Episode 12 University Challenge

University Challenge.

Asking the questions - Jeremy Paxman.

Hello. George Bernard Shaw said that all the young could do for the old was to shock them

and keep them up to date. Tonight, two of the youngest teams in the contest are preparing to do that.

There is a place in the second round for the team that gets a few questions right in the process.

Leeds University grew out of several institutions and received its royal charter from Edward VII in 1904.

Much of the inspiration for its teaching programme came from the technical colleges of Germany

and at the time of its foundation, the great majority of its students came from Yorkshire.

It's now one of the largest universities in Britain

with around 33,000 students from over 140 countries.

Alumni include the politicians Jack Straw and Clare Short,

musicians Mark Knopfler and Little Boots and its current chancellor is Melvyn Bragg.

With an average age of 19 and the youngest team in the competition,

let's meet the four from Leeds.

I'm Lucy Bennett from Wigan, studying English and French.

I'm Peter Hufton from Mansfield, studying Theoretical Physics.

-Their captain.

-I'm Lewis from St Albans, studying Biology.

I'm Christian Mannsaker from Newcastle.

I'm studying Classical Civilisation.

APPLAUSE

Goldsmiths is a constituent college of the University of London.

It began life as an institute established in New Cross by the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths,

one of the City of London's livery companies, in 1891.

The university acquired it in 1904.

The college specialises in creative and cultural disciplines.

Tonight's team describe a typical Goldsmiths student as left-wing and arty with an interesting haircut.

Alumni include designer Mary Quant and artists Damien Hirst, Bridget Riley and Antony Gormley.

The senior of tonight's teams with an average age of 19 and three-quarters, let's meet them.

I'm Adam from Darwen in Lancashire

and I'm studying Fine Art and History of Art.

I'm Julie Tanner from Kirby-le-Soken in Essex and I'm studying English.

-Their captain.

-I'm Tom from London,

studying for a Masters in Composition.

I'm Wes from Rochdale, studying English.

APPLAUSE

OK, you all know the rules no doubt.

It's ten points for starters, 15 for bonuses, five-point penalties for incorrect interruptions to starters.

Fingers on the buzzers, here's your first starter for ten.

From the 19th century to the 1920s,

Lustreer, Optiphone and Mirascope were among names suggested

for what yet to be invented, but now ubiquitous device?

-Television.

-Television is right, yes.

The first bonuses are on foreign policy doctrines.

Which Soviet leader gave his name to a foreign policy doctrine

by which the USSR reserved the right to use military force

to prevent its satellites from courses that "damaged socialism"?

-Khrushchev?

-Khrushchev?

-Khrushchev?

-No, it was Brezhnev. After a popular US performer,

what name did a Soviet foreign ministry spokesman give

to the USSR's policy towards the 1989 revolutions in Eastern Europe?

Nominate Bennett.

She doesn't want to be nominated.

-Sorry, pass.

-Have you got any idea?

-No. Pass.

Frank Sinatra Doctrine. Any country could do it "their way".

Which US President's Doctrine was first announced with a speech to a joint session of Congress,

requesting 400 million in aid for Greece and Turkey and a pledge "to support free peoples"?

-What was the date?

-He didn't say.

Try Truman. I know there's a Truman Doctrine.

-Truman Doctrine?

-It was the Truman Doctrine.

Ten points for this. Devised as it's impossible to perform with one hand

and also known as "the Vulcan nerve pinch" or "three-finger salute",

the IBM computer engineer David Bradley in 1981 formulated which now ubiquitous keyboard command?

-Control-alt-delete.

-Yes.

Your bonuses are on property. "Government has no other end but the preservation of property."

Who wrote those words in his Second Treatise On Civil Government in 1690?

-Pass.

-John Locke. "Property and law are born together and die together.

"Before the laws, there was no property. Take away laws and property ceases."

Which English philosopher wrote those words in Principles Of The Civil Code?

Hume?

-Hume.

