Episode 16 University Challenge

APPLAUSE

University Challenge.

Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.

Hello. Down but by no means out, yet anyway,

two more teams who lost their first-round matches,

but did so with scores equalling or exceeding

winning scores in other fixtures,

compete tonight for the last of the 16 places in the second round.

Now, the team from University College London

suffered only a very narrow defeat

at the hands of Trinity College, Oxford,

with 145-160 at the gong.

Strengths on that first outing included Henry I,

Alexander von Humboldt,

the Hughes Medal, and famous paintings at Holkham Hall.

With an average age of 22, let's meet the UCL team again.

Hi, I'm Tom. I'm from Whitchurch in Hampshire, and I'm studying history.

Hi, I'm Charlie.

I'm from Chelmsford and I'm studying for an MSc in neuroscience.

And this is their captain.

Hi, I'm Robert Gray, I'm from Kingston upon Thames,

and I'm doing a PhD in cell biology.

Hello, my name is Omar, I'm originally from Kabul,

and I study mathematics.

APPLAUSE

Now, it was also a close shave for St Hughes College, Oxford, in

their first-round match, and they, too, lost by a 15 point margin.

In their case to Emmanuel College, Cambridge.

Going to minus five on the first question perhaps wasn't helpful,

but they quickly redeemed themselves on quantum mechanics,

Allen Ginsberg,

and paintings of Westminster Bridge to have 155 points at the gong.

With an average age of 21, let's meet the St Hughes team again.

Hi, I'm Kazi Elias, I'm from Cambridge and I'm reading history.

Hi, I'm Euan Grainger, I'm from Shrewsbury in Shropshire,

and I'm studying biological sciences.

And here's their captain.

Hello, I'm Daniel De Wijze, I'm from Manchester,

and I'm studying earth sciences.

Hi, I'm Ed Mehigan, I'm originally from Washington DC,

and I'm studying for a Masters degree in art history.

APPLAUSE

Shall we just get on with it?

Fingers on the buzzers, here's your first starter for ten.

Quote, "A woman, especially if she had the misfortune of knowing

"anything, should conceal it as well as she can".

Who wrote those words in a novel published posthumously in 1818?

UCL, Allinson.

-Jane Austen.

-Correct.

That was in Northanger Abbey. You get a set of bonuses on birds, UCL.

"Spink" and "shelled apple" are dialect names for which bird?

Carl Linnaeus gave it the binomial Fringilla coelebs

after the Latin for "bachelor", when he observed that the female

migrates further south in winter than the male?

Fringilla...

Maybe a tern?

No, tern is Sternida, its Latin name. Something else. Not sparrow.

Swallow? It's not swallow.

Just say a bird, I don't know.

Swallow?

It's the chaffinch.

Which bird does Bottom refer to as the "ousel cock"

in A Midsummer Night's Dream?

It's also known poetically as the merle.

-Ousel cock could be like a peacock?

-Yes, peacock.

A Midsummer Night's Dream, there's a cockatoo?

-It could be a cuckoo.

-Cuckoo?

Cuckoo?

Cuckoo.

No, it's the blackbird.

Found in the west of mainland Britain,

the ring ouzel is a member of the family given what common name,

for which the Latin is Turdus?

-Oh, that's blackbirds and thrushes.

-Thrushes?

-Yes.

-Thrushes.

Thrush is correct, yes.

10 points for this.

In linguistics, what six letter term describes words such as kith,

wend, shrift and petard,

that occur only in set phrases or idioms,

and are otherwise obsolete?

In palaeontology, the same term denotes a relic of an organism

-buried and then permanently preserved, often in...

-UCL, Greg.

Fossil.

Fossil is correct.

These bonuses are on crime and punishment

in the Old Testament, UCL.

In which book of the Old Testament is it commanded,

"Do not plant your field with two kinds of seed",

and "Do not wear clothing woven of two kinds of material"?

It is the only book in the Bible named after a tribe of Israel.

Yes, Levi.

Leviticus.

Correct.

