for a woman in Medieval Wales. | 0:01:09 | 0:01:14 | |
-Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd. | 0:01:15 | 0:01:18 | |
-Princess, royal mother, -warrior and heroine. | 0:01:18 | 0:01:23 | |
-Aberffraw on the west of Anglesey... | 0:01:42 | 0:01:45 | |
-..was home to a royal Welsh dynasty -900 years ago. | 0:01:46 | 0:01:49 | |
-Gwenllian ferch Gruffudd -was born here in about 1096. | 0:01:50 | 0:01:56 | |
-There were many royal courts -on the island... | 0:02:02 | 0:02:05 | |
-..but the court at Gwenllian's home -in Aberffraw was the most important. | 0:02:05 | 0:02:10 | |
-The courts are gone but parts of the -church are from the 12th century. | 0:02:10 | 0:02:15 | |
-There's more than one Gwenllian -in our history... | 0:02:16 | 0:02:19 | |
-..but this one stands out for me. | 0:02:20 | 0:02:22 | |
-The princess from Aberffraw, -mother of Lord Rhys... | 0:02:22 | 0:02:26 | |
-..who led the Welsh into battle -against the Normans... | 0:02:26 | 0:02:30 | |
-..before being executed -in Kidwelly in 1136. | 0:02:30 | 0:02:34 | |
-It's an ancient tale, -but is it true? | 0:02:34 | 0:02:37 | |
-This is the oldest story in the -series so it'll be challenging. | 0:02:41 | 0:02:46 | |
-Records of Medieval women are rare -as it was the Age of the Princes. | 0:02:46 | 0:02:51 | |
-There are no images, no grave and -a shortage of facts about Gwenllian. | 0:02:52 | 0:02:58 | |
-The lack of information -has heightened her profile... | 0:02:58 | 0:03:02 | |
-..and created a heroine. | 0:03:03 | 0:03:05 | |
-If we look at the princes... | 0:03:06 | 0:03:08 | |
-..there's very little evidence about -the princesses, wives and women. | 0:03:09 | 0:03:15 | |
-This is what makes them -even more interesting. | 0:03:15 | 0:03:19 | |
-We have to claw around -for the evidence. | 0:03:20 | 0:03:22 | |
-It isn't handed to us on a plate. | 0:03:23 | 0:03:25 | |
-It might be harder -to discover the information... | 0:03:25 | 0:03:29 | |
-..but it's more gratifying when -you discover a piece of evidence. | 0:03:30 | 0:03:36 | |
-Our most important source is Hanes y -Daith Trwy Gymru by Gerald of Wales. | 0:03:37 | 0:03:43 | |
-And like the queen of the Amazons -and second Penthesilea... | 0:03:43 | 0:03:48 | |
-..led her army into those zones. | 0:03:49 | 0:03:51 | |
-His wife, Gwenllian was defeated -in a battle by Maurice de Londres. | 0:03:51 | 0:03:56 | |
-Gerald of Wales was related -to Gwenllian on his mother's side. | 0:03:58 | 0:04:02 | |
-Gwenllian had been dead for 50 years -when he wrote his book. | 0:04:03 | 0:04:07 | |
-How reliable is Gerald's evidence? | 0:04:07 | 0:04:10 | |
-We can't believe every word -from Gerald of Wales. | 0:04:10 | 0:04:14 | |
-He enjoyed exaggerating. | 0:04:15 | 0:04:18 | |
-It's also important to remember... | 0:04:18 | 0:04:21 | |
-..that Gwenllian was Gerald's Aunt. | 0:04:21 | 0:04:24 | |
-The story could have been -passed down through the family. | 0:04:25 | 0:04:31 | |
-This means that Gerald -was in an ideal situation... | 0:04:31 | 0:04:35 | |
-..to give us a reliable report -of the events. | 0:04:35 | 0:04:39 | |
-This is pure conjecture. | 0:04:39 | 0:04:42 | |
-We're uncertain -of the exact circumstances... | 0:04:42 | 0:04:47 | |
-..but it's the only source we have -about Gwenllian and the Normans. | 0:04:47 | 0:04:53 | |
-The end of her life is recorded. | 0:04:56 | 0:04:59 | |
-But what about the beginning? | 0:05:00 | 0:05:02 | |
-Who was she -and what do we know about her past? | 0:05:02 | 0:05:06 | |
-Her father, Gruffudd ap Cynan -was the King of Gwynedd. | 0:05:06 | 0:05:09 | |
