02/04/2016 Click

South Africa's President, Jacob Zuma, has denied acting

dishonestly in a scandal over public funds spent on renovations

But he has promised to obey an order to repay some of the money.

The US military says it has carried out a drone strike in Somalia

targeting a vehicle carrying three members

A Pentagon spokesman named the principle target as

Hassan Ali Dhoore, who was accused of organising recent bomb attacks

on Mogadishu airport, and a hotel in which US personnel were killed.

Now on BBC News, it is time for Click.

The -- this week, changing the world with a pencil. Bringing performance

to life. And scaring people to death.

As amazing as our devices are today, as fast as they run, and as small as

they get, Beryl limited by physics. Their limited by the substances that

they're made from -- they are limited. We dream of devices that

are flexible, wearable, see-through, and, well, just plain future-y. It

is a real word, trust me. But before we can do that, we need a substance

that can do all those things, be all of those things. Fortunately, such a

substance exist. Heroes for decades but only finally created in a lab in

2010, by these guys, it was such an amazing feat that it won them the

Nobel Prize in Physics. Right, here is how you win a Nobel Prize. Take

one pencil and some sticky tape, and you see that? Now, on their,

somewhere, a -- flecks of graphite from a pencil, these are known as

graphene and they will change the world. Graphene is a single atomic

layer of carbon, they are just one atomic layer and yet they have all

kinds of fascinating physical properties. So you have a flawless

piece of graphene, electrons can move politically without being

scattered around. And electrons move as if they have no matters. So it is

relativistic. So better than silicon? Oh yes, much better than

silicon. The mobility can be hundreds or thousands of times

higher than Telecom. Faster? Yes, very good conductivity, and also

because it is one atomic layer is transparent. So if you can imagine

you have a sheet with transparent electorates. Transparent electronics

make all sorts of things possible. Suddenly anything can become a

display without locking your view of what is behind. Solar cells can

become a lot more efficient if you put the electron collecting

circuitry right on top, without locking the sunlight. And graphene

is not only transparent and flexible, it is also incredibly

strong. As for atom, 207 times stronger than steel. Meet

professional cyclist Mr Barker. Today his bike is sporting a new set

of super strong wheels, graphene ones. That means he can tackle

terrain he would normally steer well clear of like Roque in glass or, in

explicit week, a nail board. -- inexplicably. These tyres made by

bike giants Victoria are made from special rubber which include flex of

graphene to improve their strength dramatically and without the extra

weight normally carried by other puncture resistant tyres. You had to

imagine that the tyres are always full of conflicting targets. You

want the grip but you want the milage as well. You want low road

resistant and wait but you also want higher puncture resistance. Because

graphene is able to make a tyre lighter, less rolling resistance, at

the same time more milage and more grip. That was impossible with the

existing compounds so far. The rims are made from carbon fibre that is

also infused with graphene, which turns out as well at being very good

at dissipating heat caused by the breaks. And it is this ability to

bind graphene to other substances, improving those materials in the

process, that has sparked a lot of interest from scientists around the

world. And you can do all sorts of things with graphene. What you do

with it depends on what material you deposit on top of the graphene.

While graphene is only one atom thick, the materials you put on top

are also only a few atoms thick. To do that you need instruments like

this. At the UK's graphene Institute in Manchester, researchers are

exploring all sorts of applications for this wonderful material. It is

being used as a waterproof coating to make our houses damp resistant.

It can even be used to purify water. This graphene mesh is already

capable of sieving out many impurities but the ultimate goal is

to come up with a graph graphene membrane that can turn the water

into drink and water in about the same amount of time it takes to

filter coffee. Right, so graphene is amazing. At everything. We get it.

So why isn't it already in everything? Why is it so far only

really being mixed in small flecks with other substances? Well, because

we can't yet make it in both big enough sizes and higher enough

quality at the same time. You can grow larger samples of graphene on

copper sheet, but because of the really high temperatures involved,

the graphene is deformed and not very good quality. If only there was

a way of growing large graphene sheets on copper but at much lower

temperatures. Well, turns out there is. Across the pond, at the

California Institute of Technology, they've got a leaky gas valve. We

found out, by accident, that we had some leaky valves. I thought I had a

hydrogen is, what it was leaking just a small amount of methane. This

isn't a very good vacuum system. So you had shoddy equipment. Yes. That

led to a world changing discovery. Absolutely. Kids, there is a moral

in that. Do not maintain your grip and, just let it go to pot. Hydrogen

plasma is only supposed to clean the copper while making graphene at

temperatures of 1000?C. Let's try to have plasma assisted growth, and so

we lowered the growth temperature from 1000 to 800, and then my group

members found that graphene still grows. And then we say, OK, let's

lower the temperature further, the environment and temperature to 600.

