Fferm Glanfred, Llandre Olion: Palu am Hanes
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-Subtitles | 0:00:00 | 0:00:00 | |
-Subtitles - -Subtitles | 0:00:00 | 0:00:02 | |
-My name's Dr Iestyn Jones. Some -of you might know me as an actor. | 0:00:06 | 0:00:10 | |
-I'm passionate -about archaeology and history... | 0:00:10 | 0:00:14 | |
-..which has led me -to obtain a doctorate in the field. | 0:00:14 | 0:00:17 | |
-For more than 10 years, I've worked -as a professional archaeologist. | 0:00:18 | 0:00:22 | |
-Throughout this series, I'll visit -sites up and down the country... | 0:00:22 | 0:00:27 | |
-..that have never been excavated -before to uncover Wales' history. | 0:00:27 | 0:00:32 | |
-This week, we're in Llandre -in north Ceredigion. | 0:00:34 | 0:00:38 | |
-This area -has housed numerous hill-forts. | 0:00:38 | 0:00:41 | |
-Caer Allt-goch, -Caer Llety Llwyd, Caer Odyn Fach... | 0:00:41 | 0:00:45 | |
-..Pen Dinas Elerch, -and on this side, Caer Pwll Glas. | 0:00:45 | 0:00:49 | |
-But we don't want to see those, -we want to look down there... | 0:00:49 | 0:00:53 | |
-..to Glanfred Farm. | 0:00:53 | 0:00:56 | |
-In a way, I've returned home -this week, to Ceredigion. | 0:00:56 | 0:01:01 | |
-Our site is a 10-minute car journey -to the north of Aberystwyth... | 0:01:01 | 0:01:06 | |
-..in Llanfihangel Genau'r Glyn, -also known as Llandre. | 0:01:06 | 0:01:10 | |
-We've come to this field -on the Glanfred Farm estate. | 0:01:11 | 0:01:14 | |
-This field is called Cae Yr Odyn. | 0:01:17 | 0:01:19 | |
-Beyond the trees is Glanfred Farm. | 0:01:19 | 0:01:21 | |
-Aerial photographs -taken in the 1970s... | 0:01:22 | 0:01:25 | |
-..revealed large ditches... | 0:01:25 | 0:01:28 | |
-..resembling the shape of pear. | 0:01:28 | 0:01:31 | |
-I'm standing in the middle of a -former hill-fort from the Iron Age. | 0:01:31 | 0:01:36 | |
-My intention -is to find proof of that... | 0:01:36 | 0:01:41 | |
-..and evidence -that people lived and worked here... | 0:01:41 | 0:01:44 | |
-..along with the remains -of the iron-making process. | 0:01:45 | 0:01:48 | |
-Any remains, in fact. | 0:01:48 | 0:01:50 | |
-The only way to do that -is by excavating the site. | 0:01:50 | 0:01:53 | |
-It's easy enough for me to say we're -digging for an Iron Age hill-fort... | 0:01:56 | 0:02:00 | |
-..but what exactly is it -and how many years ago did it exist? | 0:02:01 | 0:02:05 | |
-Fortunately, -it's not left to our imagination. | 0:02:07 | 0:02:10 | |
-Further down the coast, -near Trefdraeth in Pembrokeshire... | 0:02:10 | 0:02:14 | |
-..is the site of Henllys Castle... | 0:02:14 | 0:02:16 | |
-..where I recently visited. | 0:02:17 | 0:02:19 | |
-We've reached the very interesting -site of Henllys Castle... | 0:02:29 | 0:02:34 | |
-..in the north of Pembrokeshire. | 0:02:34 | 0:02:36 | |
-It's a 600BC hill-fort that has been -recreated on the original site... | 0:02:37 | 0:02:43 | |
-..where the foundations -of roundhouses.... | 0:02:43 | 0:02:46 | |
-..were laid during the Iron Age. | 0:02:47 | 0:02:50 | |
-It's an incredible place, -with the entrance... | 0:02:50 | 0:02:54 | |
-..in its original position. | 0:02:54 | 0:02:57 | |
-Stone walls -would've stood here originally... | 0:02:58 | 0:03:01 | |
-..with buildings on either side -to defend the entryway. | 0:03:02 | 0:03:06 | |
-It's obvious -that it was a defensive structure. | 0:03:06 | 0:03:10 | |