-No, it was Jeremy Bentham. Finally for five,

"In no country of the world is the love of property more active and more anxious than in the US."

Which Frenchman wrote those words in a work of 1835 entitled Democracy In America?

-Pass.

-That's De Tocqueville.

Ten points for this. Illustrating the concept basic to chaos theory

that some dynamic systems are highly sensitive to their initial conditions,

what term was popularised by Edward Lorenz to suggest the flapping...

-The butterfly effect.

-Right, yes.

Your bonuses, Goldsmiths, are on English words derived from Arabic.

Give the word from the definition.

Firstly, from an Arabic word meaning "reunion of broken parts",

the branch of mathematics that deals with the study of the rules of operations and relations?

WHISPERING

-Algebra.

-Correct. Secondly, from the name of a 9th century Persian mathematician,

a set of steps or instructions designed to solve a problem?

-Equation.

-No, it's an algorithm.

Finally, from an Arabic term referring to powdered antimony used as eye make-up,

a colourless, volatile liquid that may be used as an industrial solvent and as fuel?

-Alcohol.

-Correct.

A picture round now. For your starter, you'll see the insignia for a rank in the British Army.

Ten points if you can identify the rank.

-Colonel.

-That is a Colonel, yes.

Your bonuses, Leeds, are from the British armed forces.

I want the name of the rank depicted in each case.

Firstly...?

-Commodore.

-That's a Commodore in the Navy. And secondly...?

It might be Flight Lieutenant. I don't know.

-Flight Lieutenant?

-No, Wing Commander. And finally...?

Major General?

-Major General?

-No, that's too specific. That is a General.

Ten points for this. In 1914, at the age of 21, which Welsh composer found success

with his song Keep The Home Fires Burning?

His name has been given to the awards presented annually since 1955 for British music and song-writing.

-Ivor Novello.

-Correct.

Your bonuses this time are on Romulus and Remus, Goldsmiths.

Born, according to legend, in 770 BC, Romulus and Remus were the sons

of the mortal priestess Rhea Silvia and which Roman god?

Jupiter?

No, it's Mars. Through their mother, Romulus and Remus could trace their lineage back to which Trojan hero,

the son of the prince Anchises and the goddess Aphrodite?

-Priam.

-No, it's Aeneas.

On which of the seven hills of Rome did Romulus kill Remus?

-Pass.

-Palatine Hill. Ten points for this. Born in Kiel in 1858,

which physicist gives his name to the length scale

thought to represent the shortest distance between points in quantum gravity?

-Is it Planck?

-Planck is right, yes.

Your bonuses are on pollination of flowers.

Derived from the Greek meaning "closed marriage",

what term means a form of self-pollination within a permanently closed flower?

-Pass.

-Cleistogamy. The pollen of many orchids is transferred as a single agglutinated mass.

What name is given to the mass of pollen grains?

-Nectar?

-No, they're pollinium or pollinia.

And finally for a possible five, The Various Contrivances By Which Orchids Are Pollinated By Insects

is an 1862 work by which scientist?

-Darwin?

-It was Charles Darwin, yes.

Ten points for this. Ferdinand IV, King of Naples from 1759,

was reputed to disguise himself as a commoner to visit poorer parts of the city and consume what foodstuff?

-Pizza.

-Pizza is correct.

His wife didn't let him have it.

The pizza, that is.

Some bonuses on autobiographical works by Russian authors.

Published in the 1850s, the novels Childhood, Boyhood and Youth about the son of a wealthy landowner

are early, semi-autobiographical works by which Russian author?

WHISPERING

-Tolstoy.

-Correct. The House Of The Dead, published 1862 and concerning life in a Siberian labour camp,

is by which author, based in part on his own experiences of imprisonment for membership

of the Petrashevsky Circle of those opposed to Tsarism and serfdom?

-Dostoyevsky.

-Correct. In the memoir The Oak And The Calf, which Russian author describes his attempts

to get his novels, including Cancer Ward and The First Circle, published in his own country?