Still grows. And then took 400, still grows. And then, can we turn

off the heat and just grow the sample with plasma assistance at

room temperatures? And we discover that this graphene has very few

defects in it, which means it has very good electrical properties.

Graphene is inching ever closer to a fulfilling its promise as this

all-purpose wonder material. And in fact, even now, scientists are

working on other substances, themselves just one atom thick,

which also promised to have superpowers. The world, it seems to

me, is getting very 2-dimensional. Another week, and another operating

system update from Apple, which brings one or more features of its

phones. This time it is the Safari web browser. If iPhone owners try to

click on web links these links can freeze or even crash the app. After

several days of problems, Apple says it has fixed the issues. Whatever

happened to it just works, he? Microsoft tried to make waves this

week with its annual Build conference. The company unveiled a

series of chat bots meant to help us go about our daily lives. Let's hope

they work better than Microsoft's team chat bots, Tay, which had to be

switched off after tweeting offensive comments. Microsoft also

gave journalists the chance to experience its much hyped augmented

reality headset, Hololens. Bad news for Facebook after it was forced to

apologise. It's a safety check system wrongly asked people if they

were caught up in the Pakistan bomb attack which killed over 70 people

last weekend. The FBI announced they have succeeded in accessing the

smartphone of San Bernardino gunman Syed Farook without the help of

Apple. And DARPA have been testing their continuous trial unmanned

vessel. It has been designed and built to travel thousands of miles

without a single crew member on board. Open water testing will begin

off the California coast this summer. With Apple and Samsung

absolutely dominating the smartphone market these days, it seems like all

the other manufacturers have to do something really special in order to

get any interest at all. Well, that is what LG is hoping it has done

with its new phone G5. We caught a glimpse of it in Barcelona in

February, and LJ Rich has her hands on the first full production model

to land in the UK a head of the launch. We have seen modular phones

on the market for a little while, at a big manufacturer like LG wants to

do something a little bit different, and they have always prided

themselves on being able to swap batteries. So the idea is, instead

of just swapping batteries, why don't you swap more? For example,

you can put a high-end audio converter on the end, or a little

grip that allows you to take pictures 1-handed. And it gives you

a wheel to zoom with, and an extra battery burst at the same time. Now,

swapping modules also boosts the phone because you take the battery

out. It automatically recognises the new added end. LG have designed a

phone it actually wants you to pull apart, in stark contrast to the

closed culture of other smartphones. It is also getting other brands

involved with a plug and play digital to analogue converter or

DAC. Higher end DAC can produce a more detailed and clearer sound. So

when listening to jazz you can also hear the space created by the drums

and in this case saxophone. I'm actually very impressed. It is worth

mentioning that the DAC sound module can work on its own, which I think

is a very savvy approach. Sean from LG is sharing something from his

playlist and I asked him how future proof these modules can be. It looks

like this will only work with that unibody, and then when you get the

next phone up does that make this obsolete? That's a good question. I

think at this particular moment in time the modules have been developed

for the G five. The module idea is not going to be unique just to the

G5. We are trying to make as many of the modules as flexible as possible.