-We can trace his family back seven -generations to Rhodri the Great. | 0:05:10 | 0:05:14 | |
-Angharad, Gwenllian's mother was -the daughter of Edwin of Tegeingl. | 0:05:14 | 0:05:19 | |
-She is the only wife of -a Welsh prince to be called a queen. | 0:05:19 | 0:05:23 | |
-Gwenllian came from -a strong royal lineage. | 0:05:23 | 0:05:26 | |
-Welsh ancestry -is a very important source. | 0:05:27 | 0:05:30 | |
-It helps us with the names -of the princes and the kings. | 0:05:30 | 0:05:34 | |
-The Welsh were -fascinated by their lineage. | 0:05:35 | 0:05:38 | |
-The kings and princes -had lists of their ancestors... | 0:05:38 | 0:05:43 | |
-..to prove their status -and privileges. | 0:05:43 | 0:05:47 | |
-We're certain -that she was born on Anglesey. | 0:05:50 | 0:05:53 | |
-The south-east coast of the island -has Medieval remains... | 0:05:53 | 0:05:57 | |
-..where Gwenllian may have walked. | 0:05:57 | 0:06:00 | |
-At Penmon Church... | 0:06:00 | 0:06:02 | |
-..we find two Celtic crosses -dating back to the 10th century. | 0:06:02 | 0:06:07 | |
-Few sites with connections -to Gwenllian remain on Anglesey. | 0:06:12 | 0:06:16 | |
-I'm on the way to one of them -and I've never been there before. | 0:06:17 | 0:06:21 | |
-On the outskirts of Beaumaris, -lies Aberlleiniog Castle. | 0:06:24 | 0:06:29 | |
-This Norman fortress -was built in the 11th century. | 0:06:30 | 0:06:35 | |
-Hello. | 0:06:37 | 0:06:38 | |
-Hello. - -Hello, Ffion. | 0:06:38 | 0:06:39 | |
-Welcome to Aberlleiniog Castle. | 0:06:39 | 0:06:42 | |
-How is this site -linked with Gwenllian? | 0:06:42 | 0:06:46 | |
-Gwenllian's father, -Gruffudd ap Cynan... | 0:06:46 | 0:06:49 | |
-..took the castle from the Normans -over 900 years ago. | 0:06:49 | 0:06:53 | |
-At the time, the Normans were trying -to conquer parts of Wales. | 0:06:53 | 0:06:57 | |
-Following the Battle of Hastings -in 1066... | 0:06:57 | 0:07:00 | |
-..the Normans entered North Wales. | 0:07:01 | 0:07:04 | |
-Gruffudd resisted the Normans -who had built the original castle. | 0:07:05 | 0:07:11 | |
-The castle was in the possession -of Gwenllian's father... | 0:07:11 | 0:07:15 | |
-..when she was raised in Gwynedd -at the end of the 11th century. | 0:07:16 | 0:07:21 | |
-Is it likely that she came here? | 0:07:21 | 0:07:23 | |
-Is it likely that she came here? - -It's possible but we don't know. | 0:07:23 | 0:07:26 | |
-Gruffudd had taken possession -of the castle... | 0:07:26 | 0:07:29 | |
-..so it's possible she came here. | 0:07:29 | 0:07:32 | |
-She wouldn't have lived here as it -was a fortress as opposed to a home. | 0:07:32 | 0:07:37 | |
-Gwenllian's home of Aberffraw Court -is long gone... | 0:07:41 | 0:07:45 | |
-..but there are remains of another -royal court nearby. | 0:07:45 | 0:07:49 | |
-Llys Rhosyr was one of the royal -courts of Llywelyn the Great... | 0:07:50 | 0:07:55 | |
-..the prince of Gwynedd -during the 13th century. | 0:07:55 | 0:07:58 | |
-Would Aberffraw Court -have looked liked this site? | 0:07:59 | 0:08:03 | |
-Yes, it would have been -very similar to this. | 0:08:03 | 0:08:06 | |
-We have the foundations -of the hall. | 0:08:07 | 0:08:09 | |
-It was one of the main buildings -in Medieval times. | 0:08:09 | 0:08:13 | |
-The hall was an important part -of the court. | 0:08:13 | 0:08:17 | |
-There are other remains -as well as the exterior wall. | 0:08:17 | 0:08:21 | |
-What's the connection -between these ruins and Gwenllian? | 0:08:25 | 0:08:29 | |
-This was a Medieval court. | 0:08:30 | 0:08:32 | |