In the second book of Kings, the prophet Elisha is mocked

for his baldness by children from the town of Bethel.

As a punishment for this,

42 of the town's children were torn to pieces by what animals?

-Bears.

-Bears?

Correct.

In the book of Genesis, Canaan is rendered

"a servant of servants unto his brethren"

as punishment for the disrespectful actions of Ham,

towards which Biblical figure, who was also his father?

Wasn't Noah the father of Ham?

-Yes, I think so.

-Yes, I'm happy with that.

Noah?

Correct. 10 points for this.

Following the Armistice in November, 1918, troops of France

and which other country occupied the Rhineland town of Neustadt?

St Hughes, Elias.

Belgium.

No, you lose five points.

The king of the country in question, Rama VI, had declared war in 1917

in an attempt to escape unequal treaties imposed by Western powers.

UCL, Raii.

Italy.

No, it's Siam, or Thailand.

10 points for this starter question.

What six-letter word links the star also known as Alpha Geminorum,

the plant from which ricin is obtained, the genus of rodents...

-UCL, Dowell.

-Castor.

Castor is correct.

Your bonuses this time are on physics, UCL.

Born in 1824, which German physicist

coined the term black body radiation?

He gives his name to various laws applying to spectroscopy,

radiation, thermo-chemistry, and electric circuits.

Black body radiation...

Helmholtz, could be?

-Yes...

-Waves...

Yeah, I can't think of another one.

Helmholtz?

No, it's Gustav Kirchhoff.

According to one of Kirchhoff's laws of spectroscopy,

if light with a continuous spectrum passes through

a cool low-density gas, what type of spectrum is produced?

-Discrete spectrum?

-I don't know.

Discrete?

No, it's absorption.

Finally, Kirchhoff's current law of electric circuits says that the

sum of all currents in a set of wires that meet at a point

should add up to what?

It's the set of currents that leave...

Or, no... It's just zero, isn't it? Zero.

Zero is correct.

We're going to take a picture round now.

For your starter, you'll see a map of part of England and Wales.

10 points if you can identify the Metropolitan administrative

unit highlighted in green, named after its largest settlement.

UCL, Raii.

Bradford.

Bradford is correct, yes.

Your bonuses are three more of England's Metropolitan boroughs,

highlighted in green.

For five points, I simply need you to identify them. Firstly...

-Isn't that Lancashire?

-Sheffield?

No... East Lancashire.

-So it's East...

-Hebden Bridge?

What's in East Manchester?

-Let's have it please.

-Hebden Bridge?

No, that's the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham.

Secondly...

-That's Coventry. I think it's Coventry.

-OK.

You're from the region, you should know.

Coventry?

No, it's Solihull.

And, finally.

-That's Wirral.

-Are you sure it's not Liverpool?

-It's the Wirral, I'm pretty sure it's the Wirral.

-Are you sure?

-Wirral peninsular.

-OK.

-Go for it.

-The Wirral.

Correct. 10 points for this.

The code number nine and the descriptor "phenomenal",

corresponding to a height of over 14 metres,

is the largest value of a scale measuring what natural phenomenon?

UCL, Gray.

Waves?

Wave height at sea is correct, yes.

You're getting a set of bonuses this time on the biographer

Claire Tomalin.

Firstly, who was the subject of Claire Tomalin's first biography,

published in 1974?

The author of Thoughts On The Education Of Daughters,

she died in 1797, soon after the birth of her daughter Mary.

-Mary Wollstonecraft. Yes, Mary Wollstonecraft.

-How do you say it?

-Mary Wollstonecraft.

-Mary Wollstonecraft.

Correct.

Mrs Jordan's Profession concerns the actress Dora Jordan,

a paramour of which future king?

Together they had ten illegitimate children,

all of whom took the surname FitzClarence.

-I'm pretty sure it's William IV.

-Are you sure?

-Yes.

William IV.

Correct.

In The Invisible Woman, Claire Tomalin tells the story

of Nelly Ternan's relationship with which 19th-century novelist,

of whom Tomalin published a biography in 2011?

