Alltwen- Sul y Cofio Dechrau Canu Dechrau Canmol
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-Subtitles | 0:00:00 | 0:00:00 | |
-Subtitles - -Subtitles | 0:00:00 | 0:00:02 | |
-On Remembrance Sunday... | 0:00:08 | 0:00:10 | |
-..welcome to a special edition -of Dechrau Canu Dechrau Canmol. | 0:00:10 | 0:00:15 | |
-# Soli Deo gloria | 0:00:16 | 0:00:20 | |
-# Soli Deo gloria | 0:00:20 | 0:00:25 | |
-# Soli Deo gloria # | 0:00:27 | 0:00:33 | |
-On this programme, -I'm joined by Aled Eirug. | 0:00:47 | 0:00:49 | |
-He'll pay tribute to those, because -of their faith and convictions... | 0:00:50 | 0:00:55 | |
-..who couldn't join the armed forces -- the conscientious objectors. | 0:00:55 | 0:01:00 | |
-There were lots of people who, -because of their faith... | 0:01:01 | 0:01:05 | |
-..refused to accept -the state's authority. | 0:01:05 | 0:01:08 | |
-There'll also be a performance -from the John S Davies Singers. | 0:01:08 | 0:01:12 | |
-The Senedd in Cardiff Bay... | 0:01:30 | 0:01:32 | |
-..is the first place to exhibit the -handmade Weeping Window sculpture... | 0:01:32 | 0:01:37 | |
-..by artist Paul Cummins -and designer Tom Piper... | 0:01:37 | 0:01:41 | |
-..to mark the centenary -of World War I. | 0:01:41 | 0:01:44 | |
-Our singing -comes from Alltwen chapel. | 0:01:44 | 0:01:47 | |
-We'll start with -O Dywysog Ein Tangnefedd... | 0:01:47 | 0:01:50 | |
-..Cyfaill Mwya'r Ddaear Hon. | 0:01:51 | 0:01:53 | |
-Aled Eirug has done research -for a PhD thesis... | 0:04:09 | 0:04:12 | |
-..on conscientious objectors -during World War I. | 0:04:12 | 0:04:15 | |
-His grandfather was one of them. | 0:04:15 | 0:04:18 | |
-His father was also a conscientious -objector during World War II. | 0:04:18 | 0:04:23 | |
-Conscientious objectors were people -who'd refused to join the Army... | 0:04:27 | 0:04:33 | |
-..after conscription was introduced -in January 1916. | 0:04:33 | 0:04:39 | |
-The term used to describe -these people was conchies. | 0:04:39 | 0:04:43 | |
-They were known as conchies -in everyday speech. | 0:04:44 | 0:04:47 | |
-They opposed on religious grounds -in the main. | 0:04:48 | 0:04:51 | |
-They not only included individuals -from traditional denominations... | 0:04:51 | 0:04:56 | |
-..like the Independents, Baptists -and Methodists... | 0:04:56 | 0:05:00 | |
-..but there were also -Christadelphians, who... | 0:05:00 | 0:05:04 | |
-..because of their faith, refused to -accept the state's authority. | 0:05:04 | 0:05:09 | |
-There was also the political side. | 0:05:09 | 0:05:13 | |
-People opposed because of socialism. | 0:05:13 | 0:05:16 | |
-They'd then be court martialled. | 0:05:16 | 0:05:20 | |
-They'd be initially jailed -for around three months. | 0:05:21 | 0:05:25 | |
-After being released from jail, -they'd go before another tribunal... | 0:05:26 | 0:05:30 | |
-..and they'd be jailed for -a longer period - up to a year. | 0:05:30 | 0:05:34 | |
-Some people, -Emrys Hughes for example... | 0:05:35 | 0:05:38 | |
-..were jailed six times -during the war. | 0:05:38 | 0:05:42 | |
-He spent three years in jail. | 0:05:42 | 0:05:44 | |
-Only a few chapels -supported conscientious objectors... | 0:05:47 | 0:05:52 | |
-..and hardly any churches. | 0:05:52 | 0:05:56 | |
-But there are chapels -that were prominent... | 0:05:56 | 0:05:59 | |
-..in their support -for those who opposed the war... | 0:05:59 | 0:06:03 | |
-..especially in areas influenced -by the Independent Labour Party. | 0:06:03 | 0:06:08 | |
-In places -like Merthyr and Briton Ferry... | 0:06:08 | 0:06:12 | |
-..the ILP's influence was great. | 0:06:12 | 0:06:15 | |
