Ynys Manaw, Arfordir Gorllewin Antur y Gorllewin


Ynys Manaw, Arfordir Gorllewin

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-I'm on an incredible journey

-along the west coast of Europe.

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-Crikey, what a place!

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-My journey began in the south,

-in the Azores and Portugal.

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-I've always wanted to swim

-with these.

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-I travelled through Spain...

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-A lynx, lads, a lynx.

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-..France, the Channel Islands...

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-..Cornwall and Ireland.

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-There's so much more to see before

-I complete my journey in Iceland.

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-I'm swimming here...

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-..between two continents.

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-Constant rhythms are coming

-to the fore during my journey.

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-The way something common

-in one country...

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-..is rare in another.

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-But all these countries

-share one common link.

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-That connection is the Atlantic.

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-The huge ocean that shapes

-the western landscape...

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-..of all the countries.

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-The wind whips in

-all the way from America.

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-It helps sustain all kinds

-of wildlife, in the sea...

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-I have to take great care here.

-There are so many creatures.

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-..on land, and in the sky

-above our heads.

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-There are birds everywhere.

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-I'm on my way to Scotland.

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-I'm looking forward

-to experiencing more adventure.

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-The Mull of Galloway lighthouse

-is behind me.

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-I've reached Scotland.

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-This is Scotland's

-most southerly point.

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-Ireland is around 25 miles

-across the sea that way.

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-This is where my journey

-along Scotland's west coast begins.

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-I expect interesting experiences

-and adventures...

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-There's another one.

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-..frustration...

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-Animals can drive you crazy!

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-..natural beauty...

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-..and fun.

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-There are two chicks.

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-This promises to be

-a cracker of a journey.

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-Fantastic.

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-From my starting point

-on the Mull of Galloway...

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-..I head about 100 miles north

-to the Knapdale Forest in Argyll.

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-Why am I here?

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-An animal has been reintroduced

-to the area recently.

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-I can't wait to see it in the wild

-- the European beaver.

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-Beavers haven't been seen in Wales

-for over 900 years.

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-In Scotland, they last swam

-in these lakes 400 years ago.

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-Today, in an experiment

-supervised by Rob Needham...

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-..twelve beavers from Norway

-have new homes on four lochs here.

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-I'll have to wait until tonight

-to spot them...

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-..because they're mainly nocturnal.

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-Rob is showing me

-the fruits of their labour...

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-..an incredible dam

-built from sticks and mud...

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-..on the banks of Loch Coille Bharr.

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-It's a big dam, Rob.

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-It's approximately 30 metres.

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-Wow. There's a lot of work

-gone into this.

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-Three, four animals.

-It's an ongoing process.

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-They'll have worked on this

-since release, so two years.

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-Rob's just told me that this dam

-is about 30 metres long.

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-It's a metre and a half high

-and it holds the water back here.

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-This loch is the size

-of four rugby pitches.

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-That's incredible.

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-They use different pieces of wood

-for different sections.

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-They use one type

-to pack the wall...

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-..and another type,

-rowan in this case, I think...

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-..to hold the wall back.

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-If you look at the way

-they've gnawed through the wood...

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-..they have powerful jaws and teeth.

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-They only need three bites

-to gnaw their way through this.

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-Since all their teeth are sharp...

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-..they don't need a chainsaw

-to fell a tree of this size.

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-They're very busy foresters.

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-It's hard to believe that all this

-work happens in the dead of night.

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-We constantly moan

-about losing our wetlands.

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-Beavers create perfect wetlands

-for all kinds of creatures.

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-Toads, fish, birds, insects.

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-It's incredible.

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-Beavers didn't disappear because

-they harmed anyone or anything...

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-..but because they were hunted

-and killed for their fur.

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-Night is drawing in.

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-Hopefully, it's an opportunity

-to spot them.

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-According to Rob, the best place

-is on the banks of Loch Buic.

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-It's a lot smaller

-than Loch Coille Bharr...

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-..and there's a convenient path

-along one side.

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-There are gaps between the trees

-to see their lodge...

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-..and them,

-if they decide to come out.

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-I'm going to stand here.

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-I can see the lodge

-in the distance.

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-It looks like a pile of sticks.