Um... Nominate Bennett.

-Solzhenitsyn.

-Solzhenitsyn is right, yes. Ten points for this.

What phenomenon is the apparent cause of death of the rag-and-bone dealer Krook

in Charles Dickens' Bleak House?

-Spontaneous combustion.

-Correct.

Your bonuses are on the decorative arts, Leeds.

His works including a five-metre-high sculpture

at the main entrance to the V&A Museum, the American artist Dale Chihuly works mainly in what medium?

-Architecture?

-No, it's glass. Which island in the Venetian Lagoon gives its name to the decorative glass

produced there since the 13th century when glass-blowers had to relocate from Venice

to reduce the fire risk to the city?

-Nominate Mannsaker.

-Murano.

-Murano is correct.

Including glass doors, panelling, a font and an altar cross created in the Art Deco style by Rene Lalique,

the Glass Church of St Matthew's is at Millbrook on which island?

WHISPERING

-Pass.

-It's on Jersey. Ten points for this.

"There is no female Mozart because there is no female Jack the Ripper."

These are the words of which self-styled, dissident feminist born Upstate New York in 1947?

Her works include Sexual Personae: Art And Decadence From Nefertiti To Emily Dickinson.

-Gloria Steinem?

-Anyone like to buzz from Leeds?

-Judith Butler?

-No, it's Camille Paglia. Ten points for this.

Sold for over £65 million in 2010,

The Walking Man or L'Homme Qui Marche is a sculpture of 1961 by which Swiss artist,

typifying his thin, elongated depictions of the human form?

-Giacometti.

-Giacometti is correct.

Your bonuses this time, which could give you the lead again, are on rabbits in peril.

Firstly, in Beatrix Potter's The Tale Of Peter Rabbit,

who owns the garden in which Peter's father met his demise, being put into a pie by the owner's wife?

CONFERRING

-Farmer Brown?

-No, it's Mr McGregor.

In Richard Adams' Watership Down, what is the name

of the rabbit warren run by the dictatorial General Woundwort

with whom Fiver, Hazel and their friends come into conflict?

-Any guesses?

-No.

-Pass.

-That's Efrafa.

Finally, a scene in which film of 1987 gave rise to the term "bunny-boiler"

for one who reacts negatively to the ending of an intimate relationship?

-Fatal Attraction.

-Correct.

We'll take a music round. For your starter, you'll hear an excerpt from a popular song released in 2008.

For 10 points, give me the name of both artists singing.

# Another ringer with the slick... #

-Jack White and Alicia Keys.

-It is.

That was Another Way To Die, also written by Jack White.

Three more songs written by him.

Name each song and the band performing, each of which also had him as a founding member. Firstly...

MUSIC BEGINS

-Steady As She Goes, The Raconteurs.

-Steady As She Goes, The Raconteurs.

Correct. Secondly...

# Wake me up when you're broke

# But only if it's broken

# You know, I treat you like a joke But you can't tell when I'm joking

# Can't tell... #

-Can't Tell I'm A Joker by The Dead Weather?

-It is The Dead Weather, but it's I Cut Like A Buffalo.

-5 points for this final one.

-# Everyone knows about it... #

-White Stripes, Seven Nation Army.

-Correct. Another starter question.

What mid-19th century English dialect term originally meant "to soak a wooden vessel"

and is now given to periods of excessive indulgence?

-Binge?

-Binge is right. Your bonuses this time are on geography.

In each case, give the next country whose territory you reach if you head due west

from the following EU capital cities. For example,

Madrid would give the answer Portugal, and Paris is Canada.

Firstly, for 5 points, Riga.

-Belarus?

-No, it's Sweden. Secondly, Valletta.

-Pass.

-That would be Tunisia. And, finally, Copenhagen.

-Britain.

-Yes, the UK. 10 points for this.

Following Slovenia in 2007, Cyprus and Malta in 2008 and Slovakia in 2009,

which country joined the Eurozone in January 2011?

