Episode 11 University Challenge


Episode 11

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APPLAUSE

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Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.

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Hello. To err is human, but knowing everything is very irritating to the rest of us!

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On the other hand, erring too often will put you on the slow bus of shame back to your campus.

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Tonight, Oxford plays Cambridge and Queen's play King's.

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The King's College of Our Lady and St Nicholas in Cambridge

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is known to millions for its wonderful choral music especially the Christmas Service.

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It was founded in 1441 for 70 poor scholars by Henry VI

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who also established Eton College. For around 400 years,

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that school gave us an entertaining definition of poverty

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by providing all King's students.

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Nowadays, King's is regarded as having particularly strong links with the state sector.

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Its traditions include allowing cows to graze on Scholars' Green

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and the Provost has authority to grant permission for duelling to take place on the King's Bridge.

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Where are Health and Safety on the rare occasions when you need them? Let's meet the team.

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Hello. I'm Andrew Tindall from Bournemouth, Dorset.

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I'm studying natural sciences.

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Hi. I'm Bryony Bates, from Redhill in Surrey. I'm studying English.

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-And their captain.

-I'm Joshua Newton, from San Francisco,

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studying for a PhD in history.

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Hello. I'm Phil Davies from Goring in Oxfordshire and I'm studying philosophy.

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APPLAUSE

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Now, the Hall of the Queen's Scholars at Oxford, or simply the Queen's College,

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was founded in 1341 by Robert de Eglesfield

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the chaplain to Queen Philippa, queen consort of Edward III, and was named after her.

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It's also known for its choir whose recordings include a contribution to the soundtrack of Harry Potter.

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The future Henry V spent time at the college

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and alumni include the theologian John Wycliffe, the philosopher Jeremy Bentham

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and the astronomers Edmund Halley and Edwin Hubble.

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It's properly referred to with the definite article, but we've dispensed with it tonight.

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Hi, I'm Peter Sloman, from Garstang in Lancashire, studying a D.Phil in History.

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Hello. I'm James Kane, from Manchester and I'm reading Japanese.

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And their captain.

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I'm Matthew White from Pershore, Worcestershire studying for a D.Phil in Maths.

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Hi. I'm Layla Hill from Sale in Cheshire, studying Chemistry.

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APPLAUSE

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The rules are the same as ever.

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10 points for starters, 15 for bonuses. Starters are sole efforts, bonuses are team efforts.

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Five-point fines for incorrect interruptions. Here's your starter for 10.

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What two-word title originated in the 19th century was popularised by a play of 1911 by Charles Nirdlinger

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and has been applied to Eleanor, Betty, Jacqueline, Lady Bird and...

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-First lady.

-First lady is correct.

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You're first out of the traps on bonuses.

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Sporting venues, tonight, Queen's.

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Which area of west London takes its name from the venue of the 1908 Olympics

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at which the modern length of the marathon was fixed at 26 miles, 385 yards

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to bring the finishing line before the royal box?

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-White City.

-Correct.

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After a police officer's mount used to control the crowds,

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the nickname The White Horse final is often given to the first FA Cup final at Wembley in 1923.

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-Which Lancashire club were the winners?

-Bolton Wanderers.

-Correct.

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Which London football stadium shares its name in part with the personal emblem of King Richard II?

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White Hart Lane?

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-White Hart Lane.

-Correct. Another starter question. According to the Oxford English dictionary,

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the first use in English of which word occurred in 1638?

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It was described erroneously by its originator as meaning "an orb of gross vaporous air

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"immediately encompassing the body of the moon"?

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-Atmosphere?

-Yes.

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Your bonuses, King's, are on national nature reserves.

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Threatened by a proposed tidal barrier,

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which nature reserve in Lincolnshire and Norfolk

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is a mix of open and coastal water, mud flats and salt marshes?

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-The Wash.

-Correct. Which Welsh mountain to the south-east of Barmouth

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rises to 2,930 feet and is one of the most southerly limits of Arctic alpine flora in Britain?

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-Snowdon?