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-It's hard to see

-with the sun in my eyes.

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-That's on the far side.

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-According to Rob,

-they appear around eight o'clock.

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-It's 7.30pm.

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-I'm going to hang around quietly

-for the next half an hour.

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-Despite the shabby appearance

-of this mound of sticks...

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-..from the outside...

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-..the inside is a cosy

-two-floor cottage...

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-..with one room for the beavers

-to clean and dry their fur...

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-..and a further area above

-for sleeping or raising their young.

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-To stay safe,

-the front door is underwater...

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-..to prevent anyone or anything

-seeing them come and go.

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-And that's my problem.

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-I've been here for half an hour.

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-I'm not sure if I saw

-some bubbles in the water...

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-..moving that way.

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-The beaver's fur is so thick

-when it's in the water.

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-It creates bubbles

-and you can see a path of bubbles.

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-I'm not sure if I saw one or not.

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-I can't see in this sunlight,

-so I'm going to head further along.

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-That might mean I won't be able

-to see the lodge on the far side...

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-..but if the beavers go anywhere,

-they'll head that way.

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-I hope I can see one.

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-There's a rock over here,

-so I'll slip in behind it.

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-An animal has appeared

-right in front of the lodge.

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-It's coming this way.

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-I'm not going to speak or move.

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-I'm going to stay as still as I can

-in case I scare it away.

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-It's gone to the other side

-of the loch.

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-I can see it clearly.

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-Its nose, eyes and ears

-are right at the top of its head...

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-..and they're barely a centimetre

-above the surface.

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-If it senses any danger,

-all it has to do is submerge...

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-..and disappear out of sight.

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-I can see the fur on its face -

-I can see everything.

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-Fantastic.

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-It's a beautiful evening.

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-I've seen a beaver in the wild

-for the first time.

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-They're vegetarians.

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-They eat plants, tree bark

-and leaves they find in the water.

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-They're no threat to fish.

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-There's another one,

-there's another one.

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-There are two.

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-The first one is still feeding

-and another has followed it.

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-It's swimming along the water,

-following the other one.

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-Both are feeding together,

-side by side.

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-I feel so privileged.

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-I'm one of the first to see

-these beavers in the wild.

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-It's fantastic.

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-Sixty miles north of Knapdale

-is the town of Oban...

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-..and the banks of Loch Linnhe.

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-It's a huge sea loch that runs

-all the way up to Fort William.

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-Ben Nevis, Britain's highest peak,

-towers over the town.

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-I'm not heading

-for the misty mountains today.

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-I'm taking the ferry west

-to the village of Corran.

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-There, waiting for me,

-is something rather unexpected.

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-I've just stepped off

-the Corran ferry.

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-You often think you have

-to visit wild, remote areas...

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-..to find special wildlife,

-but that's not true.

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-Three pairs of black guillemots

-are nesting under the walkway.

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-From afar, it's as if someone

-has put boxes out for them...

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-..but they're not nesting boxes.

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-Whatever they are,

-they're an ideal home.

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-They're pretty - black and white

-with bright red legs.

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-When they open their beaks,

-it's red on the inside.

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-The same happens in Wales.

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-They're rare in Wales, but they nest

-in Holyhead and Fishguard harbours.

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-Their numbers

-are on the increase back home.

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-There's another one!

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-This being the west of Scotland,

-it's no surprise...

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-..to find another loch nearby,

-Loch Sunart!

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-Nestled in the mountains above it

-is a national treasure.

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-The Ariundle Oakwoods.

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-It's a beautiful place,

-and far north for such a forest.

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-The nearest oak woodland

-in terms of size...

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-..is 200 miles south in Cumbria.

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-Is this the only reason

-why Ariundle is so revered?

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-It's time to don my detective's hat.

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-I love exploring oak forests.

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-Ancient trees.

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-If you look around,

-it seems entirely natural.

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-You wouldn't believe it...

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-..but man has influenced

-this place for centuries.

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-Look at this tree.

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-I say tree -

-it has three trunks.

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-That suggests

-that it's been trimmed low down...

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-..and the wood taken away

-to make charcoal.

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-That was used

-in the lead and iron industries.

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-By now, the tree is covered

-in lichen, moss and ferns.

