Ciwba Yr Ynys
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Transcript
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|---|---|---|---|
-888 | 0:00:00 | 0:00:00 | |
-888 - -888 | 0:00:00 | 0:00:02 | |
-Every island -transports you to another world. | 0:00:07 | 0:00:11 | |
-Where natural life and the nature -of life have evolved... | 0:00:13 | 0:00:17 | |
-..in their own unique way. | 0:00:18 | 0:00:20 | |
-But due to the pressures of the -modern world, the tide is turning. | 0:00:22 | 0:00:26 | |
-For better... | 0:00:29 | 0:00:31 | |
-..and for worse. | 0:00:31 | 0:00:33 | |
-In this series, we meet islanders -all over the world. | 0:00:36 | 0:00:40 | |
-Those who are proud of their -history, who cling to their customs. | 0:00:44 | 0:00:48 | |
-Those who are patriotic. | 0:00:51 | 0:00:53 | |
-But the globalization -of the world... | 0:00:56 | 0:00:59 | |
-..has made it impossible -for islanders to stand alone. | 0:00:59 | 0:01:03 | |
-In many ways, these shores... | 0:01:06 | 0:01:08 | |
-..are leading the battle -to save the planet. | 0:01:09 | 0:01:12 | |
-The island's fate -is critical to us all. | 0:01:13 | 0:01:17 | |
-The unique Caribbean island of Cuba -has always enchanted me. | 0:01:37 | 0:01:42 | |
-Cuba is the country of Castro... | 0:01:49 | 0:01:51 | |
-..communism, cocktails, -cigars and Cadillacs. | 0:01:51 | 0:01:55 | |
-It has an interesting history, -and the past can be seen everywhere. | 0:01:55 | 0:02:00 | |
-But time doesn't stand still - -not even in Cuba. | 0:02:00 | 0:02:04 | |
-Vamos. | 0:02:04 | 0:02:05 | |
-I've always wanted to come here. | 0:02:12 | 0:02:14 | |
-I love its history -and I speak Spanish. | 0:02:15 | 0:02:18 | |
-I've long been a fan of its music. | 0:02:19 | 0:02:21 | |
-Muy bien! Muy bien! | 0:02:22 | 0:02:24 | |
-The dream of an equal, socialist -society has always interested me. | 0:02:24 | 0:02:29 | |
-But I've heard -that Cuba is changing. | 0:02:33 | 0:02:36 | |
-Is the old way of life disappearing? | 0:02:36 | 0:02:39 | |
-Are the old heroes less popular -these days? | 0:02:39 | 0:02:42 | |
-Over there on that hill -is where Che Guevara lived in Cuba. | 0:02:42 | 0:02:47 | |
-Che Guevara, Fidel... | 0:02:47 | 0:02:50 | |
-..Raul. | 0:02:50 | 0:02:52 | |
-The men who brought communism -to Cuba are still familiar. | 0:02:52 | 0:02:56 | |
-But more than half a century -has passed since their heyday. | 0:02:58 | 0:03:02 | |
-Fidel Castro -led a socialist revolt in Cuba... | 0:03:06 | 0:03:10 | |
-..in 1959... | 0:03:10 | 0:03:12 | |
-..turning it into the world's -only communist island. | 0:03:12 | 0:03:16 | |
-Since gaining power, Fidel -has withstood the world's efforts... | 0:03:20 | 0:03:24 | |
-..to overthrow him. | 0:03:25 | 0:03:27 | |
-Many Cubans -are still faithful to him... | 0:03:27 | 0:03:31 | |
-..and his vision. | 0:03:31 | 0:03:33 | |
-I've come to meet the people -who are products of that vision. | 0:03:38 | 0:03:42 | |
-People who, despite every -difficulty, are trying to excel. | 0:03:43 | 0:03:48 | |
-Those who are true to their faith, -even in adversity. | 0:03:50 | 0:03:53 | |
-Although Fidel -is still regarded as a hero... | 0:03:56 | 0:04:00 | |
-..his brother, Raul, -now leads Cuba into the future. | 0:04:00 | 0:04:03 | |
-He promises to reform the regime... | 0:04:05 | 0:04:08 | |
-..and improve living standards. | 0:04:08 | 0:04:10 | |
-But could the compromise -destroy communism in Cuba? | 0:04:11 | 0:04:15 | |
-These days, the island -welcomes overseas tourists. | 0:04:18 | 0:04:22 | |
-Our money revives the economy. | 0:04:23 | 0:04:26 | |
-But our presence here -is also a problem. | 0:04:30 | 0:04:33 | |
-Capitalism, which has been -a dirty word for decades... | 0:04:34 | 0:04:38 | |
-..is starting to emerge. | 0:04:38 | 0:04:40 | |
-Rather than being stuck in the past, -is Cuba about to change for good? | 0:04:41 | 0:04:46 | |
-And in haste? | 0:04:46 | 0:04:48 | |
-Havana is one of the liveliest -cities in the world. | 0:05:01 | 0:05:04 | |
-It's hot here, and pretty, -and it's full of surprises. | 0:05:06 | 0:05:10 | |
-There is culture and history -on every street corner. | 0:05:14 | 0:05:19 | |
-But in my opinion, the best thing -about Havana is its people. | 0:05:20 | 0:05:25 | |
-They love their country... | 0:05:27 | 0:05:30 | |
-..and make the most of their lives. | 0:05:30 | 0:05:33 | |
-Sometimes they smile -and often they dance. | 0:05:38 | 0:05:41 | |
-During the past half a century... | 0:05:46 | 0:05:51 | |
-..they've also had to be inventive -to overcome difficulties. | 0:05:51 | 0:05:56 | |
-While some have praised Fidel -for introducing communism... | 0:06:00 | 0:06:05 | |