-Snowdon.

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No, Snowdon's 3,500. It's Cadr Idris.

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A Scottish nature reserve, which island is the location of Fingal's Cave

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popularised by Mendelssohn's Hebrides Overture?

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-Skye.

-No, it's Staffa. Another starter question now.

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What is the four-word title

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of the 2004 book by the US financial journalist James Surowiecki

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which argues that large groups of people are collectively more intelligent

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than an elite few?

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-The Wisdom of Crowds.

-Yes.

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Queen's, your second bonuses are on literature.

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Give the title of the early 20th century novel, the opening lines of which mention these locations.

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First for five points. "The marsh farm in the meadows where the Erewash twisted sluggishly

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"through alder trees, separating Derbyshire from Nottinghamshire."

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-Pass.

-D.H.Lawrence's The Rainbow. Second,

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"The cave, a large, old-fashioned three-storey building, a mile outside the town of Mugsborough."

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-Pass.

-The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists.

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Finally, "The Marabar Caves, 20 miles from the city of Chandrapur."

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-A Passage to India.

-A Passage to India.

-Yes.

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Ten points for this starter.

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What is the Si-derived unit of activity of a radionuclide,

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equal to the activity...

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-Becquerel.

-Correct. Yes.

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Your bonuses are on medicines, this time, Queen's, now rarely used.

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Which drug was developed in the 1940s and was the first antibiotic

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effective against tuberculosis?

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-Penicillin?

-No, Streptomycin.

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The only vaccine now commonly available for protection against tuberculosis

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is named after its discoverers, and is usually known by what three initials?

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-BCG?

-Dunno. Go for it.

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-BCG.

-Correct. The causative agent of TB in humans is Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

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Infection by the related strain, Mycobacterium bovis,

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having been virtually eliminated in developed countries,

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by what public health measure, first proposed in the 1880s?

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Vaccination?

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Is it banning of spitting?

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Banning spitting.

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No, it's pasteurisation of cows' milk. A picture round now.

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Your starter is a map with the location of an active volcano.

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Ten points if you can give me its name.

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Mount St Helen's.

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It is Mount St Helen's, yes.

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In the United States. Your picture bonuses are three maps

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featuring active volcanoes. Five points for each you identify.

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Firstly, this volcano which last erupted in 1909.

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Mount Teide.

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Mount Teide is right. In the Canaries.

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This, whose last eruption occurred in 1950.

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-Krakatoa.

-No, that's Santorini, or Thera.

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Finally, this volcano which last erupted in 2011.

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-Etna.

-That is Mount Etna, yes.

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Another starter question now.

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"Why stop at serving them once a day? Have them twice or even three times

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"for breakfast, dinner and supper."

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These words appeared on war-time leaflets about which vegetable?

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-Potatoes.

-Yes.

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Your bonuses this time are on American universities, Queen's.

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In US universities, first-year students are generally called freshmen

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and second-years sophomores. What term is used for third years?

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-Juniors.

-Correct. The process known as graduation in UK universities

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is known by what term in American universities?

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-Commencement.

-Correct.

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The academic society or fraternity Phi Beta Kappa

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gets its name from the initial letters of the Greek motto "Philosophia biou kubernetes".

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What does this mean in English?

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Philosophy, life...

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..government?

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-Philosophy, life, government.

-Yeah, OK.

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"Philosophy is the guide of life."

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Another starter question. "His essays are, in effect, an extended autobiography,

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"the only one ever to be written this way." These words...

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-Montaigne.

-Montaigne is correct, yes.

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King's, your bonuses this time are on an economist.

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Which economist gives his name to the theory that lack of demand for goods and unemployment

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should be met by increased government expenditure to stimulate the economy?

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-Keynes.

-I think he devised the theory while he was at King's!

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Keynes led the British delegation to the Bretton Woods conference in 1944,

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which set up the World Bank and which other United Nations agency?

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-The International Monetary Fund.

-Correct. What general term denotes the economic discipline

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of which Keynes is considered the founder? It studies whole economies or systems.