-Very little had changed in -the design since the 5th century. | 0:08:32 | 0:08:36 | |
-The buildings were similar -but the architecture had changed. | 0:08:36 | 0:08:41 | |
-The hall was the focal point -of social life. | 0:08:41 | 0:08:47 | |
-This was where you met the lord -and where people dined. | 0:08:47 | 0:08:51 | |
-The hall had a table -at one end of the building. | 0:08:52 | 0:08:56 | |
-The remaining folk sat and faced -the dais or raised platform... | 0:08:56 | 0:09:01 | |
-..that housed the lord -and his dignitaries. | 0:09:02 | 0:09:05 | |
-That is the nature of the hierarchy. | 0:09:05 | 0:09:09 | |
-Gwenllian was a public figure. | 0:09:09 | 0:09:12 | |
-Yes, she was a public figure. | 0:09:12 | 0:09:14 | |
-Our Royal Family could empathize -with this Medieval way of life. | 0:09:14 | 0:09:20 | |
-Would Gwenllian have spent -all her time in Aberffraw? | 0:09:21 | 0:09:24 | |
-In Medieval times, the royals -didn't have a set location. | 0:09:24 | 0:09:28 | |
-They were itinerants so moved -from one court to the next. | 0:09:29 | 0:09:32 | |
-Despite the royal privileges -granted to Gwenllian... | 0:09:34 | 0:09:38 | |
-..she lived in an unsettled -and critical time in Welsh history. | 0:09:38 | 0:09:44 | |
-Wales had been shared between -a number of Welsh kings and princes. | 0:09:44 | 0:09:50 | |
-They faced Norman lords who wanted -to conquer parts of the country. | 0:09:51 | 0:09:56 | |
-Soon after the Battle of Hastings... | 0:09:56 | 0:09:59 | |
-..it looked as if Gwynedd would fall -into the hands of the Normans... | 0:09:59 | 0:10:04 | |
-..but Gruffudd ap Cynan -overcame much opposition... | 0:10:05 | 0:10:08 | |
-..to establish himself -as King of Gwynedd. | 0:10:09 | 0:10:12 | |
-As part of the campaign -to affirm his role... | 0:10:12 | 0:10:15 | |
-..Gruffudd married -Gwenllian's mother, Angharad. | 0:10:15 | 0:10:19 | |
-She was from the royal family -in the Vale of Clwyd. | 0:10:19 | 0:10:22 | |
-This would help his influence -in North-East Wales. | 0:10:22 | 0:10:26 | |
-Angharad, Gwenllian's mother, -was a figure of great importance. | 0:10:29 | 0:10:34 | |
-Just like her husband... | 0:10:34 | 0:10:36 | |
-..her royal lineage stemmed -back to Hywel Dda. | 0:10:36 | 0:10:41 | |
-Historia Gruffud vab Kenan contains -a detailed description of Angharad. | 0:10:41 | 0:10:47 | |
-She was wise, noble, modest, -fair-haired with eyes blue... | 0:10:47 | 0:10:52 | |
-..and a hawk-like body. | 0:10:52 | 0:10:54 | |
-Each single part of a body -suited her as fittingly as possible. | 0:10:54 | 0:10:58 | |
-The biography was found -in Bangor Cathedral... | 0:10:58 | 0:11:01 | |
-..Gruffudd's final resting place. | 0:11:02 | 0:11:04 | |
-It contains a description -of Gruffudd. | 0:11:04 | 0:11:07 | |
-He was a man of moderate stature... | 0:11:07 | 0:11:10 | |
-..with fair hair, a clever head, -a round face of good colour. | 0:11:10 | 0:11:14 | |
-He was polished in his education and -outstanding at foreign languages. | 0:11:14 | 0:11:19 | |
-The descriptions of Gruffudd -and Angharad... | 0:11:19 | 0:11:23 | |
-..strongly indicate -that Gwenllian had fair hair. | 0:11:23 | 0:11:27 | |
-But we'll never know for certain. | 0:11:27 | 0:11:29 | |
-No attire has survived -from the period... | 0:11:30 | 0:11:33 | |
-..so all we can do is speculate. | 0:11:33 | 0:11:36 | |
-Gwenllian's clothing would have -reflected her status as a princess. | 0:11:36 | 0:11:41 | |
-It would have been graceful -with a cloak and a circular brooch. | 0:11:41 | 0:11:47 | |
-The brooch -would keep the cloak in place. | 0:11:48 | 0:11:51 | |