-..and stability to Cuba... | 0:06:06 | 0:06:08 | |
-..others have shunned him. | 0:06:08 | 0:06:10 | |
-The campaign against him is led -by the United States of America. | 0:06:16 | 0:06:21 | |
-Florida is only 100 miles away -in that direction. | 0:06:23 | 0:06:27 | |
-But the politics of America and Cuba -are poles apart. | 0:06:27 | 0:06:31 | |
-For half a century, -America has tried to destroy Castro. | 0:06:32 | 0:06:36 | |
-But despite their efforts, -they have failed up to now. | 0:06:36 | 0:06:40 | |
-America imposed an embargo -on Cuba... | 0:06:43 | 0:06:46 | |
-..and tried to thwart -international trade links. | 0:06:46 | 0:06:50 | |
-In the beginning, Fidel found -a way around the embargo problem. | 0:06:53 | 0:06:57 | |
-He established links with the USSR, -America's arch-rival... | 0:06:59 | 0:07:03 | |
-..relying on the Soviets to supply -fuel, food and medical supplies. | 0:07:04 | 0:07:08 | |
-Everything the islanders needed. | 0:07:08 | 0:07:11 | |
-Then their lives changed. | 0:07:13 | 0:07:16 | |
-In 1991, the Soviet Union collapsed. | 0:07:20 | 0:07:23 | |
-A black cloud -descended over Cuba's economy. | 0:07:26 | 0:07:29 | |
-It was the dawning of a new era -referred to as "Periodo Especial". | 0:07:29 | 0:07:34 | |
-A special period -in the island's history. | 0:07:35 | 0:07:38 | |
-Without basic necessities from -Russia, goods were in short supply. | 0:07:43 | 0:07:47 | |
-The economy collapsed -and the islanders faced a famine. | 0:07:47 | 0:07:52 | |
-Fidel acknowledged he would have -to veer in a new direction. | 0:07:59 | 0:08:03 | |
-He invited tourists into Cuba -to spend their wealth. | 0:08:03 | 0:08:10 | |
-For the first time in centuries... | 0:08:12 | 0:08:14 | |
-..islanders came face to face -with people from the mainland. | 0:08:14 | 0:08:19 | |
-But how could Cuba cater -for tourists and their foreign ways? | 0:08:19 | 0:08:24 | |
-There was a shortage of restaurants -in Havana. | 0:08:28 | 0:08:31 | |
-So Fidel gave people special -permission to open restaurants... | 0:08:34 | 0:08:38 | |
-..known as paladares -in their own homes. | 0:08:39 | 0:08:42 | |
-Elizabeth Mantero -and her son, Lazaro... | 0:08:45 | 0:08:48 | |
-..took advantage -of the opportunity. | 0:08:49 | 0:08:51 | |
-In 1995, they transformed -their front room... | 0:08:51 | 0:08:55 | |
-..and opened a restaurant -called Los Amigos. | 0:08:55 | 0:09:00 | |
-THEY SPEAK SPANISH | 0:09:00 | 0:09:02 | |
-Elizabeth says that the menu -offers traditional Cuban food. | 0:09:06 | 0:09:10 | |
-Chicken, beans and rice. | 0:09:10 | 0:09:12 | |
-But when Los Amigos first opened... | 0:09:12 | 0:09:16 | |
-..Cuba was still reeling -from the Special Period. | 0:09:16 | 0:09:20 | |
-It was difficult for Elizabeth -and Lazaro to feed themselves... | 0:09:22 | 0:09:27 | |
-..let alone customers. | 0:09:27 | 0:09:29 | |
-During this time, -Lazaro lost four stone in weight. | 0:09:31 | 0:09:36 | |
-Today, the situation -has improved greatly. | 0:09:42 | 0:09:45 | |
-But there are still restrictions -when buying ingredients. | 0:09:47 | 0:09:51 | |
-The government dictates that -she shops in state-owned markets... | 0:09:52 | 0:09:57 | |
-..although vegetables -are far more expensive here. | 0:09:58 | 0:10:01 | |
-Elizabeth -also has to buy meat wisely. | 0:10:06 | 0:10:08 | |
-She's only allowed pork and chicken. | 0:10:10 | 0:10:12 | |
-Every cow in Cuba -belongs to the government. | 0:10:15 | 0:10:18 | |
-Steak is only served -in state-run restaurants. | 0:10:18 | 0:10:21 | |
-If Elizabeth were to serve beef -at Los Amigos... | 0:10:24 | 0:10:27 | |
-..she could be sent to prison. | 0:10:28 | 0:10:30 | |
-But at least nowadays she can buy -a variety of fresh ingredients... | 0:10:33 | 0:10:38 | |
-..and cook a wide range of dishes. | 0:10:38 | 0:10:41 | |
-Chicken soup -is today's dish of the day... | 0:10:47 | 0:10:50 | |
-..along with the biggest avocado -I've ever seen. | 0:10:54 | 0:10:57 | |
-Es muy grande! | 0:10:57 | 0:10:59 | |
-To make things -even more difficult... | 0:10:59 | 0:11:02 | |
-..the government prohibits paladares -from advertising. | 0:11:02 | 0:11:06 | |
-It is only by word of mouth that the -restaurant attracts its customers. | 0:11:07 | 0:11:12 | |
-The service and the kitchen -must always be at their best. | 0:11:12 | 0:11:16 | |
-Luckily, I'm not cooking. | 0:11:23 | 0:11:25 | |
-There's always a queue -waiting for a table at Los Amigos. | 0:11:31 | 0:11:34 | |
-People who are keen to taste -authentic home-cooked food. | 0:11:35 | 0:11:39 | |
-But not every business on the island -is restricted by the government. | 0:11:43 | 0:11:48 | |