-They've been excavating this site -for the past 30 years... | 0:03:10 | 0:03:15 | |
-..and uncovered -more than 2,000 slingshots. | 0:03:15 | 0:03:20 | |
-It's obvious that whoever -came through this entrance... | 0:03:20 | 0:03:25 | |
-..was warmly welcomed. | 0:03:25 | 0:03:28 | |
-We must measure the field... | 0:03:31 | 0:03:33 | |
-..according to our geophysical plot -before it's excavated. | 0:03:34 | 0:03:38 | |
-The first target for -our first archaeological trench... | 0:03:38 | 0:03:42 | |
-..is a defensive structure -from the Iron Age... | 0:03:42 | 0:03:45 | |
-..the outlines of which could be -seen from the aerial photos. | 0:03:45 | 0:03:49 | |
-During dry periods, -outlines are clearer... | 0:03:49 | 0:03:52 | |
-..because the earth -is much thicker and retains water. | 0:03:52 | 0:03:57 | |
-The grass -is far greener as a result. | 0:03:57 | 0:04:00 | |
-At first, there's little difference -in the earth... | 0:04:03 | 0:04:07 | |
-..once it's been lifted. | 0:04:07 | 0:04:10 | |
-But a minute later... | 0:04:10 | 0:04:12 | |
-I'm happier -than I was five minutes ago. | 0:04:13 | 0:04:15 | |
-We've tried to dig the trench -across the ditch. | 0:04:16 | 0:04:20 | |
-I saw the orange soil at first... | 0:04:20 | 0:04:22 | |
-..but now the darker soil -is starting to emerge. | 0:04:22 | 0:04:27 | |
-This is the location -of the former Iron Age site. | 0:04:28 | 0:04:30 | |
-So I'm happy now. | 0:04:31 | 0:04:33 | |
-I'm excited by a change in colour... | 0:04:34 | 0:04:37 | |
-..because it's significant. | 0:04:37 | 0:04:40 | |
-While I clear the area -with a spade... | 0:04:40 | 0:04:42 | |
-..Colin and Jerry -can begin to dig a second trench. | 0:04:43 | 0:04:46 | |
-We're about to excavate... | 0:04:47 | 0:04:48 | |
-..the dark area -within the defensive ditch. | 0:04:49 | 0:04:52 | |
-It could be many things - -a pit, a refuse disposal site... | 0:04:53 | 0:04:57 | |
-..the ancient remains of a building -or simply a darker patch of grass. | 0:04:57 | 0:05:02 | |
-As we're cleaning -this side of the trench... | 0:05:03 | 0:05:06 | |
-..the earth is orange... | 0:05:06 | 0:05:08 | |
-..but the ditch itself -is obviously darker on this side. | 0:05:09 | 0:05:13 | |
-Something has also cut through -the natural orange earth. | 0:05:14 | 0:05:19 | |
-It's a rounded shape at the moment. | 0:05:19 | 0:05:21 | |
-There might even be another here. | 0:05:21 | 0:05:24 | |
-The different colours -provide many clues. | 0:05:24 | 0:05:27 | |
-There's charcoal here too. | 0:05:27 | 0:05:29 | |
-A post hole or a pit -might've existed here. | 0:05:29 | 0:05:33 | |
-Something that would've required -digging through the natural earth. | 0:05:33 | 0:05:38 | |
-As we prepare the site, -like every other we excavate... | 0:05:41 | 0:05:46 | |
-..we must research -the area's history. | 0:05:46 | 0:05:49 | |
-It's possible one of the legends of -the archaeological world lived here. | 0:05:49 | 0:05:55 | |
-Joining me is Rhodri, -who lives nearby the hill-fort... | 0:05:56 | 0:06:00 | |
-..we're about to excavate. | 0:06:01 | 0:06:04 | |
-You've researched -the area and the farm. | 0:06:04 | 0:06:08 | |
-I've heard a rumour, and I'm not -sure if it's right or wrong... | 0:06:08 | 0:06:12 | |
-..that Edward Lhuyd, -an archaeologist of some repute... | 0:06:12 | 0:06:18 | |
-..and author -of Archaeologica Britannica... | 0:06:18 | 0:06:22 | |
-..was born -in this house in Glanfred. | 0:06:22 | 0:06:27 | |