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-That's what makes Ariundle

-important for naturalists...

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-..and appealing to visitors.

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-Not so much the trees themselves

-but what grows on and around them.

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-The trees and what grows on them

-might not be here at all...

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-..without man's intervention

-centuries ago.

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-However,

-there has been another partner...

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-..helping the process

-of turning this forest...

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-..into a treasure trove

-of internationally-important plants.

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-This moss is incredible.

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-It's very thick. Look at this.

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-I could sleep on that.

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-Why does it flourish here?

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-Because of the influence

-of the Atlantic Ocean.

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-Clouds that sweep in from the sea

-collide with the high mountains.

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-That produces rain.

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-The rain is incredible.

-It's wet here throughout the year.

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-You'll seldom have a dry week.

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-That's why mosses,

-lichens and ferns flourish.

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-Moist oak forests,

-such as this one...

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-..were once in evidence

-right along the European coast...

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-..in Portugal, Spain, France,

-Ireland, Wales and Scotland.

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-Today, we only see small pockets

-of these ancient forests.

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-We have comparable oak forests

-in many parts of Wales.

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-We might be too familiar with them

-to appreciate their importance...

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-..but I can assure you...

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-..that Wales has nothing

-to compare to my next destination.

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-The next leg of my journey

-is on the horizon - the Hebrides.

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-.

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-The Hebrides is a magical name...

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-..that refers to dozens, if not

-hundreds, of individual islands.

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-The ones I'm visiting...

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-..are a group of three

-of the most westerly of them all.

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-North Uist and South Uist...

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-..and the small island

-between them, Benbecula.

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-I've just arrived on Benbecula.

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-What a place.

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-Birds everywhere.

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-I can hear a corncrake.

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-There's a redshank nearby

-with its chicks.

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-Lapwings, curlews -

-all kinds of birds.

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-This brings back

-so many fond memories.

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-As a young boy

-of four or five years old...

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-..I remember going with Taid

-to the Lleyn Peninsula.

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-There were fields

-full of flowers and birds.

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-That's all disappeared now,

-but they can still be seen here.

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-What's the secret? It's simple.

-Traditional farming.

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-Look at these islands from above...

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-..and it's easy to see

-why traditional farming suits them.

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-A large proportion of this land

-is covered in water.

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-As much as one third

-of North Uist is lakes.

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-The pastures, peat bogs,

-mountains, lakes and beaches...

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-..are home to all kinds of wildlife.

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-Some of them choose

-rather odd places to feed.

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-This bay is called Stinky Bay,

-and it's a very apt name.

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-It does stink here.

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-Atlantic storms carry tonnes

-of seaweed onto the beach.

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-The seaweed rots slowly,

-creating this putrid smell.

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-But these little birds

-make good use of it.

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-These are eider ducks,

-females with their chicks.

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-I think they're feeding

-on snails and slugs.

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-They usually dive underwater

-to feed on mussels.

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-When an eider duck makes its nest,

-it uses its breast feathers.

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-They're thick and retain warmth.

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-It makes a circular nest

-and lays its eggs.

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-Years ago, when the eggs hatched...

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-..islanders used to collect

-the nests and sell them.

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-It was those feathers

-that were used to fill eiderdowns.

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-They're some of the warmest feathers

-you'll find.

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-I leave Stinky Bay

-for the fresher air...

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-..of this glorious beach

-on North Uist.

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-It's pleasant on the beach today...

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-..but can you imagine it

-in stormy conditions?

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-Storms sweep in

-all the way from America.

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-Look at this sand.

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-It's white and bright,

-just like being in the Bahamas.

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-These sand dunes have formed

-as a result of the winds and storms.

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-There's a unique habitat

-hiding behind them.

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-That's what I'm here to see.

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-Here it is - the machair.

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-The machair is a unique habitat

-of pasture land.

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-It sustains all kinds of plants,

-birds and insects.

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-You won't find some of these plants

-anywhere else...

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-..apart from the barren

-northern Scottish coast...

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-..and some parts of Ireland.

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-There are three reasons for this.

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-Firstly, this habitat is influenced

-by the westerly winds...

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-..which blow this white sand

-over the land.