-A few hours from Havana by car, -a different kind of Cuba awaits me. | 0:11:52 | 0:11:56 | |
-The rules are different here... | 0:11:58 | 0:12:01 | |
-..and it's a different world. | 0:12:01 | 0:12:03 | |
-. | 0:12:06 | 0:12:06 | |
-888 | 0:12:10 | 0:12:10 | |
-888 - -888 | 0:12:10 | 0:12:12 | |
-The coastal resort of Varadero -lies 130 kilometres east of Havana. | 0:12:15 | 0:12:20 | |
-Every year, over a million people -visit its wonderful beaches. | 0:12:25 | 0:12:30 | |
-Though I'm not a fan -of sunbathing... | 0:12:31 | 0:12:34 | |
-..I can see the appeal. | 0:12:34 | 0:12:36 | |
-If you like beach holidays, -then Varadero would be paradise. | 0:12:36 | 0:12:42 | |
-Beyond the beaches, -you'll find another reason... | 0:12:45 | 0:12:48 | |
-..for Varadero's popularity. | 0:12:49 | 0:12:51 | |
-This is where Cuba's -grandest hotels are situated. | 0:12:54 | 0:12:58 | |
-The all-inclusive hotels -are owned by foreign companies. | 0:13:01 | 0:13:05 | |
-But Cuba's government -owns the land... | 0:13:09 | 0:13:12 | |
-..and charges the hoteliers -a high price. | 0:13:12 | 0:13:16 | |
-Capitalist schemes such as this -help to sustain communism in Cuba. | 0:13:17 | 0:13:23 | |
-Without the revenue from tourism... | 0:13:26 | 0:13:30 | |
-..the island's economy -would collapse. | 0:13:30 | 0:13:33 | |
-Beyond the luxury hotels... | 0:13:35 | 0:13:37 | |
-..is a very different community. | 0:13:40 | 0:13:43 | |
-In the old town, the residents -go about their everyday lives. | 0:13:46 | 0:13:50 | |
-They receive all kinds of benefits -from the government. | 0:13:54 | 0:13:58 | |
-Ration shops provide the essentials. | 0:14:01 | 0:14:04 | |
-Bread, sugar and fresh eggs. | 0:14:04 | 0:14:07 | |
-Supplies to keep the wolf -from the door. | 0:14:07 | 0:14:10 | |
-Tourists rarely see this side -of Castro's paradise. | 0:14:13 | 0:14:18 | |
-The ordinary townspeople aren't -allowed into the grand hotels. | 0:14:18 | 0:14:23 | |
-Security guards patrol the gates... | 0:14:23 | 0:14:26 | |
-..and keep the rich and poor apart. | 0:14:26 | 0:14:29 | |
-But some people have found a way -around the rules. | 0:14:33 | 0:14:37 | |
-One man who's building a new future -for himself is Rafael Calderon. | 0:14:37 | 0:14:43 | |
-He has been granted a special -licence to sell crafts to tourists. | 0:14:45 | 0:14:50 | |
-Rafael comes to the beach daily -to make money selling souvenirs. | 0:14:57 | 0:15:01 | |
-Or, in this case, to show me... | 0:15:04 | 0:15:06 | |
-..how to make a hat -from palm leaves. | 0:15:07 | 0:15:10 | |
-It's not easy. | 0:15:14 | 0:15:15 | |
-SHE SPEAKS SPANISH | 0:15:16 | 0:15:18 | |
-Rafael has practised his craft -since he was five years old. | 0:15:23 | 0:15:28 | |
-A native of Varadero, he remembers -it as a fishing village. | 0:15:33 | 0:15:38 | |
-He tells me -the place has changed significantly. | 0:15:38 | 0:15:42 | |
-Varadero is now Cuba's -prime destination for tourists. | 0:15:45 | 0:15:49 | |
-THEY SPEAK SPANISH | 0:15:50 | 0:15:52 | |
-People come here from Europe, South -America, Italy, Britain, Germany. | 0:15:54 | 0:15:59 | |
-From all over. | 0:15:59 | 0:16:01 | |
-Despite the change, Rafael is glad -that he's able to earn a living. | 0:16:01 | 0:16:07 | |
-People like him -keep the tourists happy... | 0:16:07 | 0:16:11 | |
-..and keep Cuba's economy afloat. | 0:16:13 | 0:16:17 | |
-But I'm looking for something other -than the luxury of Varadero. | 0:16:19 | 0:16:23 | |
-MAN SINGS IN SPANISH | 0:16:25 | 0:16:27 | |
-I want to experience the cultured -Cuba I've heard so much about. | 0:16:33 | 0:16:38 | |
-Back in the capital, Havana, -I find it... | 0:16:41 | 0:16:44 | |
-..around every corner. | 0:16:44 | 0:16:48 | |
-Cuba has a unique -musical tradition. | 0:16:53 | 0:16:56 | |
-The city echoes to songs and rhythms -from Africa and Spain. | 0:16:56 | 0:17:02 | |
-In Cuba, people dance -with incredible vigour. | 0:17:04 | 0:17:07 | |
-They can also move gracefully... | 0:17:18 | 0:17:20 | |
-..and with discipline. | 0:17:21 | 0:17:23 | |
-GENTLE PIANO MUSIC | 0:17:24 | 0:17:26 | |
-Classical ballet is -an important part of Cuban culture. | 0:17:27 | 0:17:31 | |
-As with many other things, -ballet came from the Soviet Union. | 0:17:36 | 0:17:41 | |
-Ordinary folk -have embraced the dance. | 0:17:42 | 0:17:45 | |
-Alberto Lorenzo is a teacher -at the Cuban National Ballet School. | 0:17:50 | 0:17:56 | |
-It's the largest academy of its kind -in the world. | 0:17:57 | 0:18:01 | |
-The standard is exceptionally high. | 0:18:03 | 0:18:05 | |