Isn't that Charles Dickens? Yes, that's quite likely.

-Yes, yes, it is Dickens.

-Dickens.

Correct.

So, we will take another starter question now.

"Economic control is not merely control of the sector

"of human life which can be separated from the rest,

"it is the control of the means for all our ends."

Which Nobel laureate made that argument against socialism

in his book the Road To Serfdom?

St Hughes, Mehigan?

Hayek.

Friedrich Hayek is correct.

Right, St Hughes, your bonuses are on memory.

In 1885, Hermann Ebbinghaus described what process as a curve?

The US psychologist Daniel Schachter later deemed it to be an

essential function of human memory, allowing it to work efficiently.

-Learning curve?

-Yes.

Learning curve?

No, it's forgetting.

Schachter described the ways in which memory formation

and retrieval can malfunction,

including misattribution and bias.

How many sins of memory did he detail in total?

INDISTINCT MUTTERING

-Seven sins.

-Seven?

It is seven, correct.

Which US psychologist discussed the unreliability of recovered memory

in The Formation Of False Memories,

her 1995 paper co-authored with Jacqueline Pickrell?

Pinker? It could be Pinker.

Pinker?

No, it was Elizabeth Loftus. 10 points for this.

Pathfinders, The Golden Age Of Arabic Science,

and Paradox, The Nine Greatest Enigmas In Physics,

are works by which scientist and broadcaster...

UCL, Gray.

Jim Al-Khalili.

Correct.

Right, your bonuses are on calques, or loan translations.

That is, words and expressions that originated in another language

and were translated into English.

Firstly, "loanword", "thought experiment", and "world view"

are terms that were originally translations from which language?

German.

Correct. "Brainwashed", "paper tiger", and "running dog"

are all translations of terms in which language?

I think it's Chinese because Mao called the country a paper tiger.

It sounds right. It sounds Chinese. Chinese.

Chinese is correct.

What language is the origin of loan translations,

including "free verse", "staircase wit",

and the name of the flower forget-me-not?

French because... It's French.

OK. French.

Correct. 10 points for this.

Originally used to refer to the practice of drawing

a person into marriage with someone regarded as socially inferior,

which verb is now more generally used to mean to undervalue,

or to lower in esteem?

St Hughes, Mehigan.

Sandbag.

No.

UCL, Dowell.

Discount?

No, it's disparage.

10 points for this.

In biochemistry,

which amino acid has a side chain with a structure CH2SH?

It's one of the building blocks of keratin.

UCL, Gray.

Cystine?

Correct.

These bonuses are on transuranium elements.

Discovered in 1974,

element number 106 was named after which US Nobel laureate?

He and his co-workers discovered eight transuranium elements

between 1941 and 55.

Seaborg.

-Are sure it's Seaborg?

-Seaborg.

Correct.

Atomic number 96, which element was discovered by Seaborg and his team

in 1944, and named after two other chemists

who'd done ground-breaking work in radioactivity?

-Curium.

-Correct.

And finally, for five points, produced in 1955

by the bombardment of Einsteinium with helium,

which actinoid was named after the Russian

who developed the periodic table?

Mendelevium.

Correct.

Right, we're going to do a music round.

For your music starter, you'll hear a piece of popular music.

10 points if you can identify the band.

# Continental drift divide...#

UCL, Raii.

REM.

Indeed it was REM, yes.

Now, according to Spotify, that song,

It's The End Of The World As We Know It,

experienced a significant increase in the number of listeners

the day after the 2016 US presidential election.

Your bonuses are three more songs that had a similar upsurge

in their number of Spotify listeners on November 9th, 2016.

Firstly, name either of the people listed as artists for this song.

# All around me are familiar faces... #

-Tears For Fears.

-Tears For Fears, yes.

There's two different... Mad World.

Yes, Tears For Fears is one of them.

Who was the other guy? I don't know the other guy.

Didn't he say either of them?

This recording.

Tears For Fears.