-At the end of the Elizabethan era... | 0:06:27 | 0:06:30 | |
-..the house became the property -of the Pryse family of Gogerddan... | 0:06:30 | 0:06:34 | |
-..who were prominent landowners -and members of the aristocracy. | 0:06:35 | 0:06:39 | |
-They were fond of the name Bridget, -derived from the Welsh, Ffraid... | 0:06:39 | 0:06:44 | |
-..and the English origin -of the name, Brie or Bridget. | 0:06:44 | 0:06:48 | |
-All the female members of the family -raised in this house... | 0:06:48 | 0:06:53 | |
-..were called Bridget. | 0:06:53 | 0:06:55 | |
-A certain Bridget Pryse -is very prominent in the story... | 0:06:55 | 0:06:59 | |
-..because -she was Edward Lhuyd's mother... | 0:06:59 | 0:07:03 | |
-..though Edward Lhuyd -spent most of his childhood... | 0:07:03 | 0:07:07 | |
-..with his father in Oswestry. | 0:07:07 | 0:07:10 | |
-But it's also possible that -he spent time here with his mother. | 0:07:10 | 0:07:15 | |
-I wonder if Edward Lhuyd was aware -of this field's importance? | 0:07:15 | 0:07:21 | |
-It's difficult to tell. | 0:07:21 | 0:07:23 | |
-It's time to start digging. | 0:07:23 | 0:07:25 | |
-Dark patches of earth -are starting to emerge... | 0:07:25 | 0:07:30 | |
-..so further investigation -is required. | 0:07:30 | 0:07:34 | |
-Over here, we can see -the natural orange soil... | 0:07:35 | 0:07:38 | |
-..and the difference -between this colour... | 0:07:38 | 0:07:41 | |
-..and the darker soil -of the ditch. | 0:07:42 | 0:07:44 | |
-There are patches at the end -which look like they've been burnt. | 0:07:44 | 0:07:49 | |
-That's very interesting. | 0:07:49 | 0:07:51 | |
-At the other end of the ditch, -where it finishes... | 0:07:51 | 0:07:55 | |
-..there might have been a post here, -maybe two or even three of them. | 0:07:55 | 0:08:00 | |
-This requires further investigation. | 0:08:00 | 0:08:03 | |
-I'm happy at the moment. | 0:08:03 | 0:08:05 | |
-We're going to quickly -map out the trenches... | 0:08:06 | 0:08:09 | |
-..before digging into -the middle of this trench. | 0:08:09 | 0:08:12 | |
-I should explain -what we're hoping to find. | 0:08:13 | 0:08:16 | |
-It's difficult to imagine -a defensive hill-fort... | 0:08:17 | 0:08:20 | |
-..in a completely flat field, -but it's obvious at Henllys Castle. | 0:08:21 | 0:08:25 | |
-What has been lost in Llandre -is what I'm standing on right now. | 0:08:26 | 0:08:30 | |
-This bank. | 0:08:30 | 0:08:32 | |
-Farmers have ploughed this land -for centuries... | 0:08:32 | 0:08:36 | |
-..and it's more or less disappeared. | 0:08:36 | 0:08:38 | |
-But what we're starting to see -are the remains of the ditch... | 0:08:39 | 0:08:43 | |
-..which provided -the earth for the bank. | 0:08:43 | 0:08:46 | |
-Back at Llandre, the team -is recharged after a cuppa... | 0:08:52 | 0:08:56 | |
-..and working very hard. | 0:08:56 | 0:08:58 | |
-We'll dig deeper -in trench number one... | 0:08:59 | 0:09:01 | |
-..to unearth evidence -that'd help us date these ditches... | 0:09:01 | 0:09:06 | |
-..such as pottery fragments -or animal bones. | 0:09:06 | 0:09:09 | |
-In trench number two, -the sifting work is going well. | 0:09:09 | 0:09:14 | |
-We can begin to see -darker colours in the soil... | 0:09:14 | 0:09:17 | |
-..which may be proof -of the smelting process. | 0:09:18 | 0:09:20 | |
-I've found a piece of slag... | 0:09:27 | 0:09:29 | |
-..left over from -the smelting process to create iron. | 0:09:29 | 0:09:33 | |