-Alberto tells me that Cuban people -are proud of their ballet tradition. | 0:18:08 | 0:18:13 | |
-This is the island's -most important art. | 0:18:13 | 0:18:16 | |
-It's one of the few things in Cuba -that can be exported. | 0:18:16 | 0:18:20 | |
-Alberto is a former pupil. | 0:18:24 | 0:18:26 | |
-He started training at the age -of 21, which is old in ballet terms. | 0:18:28 | 0:18:32 | |
-Nowadays, most children begin -at nine years of age. | 0:18:33 | 0:18:37 | |
-The academy is special because the -girls and boys start at a young age. | 0:18:38 | 0:18:43 | |
-Dance isn't the only subject taught. | 0:18:49 | 0:18:53 | |
-Pupils also receive -academic tuition. | 0:18:53 | 0:18:57 | |
-SHE SPEAKS SPANISH | 0:18:57 | 0:18:59 | |
-They look so lovely. | 0:19:02 | 0:19:04 | |
-There's a contented atmosphere here. | 0:19:04 | 0:19:07 | |
-It's a pleasant environment. | 0:19:07 | 0:19:10 | |
-I think we'd better go. | 0:19:13 | 0:19:15 | |
-With dedication, -these children will go far. | 0:19:18 | 0:19:21 | |
-One boy who's reaching for the stars -is Victor Estevez. | 0:19:28 | 0:19:32 | |
-The 17-year-old is a gifted pupil. | 0:19:36 | 0:19:39 | |
-Originally from Camaguey -in the south... | 0:19:39 | 0:19:42 | |
-..his family persuaded him -to move 500km to Havana to study. | 0:19:43 | 0:19:47 | |
-He tells me that the idea came -from his uncle, a former dancer. | 0:19:52 | 0:19:57 | |
-He recognized Victor's potential. | 0:19:57 | 0:20:00 | |
-Victor is just one of the hundreds -of boys studying at the academy. | 0:20:06 | 0:20:11 | |
-In Cuba, there is no stigma attached -to male ballet dancers. | 0:20:15 | 0:20:19 | |
-It's even considered macho here. | 0:20:20 | 0:20:23 | |
-It's little wonder when pain -is an integral part of the process. | 0:20:27 | 0:20:32 | |
-As I find out for myself. | 0:20:32 | 0:20:35 | |
-Alberto has persuaded me -to have a ballet lesson with Victor. | 0:20:38 | 0:20:42 | |
-I had ballet lessons as a child -but I've never worn pointes. | 0:20:45 | 0:20:49 | |
-It's a shock to the system. | 0:20:49 | 0:20:51 | |
-Ouch! | 0:20:55 | 0:20:56 | |
-SHE SPEAKS SPANISH | 0:20:57 | 0:20:59 | |
-It's a real sacrifice! | 0:21:02 | 0:21:04 | |
-Ouch! | 0:21:04 | 0:21:06 | |
-Sore feet are just one thing Victor -has to suffer if he is to succeed. | 0:21:08 | 0:21:13 | |
-The academy's halls of residence -are located five miles away. | 0:21:18 | 0:21:22 | |
-This is Victor's home -for the time being. | 0:21:24 | 0:21:27 | |
-It looks more like an army barracks. | 0:21:28 | 0:21:30 | |
-After being woken at 5.00am... | 0:21:35 | 0:21:37 | |
-..a nurse takes the temperature -of every pupil... | 0:21:37 | 0:21:41 | |
-..to make sure -they're all fit and healthy. | 0:21:42 | 0:21:45 | |
-The state pays for the pupils' food, -clothes and accommodation... | 0:21:47 | 0:21:52 | |
-..but it's inevitable -that Victor misses his parents. | 0:21:52 | 0:21:56 | |
-They are only able to visit him... | 0:21:58 | 0:22:00 | |
-..during the ballet festival, -but he returns home... | 0:22:01 | 0:22:04 | |
-..whenever he gets the chance. | 0:22:05 | 0:22:07 | |
-After travelling across the city... | 0:22:12 | 0:22:14 | |
-..Victor usually starts his lessons -at 6.00am... | 0:22:15 | 0:22:19 | |
-..six days a week. | 0:22:19 | 0:22:21 | |
-Today, he faces -a different challenge. | 0:22:23 | 0:22:27 | |
-He's giving me a ballet lesson. | 0:22:32 | 0:22:34 | |
-PIANO MUSIC | 0:22:43 | 0:22:45 | |
-Very good. | 0:23:11 | 0:23:12 | |
-SHE SPEAKS SPANISH | 0:23:13 | 0:23:15 | |
-I'm as red as a beetroot -after only a few minutes... | 0:23:17 | 0:23:21 | |
-..in the sweltering heat -of the studio. | 0:23:21 | 0:23:24 | |
-But Victor dances -up to eight hours a day. | 0:23:24 | 0:23:27 | |
-SHE SPEAKS SPANISH | 0:23:27 | 0:23:29 | |
-He says he enjoys every minute, -and that he loves ballet. | 0:23:32 | 0:23:36 | |
-For him, it doesn't feel like work. | 0:23:37 | 0:23:39 | |
-He has another reason -for persevering. | 0:23:42 | 0:23:45 | |
-If he succeeds -as a professional dancer... | 0:23:51 | 0:23:54 | |
-..he'll get to travel the world. | 0:23:54 | 0:23:57 | |
-There's no doubt -that Cubans lack material wealth... | 0:24:02 | 0:24:06 | |
-..but there are advantages -to living in a communist state. | 0:24:07 | 0:24:12 | |
-In those areas, -Cuba leads by example. | 0:24:13 | 0:24:17 | |
-. | 0:24:19 | 0:24:19 | |
-888 | 0:24:22 | 0:24:22 | |
-888 - -888 | 0:24:22 | 0:24:24 | |
-For 50 years, the world has punished -Cubans for daring to live... | 0:24:27 | 0:24:31 | |
-..under a communist regime. | 0:24:32 | 0:24:34 | |
-The USA's strict sanctions -have restricted Cuba's economy. | 0:24:38 | 0:24:43 | |