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-Secondly, constant rainfall

-keeps the sandy soil in place...

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-..and irrigates it.

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-Thirdly, man's influence.

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-For hundreds, maybe thousands,

-of years...

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-..the machair has been farmed

-in a traditional manner...

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-..just like the fields full of birds

-I visited earlier.

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-In simple terms, those are

-the ingredients of the machair.

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-This place is a sea of colour.

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-It feels as if someone

-picked up a giant paintbrush...

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-..and set to work

-behind the sand dunes.

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-I've read about the machair

-and I've seen photographs...

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-..but only when you're here

-do you truly appreciate its beauty.

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-These are all wild flowers,

-and they're quite common ones.

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-Kidney vetch, red clovers,

-white clovers and wild pansies.

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-None of them are rare,

-but when you see them together...

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-..it's a magnificent sight.

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-I'd like to say one more thing

-about the machair.

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-It's about the word itself.

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-The 'ma' in machair

-means the same as the 'ma'...

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-..in 'maes', Machynlleth

-and Mathafarn.

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-It means flat land.

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-As the machair now only exists

-in areas where Gaelic is spoken...

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-..there is a deeper meaning

-to the word.

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-It's an emotional

-and cultural meaning.

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-It's similar to our use

-of the words 'aelwyd' and 'bro'.

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-It's no wonder

-that the Gaelic TV series...

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-..which is their equivalent

-of Pobol Y Cwm is called Machair.

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-There's a familiar saying

-in these parts.

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-If you don't like the weather,

-come back in five minutes.

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-There's a lot of truth

-in that phrase.

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-The Hebrides are as close

-to the North Pole...

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-..as Moscow

-and Hudson Bay in Canada.

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-Here's a clear indication of that

-- an Arctic tern.

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-They're more commonly found

-in the Arctic Circle.

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-Of all the Earth's creatures,

-Arctic terns migrate the furthest...

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-..from the Arctic all the way

-to Antarctica and back every year.

0:24:100:24:15

-It's a round trip of 25,000 miles.

0:24:150:24:19

-Not bad going for a bird

-that weighs less than four ounces.

0:24:190:24:23

-There is one more thing

-I'd like to see here in Lochmaddy.

0:24:260:24:31

-The otter.

0:24:310:24:33

-I've been searching

-for almost three hours.

0:24:500:24:52

-I've seen

-neither hide nor hair of one yet.

0:24:530:24:56

-Until now.

0:24:560:24:57

-I've hotfooted it

-over to the end of this pier.

0:25:140:25:17

-There's an otter in the water

-about 100 yards away.

0:25:180:25:23

-It's one creature I really wanted

-to see on these western islands.

0:25:230:25:29

-They're relatively common

-but are difficult to find.

0:25:300:25:34

-There are so many hiding places

-among the seaweed.

0:25:350:25:39

-This one is diving under the water,

-searching for fish.

0:25:390:25:43

-If I stay quiet and still,

-it might come closer.

0:25:430:25:49

-I can't see much of it right now.

0:25:520:25:54

-It surfaces for a short while

-and then dives back underwater.

0:25:540:25:58

-It's coming closer.

0:26:120:26:14

-Just over there.

0:26:140:26:16

-It's over there now.

0:26:160:26:18

-It's coming in, not towards me

-but towards the far side.

0:26:180:26:23

-It's gone around the corner.

-It had something in its mouth.

0:26:250:26:29

-It's gone to feed,

-but I can't see it.

0:26:290:26:31

-Animals can drive you crazy!

0:26:320:26:35

-It's coming now.

0:26:420:26:43

-I'm going to keep quiet and still.

0:26:440:26:46

-It's coming towards me slowly.

0:26:460:26:49

-Wow! You always hope

-you'll see an otter here.

0:26:590:27:02

-But I never thought

-I'd see one this close to me.

0:27:020:27:06

-An exhilarating experience.

0:27:180:27:21

-My heart's beating like a drum.

0:27:220:27:25

-On the next leg of my journey,

-I visit an ancient forest...

0:27:320:27:36

-..that could be unique.

0:27:360:27:39

-Why pine trees? Why not oak trees?

0:27:390:27:42

-I also head to another group

-of enchanting islands...