-Although I've seen it before -at other sites... | 0:09:33 | 0:09:36 | |
-..it may prove -incredibly significant to this dig. | 0:09:36 | 0:09:40 | |
-I'm going to check -with a local expert. | 0:09:41 | 0:09:45 | |
-True to form, -the weather has changed once again. | 0:09:47 | 0:09:50 | |
-In the meantime, Erika continues to -dig deeper into the defensive ditch. | 0:09:53 | 0:09:58 | |
-Evidence begins to emerge. | 0:09:59 | 0:10:01 | |
-We've just found some charcoal... | 0:10:03 | 0:10:07 | |
-..where a post once stood... | 0:10:08 | 0:10:12 | |
-..in this trench here. | 0:10:13 | 0:10:15 | |
-It'll provide us -with a radio-carbon date. | 0:10:15 | 0:10:18 | |
-I'll label it -so that we know where it came from. | 0:10:18 | 0:10:21 | |
-It might help us date this site... | 0:10:22 | 0:10:24 | |
-..and give us an idea -of what went on here. | 0:10:24 | 0:10:28 | |
-Don't just stand there! | 0:10:28 | 0:10:30 | |
-Only joking, girls! | 0:10:30 | 0:10:32 | |
-Erika and Debbie -are doing very physical work. | 0:10:32 | 0:10:36 | |
-Rather them than me! | 0:10:36 | 0:10:38 | |
-Right, -that's the end of the first day. | 0:10:38 | 0:10:41 | |
-I'm happy, to be honest. | 0:10:41 | 0:10:43 | |
-Both trenches are open. | 0:10:43 | 0:10:45 | |
-We've found the original ditch -under that canopy. | 0:10:45 | 0:10:49 | |
-We've also found -what may turn out to be post holes. | 0:10:49 | 0:10:54 | |
-We've recovered charcoal -from those holes which can be dated. | 0:10:55 | 0:10:59 | |
-Trench number two -is a little confusing... | 0:10:59 | 0:11:02 | |
-..though there's evidence -that iron smelting went on here. | 0:11:02 | 0:11:06 | |
-I'm not sure of the date, as yet, -but an expert will take samples... | 0:11:07 | 0:11:12 | |
-..and analyse them in order -to find out what went on here... | 0:11:12 | 0:11:16 | |
-..and provide us with a date. | 0:11:17 | 0:11:19 | |
-I'm content. We've done -a lot of work for the first day. | 0:11:19 | 0:11:23 | |
-We'll see what kind of weather -awaits us tomorrow. | 0:11:23 | 0:11:26 | |
-. | 0:11:28 | 0:11:28 | |
-Subtitles | 0:11:31 | 0:11:31 | |
-Subtitles - -Subtitles | 0:11:31 | 0:11:33 | |
-It's time for a discussion, -and four heads are better than one. | 0:11:36 | 0:11:41 | |
-We decided -to extend the second trench... | 0:11:41 | 0:11:44 | |
-..to search for remains -of the iron-smelting process... | 0:11:44 | 0:11:48 | |
-..using the dark outlines -as our guide. | 0:11:48 | 0:11:51 | |
-Unearthing the kiln -would be even better. | 0:11:52 | 0:11:55 | |
-There's just enough time -to dig another trench over there... | 0:11:58 | 0:12:04 | |
-..to see if the roundhouse... | 0:12:04 | 0:12:06 | |
-..or what looks like a roundhouse, -according to the geophysics study... | 0:12:06 | 0:12:11 | |
-..actually exists. | 0:12:11 | 0:12:13 | |
-We'll excavate over there. | 0:12:13 | 0:12:16 | |
-Before we begin, I discuss the plan -with Professor Ray Howell... | 0:12:16 | 0:12:20 | |
-..from -the University of South Wales. | 0:12:20 | 0:12:23 | |
-What do you think about the idea -of going over to that end... | 0:12:23 | 0:12:30 | |
-..where a roundhouse -might possibly have stood? | 0:12:30 | 0:12:34 | |
-It looks -very interesting and promising. | 0:12:34 | 0:12:37 | |
-During the Iron Age, of course, -people lived in roundhouses. | 0:12:37 | 0:12:42 | |
-It's quite possible -that this is a large roundhouse. | 0:12:43 | 0:12:47 | |
-It measures 10 metres -from one end to the other... | 0:12:48 | 0:12:52 | |