We don't know the guy, so we might as well say Tears For Fears.

Yes, fine. Tears For Fears.

It's Gary Jules and Michael Andrews, the two artists.

That's Mad World.

Secondly, name the artist on this song.

# How much a dollar really cost?

# The question is detrimental

# Paralysing my thoughts

# Parasites in my stomach keep me with a gut feeling...#

Kendrick Lamar.

Correct. And finally.

# Don't worry

# About a thing...#

Bob Marley.

Bob Marley and the Wailers is correct.

Right, 10 points for this. I need the precise three-word name here.

Players assume the role of a powerful wizard

-known as a Planeswalker in which...

-St Hughes, Mehigan.

Magic: The Gathering.

Magic: The Gathering is correct, yes.

So, your bonuses are on fiction, St Hughes.

"Ripe from experience and experience only",

and, "Try to be one of the people on whom nothing is lost".

These are the words of which novelist in his 1884 essay,

The Art Of Fiction?

INDISTINCT SPEECH

-No. No. No idea?

-No.

-Pass.

-It's Henry James.

The Theory Of The Novel is a 1916 work by which Hungarian-born

literary critic and Marxist philosopher?

His other books include Soul And Form,

and History And Class Consciousness.

-Lukacs?

-I'll nominate you.

-Yes.

-Nominate Elias.

-Lukacs.

Lukacs is correct.

Based on a series of lectures he gave at Cambridge University,

Aspects Of The Novel is a 1927 work by which novelist?

Cambridge, 1927.

-Cambridge...

-I don't know.

Yeah, we don't know. Sorry.

That was E M Forster. 10 points for this.

The string quartet From My Life, featuring in its final

movement a sustained, shrill note said to represent

the onset of deafness, is an autobiographical piece of...

-Smetana.

-Smetana is correct.

APPLAUSE

You get a set of bonuses on painting and photography, St Hugh's.

The work of the British fashion photographer Corinne Day

includes a series of images that appeared in the July 1990

issue of The Face magazine.

Whose career was launched by these photographs?

1990. Twiggy?

-Kate Moss or is that too early?

-Kate Moss?

-Kate Moss.

-Kate Moss is correct.

Which British pop artist created Kate,

a 2013 photo collage featuring numerous images of Kate Moss?

British. No idea.

-Hirst?

-Yeah?

-Damien Hirst.

-Damien Hirst.

-No, it was Peter Blake.

In 2005, which painter's portrait of Moss as a pregnant

and reclining nude sold for £3.9 million at auction?

I don't know. Leibovitz.

-Leibovitz.

-No, it was Lucian Freud. 10 points for this.

Born in 1853, which Dutch physicist gives his name to the force

exerted on a moving electric charge by magnetic...

Lorentz.

Lorentz is correct. You get a set of bonuses this time

on plastics and their recycling codes.

In each case, name the plastic from the description.

You can give me the full name or the abbreviation.

Firstly, recycling code 1, used in bottles for water and soft drinks.

Polyethylene, I think. Yeah, polyethylene.

Polyethylene.

Polyethylene terephthalate or polythene. I'll accept that.

Recycling code 3, used in window frames and water pipes secondly.

-Perspex.

-Yeah. Perspex, right? You sure?

-Water pipes?

-Well, it's used in windows.

Yeah, OK. Perspex?

No, it's PVC.

And finally, recycling code 6, used in rigid packaging,

costume jewellery and CD cases.

CD cases...

Costume jewellery...

Acrylic? Acrylate?

-Acrylate.

-Acrylate?

-Yeah, I think so.

-Acrylate.

No, it's PS or polystyrene. 10 points for this.

What is the first adjective in John Keats's Ode To Autumn?

It precedes the word fruitfulness.

-Mellow.

-Mellow is correct, yes. APPLAUSE

You get a set of bonuses on American musicals of the 2010s.

Firstly for five points,

which winner of the 2015 Tony award for Best Musical is

based on the graphic memoir

of the same name by the cartoonist Alison Bechdel?