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-Macroeconomics.

-Is right. Another starter question.

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Give both names promptly if you buzz.

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The names of which Greek god and goddess

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were combined in that of their son whose body became united with that of a nymph?

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His name is the derivation of the term for an animal or plant

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having both male and female...

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Hermes and Aphrodite.

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Yes.

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Your bonuses are on Ancient Greek names. The answer is a pair of names

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that in English differ by only one letter. For five,

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a priestess of Aphrodite who killed herself when her lover drowned

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and the queen of the Olympian gods.

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-Hero and Hera.

-Correct.

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Second, a king of the city state of Sychian, described by Aeschylus as the son of Apollo,

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and the son of Faunus, who according to Ovid, was the lover of Galatea.

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-Pass.

-Apis and Acis. Finally,

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the goddess of strife who gives her name to a dwarf planet, and the goddess of the rainbow.

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-Eris and Iris.

-Correct. Another starter question.

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Which two eukaryotic cell structures are composed of nine fused pairs of microtubules

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surrounding a central pair?

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-Centromere.

-No, I'm afraid you lose five points.

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With the expenditure of ATP, they're able to beat in a whiplash fashion.

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One of you may buzz.

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-Mitochondria.

-No, the flagellum and cilium. Ten points for this.

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Which town on the River Wye links the 12th-century Bishop of St Asaph,

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author of The History of the Kings of Britain,

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with James Scott, an illegitimate son of Charles II

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executed after the battle of Sedgemoor...

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-Monmouth.

-Monmouth is right.

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Your bonuses are on linear algebra.

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In a vector space, what name is given to the minimal size of a set of spanning vectors?

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-A dimension.

-Correct. What is the dimension of the set of complex numbers

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-when regarded as a vector space over the real numbers?

-Two.

-Correct.

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What is the dimension of the set of complex numbers when regarded as a vector space over complex numbers?

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-One.

-Correct. Which poem by Shelley is believed to have been written in competition

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with his friend and fellow poet Horace Smith?

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Smith's version opens, "In Egypt's sandy silence all alone stands a gigantic leg

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"which far off throws the only..."

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-Ozymandias.

-Ozymandias is right.

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You can see why Shelley won!

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Your bonuses are on words that contain all five vowels in any order.

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In each case, give the word from the description.

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First, a cultivar of brassica oloracea whose varieties include

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snowball, clapton and romanesco veronica.

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-Cauliflower.

-Correct.

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An adjective describing something beyond one's reach or that cannot be acquired or procured by effort.

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-Unobtainable.

-Correct.

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Finally, a small percussion instrument appearing on the title

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of a song written by Bob Dylan and covered by The Byrds.

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-Tambourine.

-Tambourine is right. A music round now.

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You'll hear a well-known song.

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Ten points if you give me the singer.

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# Ave Maria

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# Vergin del ciel. #

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-Bocelli.

-No. Queen's, one of you buzz, please.

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Pavarotti.

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Pavarotti. If that was a guess, it was a very lucky one!

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So, following on from his version of Ave Maria,

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three more Ave Marias sung by pop artists.

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In each case, I want the name of the person singing.

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First, for five points.

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# Ave Maria... #

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-Charlotte Church.

-No, that's Barbra Streisand.

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Secondly, the vocalist of this alternative version.

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# Ave Maria... #

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Sounds plausible.

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Cliff Richard?

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He wishes! It's Chris Cornell's version of Schubert's arrangement.

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Finally, the singer of this pop song, also called Ave Maria.

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# Ave Maria

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# I've been alone

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# When I'm surrounded by friends

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# How could the silence be so loud? #

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- I've no idea. - Have a guess at someone modern.

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-Eva Cassidy.

-No, that's Beyonce.

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Ten points for this. The word Oriental appears in the full name

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of which South American republic, describing its location.

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-Uruguay.

-Is right.

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Your bonuses this time, Queen's, are on pioneering American women.

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Chicago's Hull House was the first major social settlement house in the US,

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providing cultural and social amenities for a largely immigrant area.