But for the time being, yes, they are fit for purpose on the G5. As we

consume more content on the go, our choice of headphones has become

increasingly important. So I have been testing some of the latest,

more interesting options. These are the Ear-In earbuds, a pair of

totally wireless headphones. While they are in this container not only

are they being kept clean but they are also being charged. As long as

you judge the case it can power them up three times. Once you have

introduced them to your phone via Bluetooth, the left one will

automatically sync up once it has been taken out of the case, and then

the right earbud will connect to the left earbud and from there you can

play your tunes. I have no complaints about the sound quality

or the connection, but I do feel slightly conscious that they could

fall out of my ears, which makes me feel comfortable walking, but a

little less sure about running. Taking the idea of wireless

headphones to another level are these, a pair of smart headphones

that are definitely designed for life on the go. They can track

activities including swimming, if you trust them to stay in your ears,

and track heart rate as well as stream music from your phone, or

play tracks stored on them. While the touches and swipes to operate

our intuitive to use, at some point I found that even on top volume the

music didn't seem to be loud enough. But the time I really felt the

benefit of these headphones was when I was walking and making phone calls

on the go, because the person on the other end, even though the

microphone was in here, couldn't tell that I was holding my phone

handset. -- wasn't holding. They do offer the option of sound

transparency being on or off so you can hear your surroundings if you

choose. And for those it is a priority for, so cyclists or people

who run on busy streets, the latest in phone conduction technology could

come in handy. The sound travels through vibrations on your

cheekbones rather than playing directly into your eardrums. I was

actually really impressed by the sound quality, and I've never felt

so save pounding the streets of London. But after a little while I

did start to feel that the vibrations on my cheeks were feeling

a bit odd. I think that maybe because they had made the volume is

so high. For something that looks a bit different, this is LG's latest

offering. You pull it out like this. It is ridiculous. Why is that

necessary? OK, actually, that isn't bad. If you move your head a lot you

makes you want them to be longer. The turn Platinum can receive high

res audio, has dual noise cancelling iPhones building and some added

voice control benefits for android phone users. But the design seems to

be a matter of taste. These are more about sound quality than something

you should run with, especially how they feel on my neck, so for that

reason I'm going to take a seat... For no other reason at all. So

however active or not you're expecting to be, there are options

aplenty offering something beyond the basic factors of looks, fit and

sound quality. Now, in some kinds of theatre the

lighting can often be as important as the sets, as the choreography, as

the performances themselves. With the latest motion sensing

technology, the brain that programmes that lighting might not

be human. One British choreographer and one computer programmer have

between them created an artificially intelligent performance where the

lighting responds to two dancers on stage. Jane Caro take has been to

see it in action. The Xbox connects we are using in this space which

cracks our bodies uses artificial intelligence. When we stand in front

of them they immediately recognise the shape of the body, they picked

out a skeleton structure. Alex, where are we right now? We are at

Cambridge Junction and we're doing our rehearsals for the second

preview of the new performance of hours. The four on the left... Four

on the left. The ones on the left are following you and the ones on

the right are following me. If I go down here they should finally. The

Cure neckeds are able to follow us and predict where we're going to go

next, there's a system that can learn from the movement it observes

and make more informed choices about the way, the lights on the stage

work with us. It's about observation systems predicting the next steps.

So I see this stage as an instrument. So what Alex as a

choreographer creates in my mind could not be created in any other

way. You might watch the finished show or a lighting designer,

traditional lighting designer, might watch the finished show and they

might think they could programme that, it might take them really long

because there's a lot of intricate behaviour. But even if they could

it's not the same because the reason why the choreography is the way it

is because Alex choreographed it in this setting.

We've got a system where we can control how they move with the

position of our hands. See that's backwards. That's it, so you're

bringing them round. When they're together they won't move. It should

stop... Yet, that's it. The lights on stage almost look like dancers,

do you see them that way? It's very tempting to see them that way. There

are certain modes when they do look so alive and to me that's a

success. That was Jen really getting into her

part there, although you'd never catch me wearing a leotard

on-screen. Anyway, there are some performances which actually require

audience participation, something you will know if you have ever taken

part in immersive theatre. Hear the audience actually becomes part of

the show as the action happens all around you. Well, a terrifying new

experience has come to east London, which promises to immerse audiences

even deeper in virtual reality. Without briefing him about his

impending doom or anything at all for that matter, we sent Click's

resident scary cat to suffer an evening with the virtually dead. And

a quick spoiler alert, if you've bought tickets for this show, if

you're watching with young children or can't stand the sight of a grown

man screaming like a little boy, look away now.