-I can't get that, to be honest.

-Musical...

-Ideas?

-No ideas, yeah.

-We don't know.

-I'm afraid we don't know.

It's Fun Home.

Secondly, beset by production difficulties and injuries to

performers, and with music and lyrics by Bono and The Edge,

a musical based on which Marvel comic character

opened officially in 2011?

-Spider-Man.

-Correct.

Elder Price and Elder Cunningham are missionaries in Uganda

in which musical?

Its songs include I Believe and Joseph Smith, American Moses.

-Book Of Mormon. Book Of Mormon.

-The Book Of Mormon.

The Book Of Mormon is correct.

We're going to take another picture round.

For your picture starter you'll see a photograph of an actor.

10 points if you can identify him, please.

-John Hurt.

-John Hurt is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

He died in January 2017.

For your picture bonuses I want you to identify three of Hurt's

notable film and television roles.

For the points I'll need both the name of the character

and the title of the film or television series in question.

Firstly for five.

It's 1984 and Winston Smith. Winston Smith, yeah. Winston Smith, 1984.

-Yeah.

-That's definitely it.

-Winston Smith in 1984.

-Correct. Secondly.

I, Claudius? Is that I, Claudius. Is it not Caligula?

-It's I, Claudius, yes.

-Who did he play?

-Which one is him?

-Derek Jacobi is Claudius, so it's not him.

-Caligula then?

-Caligula.

-He looks sickly. Say that.

-Yeah. Yeah, OK.

Caligula in I, Claudius.

Correct. Finally.

-Yes, Quentin Crisp, The Naked Civil Servant.

-Nice.

-Quentin Crisp in The Naked Civil Servant.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

10 points for this.

Chicken noodle, cream of mushroom

and split pea appear together in the context of the work of which artist?

-Andy Warhol.

-Correct. APPLAUSE

You get a set of bonuses on biochemistry, UCL.

What name is commonly given to carboxylic acids that

consist of a carboxyl group attached to a hydrocarbon chain?

Examples include stearic acid and linoleic acid.

-Fatty acids.

-Correct.

What adjective is applied to fatty acids that contain at least one

carbon-carbon double bond?

Unsaturated. Yeah.

-Unsaturated.

-Correct.

What is the common name of the unsaturated fatty acid that is

the primary constituent of olive oil?

Oleic acid.

-Oleic acid.

-Correct. 10 points for this.

In measuring length,

how many pico meters are there in an angstrom?

-100.

-Correct.

Your bonuses this time, UCL, are on France.

In each case, give the predominant cardinal direction

in which one would travel in the shortest straight line

from the first city to the second.

For example, Calais to Paris is south.

Firstly, Dijon to Lyon.

South east? Where is Dijon?

It will be south west, I think. You sure?

Just north, south, east and west?

Lyon is very south.

-Lyon is south, but Dijon is point south even more.

-OK.

South east, surely?

-Is it a wine region, Dijon?

-Shall we just say south?

-South east. South.

-Come on, let's have it.

-South.

South is correct.

Secondly, Aix-en-Provence to Montpellier.

Montpelier is right at the... South.

Aix-en-Provence is also... That's, like, central south.

-It's west.

-West.

-West is correct.

Finally, Rouen to Dieppe.

Dieppe is near Belgium.

-Rouen is north, isn't it? Dieppe is like Brittany.

-OK, east.

No, it's north.

-Sorry.

-Right, there's five minutes to go and 10 points for this.

"Star and Key of the Indian Ocean" is a motto that

appears in Latin on the coat of arms of which island nation?

-The Maldives.

-No, you lose five points.

Along with a sambur deer and an extinct flightless bird.

-Mauritius.

-Mauritius is correct, yes.

So you get a set of bonuses, St Hugh's, on Scotland.

In each case, give the council area whose name

corresponds to the following.

Firstly, a title of Norse earls, including Sigurd the Stout

and Magnus the Martyr.

THEY WHISPER

-I don't know.

-Jarl.