-People can scarcely afford imported -goods we take for granted... | 0:24:45 | 0:24:50 | |
-..from shampoo... | 0:24:50 | 0:24:52 | |
-..to toilet paper. | 0:24:52 | 0:24:54 | |
-But there's one service -on which Cubans can truly rely. | 0:24:58 | 0:25:03 | |
-Although there is sometimes -a shortage of goods... | 0:25:03 | 0:25:07 | |
-..there is never a shortage -of doctors. | 0:25:07 | 0:25:10 | |
-There are more doctors per capita -in Cuba than in any other country. | 0:25:10 | 0:25:15 | |
-Cuba can be very proud -of its health service. | 0:25:17 | 0:25:20 | |
-Fidel is to thank for that. | 0:25:23 | 0:25:25 | |
-Before the revolt in 1959... | 0:25:26 | 0:25:29 | |
-..very few islanders -received any form of health care. | 0:25:29 | 0:25:33 | |
-Fidel established a health service -that was free to everyone. | 0:25:35 | 0:25:40 | |
-In Cuba today, the infant -mortality rate is lower... | 0:25:42 | 0:25:45 | |
-..and life expectancy higher... | 0:25:45 | 0:25:48 | |
-..than in the USA. | 0:25:49 | 0:25:51 | |
-Kania Ramos is a doctor -at Abel Santamaria... | 0:25:55 | 0:25:58 | |
-..a hospital located -in the Pinar del Rio province. | 0:25:59 | 0:26:02 | |
-Though she earns less money -than a taxi driver in Cuba... | 0:26:06 | 0:26:11 | |
-..Kania is pleased to work here. | 0:26:11 | 0:26:13 | |
-SHE SPEAKS SPANISH | 0:26:14 | 0:26:16 | |
-She tells me that many -family members are doctors too. | 0:26:20 | 0:26:24 | |
-Being able to treat patients is what -gives her the greatest satisfaction. | 0:26:24 | 0:26:29 | |
-She says it's wonderful -to see them recover. | 0:26:29 | 0:26:33 | |
-The hospital also offers... | 0:26:36 | 0:26:38 | |
-..alternatives -to conventional medicine. | 0:26:38 | 0:26:42 | |
-In the consulting rooms... | 0:26:43 | 0:26:46 | |
-..unusual practices -are being performed. | 0:26:46 | 0:26:49 | |
-Kania has given me -special permission to watch. | 0:26:52 | 0:26:55 | |
-Buenos dias. | 0:26:58 | 0:27:00 | |
-The patient -who's come to see Kania... | 0:27:00 | 0:27:03 | |
-..has been suffering -with stomach pains. | 0:27:04 | 0:27:07 | |
-Kania is choosing to treat her... | 0:27:07 | 0:27:09 | |
-..with a herbal remedy -rather than conventional drugs. | 0:27:10 | 0:27:14 | |
-The nurse has lit -what looks like a giant cigar... | 0:27:14 | 0:27:18 | |
-..and is holding it -above the patient's stomach. | 0:27:19 | 0:27:22 | |
-SHE SPEAKS SPANISH | 0:27:24 | 0:27:26 | |
-According to Kania, -the cigar has special herbs... | 0:27:30 | 0:27:33 | |
-..that when held -above certain parts of the body... | 0:27:34 | 0:27:37 | |
-..have the same sort of effect -as acupuncture. | 0:27:37 | 0:27:41 | |
-SHE SPEAKS SPANISH | 0:27:41 | 0:27:43 | |
-Many of these treatments -originally come from China. | 0:27:48 | 0:27:52 | |
-Traditional Cuban medicine -is also becoming more popular... | 0:27:54 | 0:27:59 | |
-..due to the adverse effects -of the Periodo Especial... | 0:28:01 | 0:28:05 | |
-..the Special Period. | 0:28:05 | 0:28:07 | |
-Up until 20 years ago... | 0:28:10 | 0:28:12 | |
-..the Soviet Union supplied Cuba -with all its drugs. | 0:28:13 | 0:28:16 | |
-In return, -the island exported sugar to Russia. | 0:28:18 | 0:28:21 | |
-But when the USSR collapsed in 1991, -Cuba's drugs supplies disappeared. | 0:28:23 | 0:28:29 | |
-The islanders had to heal themselves -with traditional methods. | 0:28:33 | 0:28:38 | |
-These days, the province -of Pinar del Rio... | 0:28:43 | 0:28:46 | |
-..is famous for growing tobacco. | 0:28:47 | 0:28:49 | |
-But medicinal plants -are also grown here. | 0:28:50 | 0:28:53 | |
-The government -has established farms here... | 0:28:57 | 0:29:01 | |
-..to supply drugs -to the health service. | 0:29:01 | 0:29:05 | |
-This organic farm -stretches over 200 acres... | 0:29:10 | 0:29:14 | |
-..and grows all kinds -of medicinal crops... | 0:29:15 | 0:29:19 | |
-..to supply -the Abel Santamaria hospital. | 0:29:19 | 0:29:22 | |
-These plants -sustain the health service... | 0:29:23 | 0:29:26 | |
-..and heal patients throughout Cuba. | 0:29:26 | 0:29:30 | |
-THEY SPEAK SPANISH | 0:29:31 | 0:29:33 | |
-Back at the hospital, Kania writes -a prescription for the patient. | 0:29:34 | 0:29:38 | |
-Medicine made from the leaves -of the guava tree. | 0:29:39 | 0:29:42 | |
-Kania is confident it will work. | 0:29:46 | 0:29:49 | |
-Medicinal plants -are used every day... | 0:29:52 | 0:29:55 | |
-..by almost all the doctors -at the hospital. | 0:29:56 | 0:29:59 | |
-They are supplementary medicines -and even replace conventional drugs. | 0:29:59 | 0:30:04 | |
-These medicines aren't only used -in the treatment of minor ailments. | 0:30:06 | 0:30:11 | |