-..which is roughly -the size of an Iron Age house. | 0:12:52 | 0:12:55 | |
-They can obviously -be bigger and smaller, but... | 0:12:55 | 0:12:59 | |
-It's a great idea. -We should go for it. | 0:12:59 | 0:13:02 | |
-Let me show you -what we intend to do. | 0:13:02 | 0:13:04 | |
-It's exciting that we're searching -for the remains of a roundhouse. | 0:13:07 | 0:13:12 | |
-But I'm not all that hopeful... | 0:13:12 | 0:13:14 | |
-..since they were rare in this area. | 0:13:15 | 0:13:17 | |
-An obvious reason for that -is that they were built from wood... | 0:13:18 | 0:13:22 | |
-..which rots and disintegrates -over time, leaving no evidence. | 0:13:22 | 0:13:27 | |
-I'd better explain how people -from the Iron Age used to live. | 0:13:28 | 0:13:34 | |
-Henllys has -a perfect example of a roundhouse. | 0:13:34 | 0:13:37 | |
-The most obvious feature -is the woodwork. | 0:13:41 | 0:13:44 | |
-It's built entirely from wood. | 0:13:44 | 0:13:47 | |
-It would've taken 30 oak trees... | 0:13:49 | 0:13:52 | |
-..and more than 60 hazel trees... | 0:13:52 | 0:13:56 | |
-..to create -all these beams and joists. | 0:13:56 | 0:14:00 | |
-Finding trees of this size -was by no means down to luck. | 0:14:00 | 0:14:04 | |
-They're all the same size and -have been growing for 25-30 years. | 0:14:04 | 0:14:10 | |
-It was a case of being in control -of the landscape and the forest. | 0:14:10 | 0:14:14 | |
-Growing them solely for the purpose -of making important homes like this. | 0:14:14 | 0:14:20 | |
-This was the focal point of the home -- the fire. | 0:14:27 | 0:14:32 | |
-It was incredibly important. | 0:14:32 | 0:14:34 | |
-If this was the home of -the leader within the hill-fort... | 0:14:34 | 0:14:39 | |
-..then he would've sat here, -around the fire. | 0:14:39 | 0:14:42 | |
-It wasn't just the focus of the -home, it was the focus of the fort. | 0:14:42 | 0:14:47 | |
-People would congregate -around the fire... | 0:14:47 | 0:14:51 | |
-..to discuss their business. | 0:14:51 | 0:14:53 | |
-It provided them -with warmth and light... | 0:14:53 | 0:14:56 | |
-..and it was here -that food was cooked. | 0:14:56 | 0:14:59 | |
-It was central in their lives. | 0:15:00 | 0:15:02 | |
-Once the sun went down... | 0:15:03 | 0:15:05 | |
-..and the fire's flames rose... | 0:15:05 | 0:15:07 | |
-..it cast shadows -on the surrounding walls... | 0:15:07 | 0:15:11 | |
-..creating -a special atmosphere inside. | 0:15:11 | 0:15:14 | |
-In Llandre, the third trench -yields no discoveries. | 0:15:27 | 0:15:31 | |
-No obvious remains -of a roundhouse have emerged. | 0:15:31 | 0:15:34 | |
-There are several reasons for this. | 0:15:35 | 0:15:37 | |
-Perhaps we haven't dug deep enough, -or the remains aren't defined... | 0:15:37 | 0:15:42 | |
-..or perhaps we're -not digging in the right place. | 0:15:42 | 0:15:46 | |
-I'm not quite sure, -but for the remainder of the dig... | 0:15:46 | 0:15:50 | |
-..it's wise to bury this trench. | 0:15:50 | 0:15:52 | |
-If we don't have the time to dig any -deeper and accurately record it... | 0:15:52 | 0:15:57 | |
-..it's best that we leave it. | 0:15:57 | 0:16:00 | |
-Hopefully we can return at a -later date to dig for a roundhouse. | 0:16:00 | 0:16:04 | |
-It's disappointing, but no-one said -that archaeology was easy! | 0:16:05 | 0:16:09 | |
-I've been speaking to Chris and -Erika about the geophysics survey. | 0:16:12 | 0:16:18 | |