We are in Hackney Wick, I have no idea what's going on, there's an

army man shouting at me over there. Down and give me ten. Come on,

Rambo! Come on, chop, chop, chop. We are going to location unknown. I

feel like I'm in a 90s rock music video. Everybody out, let's go. Come

on. Let's go, let's go. Immersive theatre is obviously a massive thing

at the moment but VR has never been put in it, we want to do something

that's never been done before. Our home state of Arizona is overrun by

a terrible infection. The goal was to blur the lines between what's

real and what's not. As soon as you enter an immersive theatre you're

stepping out of normal reality and in our eyes it was, OK, can we take

that one step further? Oh my God. Holi... Go, go, go! We created a

story here where we are training the soldiers to go to Arizona to kill

zombies, and the VR we think has been sandwiched perfectly in the

middle of the theatre, so it's the middle of the training process. What

about these recruits? Do we cancel their training? No. Right, you lead

through the door. Welcome to VR training. There are over 70 sensors

in these things here my neck, it's the only VR system that allows you

to move within your environment. With immersive theatre it's all

about making things one-on-one, the beauty with VR is you can have this

immersive solo experience with a headset on. Can you see these things

here? Hands up, Nick. These things will be picked up and used to

shoot. We are looking for a simulation. Now, Nick, remember, you

can move around and crouched down. Oh, I have hands! Look at the gun!

I've got it! A zombie coming towards me! Get it! How I see immersive

theatre and also now VR is like a lucid dream. We control the

environment but you still have control of yourself. As graphics

improve hopefully you'll get to a stage where people don't even

realise they're entering virtual reality. Have that. This is

amazeballs! OK, Nick, I need you to stay very calm for me. There has

been a small contamination issue. I need to leave this room. Don't die,

Nick. This is an evacuation. I'm going to get you out of here. Just

got through training and... We're still in the game. Coming out of

that end experience with huge smiles on their face or crying with fear,

which is a good thing. Honestly, like,... How did you feel it when?

It was great. When I was immersed in the headset, it was, like,

unstoppable. Absolute madness. That was Nick. Come the dawn of the

dead I'm standing behind that guy. Don't forget you can still immerse

yourself in Click's own virtual reality programme filmed entirely in

360 in Switzerland and the UK, and you'll find it on Click's YouTube

channel. That's it for now. See you soon.

It is set to be a chilly start to the weekend.

We've got a touch of frost around first thing

But things are gradually going to be warming up over the next couple

Some decent spells of sunshine but equally there's a bit of rain

in the forecast, especially for northern and western

areas, but nowhere immune to rain at some point in the weekend.

We have this front draped through parts of northern England,

To the north of that in Scotland and much of Northern Ireland,

after that chilly start to the morning, sunny spells first thing.

Further south across the Borders into northern England,

heavier bursts of rain over the hills and patchy rain affecting

the western half of Wales and parts of Cornwall and west Devon.

Moving our way further east across the bulk of England through

the Midlands, East Anglia and the south-east, after that chilly start

things will warm up nicely in the sunshine with a southerly breeze.

Staying dry across the bulk up England through the day, the rain

in the north edging further north into southern Scotland and Northern

Ireland, raining in Belfast through the early part of afternoon.

But the rain should gradually clear from Wales and the south-west of

England and in the south we'll see dry and settled weather, 9-10 with

the cloud and rain in the north but further south with the light winds

and sunshine, 15 or so will feel very pleasant. Won't stay dry all

Won't stay dry all the time in the south-east and

we'll see a few showers later in the day.

Premier League matches on Saturday, our featured games here should stay

dry with sunshine and fairly light winds.

It's not until the latter part of the afternoon we see the rain

moving from the south affecting the London region, East Anglia, some

uncertainty about the position and timing of this area of rain but it

looks like it will move to the north-east of England through

Sunday brings a few more more spells of rain in Scotland and

Northern Ireland, perhaps later in the day a few showers for Wales

Central and eastern areas will see the best of the dry weather

on Sunday and with the southerly breeze it will feel warm, 17 or 18

in the south, more like 11 for the likes of Belfast and Glasgow.

For the Scottish Premiership action on Sunday,

We could see some spells of rain, probably won't be raining all

Things are looking fairly unsettled into the new working week.

Low pressure dominates things heading into Monday,

with a frontal system coming in from the south from France.

Some spells of rain for central and eastern areas in particular through

the day on Monday, northern and western parts of the UK staying a

bit drier, still showers possible, temperatures not far off where they

should be for the time of year with highs generally around 10-15.

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