-Doctors are developing plants... | 0:30:11 | 0:30:14 | |
-..that will hopefully cure -more serious illnesses. | 0:30:14 | 0:30:18 | |
-SHE SPEAKS SPANISH | 0:30:19 | 0:30:21 | |
-Kania hasn't yet treated people -with cancer and AIDS. | 0:30:24 | 0:30:29 | |
-But clinical trials -are currently being carried out. | 0:30:29 | 0:30:33 | |
-In the hospitals, old knowledge -is keeping modern socialism alive. | 0:30:43 | 0:30:48 | |
-This isn't the only example -of past traditions being revived. | 0:30:50 | 0:30:55 | |
-Across the island, -on the south-eastern coast... | 0:30:59 | 0:31:03 | |
-..lies the ancient city -of Santiago de Cuba. | 0:31:03 | 0:31:06 | |
-It's a town steeped in history. | 0:31:09 | 0:31:11 | |
-For a brief period -during the 11th century... | 0:31:16 | 0:31:20 | |
-..Santiago was Cuba's capital city. | 0:31:21 | 0:31:23 | |
-It was colonized by the Spanish. | 0:31:24 | 0:31:27 | |
-It was also conquered -by an explorer from Wales. | 0:31:30 | 0:31:33 | |
-Santiago has been a strategic port -for centuries... | 0:31:36 | 0:31:39 | |
-..and battles have been fought -to take control of it. | 0:31:39 | 0:31:43 | |
-One of the most well-known invaders -was a certain man from Abergavenny. | 0:31:43 | 0:31:49 | |
-Captain Morgan. Cheers, Captain! | 0:31:49 | 0:31:52 | |
-While offering a rum toast -to the captain... | 0:31:54 | 0:31:57 | |
-..it's worth noting -that the history is tainted. | 0:31:57 | 0:32:01 | |
-The conquerors -brought slaves in tow. | 0:32:05 | 0:32:08 | |
-African people, -who suffered greatly... | 0:32:08 | 0:32:12 | |
-..yet who clung -to their unique traditions. | 0:32:12 | 0:32:15 | |
-Some 15km east of Santiago... | 0:32:20 | 0:32:23 | |
-..I visit a place -where African influences survive. | 0:32:23 | 0:32:28 | |
-I'm in the small town of El Cobre -on a very important day. | 0:32:29 | 0:32:33 | |
-Today is St Caridad's Day, -the patron saintess of Cuba. | 0:32:33 | 0:32:37 | |
-There's a sense of excitement -all over town. | 0:32:43 | 0:32:46 | |
-Throughout the day, visitors have -been arriving in their hundreds. | 0:32:48 | 0:32:53 | |
-A devotional ceremony to worship -St Caridad takes place tonight... | 0:32:59 | 0:33:04 | |
-..the likes of which -El Cobre hasn't seen for decades. | 0:33:04 | 0:33:09 | |
-At first glance, this appears to be -a typical Catholic mass. | 0:33:14 | 0:33:19 | |
-But another religion -is practised here. | 0:33:21 | 0:33:24 | |
-A primitive faith, firmly rooted -in Cuba's ancient past. | 0:33:24 | 0:33:29 | |
-When the African slaves came here, -they knew their European masters... | 0:33:31 | 0:33:37 | |
-..would forbid them -practising their religion. | 0:33:37 | 0:33:41 | |
-So they camouflaged their pagan gods -as Catholic saints... | 0:33:41 | 0:33:47 | |
-..and pretended -to join in the worship. | 0:33:48 | 0:33:51 | |
-Gradually, the African and Christian -religions blended together... | 0:33:54 | 0:33:59 | |
-..to form a new religion -called Santeria. | 0:33:59 | 0:34:03 | |
-For Santerian believers, the Virgin -isn't just a Catholic icon. | 0:34:04 | 0:34:09 | |
-She also represents Oshun, -the goddess of water and love. | 0:34:10 | 0:34:15 | |
-Yellow is Oshun's colour... | 0:34:17 | 0:34:19 | |
-..which explains the congregation's -colourful clothing. | 0:34:19 | 0:34:24 | |
-Such expressions of faith -are a recent development in Cuba. | 0:34:27 | 0:34:32 | |
-For half a century -following the revolt... | 0:34:33 | 0:34:36 | |
-..people were forbidden from -publicly celebrating their faith. | 0:34:37 | 0:34:42 | |
-More recently, the rules -are gradually becoming more relaxed. | 0:34:43 | 0:34:48 | |
-The islanders -are repossessing their faith. | 0:34:48 | 0:34:52 | |
-This year, the people of El Cobre -have been granted permission... | 0:34:56 | 0:35:01 | |
-..to parade the Virgin -through the town. | 0:35:01 | 0:35:04 | |
-It's an important moment, signifying -the regime's new attitude. | 0:35:07 | 0:35:12 | |
-Twenty years ago, such a procession -would have been impossible. | 0:35:13 | 0:35:17 | |
-Santeria believers -aren't only found in the church. | 0:35:20 | 0:35:25 | |
-Abelardo Larduet is immersed -in the ancient religions. | 0:35:32 | 0:35:36 | |
-Although he sometimes worships -in church... | 0:35:36 | 0:35:39 | |
-..he prefers to perform rituals -to his gods at home. | 0:35:39 | 0:35:44 | |
-I'm invited to visit Abelardo at -his flat on the outskirts of town. | 0:35:49 | 0:35:53 | |
-The Soviet-looking grey buildings... | 0:35:57 | 0:36:01 | |
-..remind me of Russia's -influence on Cuba. | 0:36:01 | 0:36:04 | |