-Some chapels -were vocal in their opposition. | 0:06:15 | 0:06:20 | |
-Why were some chapels and churches -supportive? | 0:06:23 | 0:06:26 | |
-They were spellbound by Lloyd George -and John Williams, Brynsiencyn... | 0:06:26 | 0:06:31 | |
-..who quickly realized that if the -chapels didn't support the war... | 0:06:31 | 0:06:36 | |
-..the government would find it hard -to attract men into the army. | 0:06:37 | 0:06:41 | |
-By September 1914, people like -John Williams and Lloyd George... | 0:06:42 | 0:06:47 | |
-..went around the country -trying to persuade people to join. | 0:06:48 | 0:06:52 | |
-They were very successful -during the first year of the war. | 0:06:52 | 0:06:56 | |
-The problem arose... | 0:06:56 | 0:06:58 | |
-..when enthusiasm for the war -waned in 1916. | 0:06:59 | 0:07:04 | |
-You mentioned -Merthyr and Briton Ferry. | 0:07:05 | 0:07:08 | |
-Were there other areas -strongly opposed? | 0:07:09 | 0:07:11 | |
-Yes. The Swansea Valley to -an extent. The Gwendraeth Valley. | 0:07:12 | 0:07:15 | |
-The Rhymney Valley too on the border -between Glamorgan and Gwent. | 0:07:16 | 0:07:20 | |
-It's important to remember... | 0:07:20 | 0:07:22 | |
-..that men weren't expected -to join the army in these areas... | 0:07:23 | 0:07:27 | |
-..because most -worked in an industry... | 0:07:27 | 0:07:30 | |
-..where people weren't expected -to leave, namely coal mining. | 0:07:30 | 0:07:35 | |
-Next, a performance -by the John S Davies Singers... | 0:09:38 | 0:09:41 | |
-..of Locus Iste by Anton Bruckner. | 0:09:41 | 0:09:44 | |
-This piece was composed... | 0:09:44 | 0:09:46 | |
-..for the opening of -the new cathedral in Linz, Austria. | 0:09:46 | 0:09:50 | |
-"This place was made by God. -It is profoundly sacred." | 0:09:50 | 0:09:54 | |
-# Locus iste | 0:09:56 | 0:10:02 | |
-# A Deo factus est | 0:10:03 | 0:10:08 | |
-# Locus iste | 0:10:09 | 0:10:15 | |
-# A Deo factus est | 0:10:16 | 0:10:22 | |
-# A Deo | 0:10:24 | 0:10:26 | |
-# Deo factus est | 0:10:28 | 0:10:34 | |
-# Inaestimabile sacramentum | 0:10:35 | 0:10:49 | |
-# Inaestimabile sacramentum | 0:10:50 | 0:11:03 | |
-# Irreprehensibilis est | 0:11:05 | 0:11:10 | |
-# Irreprehensibilis est | 0:11:11 | 0:11:17 | |
-# Irreprehensibilis est | 0:11:17 | 0:11:24 | |
-# Irreprehensibilis est | 0:11:24 | 0:11:33 | |
-# Locus iste | 0:11:34 | 0:11:41 | |
-# A Deo factus est | 0:11:42 | 0:11:48 | |
-# Locus iste | 0:11:48 | 0:11:55 | |
-# A Deo factus est | 0:11:55 | 0:12:01 | |
-# A Deo | 0:12:02 | 0:12:06 | |
-# Deo, Deo | 0:12:06 | 0:12:21 | |
-# A Deo | 0:12:24 | 0:12:26 | |
-# Deo factus est # | 0:12:27 | 0:12:46 | |
-Aled, let's hear about some -of the interesting characters... | 0:13:05 | 0:13:09 | |
-..who took a stand after 1916. | 0:13:09 | 0:13:11 | |
-There are many well-known Welshmen -among them. | 0:13:11 | 0:13:15 | |
-There were. | 0:13:15 | 0:13:17 | |
-It's very apt that we're talking -in this hall, the Temple of Peace. | 0:13:17 | 0:13:22 | |
-It was founded by Lord Davies, -Llandinam. | 0:13:22 | 0:13:25 | |
-This place was intended -to be a clear attestation... | 0:13:26 | 0:13:31 | |
-..in favour of peace over war. | 0:13:31 | 0:13:34 | |
-There were many well-known Welshmen, -such as poets. | 0:13:37 | 0:13:43 | |
-Gwenallt and T H Parry Williams. | 0:13:43 | 0:13:46 | |
-George M Ll Davies -was a key figure... | 0:13:46 | 0:13:52 | |
-..in the campaign against the war. | 0:13:52 | 0:13:55 | |
-There were also many men who -later became Members of Parliament. | 0:13:55 | 0:14:00 | |
-Prominent public figures. | 0:14:00 | 0:14:03 | |
-People like Emrys Hughes, -Keir Hardie's son-in-law. | 0:14:03 | 0:14:07 | |