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Its founder, Jane Adams, became the first American woman to win which specific award in 1931?

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-No idea.

-Let's have an answer.

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-The Congressional Gold medal?

-No, the Nobel Peace prize.

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Born Margaret Higgins, who opened the first US birth control clinic

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in New York in 1916?

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Her publications include What Every Girl Should Know

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and What Every Mother Should Know.

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-Margaret Sanger.

-Correct. A pioneer and research innovator in social anthropology,

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who in 1928 published Coming of Age in Samoa,

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a psychological study of primitive youth for Western civilisation?

0:17:240:17:28

Margaret Mead, I think.

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Margaret Mead is right, yes. Another starter question now.

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In physics, what adjective describes two quantum states with the same energy?

0:17:350:17:40

-Degenerate.

-Degenerate is right, yes.

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Your bonuses are on Byzantine emperors. In each case,

0:17:450:17:49

I want the regnal name shared by the emperors who bore the following by-names.

0:17:490:17:53

The first, known as The Thracian, the third, or The Isaurian, and the sixth, or The Philosopher?

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-Leo.

-Leo.

-Correct.

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The first, or Bringer of Victory, whose skull was made into a cup after defeat by the Bulgars,

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and the second, known as Phokas?

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-Julian.

-No, Nikephoros. Finally,

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the fifth, or Dung Named,

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and the 11th or Palaiologus, who was the last Byzantine emperor.

0:18:230:18:28

-Constantine.

-Constantine.

-Constantine is correct.

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Ten points for this. The Italian for mis-tuning, what term denotes the tuning of stringed instruments

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to play notes outside their normal range

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in order to perform particular compositions?

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-A-tonal.

-Anyone like to buzz from King's?

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No? It's scordatura. Ten points for this.

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A serious post-war fiscal crisis and demands for parliamentary reform and Catholic emancipation

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were among the challenges which faced which prime minister, in office from 1812 to 1828?

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-Liverpool.

-Liverpool is right, yes.

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Your bonuses this time are on dates in novels, Queen's.

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In which novel of 1895 does an inventor encounter people called the Eloi and the Morlocks

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in the year 802,701?

0:19:160:19:19

-The Time Machine.

-Correct.

0:19:190:19:21

Aldous Huxley's novel Brave New World is set in the year 632 AF.

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For what do the initials AF stand?

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Anno Fordi. Year of Ford.

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Anno Fordi.

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No, it's After Ford. I can't give you that.

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Five points for this. In which novel of 1889 by Mark Twain

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does a contemporary American experience life in the year 528?

0:19:380:19:42

Connecticut Yankee at the Court of King Arthur.

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Connecticut Yankee in the Court of King Arthur.

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In King Arthur's Court. Yes. A second picture round now.

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For your picture starter, you'll sees a photograph of a fruit.

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For ten points, I'd like you to give me, in the correct order,

0:19:540:19:58

the names of the chemical elements

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whose chemical symbols spell out the four-letter name of the fruit.

0:20:000:20:05

-Potassium, iodine, tungsten, iodine.

-Well done! Yes.

0:20:100:20:15

Your bonuses are more pieces of fruit or vegetables.

0:20:190:20:21

Again, give me the names of the chemical elements

0:20:210:20:24

whose one or two-letter chemical symbols spell out the name of what you see. Confer,

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give me the list of elements then.

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Here's the first. It's a nine-letter word.

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- It's asparagus. - Is it argon?

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- Ar is Argon. - Asparagus doesn't have an R.

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- As is... - Arsenic.

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Pa is Protactinium.

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- Ra is... - Radon?

0:20:510:20:54

-Or is that Rm. I think it's Rm.

-It might be radium.

-OK.

-Radium.

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-G.

-It would have to be Gu.

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Maybe it's Ag, which is silver.

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What's R?

0:21:070:21:08

I don't think there is an R.

0:21:090:21:11

OK.

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This is all very entertaining, but you have to give an answer soon.