-She would also have worn -a head-dress. | 0:11:52 | 0:11:54 | |
-It would have been simple -and made of linen. | 0:11:54 | 0:11:58 | |
-On the whole, her outfit -would have been very modest. | 0:11:58 | 0:12:02 | |
-We suspect that their outward -appearance wasn't overly important. | 0:12:02 | 0:12:08 | |
-Why do you say that? | 0:12:08 | 0:12:11 | |
-No jewellery or other collections -from Wales... | 0:12:11 | 0:12:17 | |
-..have survived the period... | 0:12:17 | 0:12:19 | |
-..which could suggest that material -objects meant nothing to them. | 0:12:20 | 0:12:25 | |
-Land and privileges were -more important during this period. | 0:12:26 | 0:12:30 | |
-Very few documents exist... | 0:12:33 | 0:12:36 | |
-..about a woman's role in politics -at that time. | 0:12:36 | 0:12:39 | |
-But Huw Pryce believes that -Gwenllian played her part. | 0:12:39 | 0:12:45 | |
-She was someone who could marry -into another royal family. | 0:12:46 | 0:12:51 | |
-She married another Gruffudd... | 0:12:51 | 0:12:53 | |
-..namely Gruffydd ap Rhys -from Deheubarth. | 0:12:53 | 0:12:57 | |
-Marrying him was a way of uniting -two families in West Wales... | 0:12:57 | 0:13:02 | |
-..at a critical time. | 0:13:02 | 0:13:04 | |
-It was part of her value. | 0:13:05 | 0:13:07 | |
-This does not mean -that she was a marital pawn... | 0:13:07 | 0:13:11 | |
-..but we can't say for certain. | 0:13:11 | 0:13:13 | |
-Gwenllian's background -and experience in battle... | 0:13:13 | 0:13:17 | |
-..helped her to advise her husband -in political matters. | 0:13:17 | 0:13:22 | |
-Marrying Gruffydd ap Rhys -from Deheubarth... | 0:13:26 | 0:13:30 | |
-..meant travelling 200 miles -to a new home in Dinefwr. | 0:13:30 | 0:13:34 | |
-She never returned to Gwynedd. | 0:13:35 | 0:13:38 | |
-. | 0:13:42 | 0:13:42 | |
-Subtitles | 0:13:46 | 0:13:46 | |
-Subtitles - -Subtitles | 0:13:46 | 0:13:48 | |
-At the start of the 12th century... | 0:13:51 | 0:13:53 | |
-..Princess Gwenllian left Anglesey -for Deheubarth to get married. | 0:13:54 | 0:13:59 | |
-Dinefwr Castle, on the outskirts -of Llandeilo would be her new home. | 0:14:04 | 0:14:09 | |
-This was the main court -of her husband, Gruffydd ap Rhys. | 0:14:10 | 0:14:13 | |
-Gruffydd was the son -of Rhys ap Tewdwr and Gwladys... | 0:14:14 | 0:14:18 | |
-..and brother to Princess Nest. | 0:14:18 | 0:14:20 | |
-The marriage united the royal -kingdoms of Gwynedd and Deheubarth. | 0:14:21 | 0:14:27 | |
-Dinefwr Castle was -the principal court in the south. | 0:14:27 | 0:14:30 | |
-What do we know about life -in a castle at the time? | 0:14:35 | 0:14:39 | |
-I suspect that -the vast majority of castles... | 0:14:40 | 0:14:44 | |
-..were strongholds -that housed soldiers. | 0:14:44 | 0:14:47 | |
-You could argue that they were homes -but the courts were on flat plains. | 0:14:48 | 0:14:54 | |
-From the castle, you could see all -around and spot an enemy from afar. | 0:14:54 | 0:14:59 | |
-They were fortresses. | 0:14:59 | 0:15:01 | |
-And symbols of power. | 0:15:01 | 0:15:03 | |
-And symbols of power. - -Yes, they were very important. | 0:15:03 | 0:15:06 | |
-Castles feature -in all our documents... | 0:15:06 | 0:15:10 | |
-..as powerful focal points -and as a symbol of power. | 0:15:10 | 0:15:14 | |
-The act of building a castle... | 0:15:14 | 0:15:17 | |
-..meant that you were -leaving your mark on the landscape. | 0:15:18 | 0:15:22 | |
-Following the death of Henry I -and a period of chaos in England... | 0:15:23 | 0:15:27 | |
-..with a succession crisis between -King Stephen and Empress Matilda... | 0:15:28 | 0:15:32 | |