-Overnight, Chris placed -the plot of our trench... | 0:16:18 | 0:16:22 | |
-..on top of the geophysics survey. | 0:16:23 | 0:16:26 | |
-It's interesting that the trench, -which is darker in colour... | 0:16:26 | 0:16:30 | |
-..is clear enough to decipher. | 0:16:31 | 0:16:33 | |
-But while we were at Henllys Castle, -we saw those large elevated banks... | 0:16:33 | 0:16:39 | |
-..that I walked over. | 0:16:39 | 0:16:41 | |
-The bank has disappeared here -since the land has been ploughed. | 0:16:41 | 0:16:45 | |
-It's possible that we've found -a small portion of the bank. | 0:16:45 | 0:16:49 | |
-I'd like to open up the trench -a little more... | 0:16:49 | 0:16:53 | |
-..to see if the earth changes colour -between the original earth... | 0:16:53 | 0:16:57 | |
-..and the bank. | 0:16:58 | 0:17:00 | |
-Open it up, Colin. Thank you. | 0:17:00 | 0:17:03 | |
-As I mentioned earlier, -Glanfred is situated... | 0:17:12 | 0:17:15 | |
-..in a very interesting location. | 0:17:16 | 0:17:18 | |
-To the south is Pwll Glas hill-fort. | 0:17:18 | 0:17:21 | |
-To the east is the very prominent -Pen Dinas Elerch hill-fort. | 0:17:25 | 0:17:29 | |
-Following the ancient route -across the mountains... | 0:17:32 | 0:17:36 | |
-..we arrive at -Llety Llwyd hill-fort. | 0:17:36 | 0:17:40 | |
-Here, the banks and ditches -are very prominent. | 0:17:41 | 0:17:44 | |
-It's no coincidence that we're able -to see our site from this position. | 0:17:44 | 0:17:49 | |
-Being able to see your neighbours -was a big advantage in the Iron Age. | 0:17:49 | 0:17:54 | |
-Defensively and offensively. | 0:17:54 | 0:17:56 | |
-To the northeast -stood the Allt-goch hill-fort... | 0:17:58 | 0:18:02 | |
-..which also overlooks our site. | 0:18:02 | 0:18:05 | |
-Within a five-mile radius, -there were five hill-forts. | 0:18:07 | 0:18:11 | |
-Colin has newly excavated this -portion and it needs cleaning... | 0:18:15 | 0:18:20 | |
-..but it appears that the bank... | 0:18:20 | 0:18:24 | |
-..finishes around here. | 0:18:24 | 0:18:27 | |
-Although there's not a huge -difference between these colours... | 0:18:27 | 0:18:33 | |
-..the earth is far more solid... | 0:18:33 | 0:18:35 | |
-..compared to this, which has -been newly excavated by the digger. | 0:18:35 | 0:18:41 | |
-Though the signs -aren't completely obvious... | 0:18:42 | 0:18:46 | |
-..it's possible -that the bank finishes here... | 0:18:46 | 0:18:51 | |
-..making that earth natural... | 0:18:51 | 0:18:53 | |
-..and this, -the earth that was buried... | 0:18:53 | 0:18:56 | |
-..under a relatively large bank. | 0:18:56 | 0:18:59 | |
-Erika is recording -every layer of soil - five in all. | 0:19:03 | 0:19:07 | |
-It proves that the bank -has eroded over time... | 0:19:07 | 0:19:10 | |
-..and collapsed into the ditch -to create a new layer. | 0:19:11 | 0:19:14 | |
-Other layers contain debris, -charcoal and fragments of bone... | 0:19:14 | 0:19:19 | |
-..which can be analysed -in the laboratory. | 0:19:19 | 0:19:22 | |
-They are probably animal bones which -reveal ancient farming methods... | 0:19:22 | 0:19:27 | |
-..and provide us with clues -about people's living standards. | 0:19:27 | 0:19:32 | |
-Meanwhile, Keith Haylock, -an expert in this area's slag... | 0:19:32 | 0:19:36 | |
-..the leftovers of -the smelting process, has joined us. | 0:19:36 | 0:19:41 | |
-Bagfuls of slag have been unearthed -from trench number two. | 0:19:41 | 0:19:47 | |