-Lord Maelor, T W Jones, -and his brother, J W Jones. | 0:14:07 | 0:14:11 | |
-Both became MPs for Meirioneth -and the Wrexham area. | 0:14:12 | 0:14:18 | |
-So there was substance to these men. | 0:14:19 | 0:14:23 | |
-They were men who'd opposed the war -for principled reasons. | 0:14:23 | 0:14:29 | |
-Did they influence ordinary people? | 0:14:30 | 0:14:33 | |
-Did they influence ordinary people? - -Not much during this period. | 0:14:33 | 0:14:35 | |
-They were all quite young. | 0:14:35 | 0:14:37 | |
-They were all between 18 and 35. | 0:14:38 | 0:14:42 | |
-But they were men of substance... | 0:14:43 | 0:14:46 | |
-..who became prominent -public figures in Wales... | 0:14:46 | 0:14:50 | |
-..during the '20s, '30s, '40s -and beyond. | 0:14:50 | 0:14:54 | |
-Your grandfather opposed the war. | 0:14:55 | 0:14:57 | |
-Your grandfather opposed the war. - -He did. | 0:14:57 | 0:14:58 | |
-He was a student -at Bala-Bangor college. | 0:14:58 | 0:15:02 | |
-He was one of 21 men... | 0:15:02 | 0:15:04 | |
-..who appeared -before a tribunal in 1916... | 0:15:05 | 0:15:09 | |
-..pleading -as a conscientious objector. | 0:15:10 | 0:15:13 | |
-In Bangor, I think around -35 theological students... | 0:15:13 | 0:15:17 | |
-..were conscientious objectors. | 0:15:17 | 0:15:20 | |
-That reflected -the influence of Thomas Rees... | 0:15:20 | 0:15:24 | |
-..the principal of Bala-Bangor. | 0:15:24 | 0:15:26 | |
-He was an influential figure. | 0:15:26 | 0:15:29 | |
-He was the editor of Y Deyrnas... | 0:15:29 | 0:15:32 | |
-..the only newspaper founded -in Britain to oppose the war. | 0:15:32 | 0:15:36 | |
-It was first published in 1916. | 0:15:36 | 0:15:39 | |
-You've done a PhD on the subject. | 0:15:39 | 0:15:41 | |
-You've done a PhD on the subject. - -It's what ignited my interest. | 0:15:41 | 0:15:43 | |
-Looking at the history... | 0:15:43 | 0:15:46 | |
-..and searching for -the personal stories of these men... | 0:15:46 | 0:15:52 | |
-..has been very interesting. | 0:15:52 | 0:15:55 | |
-I hope it will be very interesting -for other people. | 0:15:56 | 0:15:59 | |
-There's a story -from the Cardiganshire tribunal... | 0:16:06 | 0:16:10 | |
-..about a boy -from a farm outside Llangrannog... | 0:16:10 | 0:16:13 | |
-..appealing against -having to join the army. | 0:16:13 | 0:16:16 | |
-The father goes with the son -to the tribunal... | 0:16:16 | 0:16:19 | |
-..to plead his case. | 0:16:20 | 0:16:22 | |
-The tribunal decide that one -of the farmer's two sons has to go. | 0:16:23 | 0:16:29 | |
-They let the farmer choose -which one. | 0:16:30 | 0:16:32 | |
-The farmer goes home -and was later found hanged... | 0:16:33 | 0:16:38 | |
-..to save his son. | 0:16:38 | 0:16:40 | |
-Aled Eirug, -thank you for joining me. | 0:16:52 | 0:16:55 | |
-Pacifists have always experienced -difficulties. | 0:20:11 | 0:20:14 | |
-They talk about peace... | 0:20:15 | 0:20:18 | |
-..pray for peace, wish for peace... | 0:20:18 | 0:20:22 | |
-..but also take action, -create, campaign... | 0:20:22 | 0:20:27 | |
-..and completely reject -violence and oppression. | 0:20:27 | 0:20:31 | |
-We thank the pacifists -in our world today. | 0:20:32 | 0:20:36 | |
-We finish this programme... | 0:20:42 | 0:20:44 | |
-..with a hymn that's probably -an entreaty for us all. | 0:20:44 | 0:20:47 | |
-It's Eifion Wyn's gospel of peace, -published during World War I. | 0:20:48 | 0:20:52 | |
-"Efengyl tangnefedd, -o rhed dros y byd... | 0:20:52 | 0:20:55 | |
-"..a deled y bobloedd -i'th lewyrch i gyd." | 0:20:55 | 0:20:59 | |
-From us all, goodbye. | 0:20:59 | 0:21:01 | |
-S4C Subtitles by Testun Cyf. | 0:23:30 | 0:23:32 | |
-. | 0:23:33 | 0:23:33 |