-..Wales saw an opportunity to chase -the Normans out of the country. | 0:15:33 | 0:15:38 | |
-Gruffydd ap Rhys went to Gwynedd -to ask his father-in-law for help... | 0:15:39 | 0:15:45 | |
-..leaving Gwenllian in the south. | 0:15:45 | 0:15:48 | |
-During Gruffydd's absence, the -Norman lord, Maurice de Londres... | 0:15:51 | 0:15:56 | |
-..led retaliatory raids -against the Welsh of the South. | 0:15:56 | 0:16:00 | |
-Gwenllian was forced to raise -an army against them in Kidwelly. | 0:16:02 | 0:16:06 | |
-Do you think that is plausible? | 0:16:07 | 0:16:10 | |
-Yes, because queens did lead armies -during the 12th century. | 0:16:10 | 0:16:16 | |
-Matilda led armies against Stephen -in the English Civil War... | 0:16:16 | 0:16:20 | |
-..which was a time of pure chaos -and anarchy. | 0:16:21 | 0:16:24 | |
-They didn't necessarily -fight in the battles... | 0:16:24 | 0:16:28 | |
-..but had experience -of riding horses and using weapons. | 0:16:28 | 0:16:32 | |
-It's impossible -to know for certain... | 0:16:32 | 0:16:35 | |
-..but I have no reason -to doubt the story. | 0:16:35 | 0:16:38 | |
-With the Norman ships approaching... | 0:16:39 | 0:16:42 | |
-..Gwenllian was alone with -her young sons, Morgan and Maelgwn. | 0:16:42 | 0:16:47 | |
-She decided to raise an army. | 0:16:47 | 0:16:49 | |
-She sent half of them -to the coast... | 0:16:49 | 0:16:52 | |
-..and hid the rest in the forest -around Kidwelly Castle. | 0:16:52 | 0:16:56 | |
-But she was betrayed. | 0:17:00 | 0:17:02 | |
-The Normans learnt of the -whereabouts of the hidden army... | 0:17:02 | 0:17:06 | |
-..and ruthlessly attacked them. | 0:17:06 | 0:17:09 | |
-When faced with a Norman attack... | 0:17:10 | 0:17:13 | |
-..Gwenllian didn't instinctively -send her army to war... | 0:17:13 | 0:17:17 | |
-..but stood with her men -on the battlefield. | 0:17:18 | 0:17:22 | |
-Morgan was killed -and Maelgwn was captured. | 0:17:36 | 0:17:40 | |
-Gwenllian was also captured -and executed. | 0:17:40 | 0:17:44 | |
-According to Gerald of Wales... | 0:18:04 | 0:18:07 | |
-..Gwenllian was executed -on the battleground. | 0:18:07 | 0:18:11 | |
-This is interesting in itself... | 0:18:11 | 0:18:13 | |
-..as women were often -taken as prisoners... | 0:18:14 | 0:18:17 | |
-..as opposed to being executed -on the spot. | 0:18:18 | 0:18:21 | |
-But Gerald is a complex character. | 0:18:21 | 0:18:25 | |
-He had both Norman and Welsh blood -running through his veins... | 0:18:26 | 0:18:30 | |
-..so where did he stand? | 0:18:30 | 0:18:33 | |
-Did he want to portray the Normans -as savage people... | 0:18:33 | 0:18:38 | |
-..who broke the Code of Chivalry -by executing Gwenllian? | 0:18:39 | 0:18:45 | |
-Is there an element -of truth in the history? | 0:18:45 | 0:18:49 | |
-We can only speculate -but it is possible. | 0:18:49 | 0:18:54 | |
-Regardless of the facts... | 0:18:58 | 0:19:00 | |
-..the story has always captured -the imagination of the Welsh. | 0:19:00 | 0:19:04 | |
-The shortage of facts -is also a talking point. | 0:19:05 | 0:19:08 | |
-Hello, Sean. | 0:19:08 | 0:19:10 | |
-Hello, Sean. - -Hello, please come in. | 0:19:10 | 0:19:12 | |
-We only have the one source, -Gerald of Wales... | 0:19:12 | 0:19:15 | |
-..and he's an unreliable source. | 0:19:15 | 0:19:17 | |
-It's not backed up anywhere else. | 0:19:17 | 0:19:20 | |
-He had close family connections -with the Normans... | 0:19:20 | 0:19:24 | |
-..who were involved -in this massacre. | 0:19:24 | 0:19:26 | |
-He writes about the pen -quivering in his hand... | 0:19:27 | 0:19:30 | |