-Estonia.

-Estonia is correct, yes.

Your bonuses are on biology. What Greek-derived adjective denotes

an organ or development of a foetus in other than the normal place?

-Ectopic?

-Correct.

An ectomycorrhiza is a symbiotic association of what two general types of organism?

Em...

-Is it a fungus and a plant?

-It is, yes.

And, finally, ectothermic animals are also known by what common two-word term?

-Warm-blooded.

-No, it's cold-blooded.

10 points for this. "In many ways, she reminds me of Enid Blyton.

"Her characters are ciphers, each one developed precisely as far as he or she needs to be

"for propulsion of the plot and no further." These words refer to which writer, born in 1890?

-Nancy Mitford?

-No.

Anyone want to buzz from Goldsmiths?

It's Agatha Christie. 10 points for this.

The title of a work of 1978 by the literary critic Edward Said,

what term has been defined as an academic discourse that creates a rigid east/west dichotomy...

-Orientalism.

-Correct, yes.

These bonuses could give you the lead again, Leeds. They're on events of the 1990s.

Which republic marked the 20th anniversary of its unification on 22nd May 2010?

-Is it Germany?

-No, it's Yemen. A so-called unification flag was first used in 1991

at the World Table Tennis and World Youth Football Championships,

which saw which two countries competing as a single team?

It's not a country.

-Pass.

-North and South Korea.

Which country holds an annual national holiday on 3rd October, celebrating its reunification

on that date in 1990?

-Come on.

-Germany.

-It is Germany, yes. Level pegging.

What three-word term was applied to several political coteries,

including the leadership of Pakistan's military dictatorship...

-Gang of Four?

-Correct. That gives you the lead.

Your bonuses are on invasive species. What is the common name of Lates Niloticus,

whose introduction to Lake Victoria from the 1950s has led to the possible extinction

of numerous endemic fish species?

-Let's have an answer, please.

-Pass.

-The Nile perch.

-Named after their hairy claws, which aggressive crabs have infested the Thames and other rivers?

-Pass.

Mitten crabs. Introduced to control Australia's greyback beetles,

what is the common two-word name of the pest Bufo Marinus?

-Cane toad?

-The cane toad?

-Cane toad is correct.

Another picture round now.

You'll see a portrait of a Queen Consort of Great Britain. 10 points if you can name her.

-Queen Mary?

-Queen Mary is right.

Wife of George V, originally of Teck.

After the death of George V, she became Queen Dowager,

the title given to Queens Consort whose husbands predecease them.

Three more portraits of English or British Queens Dowager.

5 points for each you can name. Firstly, for 5...

-Pass.

-That's Henrietta-Maria, widow of Charles I. Secondly...

-Catherine Howard?

-Elizabeth Woodville, Queen Consort to Edward IV. And finally...

-Pass.

-I'm surprised. Catherine of Braganza, consort to Charles II. Another starter.

In the SI system, the composite unit of one joule per Newton is more commonly expressed

as what base unit, 40 million of which approximately equal the Earth's circumference?

-Metre.

-Metre, yes. Well done.

-APPLAUSE

Your bonuses this time are on widows.

The Widow was a Victorian slang term for which drink?

-Gin?

-No, it's champagne.

In the 19th century, which fictional widow was named after a cheap grade of green tea with a ragged leaf,

perhaps implying that she was past her best?

-Pass.

-That's Widow Twankey. And, finally, the 2010 novel The Pregnant Widow, concerning

the 20-year-old literature student Keith Nearing, is by which writer?

-Pass.

-Martin Amis. An example of Shakespeare's infrequent use of a chorus,

which play opens with the invocation of, "A muse of fire that would ascend the brightest heaven..."

-Henry V.

-That is right. Your bonuses this time are on SI prefixes, Leeds.

The letters MM can be written with the initial letter either in upper case or lower case

to represent a decimal multiple and a submultiple of an SI unit of distance. Name both.