-Keith analyses a small sample -of earth encasing the slag... | 0:19:47 | 0:19:52 | |
-..to try and establish -what chemicals are in it. | 0:19:52 | 0:19:55 | |
-Another laboratory is working around -the clock to date the soil... | 0:19:56 | 0:20:00 | |
-..around -the large piece of slag I found. | 0:20:00 | 0:20:03 | |
-At least Keith can give me -an idea of its age. | 0:20:03 | 0:20:06 | |
-I've found slag -at many other sites... | 0:20:10 | 0:20:13 | |
-..but according to the expert, -it's very rare in this area. | 0:20:13 | 0:20:17 | |
-One piece is exhibited -at Ceredigion Museum. | 0:20:17 | 0:20:21 | |
-This is very exciting. | 0:20:21 | 0:20:23 | |
-But the one thing we must ensure... | 0:20:23 | 0:20:26 | |
-..is that we can verify -the date of this smelting process. | 0:20:26 | 0:20:30 | |
-If it genuinely belongs -to the Iron Age... | 0:20:30 | 0:20:33 | |
-..it could change -the history of this area forever. | 0:20:33 | 0:20:37 | |
-Unfortunately, our time is up. | 0:20:41 | 0:20:44 | |
-We arrived at Glanfred Farm -three days ago... | 0:20:44 | 0:20:47 | |
-..hoping to unearth -unequivocal proof... | 0:20:48 | 0:20:51 | |
-..that another Iron Age -hill-fort existed in Ceredigion. | 0:20:51 | 0:20:55 | |
-We dug two main trenches - one -across the fort's defensive ditch... | 0:20:55 | 0:21:00 | |
-..and another -in a geophysical place of interest. | 0:21:00 | 0:21:04 | |
-Thanks to the dedication -of the excavation team... | 0:21:04 | 0:21:09 | |
-..we reached -the bottom of the ditch. | 0:21:09 | 0:21:12 | |
-We were given an insight into the -lives of the hill-fort's residents. | 0:21:13 | 0:21:17 | |
-The team found fragments of pottery, -charcoal and small charred bones... | 0:21:18 | 0:21:23 | |
-..which might've been the bones -of animals that had been eaten. | 0:21:23 | 0:21:27 | |
-Slag was recovered -from the second trench. | 0:21:28 | 0:21:31 | |
-Archaeologists had no prior evidence -of smelting works in Ceredigion. | 0:21:31 | 0:21:37 | |
-They weren't sure if tools were -bought and transported to the area. | 0:21:37 | 0:21:41 | |
-We've found evidence to prove -there was a hill-fort here... | 0:21:41 | 0:21:45 | |
-..and a smelting works existed here. | 0:21:46 | 0:21:48 | |
-The laboratory has been able -to date the charcoal and slag. | 0:21:49 | 0:21:53 | |
-The charcoal was burnt -more than 1,200 years ago... | 0:21:53 | 0:21:57 | |
-..during the eighth century. | 0:21:57 | 0:21:59 | |
-Thanks to Keith, -we know that the slag... | 0:21:59 | 0:22:02 | |
-..came from this exact location, -where the iron was produced. | 0:22:02 | 0:22:07 | |
-The results suggest that the site -dates back to the year 688. | 0:22:07 | 0:22:12 | |
-The Early Middle Ages. | 0:22:12 | 0:22:14 | |
-This is always difficult to watch... | 0:22:30 | 0:22:32 | |
-..when the earth recovers the sites -we've worked hard to expose. | 0:22:33 | 0:22:37 | |
-It's been a successful dig. | 0:22:37 | 0:22:39 | |
-We've found -small fragments of bone and pottery. | 0:22:40 | 0:22:44 | |
-More importantly, -we've found a bagful of slag... | 0:22:45 | 0:22:49 | |
-..which proves -there was a smelting works here. | 0:22:49 | 0:22:53 | |
-It's left everyone, -including the experts, dumbfounded. | 0:22:53 | 0:22:59 | |
-In the short time we've been here... | 0:22:59 | 0:23:03 | |
-..we couldn't have asked for more. | 0:23:03 | 0:23:06 | |
-S4C Subtitles by Adnod Cyf. | 0:23:43 | 0:23:45 | |
-. | 0:23:45 | 0:23:45 |