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I don't know what G is, but you could have Uranium and Sulphur.

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Arsenic. Phosphorous. Argon...

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-Silver.

-Silver.

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Uranium. Sulphur.

0:21:330:21:34

Well done! Yes!

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Secondly for five points, a ten-letter word.

0:21:400:21:42

There are two ways of doing this. Either is fine.

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- What is it? - Coriander?

0:21:460:21:48

It's ten letters.

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-Is it a vegetable?

-Is it watercress?

0:21:510:21:55

-Yes, it's watercress.

-OK.

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-That's tungsten.

-At is astatine.

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And erbium.

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So, tungsten, astatine, erbium. C? Carbon?

0:22:040:22:08

-No, no, Cr, you could have chromium.

-There's two ways.

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Es is einsteinium, and S is sulpher.

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So what's that again?

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-Tungsten, astatine, erbium.

-Erbium.

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Chromium.

0:22:210:22:22

-Einsteinium. Sulphur.

-Well done.

0:22:220:22:26

APPLAUSE

0:22:260:22:29

Finally, there are two possible solutions to this one as well.

0:22:310:22:35

I want the plural form, so seven letters.

0:22:350:22:37

It's a banana!

0:22:370:22:39

Barium. Sodium.

0:22:410:22:44

Sulphur.

0:22:440:22:46

-Bananas, so two sodiums.

-Yeah. Yeah. Barium,

0:22:460:22:50

sodium, sodium, sulphur.

0:22:500:22:52

Yes!

0:22:520:22:53

APPLAUSE

0:22:530:22:56

Another starter question.

0:22:570:22:59

What initial three letters link a receptacle for the bones of the dead,

0:22:590:23:03

a legendary Gallic poet, an Italian dish of stewed...

0:23:030:23:06

-Urn. U-R-N.

-No, you lose five points.

0:23:060:23:10

An Italian dish of stewed veal,

0:23:100:23:13

and a region of the Caucasus divided between Russia and Georgia?

0:23:130:23:16

-Abc...?

-No, it's O-S-S. Ossuary, Ossian, osso bucco and so on.

0:23:190:23:23

Another starter question. Crack, white, grey, bay, goat and almond leaves

0:23:230:23:29

are among the native British trees of what genus? You may give the common name or scientific name.

0:23:290:23:35

-Laurel.

-No. Queen's? Somebody buzz?

0:23:370:23:40

Birch.

0:23:410:23:43

No, it's willow or Salix. Ten points for this.

0:23:430:23:46

In human genetics, what percentage of the male offspring of a male carrying a Y-linked gene

0:23:460:23:52

will carry that gene?

0:23:520:23:53

-50 per cent.

-Anyone like to buzz from Queen's?

0:23:540:23:57

-100 per cent.

-100 per cent. Yes.

0:23:570:23:59

Your bonuses are on a 19th-century politician.

0:24:030:24:06

Born in 1819 which Liberal statesman gives his name to an act of 1870

0:24:060:24:11

that created the first national system of elementary education in England and Wales?

0:24:110:24:16

Foster. Forster.

0:24:220:24:23

-Forster.

-Correct. In 1872, Forster guided through an act

0:24:230:24:28

stipulating which reform of the voting system,

0:24:280:24:31

one of the Chartists' six points which helped reduce bribery and intimidation at elections?

0:24:310:24:35

-Secret ballot.

-Correct. Forster Square railway station is in which English city?

0:24:350:24:41

-Shall we just guess?

-Let's have an answer.

0:24:440:24:47

-Newcastle.

-No, Bradford. Three minutes to go. Ten points for this. According to William James,

0:24:470:24:52

which branch of philosophy "means nothing but an unusually obstinate effort to think clearly"?

0:24:520:24:57

-Logic.

-Queen's, somebody like to buzz?

0:25:010:25:04

Metaphysics. Ten points for this.

0:25:040:25:06

Answer when you buzz. Three countries share borders of 1,500km or more with the European Union.

0:25:060:25:12

For ten points, name two of them.