-..when he thinks of the atrocities -committed by his relatives. | 0:19:30 | 0:19:35 | |
-It sounds to me -as if he's justifying... | 0:19:36 | 0:19:39 | |
-..or glossing over -what is an atrocity of war. | 0:19:39 | 0:19:43 | |
-There's also -the political situation. | 0:19:43 | 0:19:46 | |
-Gwenllian's husband was in North -Wales to gather military support. | 0:19:46 | 0:19:51 | |
-He would have been with his -military household, his Teulu. | 0:19:51 | 0:19:55 | |
-It wouldn't make sense for her to -fight. She should have been hiding. | 0:19:55 | 0:20:00 | |
-Is there any evidence -it didn't happen this way? | 0:20:00 | 0:20:03 | |
-It might have happened but she -wasn't an effective military leader. | 0:20:04 | 0:20:09 | |
-I would go back -to the credibility of it. | 0:20:09 | 0:20:12 | |
-Why would she lead an army -in that fashion? | 0:20:12 | 0:20:15 | |
-Kidwelly is the one place in Wales -that has truly embraced Gwenllian. | 0:20:18 | 0:20:24 | |
-Gwenllian is highly respected -and her name is all over the place. | 0:20:29 | 0:20:34 | |
-There's a housing estate near -the castle called Llys Gwenllian... | 0:20:34 | 0:20:39 | |
-..Ysgol Gymraeg Gwenllian -and the Princess Gwenllian Centre. | 0:20:39 | 0:20:44 | |
-Mynydd y Garreg's rugby team -plays at Parc Gwenllian. | 0:20:44 | 0:20:49 | |
-There are farms called -Maes Gwenllian and Fferm Gwenllian. | 0:20:49 | 0:20:54 | |
-The name lives on -and it always will. | 0:20:54 | 0:20:56 | |
-Do you believe the story? | 0:20:57 | 0:20:59 | |
-Do you believe the story? - -Yes, I believe every word of it. | 0:20:59 | 0:21:02 | |
-What about the local people? | 0:21:02 | 0:21:04 | |
-The people of the area -want to believe the story. | 0:21:04 | 0:21:08 | |
-Some know very little about it... | 0:21:08 | 0:21:12 | |
-..whilst others know it very well. | 0:21:12 | 0:21:15 | |
-Some people will say -"wasn't she a warrior princess?" | 0:21:15 | 0:21:20 | |
-She's a heroine in the area. | 0:21:20 | 0:21:25 | |
-The military battle failed but -Gwenllian's act inspired the Welsh. | 0:21:26 | 0:21:32 | |
-The battle continued. | 0:21:33 | 0:21:35 | |
-Gwenllian's son, Lord Rhys became -a powerful leader in Deheubarth... | 0:21:35 | 0:21:41 | |
-..whilst his brother, Owain -ruled in Gwynedd. | 0:21:41 | 0:21:45 | |
-The princesses were more influential -than the sources claim. | 0:21:53 | 0:21:58 | |
-We have to remember that most of -the sources were written by men... | 0:21:58 | 0:22:02 | |
-..and churchmen who usually -lacked any respect for women. | 0:22:03 | 0:22:07 | |
-It's a story -that people like to identify with. | 0:22:11 | 0:22:14 | |
-It's the story -of a romantic princess... | 0:22:14 | 0:22:18 | |
-..her heroic following -and the evil Normans fighting her. | 0:22:19 | 0:22:23 | |
-It's a story that suited us to be -able to tell as a conquered nation. | 0:22:23 | 0:22:29 | |
-I think -she's a very interesting character. | 0:22:35 | 0:22:38 | |
-From the little information -that we know about her... | 0:22:38 | 0:22:43 | |
-..she has showed us -that women can lead an army. | 0:22:43 | 0:22:49 | |
-This act was contradictory -to the expectations of the day. | 0:22:49 | 0:22:55 | |
-Gwenllian lost her battle -in Kidwelly. | 0:23:02 | 0:23:05 | |
-But from the moment -she lost her life... | 0:23:05 | 0:23:08 | |
-..Wales saw her as a symbol -for rebellion and nationalism... | 0:23:08 | 0:23:12 | |
-..which continues to this day. | 0:23:12 | 0:23:14 | |
-S4C Subtitles by Tinopolis | 0:24:04 | 0:24:06 | |
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