0:27:430:27:48

-..the Orkney Islands.

0:27:480:27:50

-It's greener and less wild

-than I expected.

0:27:500:27:52

-As well as wildlife on land...

0:27:530:27:56

-..I see how nature blends

-with the rusty remains of war.

0:27:560:28:01

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-I've now left the Hebrides

-and I'm back on the mainland.

0:28:180:28:22

-Further north, in Wester Ross,

-the landscape changes dramatically.

0:28:230:28:29

-This is picture postcard Scotland.

0:28:310:28:34

-My first port of call,

-nestled in the mountains...

0:28:360:28:40

-..is Loch Maree, which was carved

-out of the land during the Ice Age.

0:28:400:28:46

-Trees only reappeared thousands

-of years after the Ice Age.

0:28:460:28:50

-I've come to see these pine trees

-in Beinn Eighe...

0:28:510:28:56

-..Britain's oldest

-national nature reserve.

0:28:560:28:59

-I really like

-the ancient Scots pine trees.

0:29:010:29:05

-They're sometimes called

-granny pines.

0:29:050:29:08

-Each one looks like a sculpture...

0:29:080:29:12

-..and each one is different.

0:29:120:29:14

-This one is 400 years old.

0:29:150:29:18

-It's not very big...

0:29:180:29:20

-..but when this started to grow,

-wolves roamed the area.

0:29:200:29:24

-Caledonian trees,

-the Scots pine trees...

0:29:250:29:30

-..covered the Scottish highlands...

0:29:300:29:33

-..all the way across

-to the west coast.

0:29:330:29:37

-Today, less than one per cent

-of those trees remain.

0:29:370:29:41

-These trees are wonderful,

-but they're also rather mysterious.

0:29:440:29:47

-Scientists have discovered that

-the genes of Beinn Eighe's pines...

0:29:480:29:53

-..differ to the genes

-of other Caledonian pine trees.

0:29:530:29:57

-How did they start growing here

-after the Ice Age?

0:29:570:30:00

-Did they come from Ireland

-or lost lands under the sea?

0:30:010:30:05

-Or did they survive here

-through the Ice Age...

0:30:050:30:08

-..and remain here today,

-granny pines and their offspring...

0:30:090:30:13

-..as witnesses to an ancient

-landscape that was once here?

0:30:130:30:17

-From Loch Maree and Beinn Eighe...

0:30:210:30:24

-..I head to the Scottish mainland's

-most northerly point.

0:30:240:30:29

-I'm crossing the famous strait

-of Pentland Firth...

0:30:290:30:32

-..to somewhere I've never visited

-before - the Orkneys.

0:30:330:30:37

-I've reached the Orkney Islands.

0:30:520:30:54

-I've always wanted to visit,

-but I've never been here before.

0:30:540:30:59

-The word Orkney

-isn't an English word.

0:30:590:31:02

-It's a Viking word.

0:31:020:31:04

-The Orkney Islands are a collection

-of over 70 islands.

0:31:050:31:08

-Each one has been named

-by the Vikings.

0:31:080:31:12

-My first impression?

0:31:120:31:14

-It's a lot greener and less wild

-than I thought it would be...

0:31:140:31:18

-..but I know it's teeming

-with wildlife.

0:31:180:31:21

-The first place I'll look

-for wildlife is Scapa Flow.

0:31:230:31:28

-It's one of the world's largest

-natural harbours.

0:31:280:31:32

-It's around 120 square miles,

-roughly twice the size of Cardiff.

0:31:330:31:38

-For centuries, it has also played

-a crucial role in history.

0:31:380:31:43

-It's very quiet in Scapa Flow

-this morning.

0:31:450:31:48

-The waters are very still.

0:31:480:31:50

-This scene looked very different

-during both the world wars.

0:31:500:31:55

-At the beginning of World War II,

-a German U-boat came into the bay...

0:31:550:32:01

-..and sank the British battleship

-Royal Oak.

0:32:010:32:05

-The land mass behind me

-is a series of islands...

0:32:050:32:09

-..with a gap between them

-to allow the sea in.

0:32:090:32:12

-Winston Churchill ordered

-the closure of the four entrances.