0:25:120:25:14

-Russia and Ukraine.

-No.

0:25:160:25:18

Anyone like to buzz from King's?

0:25:180:25:21

Ukraine and Switzerland.

0:25:230:25:25

No, it's Norway, Russia and Switzerland.

0:25:250:25:28

The other ones, the Ukraine and so on, are slightly shorter. Ten points for this, then.

0:25:280:25:33

Assuming the most abundant isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen,

0:25:330:25:37

a molecule of water contains how many protons?

0:25:370:25:40

-Ten.

-Correct.

0:25:410:25:42

Another set of bonuses for you, Queen's. They're on a craft.

0:25:420:25:47

In what traditional craft might one find oneself following a four-word instruction

0:25:470:25:52

represented by the abbreviation K, T.B.L?

0:25:520:25:54

-Knitting.

-Yes!

0:26:010:26:02

For what does the letter Y stand in the knitting pattern instruction yfon?

0:26:020:26:09

-Yarn.

-Yarn forward over needle is right.

0:26:120:26:15

Again in a knitting pattern for what does sl1, k1, psso stand?

0:26:150:26:20

Come on!

0:26:230:26:25

-Slip first, purl one...

-No, slip one, knit one, pass slip stitch over.

0:26:250:26:31

Ten points for this. B.V in Dutch,

0:26:310:26:34

e.e in Welsh, p.ej in Spanish,

0:26:340:26:36

per es in Italian,

0:26:360:26:38

p.ex in French and Portuguese...

0:26:380:26:40

-For example. E.g.

-Correct.

0:26:400:26:42

Your bonuses, King's, are on genetic engineering.

0:26:420:26:46

What name was given to the first mammal to be cloned from adult somatic cells in 1996?

0:26:460:26:51

-Dolly.

-Quickly.

-Dolly!

-Dolly.

0:26:510:26:53

Correct. Dolly was produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer.

0:26:530:26:56

In this technique, the nucleus from a somatic cell

0:26:560:26:59

is transferred to what type of recipient cell?

0:26:590:27:02

-Egg cell.

-No, embryonic cell.

0:27:060:27:08

What tissue was the source of the nucleus transferred to produce Dolly?

0:27:080:27:14

-Mammary.

-Mammary is right. Named after Dolly Parton. Ten points for this.

0:27:140:27:18

Attributing the words to the artist and writer Robert Storm Petersen,

0:27:180:27:21

Niels Bohr cited the observation that "Prediction can be very difficult

0:27:210:27:25

"especially about..." what?

0:27:250:27:27

-The future.

-The future, yes.

0:27:280:27:30

Here are your bonuses, Queen's, on codes.

0:27:300:27:33

Its statutes, including The Conventicle Act and the Five-Mile Act,

0:27:330:27:37

a code restricting the activity of non-conformists in 17th-century England

0:27:370:27:42

-is often named after which Lord Chancellor?

-Clarendon!

0:27:420:27:45

-Clarendon.

-Correct. Which Chinese dynasty gives its name to a penal code of 624 C.E

0:27:450:27:50

that became the basis for later dynastic codes in China and other east Asian states?

0:27:500:27:55

-Tang.

-Correct. Effective in the USA from the 1930s to the '60s, the Hays Code

0:27:550:28:00

-regulated what form of artistic expression?

-GONG

0:28:000:28:03

At the gong, King's, Cambridge have 95

0:28:030:28:06

and Queen's, Oxford, have 280!

0:28:060:28:08

Bad luck, King's, you never got the chance to show us what you're made of.

0:28:140:28:18

But you were up against very strong opposition.

0:28:180:28:20

Queen's, a terrific score and terrific performance. We'll see you again. Congratulations.

0:28:200:28:27

I hope you can join us next time. Until then,

0:28:270:28:30

-it's goodbye from King's College, Cambridge.

-Bye.

0:28:300:28:33

-Goodbye from Queen's College, Oxford.

-Bye!

0:28:330:28:35

And it's goodbye from me. Goodbye!

0:28:350:28:37

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