-Hola! | 0:36:04 | 0:36:06 | |
-Despite its simple interior, -it provides shelter from the heat. | 0:36:06 | 0:36:11 | |
-HE SPEAKS SPANISH | 0:36:11 | 0:36:13 | |
-As well as being a babalawo, -a Santerian priest... | 0:36:16 | 0:36:20 | |
-..Abelardo is also a scholar... | 0:36:20 | 0:36:23 | |
-..specializing -in his religion's history. | 0:36:23 | 0:36:26 | |
-He tells me that 70% of Cubans -believe in Santeria... | 0:36:28 | 0:36:33 | |
-..and are true to the old beliefs. | 0:36:33 | 0:36:35 | |
-THUNDER ROARS | 0:36:36 | 0:36:38 | |
-Hundreds of thousands of people -across the island... | 0:36:40 | 0:36:44 | |
-..worship their pagan gods. | 0:36:45 | 0:36:47 | |
-People believe that Abelardo -can interpret the gods' messages... | 0:36:51 | 0:36:56 | |
-..and come to him for advice. | 0:36:56 | 0:36:58 | |
-For a small fee, Abelardo reads -the spiritual message in the shells. | 0:37:09 | 0:37:14 | |
-He offers his customers advice -on all kinds of matters. | 0:37:17 | 0:37:21 | |
-Money, health... | 0:37:21 | 0:37:23 | |
-..and personal issues. | 0:37:23 | 0:37:25 | |
-He can even foresee the future. | 0:37:29 | 0:37:32 | |
-This man can look forward -to a happy and healthy life. | 0:37:35 | 0:37:39 | |
-It's important that Abelardo's -predictions are accurate. | 0:37:43 | 0:37:47 | |
-His reputation is at stake. | 0:37:48 | 0:37:50 | |
-WOMAN SINGS | 0:37:52 | 0:37:54 | |
-But there are other babalawo -who worry less about the facts... | 0:37:54 | 0:37:58 | |
-..and more about the showbiz. | 0:37:59 | 0:38:01 | |
-You'll come across them -on Havana's street corners. | 0:38:05 | 0:38:09 | |
-As well as predicting the future, -they'll perform complex rituals... | 0:38:09 | 0:38:14 | |
-..for a price. | 0:38:14 | 0:38:16 | |
-It's a practice -that concerns Abelardo. | 0:38:16 | 0:38:20 | |
-He tells me that people use Santeria -as a means of earning a living. | 0:38:22 | 0:38:27 | |
-They don't embrace the faith -because it doesn't interest them. | 0:38:28 | 0:38:32 | |
-WOMAN SPEAKS SPANISH | 0:38:32 | 0:38:34 | |
-Santiago de Cuba is famous -for another form of performance too. | 0:38:40 | 0:38:45 | |
-It's one I'm determined to savour -before I leave the city. | 0:38:46 | 0:38:50 | |
-. | 0:38:54 | 0:38:54 | |
-888 | 0:38:58 | 0:38:58 | |
-888 - -888 | 0:38:58 | 0:39:00 | |
-Santiago de Cuba is the most -musical city in the whole of Cuba. | 0:39:05 | 0:39:09 | |
-This is the birthplace of son... | 0:39:13 | 0:39:15 | |
-..a fusion of African rhythms -and Spanish singing. | 0:39:15 | 0:39:19 | |
-Son and salsa -are Cuba's defining sounds. | 0:39:20 | 0:39:25 | |
-It can be heard -in every single tavern. | 0:39:25 | 0:39:28 | |
-HE SINGS IN SPANISH | 0:39:30 | 0:39:32 | |
-One of the things I love most -about this place... | 0:39:34 | 0:39:37 | |
-..is that everyone, -young and old, rich and poor... | 0:39:38 | 0:39:41 | |
-..loses themselves in the music -and the dancing. | 0:39:41 | 0:39:45 | |
-Cuban people feel the music -in their bones. | 0:39:57 | 0:40:02 | |
-It's wonderful to see. | 0:40:03 | 0:40:06 | |
-Muy bien! Muy bien! | 0:40:15 | 0:40:17 | |
-As the sun sets to the sound -of the church bells pealing... | 0:40:23 | 0:40:27 | |
-..the taste of the mojito... | 0:40:27 | 0:40:30 | |
-..makes me want to join in. | 0:40:30 | 0:40:31 | |
-..makes me want to join in. - -# Migldi, magldi, hey now now | 0:40:31 | 0:40:34 | |
-# The smithy door open | 0:40:34 | 0:40:37 | |
-# Migldi, magldi, hey now now | 0:40:37 | 0:40:40 | |
-# And the smith -with his blackened face | 0:40:40 | 0:40:42 | |
-# Migldi, magldi, hey now now | 0:40:43 | 0:40:47 | |
-# At the forge, pumping the bellows. | 0:40:48 | 0:40:51 | |
-# Migldi, magldi, hey now now | 0:40:51 | 0:40:54 | |
-# It's a fine thing -on a long winter's night | 0:40:56 | 0:40:59 | |
-# Migldi, magldi, hey now now | 0:40:59 | 0:41:02 | |
-# To be the first -to get to the smithy. | 0:41:02 | 0:41:05 | |
-# Migldi, magldi, hey now now | 0:41:05 | 0:41:07 | |
-# When there's frost and snow -outside | 0:41:08 | 0:41:10 | |
-# Migldi, magldi, hey now now | 0:41:11 | 0:41:15 | |
-# The best place to be -is by the fire. | 0:41:16 | 0:41:19 | |
-# Migldi, magldi, hey now now | 0:41:19 | 0:41:21 | |
-And again! | 0:41:22 | 0:41:23 | |
-And again! - -# Hey now now # | 0:41:23 | 0:41:26 | |
-From Wales to Cuba, the old songs -are still the favourites. | 0:41:27 | 0:41:32 | |
-But in Havana, music of another kind -attracts a very different audience. | 0:41:36 | 0:41:42 | |
-The musicians -look like American rap artists. | 0:41:46 | 0:41:51 | |
-But this is Cuba... | 0:41:51 | 0:41:53 | |