0:32:120:32:18

-Initially, they scuppered ships,

-but that wasn't enough.

0:32:180:32:22

-They then built a barrage of stones

-and concrete to close the gaps.

0:32:220:32:27

-They're called

-the Churchill Barriers.

0:32:270:32:30

-I'm going to dive down to see

-one of the original scuppered ships.

0:32:300:32:35

-Diving is dangerous

-at the best of times.

0:32:420:32:45

-When you film a dive,

-you need a large crew.

0:32:450:32:48

-The underwater film crew

-and a buddy for me.

0:32:490:32:52

-He's a local expert who's used

-to diving down to these old wrecks.

0:32:520:32:58

-I think it'll all be worth it.

0:32:580:33:00

-At about 12 metres at most,

-it isn't very deep here...

0:33:260:33:30

-..but it's a very different world.

0:33:300:33:32

-Look at these -

-they're ship's railings.

0:33:330:33:37

-You can make out some of the shapes.

0:33:380:33:41

-Look how nature

-has taken over the entire ship.

0:33:420:33:47

-It's incredible.

0:33:480:33:50

-It looks like a natural reef.

0:33:500:33:52

-The wildlife that lives in, on

-and around the ships is incredible.

0:33:590:34:05

-There are all kinds of crabs.

0:34:050:34:08

-This is a spider crab -

-no bigger than a finger nail.

0:34:080:34:12

-Here's a hermit crab.

0:34:130:34:15

-It has its own shell and lives in

-another shell deep inside this ship.

0:34:150:34:20

-It's playing safe.

0:34:200:34:22

-It lives on the remains

-of dead creatures.

0:34:220:34:25

-The circle of life is even reflected

-in the names of these creatures.

0:34:260:34:30

-Look at this.

0:34:350:34:37

-It's so beautiful.

0:34:380:34:40

-It's soft coral

-called dead man's fingers.

0:34:400:34:44

-It's a colony of creatures

-living together.

0:34:460:34:49

-They anchor themselves

-to the sunken iron ship.

0:34:490:34:54

-They feed on the nutrition

-you can see around me in the water.

0:34:550:35:00

-It's the perfect place for them.

0:35:010:35:04

-Other colourful creatures

-also flourish here...

0:35:040:35:07

-..thanks to the plentiful supply

-of food.

0:35:080:35:11

-They filter the food in the water

-while clinging to the ships.

0:35:110:35:15

-Anemones and sea squirts.

0:35:150:35:18

-There are also fish

-and more mobile creatures here.

0:35:230:35:26

-This is a flounder.

0:35:270:35:28

-When it stays still,

-it's perfectly camouflaged...

0:35:280:35:31

-..against the seabed.

0:35:320:35:34

-Incredibly, as it grows older,

-one of its eyes moves...

0:35:340:35:38

-..from one side of its head to join

-the other eye on the other side.

0:35:380:35:43

-It's a real Picasso fish!

0:35:430:35:45

-This allows it to blend

-into the background...

0:35:450:35:48

-..and spot its prey

-at the same time.

0:35:480:35:51

-They used scuppered ships to block

-the four entrances to Scapa Flow.

0:35:550:36:01

-Today, they've built a dam

-out of huge concrete blocks.

0:36:020:36:08

-These blocks are home

-to all kinds of seaweed.

0:36:090:36:14

-The seaweed sustains sea snails,

-sea slugs, starfish and so on.

0:36:150:36:21

-All kinds of creatures.

0:36:220:36:24

-It's teeming with wildlife.

0:36:240:36:26

-With a bit of luck...

0:36:360:36:37

-..I hope to see

-another favourite animal of mine.

0:36:380:36:42

-As well as other wildlife...

0:36:420:36:44

-..I search for seals

-on the Orkney Islands.

0:36:450:36:48

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-One thing is true of all islands.

0:37:020:37:05

-If wildlife needs to visit land

-from time to time...

0:37:050:37:09

-..there are only a few

-suitable places to do so.

0:37:100:37:12

-A dozen or more seals have been seen

-on the remote Kirk Geo beach.

0:37:130:37:18

-These are common seals.

0:37:240:37:26

-When you travel along western

-and northern coasts...

0:37:290:37:33

-..you usually see grey seals.