-No, it's Orkney.

Secondly, the city that is part of the title of the 19th-century Prime

Minister George Hamilton-Gordon who involved Britain in the Crimean War.

Wasn't Cardigan involved in the Crimean War?

-Wasn't the Earl of Cardigan who was involved...?

-Yeah?

-Is that the city?

-Cardigan.

-No, it's Aberdeen.

And finally, in Shakespeare's Macbeth, Macduff was

Thane of which historic county, now a council area?

-Cawdor.

-No, it's Fife. 10 points for this.

In set expressions, what five-letter word may precede coat,

copy, house, passage...?

-Waist.

-No, you lose five points. ..passage, tongue and diamond?

-Blood.

-No, it's rough. 10 points for this.

In 1284, which Welsh castle was the birthplace of the future

King Edward the...?

-Caernarfon.

-Caernarfon is correct.

Your bonuses are on managers of the England national football team.

In each case, name the manager whose final match in charge is described.

Firstly, a 0-0 draw in a friendly against Portugal

in Lisbon in 1974.

'74... It'd be Alf Ramsey.

-Alf Ramsey.

-Correct.

Secondly, a 0-0 draw in a World Cup match

against Spain in Madrid in 1982.

Bobby Robson, no?

No, before him.

Winter something?

Winterbottom. Winterbottom. It could be Greenwood.

That was before Ramsey. I don't know.

-Shall we go Winterbottom?

-Is that a manager?

-I think he was.

-Winterbottom?

No, it's Ron Greenwood.

And finally, a 0-0 draw and defeat in a penalty shoot out

in a World Cup match against Portugal in Gelsenkirchen in 2006.

-Yeah. Sven-Goran Eriksson.

-Correct.

Two minutes to go, 10 points for this.

Which country's national cricket team became a Test-playing

nation in 2000 and beat England for the first time in October...?

-Bangladesh.

-Bangladesh is correct.

You get a set of bonuses on 12th century authors.

In each case, give the place name primarily associated with

each of the following. Firstly, The History Of The Kings Of Britain.

A somewhat fanciful chronicle by Geoffrey of which town in Wales?

Monmouth.

-Monmouth.

-Monmouth is right.

The History Of The English People is by Henry of which

town in eastern England?

Norwich? Canterbury...

East of England. Norwich is good.

-Norwich?

-No, it's Huntingdon.

And finally, The Deeds Of The English Kings is

by William of which abbey in Wiltshire?

-Ockham.

-No, no, no.

It could be, but is that...?

An abbey in Wiltshire...

-Come on.

-Ockham?

No, it's Malmesbury. 10 points for this.

In atmospheric science,

a Dobson spectrophotometer

measures the concentration of what inorganic...?

-Ozone.

-Ozone is correct.

You get a set of bonuses this time

on chemists born in the Russian Empire.

Working on coal gas derivatives in 1879, Constantine Fahlberg

was a co-discoverer of which artificial sweetener?

-I don't know.

-Come on.

-Aspartame?

No, it's saccharin.

Born in the Russian Empire in 1796,

Karl Karlovich Klaus discovered which

element, the last of the platinum group to be isolated and identified?

-Iridium.

-Iridium.

No, it's ruthenium.

And finally, noted for his research on aldehydes, who composed the

tone poem In The Steppes Of Central Asia and the opera Prince Igor?

-Borodin.

-OK. Yeah.

-Borodin.

-Borodin is correct... GONG

..and at the gong, St Hugh's College, Oxford have 45,

but University College London have 315.

APPLAUSE

Well, I'm afraid you took a bit of a whipping there, St Hugh's, didn't you?

But never mind you were up against very strong

opposition and thank you very much for joining us.

UCL, terrific, storming performance from you.

We shall see you again in the next stage of the competition.

I hope you can join us next time for the start of the second round

matches, but until then, it's goodbye from St Hugh's College, Oxford.

-ALL:

-Goodbye.

-It's goodbye from University College London. ALL:

-Goodbye.

And it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.