-..and as usual, there's a twist. | 0:41:53 | 0:41:56 | |
-HE RAPS IN SPANISH | 0:41:57 | 0:42:00 | |
-This is reggaeton, -a fusion of reggae, rap... | 0:42:01 | 0:42:04 | |
-..and Latino music -from Puerto Rico and Venezuela. | 0:42:05 | 0:42:08 | |
-It has a popular following in Cuba. | 0:42:09 | 0:42:12 | |
-HE RAPS IN SPANISH | 0:42:13 | 0:42:15 | |
-Tonight, there's a special gig -in one of the city's nightclubs. | 0:42:17 | 0:42:23 | |
-Friday night in Havana - -it's just gone midnight. | 0:42:23 | 0:42:27 | |
-I'm hoping to talk to one of -the stars of reggaeton, Kola Loka. | 0:42:27 | 0:42:31 | |
-These fans have paid 20 -to see Kola Loka perform. | 0:42:35 | 0:42:40 | |
-That's almost a month's wages -for many Cubans. | 0:42:43 | 0:42:46 | |
-HE RAPS IN SPANISH | 0:42:49 | 0:42:51 | |
-But what's so special -about Kola Loka? | 0:42:58 | 0:43:01 | |
-Why are people willing -to pay so much to see them? | 0:43:07 | 0:43:10 | |
-The band's frontman, Yasser Puente, -agrees to talk to me. | 0:43:19 | 0:43:23 | |
-He mentions a saying. | 0:43:27 | 0:43:29 | |
-"You can't know where you're going -without knowing where you're from." | 0:43:30 | 0:43:36 | |
-Reggaeton rhythms mixed with Cuban -music makes the band's sound unique. | 0:43:36 | 0:43:42 | |
-REGGAETON MUSIC | 0:43:42 | 0:43:45 | |
-It's this combination -of old and new that's so appealing. | 0:43:47 | 0:43:51 | |
-Yasser tells me that the creation -of reggaeton defines the new Cuba. | 0:43:56 | 0:44:01 | |
-But not everybody agrees. | 0:44:07 | 0:44:09 | |
-The government believes -reggaeton's sound and look... | 0:44:12 | 0:44:16 | |
-..is too much like -American rap music. | 0:44:16 | 0:44:19 | |
-They have banned radio stations -from playing Kola Loka's music... | 0:44:24 | 0:44:29 | |
-..so the band has to find other ways -to promote themselves. | 0:44:29 | 0:44:33 | |
-They've struck a deal -with taxi drivers. | 0:44:35 | 0:44:37 | |
-They've persuaded them to play -their music and sell their CDs. | 0:44:38 | 0:44:42 | |
-The government has another reason -for banning Kola Loka's songs. | 0:44:44 | 0:44:48 | |
-HE RAPS IN SPANISH | 0:44:48 | 0:44:50 | |
-The songs have a message. | 0:44:53 | 0:44:56 | |
-One which satirizes -everyday life in Cuba. | 0:44:56 | 0:45:00 | |
-One of their most popular tracks -is La Estafa Del Babalawo. | 0:45:03 | 0:45:08 | |
-It satirizes the Santeria priests -who charge a fortune... | 0:45:08 | 0:45:13 | |
-..for their religious services. | 0:45:14 | 0:45:17 | |
-In a country where the government -censors criticism... | 0:45:21 | 0:45:25 | |
-..it's a way of voicing an opinion. | 0:45:25 | 0:45:28 | |
-HE SPEAKS SPANISH | 0:45:30 | 0:45:32 | |
-It's a way of conveying a message -to the Cuban people. | 0:45:35 | 0:45:38 | |
-It's a way of expressing an opinion -without using violence. | 0:45:38 | 0:45:43 | |
-Rather than wanting to escape -to America... | 0:45:45 | 0:45:49 | |
-..Kola Loka are determined -to stay in Cuba... | 0:45:49 | 0:45:53 | |
-..and have their voices heard. | 0:45:53 | 0:45:56 | |
-From the outside, it's as if Cuba -hasn't changed at all. | 0:46:01 | 0:46:05 | |
-For over half a century, -Fidel has isolated the country... | 0:46:07 | 0:46:11 | |
-..from the rest of the world. | 0:46:11 | 0:46:13 | |
-By closely following his vision, -he has created a lasting legacy. | 0:46:15 | 0:46:20 | |
-In terms of literacy, health care -and the arts, Cuba leads the way. | 0:46:21 | 0:46:26 | |
-But times are changing. | 0:46:26 | 0:46:29 | |
-The socialist dream is now funded -by tourism and private enterprise. | 0:46:32 | 0:46:37 | |
-It may be a precarious situation. | 0:46:39 | 0:46:42 | |
-While Cubans enjoy -the simpler things in life... | 0:46:45 | 0:46:48 | |
-..will they too acquire a taste -for material goods... | 0:46:49 | 0:46:52 | |
-..once they experience -a small taste of freedom? | 0:46:54 | 0:46:58 | |
-As they learn -about the outside world... | 0:46:59 | 0:47:02 | |
-..will they stay true -to the vision... | 0:47:05 | 0:47:08 | |
-..of an island where everyone is -equal and everyone lives in harmony? | 0:47:08 | 0:47:13 | |
-I came here -to see whether Cuba has changed. | 0:47:16 | 0:47:19 | |
-It may have changed, but I prefer -to say that it has adapted. | 0:47:19 | 0:47:23 | |
-I've been struck -by people's patriotism. | 0:47:23 | 0:47:26 | |
-People really do love this country. | 0:47:27 | 0:47:30 | |
-Even if the political system -is going to change... | 0:47:30 | 0:47:34 | |
-..I believe the Cuban spirit -and its people will survive. | 0:47:34 | 0:47:39 | |
-S4C Subtitles by Adnod Cyf. | 0:48:17 | 0:48:19 | |
-. | 0:48:19 | 0:48:19 |