-Megametre and millimetre.

-Correct. The letters PM can represent which two units of distance,

depending on whether the initial letter is upper case or lower case?

-Picometre and petametre.

-Correct.

Which is the only Greek character to prefix the letter M to represent a unit of distance?

K?

No...

I think it's...

-Mu.

-Mu is right.

Five minutes to go.

What colloquial term for a person regarded as vacant or clueless is the three-digit number

of the world wide web error message...

-404.

-404 is correct.

Your bonuses are on railways.

In the names of UK stations, what railway-related term follows Smallbrook, Burscough,

Yeovil, Georgemas and around a dozen others?

-Park?

-No, it's Junction. Wales has three stations

whose names include the word "junction". For five points, name two of them.

-Cardiff and Newport?

-No, Dovey, Severn Tunnel and Llandudno.

Which south London junction is often said to be Europe's busiest station in terms of daily rail traffic?

-Clapham Junction?

-Correct. 10 points for this. When Neil Armstrong said in 1969 that the Moon surface

felt like crunchy snow underfoot,

he confirmed the 1964 prediction by which Dutch-born US astronomer?

-Patrick Moore?

-No(!)

-OK. I just...

Goldsmiths? One of you buzz? It's Kuiper.

What major river of South America has a name that rhymes with the light, playful style

of architecture and design that followed Baroque?

-Orinoco?

-Correct. Rhymes with Rococo.

Your bonuses are on archaeologists.

Leonard Woolley directed the excavations at what site in Mesopotamia in the 1920s?

He discovered the copper bull of the third millennium BC now on display at the British Museum.

-Babylon?

-No, it's Ur. Having surveyed Stonehenge, who turned to Egyptology from 1881?

He began by surveying Giza and excavating mounds of Tanis and Naucratis.

-Howard Carter?

-No, Flinders Petrie. Arthur Evans excavated the Bronze Age city of Knossos

and discovered the remains of the civilisation he gave what name?

-The Minoans.

-Correct. Another starter. What quantity pertaining to an unpowered projectile

is 5.02 kilometres a second on Mars, 2.37 on the Moon and...

-Acceleration due to gravity.

-No. ..and 11.18 on Earth?

-Wind resistance?

-No, it's escape velocity. 10 points for this.

Seymour, Buddy, Boo Boo, Walt, Waker, Zooey and Franny are the siblings of the Glass family...

-Salinger.

-JD Salinger is correct. Your bonuses now are on three-word expressions,

all three of whose words are the same length. For example, great white shark.

In each case, give the phrase from the explanation. The Arab-Israeli conflict of June, 1967?

-The Six Day War.

-Correct. The smallest province of Canada?

-Prince Edward Island.

-Correct. In computing, the three words represented by the acronym RAM?

-Random Access Memory.

-Correct.

A chess piece and the largest city of New Zealand form the two-word name of which market town,

midway between Durham and Darlington?

-Bishop Auckland.

-Correct. Your bonuses this time are on astrophysical objects.

What name is given to rapidly rotating neutron stars that emit electromagnetic radiation

usually at radio frequencies?

-Quasar.

-No, they're pulsars. What term indicates highly-magnetised pulsars emitting mainly X-rays

and gamma rays?

-Quasars?

-No, they're magnetars.

What term describes highly redshifted active galactic nuclei

-surrounding a supermassive black hole?

-I don't know.

-Come on.

-Say quasar!

-I don't think it is.

-Quasar?

-Those ARE quasars, yes!

-10 points for this...

-GONG

You had an early lead, Goldsmiths, but you tended to fade.

Thank you very much for joining us.

Leeds, 220 is a pretty good score. We shall see you in Round Two. Congratulations.

I hope you can join us next time, but until then it's goodbye from Goldsmith College, London,

goodbye from Leeds University

and it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.

Subtitles by Subtext for Red Bee Media Ltd - 2011

Email [email protected]