0:37:330:37:35

-You can spot some

-along the Welsh coast.

0:37:360:37:39

-In the north-west of Scotland,

-and on the Orkney Islands...

0:37:390:37:43

-..common and grey seals

-can be seen together.

0:37:440:37:47

-Common seals are prettier.

-They have dog-like faces.

0:37:480:37:53

-The grey seal

-has a large Roman nose.

0:37:530:37:57

-These are resting.

0:37:570:37:59

-There's one scratching its skin.

0:37:590:38:02

-They've been fishing.

0:38:020:38:04

-They're resting

-and keeping warm on the rocks.

0:38:040:38:07

-They'll return to the water

-to fish later.

0:38:080:38:11

-On land, they're awkward lumps...

0:38:110:38:14

-..but when they're underwater,

-they're in their element.

0:38:140:38:18

-Seeing them like this

-explains the old Orkney legend...

0:38:240:38:28

-..that at certain times of the year,

-common seals shed their fur coats...

0:38:290:38:35

-..and turn into little people,

-or selkies.

0:38:350:38:39

-There is something almost human

-about their eyes.

0:38:390:38:43

-I came to Kirk Geo to see the seals,

-but at the top of the beach...

0:38:550:38:59

-..I notice something very rare,

-even for the Orkney Islands.

0:38:590:39:04

-The oyster plant.

0:39:040:39:08

-As the name suggests, the leaves

-supposedly taste of oysters.

0:39:080:39:12

-It's an Arctic plant, found mainly

-in Norway and Iceland...

0:39:130:39:17

-..but one was spotted growing

-on Abergele beach in the 1980s.

0:39:170:39:23

-It's such a pretty plant.

0:39:230:39:25

-From Kirk Geo beach...

0:39:280:39:30

-..I head for the rougher landscape

-of Yesnaby Head.

0:39:310:39:34

-In the distance

-is the Old Man of Hoy...

0:39:350:39:38

-..a sea stack

-towering above the waves.

0:39:380:39:41

-There are grass of Parnassus

-flowers everywhere, surprisingly.

0:39:440:39:49

-It's a pretty flower, rare in Wales,

-but found in abundance here.

0:39:490:39:54

-However, another flower

-also grows here.

0:39:540:39:57

-It only grows in a few places

-in the north of Scotland.

0:39:580:40:02

-Here's another

-grass of Parnassus...

0:40:040:40:06

-..but my main reason

-for visiting this area...

0:40:070:40:10

-..was to show you this flower.

0:40:100:40:12

-The Scottish primrose.

0:40:130:40:15

-This is a very rare flower.

0:40:150:40:17

-It is only found

-on Scotland's north coast...

0:40:170:40:21

-..and here on the Orkney Islands.

0:40:210:40:24

-It grows best on land that's used

-for grazing and hasn't been treated.

0:40:240:40:30

-That's why it flourishes here.

0:40:300:40:32

-There are so many of them,

-you must be careful where you tread.

0:40:320:40:37

-What a pretty flower.

0:40:370:40:39

-Yes, it's small,

-but it's very tough.

0:40:420:40:44

-It grows in the harsh, cold winds

-of the Atlantic...

0:40:450:40:49

-..but it's disappearing in areas

-where the land is being improved.

0:40:490:40:55

-Much of the main island has been

-farmed intensively for decades.

0:41:090:41:15

-However, there are areas

-where I feel right at home.

0:41:150:41:19

-The wild cliffs on the coast

-or up on Birsay Moors...

0:41:190:41:24

-..an RSPB reserve

-in the north of Mainland.

0:41:240:41:27

-I'm welcomed by a curlew overhead.

0:41:280:41:32

-The air is heavy with a scent that

-reminds me of the Berwyn Mountains.

0:41:380:41:43

-The sweet aroma of meadowsweet.

0:41:430:41:46

-I expected to see this up here,

-although not on meadowsweet.

0:41:530:41:58

-The caterpillar

-of the emperor moth.

0:41:590:42:02

-It usually feeds on heather

-and bilberry leaves.

0:42:030:42:08

-I don't think it's feeding

-on this meadowsweet.

0:42:090:42:12

-I think it has lost its way.

0:42:120:42:14

-It has a lovely light green colour

-with yellow and black spots.

0:42:140:42:19

-Very pretty.

0:42:190:42:21

-There's a special satisfaction

-in seeing familiar things...

0:42:260:42:30

-..in unfamiliar surroundings.

0:42:300:42:32

-But here on Birsay Moors...

0:42:330:42:35

-..you'll see sights

-that are very unfamiliar to us.

0:42:360:42:39

-We're far north now and can see

-a great skua, or bonxie.

0:42:440:42:49

-Bonxie is a local word.

0:42:490:42:51

-Another bird you're likely to see

-is the Arctic skua.

0:42:510:42:56

-You wouldn't find these birds

-on Welsh moors.

0:42:560:42:59

-In fact, the Arctic skua may become

-a rare sight in the near future.

0:43:010:43:07

-Their numbers have fallen

-dramatically recently.

0:43:120:43:16

-They have been placed on a list

-of threatened species.

0:43:160:43:20

-Another bird found on these moors

-is on that list in Wales.

0:43:210:43:26

-One of the main reasons

-for visiting the Orkney Islands...

0:43:300:43:35

-..was to see the hen harrier,

-one of my favourite birds.

0:43:350:43:39

-They're here in large numbers.

0:43:390:43:41

-There were around 100 pairs...

0:43:410:43:43

-..and there are still

-around 90 pairs here now.

0:43:430:43:46

-In a valley like this,

-there are four or five pairs.

0:43:460:43:50

-There's a good chance

-I'll see some of them hunting today.

0:43:500:43:54

-Here's a male flying in.

0:44:200:44:22

-The male flies low across the moors.

0:44:220:44:25

-It's one of the prettiest birds

-you'll see in the highlands.

0:44:250:44:30

-It's light grey.

0:44:300:44:32

-I think the nest...

-I'll keep an eye on it.

0:44:320:44:35

-Yes, it's carrying prey.

0:44:360:44:38

-Is it? Maybe not.

0:44:390:44:41

-The tips of its wings are black.

0:44:410:44:45

-It's like a ghost

-flying across the moors.

0:44:450:44:48

-Here it goes again.

0:44:490:44:51

-Where's it going? Oh, it's being

-followed by two chicks.

0:44:510:44:56

-There are two chicks following it.

0:44:560:44:59

-They have obviously fledged.

0:44:590:45:01

-It flew over the nest

-and the chicks followed it.

0:45:020:45:06

-I lost it for a second.

0:45:060:45:08

-I don't know if it dropped

-some prey.

0:45:080:45:11

-The two chicks are flying around

-and the male has flown away.

0:45:130:45:18

-It's still hunting.

0:45:190:45:20

-It was just passing over.

-That was nice!

0:45:200:45:23

-I enjoyed that.

0:45:230:45:25

-Isn't this a wonderful place

-in this warm sunshine?

0:45:560:46:00

-I love Scotland

-and I've enjoyed my visit here.

0:46:000:46:04

-I'm glad I had the opportunity

-to visit the Orkney Islands.

0:46:040:46:08

-The next step is a big step.

0:46:090:46:11

-Hundreds of miles across the sea

-to the Faroe Islands.

0:46:110:46:15

-There, I'm certain,

-the adventure will continue.

0:46:150:46:19

-On the last leg of the journey...

0:46:250:46:28

-..I visit the Faroe Islands

-for the first time.

0:46:280:46:33

-It's great to see mountains

-rising straight up out of the sea.

0:46:330:46:38

-I also visit Iceland to see some

-of the world's largest mammals.

0:46:400:46:45

-There's one over here.

0:46:450:46:48

-I'll roam the island's barren

-and beautiful landscape.

0:46:480:46:52

-I'll dive into the depths...

0:46:550:46:57

-..explore a cave formed by lava...

0:46:590:47:01

-It looks like

-the entrance to Hell!

0:47:030:47:06

-..and cross an invisible boundary

-into the Arctic Circle.

0:47:060:47:11

-It's a remote, inhospitable place

-and it's hard to live here.

0:47:110:47:16

-S4C Subtitles by Adnod Cyf.

0:47:430:47:45

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0:47:450:47:45

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